中考英语复习：阅读课件-40张

中考英语复习：阅读课件-40张

任务型阅读 考点一    题型 1.从已知文段获取短语意思,再由短语意思对应五个新的句子。常见的题材选 自一些易形成多个英语俗语的词汇,如“马”,horse around,get off one ' s high horse;如“羊”,the black sheep;如“象”,the white elephant等。这些英语俗语 本身并不常见,但由已知文段所提供的信息考生不难判断它们的意思。 2.还原句子题 2015—2019年河南中考任务型阅读理解大都是“句子还原”类的,难度适中,词 数都在220—260之间。 题型解读 考点二    体裁 　　近五年河南中考任务型阅读以说明文为主,记叙文为辅。说明文记叙条理 更清晰,所以上下文的联系更紧密,考生更容易有思路。 　　此题型要求考生能理解事件发展顺序或文章的逻辑顺序以及段落句子之 间的逻辑关系。各句子之间的逻辑关系通常有:并列关系、顺序关系、递进关 系、转折关系、解释关系、因果关系、总分关系等。 (1)并列关系 并列关系指句与句之间为平等并列的关系,互不相属,共同说明一个话题。表达 并列关系的常用词汇有and,at the same time等。 (2)顺序关系 顺序关系指构成语段的各个句子能按事物的发展过程由先而后地按顺序排列, 方法技巧 不能随便改动次序。表达顺序关系的常用词汇有:first,second,third(firstly,sec- ondly,thirdly...),first of all,and,then,after that,finally等。 (3)递进关系 递进关系也是一种固定的顺序关系。不同的是按这种关系组织起来的句群是 按语义的轻重,认识的深浅由轻到重、由浅入深而排列的。常用的词汇有: above all,what ' s more,moreover,besides,in addition等。 (4)转折关系 转折关系指句子与句子之间存在着意义上的转折。按这种关系组织起来的句 群通常表达“对比”“对照”的意思。常用词汇有:but,however,yet,while等。 (5)解释关系 解释关系指后面的句子是对前面的句子的解释、引申、例证,使意思更加具体 明了。常用词汇有:because,as,for,since,for example等。 (6)因果关系 因果关系是一种特殊的解释关系。按因果关系组成的句群有两种排列方式:一 种是从因到果;另一种是从果到因。常用词汇有:that ' s why,so,so that,as a result 等。 (7)总分关系 总分关系指前面的句子作为本段或本文的中心句,统领概括,后边的句子紧接着 分别对它们加以说明。 (2019河南,D) A proverb is a short, well-known saying that expresses a common truth or belief. Proverbs are found in most cultures and are often very old. In American history, Benjamin Franklin was a scientist, inventor and writer as well as a leader of the American Revolution. 　1     Franklin wrote a book called “Poor Richard ' s Almanac”. 　2     Some of them are still used today, like this one:“Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.” 典例剖析 Franklin is also remembered for other proverbs like,“A penny saved is a penny earned.” 　 3     Here are other examples of proverbs that Americans use. The first ones are about love. Some people say, “All is fair in love and war.”They mean that anything you do in a relationship or in battle is acceptable. 　4     In other words, when you are in love with someone, you may refuse to see anything bad about that person. Here is another popular saying about love:“The way to a man ' s heart is through his stomach.”Some people believe that a woman can win a man ' s love if she pre- pares his favorite foods. “ 　5     ”This proverb is true in love and war or other situations. It means that what you do is more important than what you say. We have to stop here, so we must say,“All good things must come to an end.” 根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项,使文章意 思通顺、内容完整。 A.Actions speak louder than words. B.Another proverb says “Love is blind.” C.He was also famous for his proverbs. D.This means that money should not be wasted. E.He included many proverbs that he had heard or created. [语篇解读]　本文为说明文,介绍了几个美国人常用的谚语。 1.C　根据本段的前一句可知,在美国历史上,本杰明·富兰克林是一名科学家、 发明家、作家,也是美国革命的领袖,此处表示“他也因他的谚语而著名”,故 选C项。 2.E　根据下文“Some of them are still used today”可知,他的书里包括了许多 他听过的或创造的谚语,故选E项。 3.D　根据上文“A penny saved is a penny earned.”可知此处应该选择“这意 味着钱不应该被浪费”,故选D项。 4.B 　空格处下一句意为“换句话说 , 当你爱上某人的时候 , 你可能会拒绝去看 有关那个人的一切不好的事情。” , 由此可知爱情是盲目的 , 故选 B 项。 5.A　本段最后一句意为“这意味着你做的比说的更重要。”,由此可知应该 选择A项(行动胜于雄辩)。 A组　河南中考题组 Passage 1 (2018河南,D) Dear Linda, 　1     As I told you yesterday, I am in Rome today. Tomorrow we are getting the train down into the south of the country and then the ship across to Greece. 　2     We started in England and we spent two days in London and another day in Canter- 题组训练 bury. We saw a lot of great history and the only bad thing was the weather—it rained for the whole time we were there. Can you believe it? 　3     Well, I have to say I prefer the American Disneyland. But we met some nice people from Canada and spent two great days with them. One of them,Clive,is going to your university next year. How ' s that for a coincidence(巧合)! 　4     After that, we went south into Switzerland. It was very expensive and we couldn ' t stay as long as we wanted to, so that ' s why we ' re in Italy now! 　5     See you soon. Mike 根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项,使文章意 思通顺、内容完整。 A.OK, that ' s enough from me for now. I want to post this letter now so you can get it by the weekend. B.I can ' t wait to arrive in Athens to see all that history. Let me tell you something about where we have visited so far. I know you want to come here on vacation too one day! C.Clive and his wife left us once we got to Germany by train. They went up into Denmark but we continued to Munich. Wow—what a great city! I bought you a surprise gift there. I hope you like it. D.At least when we got to Paris, the sun was shining! We only stayed for one after- noon in the French capital because my friends really wanted to visit Euro Disney which is to the east of Paris. E.How are things with you? It was great talking to you yesterday by phone. 1. 　E     　2. 　B     　3. 　D     　4. 　C     　5. 　A     Passage 2 (2017河南,D) Starting high school is a great experience for any teenager. Whether you are coming from a middle school(grades six through eight)or a junior high school(grades seven through nine), there are many things about high school that are different from your old school environment. 　1     You will face being in a new school, making new friends in an unfamiliar class and getting to know new teachers. These new teachers will usually have higher academ- ic(学术的)levels than your middle and junior-high school teachers. 　2     In return, they expect you to work hard and develop your skills. On top of all this, peer pressure(同伴压力)to drink and smoke often increases in high school. 　3     Although there is a lot of pressure, it is nothing you cannot deal with. If you are feeling pressure to do something that you feel is wrong, talk to a friend, parent, or counselor to find a solution(解决). 　4     If you are not succeeding academically, find someone to help you. If you feel lonely, try to join a school club or group to make new friends. 　5     With time, you will come to be thankful for everything about your experi- ence. On the point of starting your high school, are you ready? 根据材料内容,从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项,使短文意 思通顺、内容完整。 A.You will experience many changes. B.They want to help you get into college. C.High school may seem discouraging at first. D.They are there to help you get into this great new time in your life. E.Besides, the pressure could also come from grades, loneliness and so on. 1. 　A     　2. 　B     　3. 　E     　4. 　D     　5. 　C     B组　全国中考题组 Passage 1 (2019福建,E) Seeing blood in a horror movie might make you cover your eyes, but real blood isn ' t scary at all. 　1     That ' s why blood donors are considered lifesavers. Blood donors are those giving blood—usually about 200ml at a time—to blood banks or blood donation(捐赠) centers. 　2     For example, someone may have lost blood in accidents, or have a serious illness that requires his blood to be replaced. Hospitals and blood banks store the blood and try to keep enough on hand. 　3     Medical workers ask donors several questions to make sure the blood is safe to use. Then the donors relax, often reading a magazine or talking as their blood is drawn. Afterward, the donors may receive some juice or water and maybe fruit to give them energy. The process is simple, not scary. 　4     To give blood, a person must be at least 18 years old and must meet certain other requirements. Students of all ages, though ,can learn more about the donation pro- cess by visiting a local blood donation center. 　5     It is also an easy way to help a community. A.Donating blood is not difficult. B.Then the blood can be used for people in need. C.In fact, blood is the gift of life and keeps us alive. D.Donating blood is not only one of the easiest ways to save lives. E.Most people are able to donate blood again in several months if they wish. 1. 　C     　2. 　B     　3. 　A     　4. 　E     　5. 　D     Passage 2 (2019 山西 ,C) We ' ve heard about several “poor students” in the past year. Cui Qingtao, a stu- dent from Yunnan, was working with his parents on a building site when he got an admission letter( 录取通知书 ) from Peking University. 　 1     She is a student from Hebei. She was doing her part-time job in a different city when her family got her admission letter from Peking University. 　2     For example, they are all strong and optimistic(乐观的). Li Enhui said in an interview, “As long as we are alive, there are no problems that cannot be solved, and many people don ' t have my experiences. 　3     ”Such an idea makes many adults feel embarrassed. He refused to accept donation money and decided to make money by himself. This is also the common thing that“poor students” have. Whatever kind of values you hold, such personalities( 品格 ) are necessary for growth. 　 4     Not everything goes well all the time. Only being strong and opti- mistic, can one go through difficulties. In fact, living in poor families doesn ' t promise such good personalities, and living in happiness doesn ' t promise optimistic attitudes(态度). We like such“poor students” because they are strong and opti- mistic. For them, few can choose their lifestyles. 　5     That ' s why they are highly praised. Every one of us should learn from them. A.Life is full of ups and downs. B.A girl named Wang Xinyi is another example. C.“Poor students” are usually hard-working and caring. D.And these experiences make me grow and become better. E.Born in poor families, these students have a lot in common. F.However, all of them can choose their attitudes towards life. 1. 　B     　2. 　E     　3. 　D     　4. 　A     　5. 　F     Passage 3 (2019湖北黄冈,四,第二节) Now students ' English handwriting(书写)gets worse and worse. That makes their teachers feel worried. Is your English handwriting beautiful? 　1     Use paper with lines When you write English words or sentences, you can use paper with lines. That will make your handwriting straight. 　2     Be sure to fill the lined space completely. And make sure those capital letters(大写字母)are written properly. Slow down If your writing is hard to read, just slow down a little. 　3     If you write too quick- ly, it ' s hard for you to stop where you should, and you may make more mistakes easily. 　4     When you hold your pencil in the correct way, writing is much better. Some kids press down really hard when they write. That makes the handwriting bad. Try to be relaxed and don ' t hold the pencil so hard. Let your writing appear nice and clean. If you do so, people will guess you are a student with a good habit. Draw more pictures 　5     While you are drawing pictures, you need to use the skills to control(控制) your pencil better. Even though you have no chance to draw at school, you can practice by drawing at home. Handwriting is very important. Imagine you are a famous movie star or a well- known sports player, what do you do when your fans run up to you? Give them your autographs(亲笔签名), of course! A.If not, here are four steps that really work! B.Hold your pencil right. C.Drawing can improve your handwriting. D.We will try to learn English well. E.Going slower makes your handwriting clearer. F.Those lines on the paper can help you to write words in the right size. 1. 　A     　2. 　F     　3. 　E     　4. 　B     　5. 　C     Passage 4 (2019山东青岛,D) There is something different in this week ' s blog. Let ' s look at some birthday cus- toms around the world. Harry Baker, Perth, Australia It ' s my birthday next Wednesday. I ' m going to be 10 years old. 　1     in my coun- try. My mom ' s going to make me a huge plate of fairy bread. It ' s a snack. We make it with bread, butter, and colorful sugar called “Hundreds and thousands”. Jim Dixon, Montego Bay, Jamaica I love birthdays! They are a lot of fun. Here in Jamaica, we have an old custom. 　2      Guess what we do? We throw flour(面粉)at our friends! It ' s my best friend ' s birthday tomorrow. 　3     I ' m going to buy a lot of flour to throw at him. Victoria Smith, London, UK My grandmother is going to be 100 years old in June. She ' s very excited because she ' s going to get a special letter from the Queen. The Queen sends a letter to every person who reaches 100. 　4     Jiang Li, Beijing, China In my country, we celebrate birthdays with a special type of the food. Noodles are a sign of long life for us. This year, I ' m going to make some “long life noodles” for all my friends. 　5     and have a great evening! 根据短文内容,从选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多 余选项。 A.I ' m going to go to the store soon. B.I ' m going to make a big cake. C.It ' s a tradition that makes people very happy. D.We like to surprise people on their birthdays. E.We ' re going to eat them together. F.We always eat fairy bread on our birthdays. 1. 　F     　2. 　D     　3. 　A     　4. 　C     　5. 　E     Passage 5 (2018福建,E) 阅读下面短文,从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项, 使短文通顺、连贯,意思完整。 　　We should not use more water than we actually need. If we do, we will not have enough water in the future. 　1     It is not a difficult question to answer. If we remove more fresh water than nature replaces, we have taken too much. Many cities run campaigns(运动)to get people to stop wasting water. They show them ways they can cut back on water use. 　2     What ' s more, they carry out pro- grams that offer money to reduce water use. For example, they give people shower heads and toilets that use less water. 　3     Another threat(威胁)to our water supply is pollution. When our sources of fresh water get polluted, we can no longer use this water. This also endangers(危及)the animals that depend on the water. 　4     We can save lots of water by not letting taps(水龙头)run while we brush our teeth or by turning off taps right after washing hands. By collecting cold water when we ' re taking warm showers, we can also save water. 　5     In this way, we can make full use of water. A.However, just how much is too much? B.There are several things we can do to save water. C.Finally, they make laws to control the use of water. D.We don ' t have to let the cold water run until it gets warm. E.They also increase water bills for people who use too much. 1. 　A     　2. 　E     　3. 　C     　4. 　B     　5. 　D     Passage 6 (2018 吉林 ,D) 　　 The Inuit people of North America used to be called Eskimos. 　 1     . Their lives have changed a lot in 30 years. The Inuit people used to live in igloos(冰屋)in winter, but today, many of them live in houses in small towns. They used to hunt seals(海豹). 　2     . Many of them still wear seal-skin clothes today because they are very warm. Remember, the weather is very cold for many months of the year. Mariano Tagalik, a 65-year-old Inuit, told us a little about her past life.“Our win- ter igloos were very warm. We cooked inside, so sometimes it got too hot. 　3     . In the short summers, we lived in seal-skin tents, but I spent as much time as possi- ble playing outside.” To move over the snow, Inuit people wore special snowshoes on their feet. 　 4     . These machines can travel long distances(距离)in a short time. In the past, it took them days or weeks to travel the same distance. 　5     , and they learnt everything from their parents. Now, like all North Ameri- cans, they go to school for about ten years. Life is not as hard as it used to be, but many of the older Inuits hate modern life and want to go back to the old days. 根据短文内容 , 将下面方框内的句子还原到文中空白处 , 使短文内容完整、通顺 ( 每个选项只能用一次 ) 。 A.I took off most of my clothes when I was in our igloo B.Inuit children never went to school C.They are now named Inuits which means“the people”instead of Eskimos D.Today many Inuits ride snowmobiles E.They ate the meat and made clothes from the fur(皮毛) 1. 　C     　2. 　E     　3. 　A     　4. 　D     　5. 　B     Passage 7 (2018 云南 ) Making money isn ' t just for adults. Kids can do it, too. Making money gives you more than money. 　 1     By working to make your own money, you ' ll learn how to succeed in the world. This includes dealing with money, understanding and get- ting along with other people. 　 2     ·Collect soft drink bottles. You can sell the collected bottles and use the money to buy a new basketball. 　3     ·Make greeting cards. If you are good at drawing, try making special cards. You can sell your cards to make money. · 　 4     You may have some books that you have read but you don ' t want to keep. Then you can sell them to make money. ·Win a scholarship( 奖学金 ). If you get good grades at school, you can get some money as a prize. 　 5     A.Sell old books. B.Borrow old books. C.It ' s also a learning process. D.However, you are polluting the environment. E.It ' s easy to make money if you try the following ways. F.This encourages kids to work harder to get better grades. G.At the same time, you are keeping the environment clean. 1. 　C     　2. 　E     　3. 　G     　4. 　A     　5. 　F