云南武定一中学高二上年末考试英语

云南武定一中学高二上年末考试英语

云南武定一中18-19学度高二上年末考试-英语 第一卷（三部分，共115分）‎ 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）‎ 第一节(共五小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)‎ 请听下面五段对话，选出最佳答案.‎ ‎1. Where do the man’s parents live now?‎ ‎ A. In Spain. B. In the US. C. In ‎France ‎2. What does the woman think of her trip?‎ ‎ A. Terrible. B. Just so-so. C. Great.‎ ‎3. What are the two speakers talking about?‎ ‎ A. The work plan after graduation. B. The travel plan after graduation.‎ ‎ C. The first job after they graduated.‎ ‎4. How does the man support himself through school?‎ ‎ A. By receiving a scholarship. B. By working in his spare time.‎ ‎ C. By asking his parents for help.‎ ‎5. What do we know about the man?‎ ‎ A. He has never been to Happy‎ ‎Valley before. ‎ ‎ B. He will go to Happy‎ ‎Valley with his family.‎ ‎ C. He is not interested in Happy‎ ‎Valley at all.‎ 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)‎ 请听下面五段对话,选出最佳选项.‎ 请听第6段材料，回答第6至7题.‎ ‎6. What’s the woman’s plan for this Saturday?‎ ‎ A. To go to a birthday party. B. To go shopping with Linda. ‎ ‎ C. To cook at home.‎ ‎7. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?‎ ‎ A. Neighbors. B. Friends. C. Couple. ‎ 请听第7段材料，回答第8至9题.‎ ‎8. What do we know about the woman’s family?‎ ‎ A. Her parents are both musicians. B. Her brother has a gift for music.‎ ‎ C. Her brother is younger than her.‎ ‎9. How old was the woman when she published her first book?‎ ‎ A. 13. B. 23. C. 30‎ ‎ 请听第8段材料，回答第10至12题.‎ ‎ 10. Where will Tim go this evening?‎ ‎ A. To the air port. B. To a family party. C. To a gathering of friends.‎ ‎ 11. Why is Susan available tonight?‎ ‎ A. Because the family party has been cancelled. ‎ ‎ B. Because her flight has been cancelled. C. Because her mother is not coming.‎ ‎ 12. What time is it now? ‎ ‎ A. 5:30 pm B. 6:00 pm C. 6:30 pm ‎ 请听第9段材料，回答第13至16题.‎ ‎ 13. Why did the man come to teach in Shanghai?‎ ‎ A. To make money. B. To learn some Chinese. C. To learn more about ‎ China‎.‎ ‎ 14. When will the man probably leave the school?‎ ‎ A. In March. B. In June. C. In August.‎ ‎ 15. What did the man find hard at first when he was teaching in Shanghai?‎ ‎ A. How to get to know his students. B. How to get used to the environment.‎ ‎ C. How to find fun things to do in class.‎ ‎ 16. What does the man do on the weekend?‎ ‎ A. He goes sightseeing with some other teachers.‎ ‎ B. He reads books about Chinese culture.‎ ‎ C. He does out to play with his students.‎ ‎ 请听第10段材料，回答第17至20题.‎ ‎ 17. What were the house owners doing when the fire broke out?‎ ‎ A. They were holding a Christmas party. B. They were out going shopping.‎ ‎ C. They were sleeping at home.‎ ‎ 18. What did the cat do when there was smoke in the house?‎ ‎ A. It scratched at his owners’ bed to wake them up.‎ ‎ B. It made some noise to attract his owners’ attention.‎ ‎ C. It opened the window with its paws to allow smoke out.‎ ‎ 19. What was the house like in the end?‎ ‎ A. It was almost completely damaged. B. Only the kitchen was damaged a little.‎ ‎ C. Only the room was seriously damaged.‎ ‎ 20. Why doesn’t the woman keep a cat now?‎ ‎ A. Because her last cat’s death broke her heart.‎ ‎ B. Because her mother doesn’t like cats. C. Because she doesn’t like cats.‎ ‎ 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） ‎ 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题一分，满分15分）‎ ‎ 从A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白旳最佳选项 ‎21. --- Hurry up, or we’ll miss the flight.‎ ‎ --- ____. There’s plenty of time left.‎ ‎ A. All right. B. Take care. C. Take it easy. D. Go ahead.‎ ‎22. It doesn’t matter ___you turn right or left at the crossing---both roads lead to the park.‎ ‎ A. whether B. how C. if D. when ‎23. --- Can I take the dog for a walk, Mom? ‎ ‎ --- Yes,____ you’re home for dinner.‎ ‎ A .so that B. so long as C. as soon as D. now that ‎24. We’d like to know the reason ____Jane didn’t accept the job.‎ ‎ A. when B. how C. which D. why ‎25. If I ___a car, I wouldn’t have to take a bus to work every day.‎ ‎ A. have B. have had C. had D. would have ‎26. --- I’m going to Shanghai tomorrow morning. ‎ ‎ --- What a ____! I’m going there too.‎ ‎ A. conclusion B. contribution C. coincidence D. convenience ‎27. ____for not arriving on time, Sara was in low spirits.‎ ‎ A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. Having blamed ‎28. --- Must you play the guitar so loudly? I can hardly ___my book.‎ ‎--- I’m sorry. I didn’t know you were reading.‎ A. pay attention to B. concentrate on C. rely on D. catch sight of .‎ ‎ 29. As ____ journalist, she has always had ___nose for a good story.‎ ‎ A. /; a B. a; the C. /; the D. a; a ‎ 30. Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints ____.‎ ‎ A. were handled B. handled C. are handled D. handle ‎ 31. I picked some roses and only then ___my mother’s favorite vase was missing.‎ ‎ A. noticed B. I noticed C. did I notice D. I did notice ‎32. --- I’m sorry. I ___ at you the other day.‎ ‎ --- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.‎ ‎ A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’ t have shouted C. mustn’t shout ‎ ‎ D. mustn’t have shouted ‎ ‎33. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ‎____visit‎ ‎Mt.‎ Lion this winter holiday.‎ ‎ A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to ‎34. It was along the Mississippi River____ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.‎ ‎ A. how B. which C. that D. where ‎ ‎35. My mother always gets a bit ___ if we don’t arrive on time when we say we will.‎ ‎ A. anxious B. excited C. cautious D. discouraged ‎ ‎ ‎ 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给旳四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并填在答题卡上.‎ ‎ One day when government officials were rebuilding a barn (谷仓 ),they found a mouse ＿36 and used smoke to force the mice inside the hole to come out. A while later they saw mice running out ,one after＿37＿.‎ ‎ Then, everyone thought that all the mice had ＿38 . But just as they were about to start to ＿39 , they saw two mice coming out of the exit of the hole. With ＿40, the mice finally got out. The strange thing was that ＿41 they came out of the hole, they did not run away immediately. ＿42 , one chased after the other near the exit of the hole. It seemed that one was trying to ＿43 the tail of the other.‎ ‎ Everyone was ＿44 , so they stepped closer to take a look. They realized that one of the mice was ＿45, and the other one was trying to allow the blind mouse to bite ＿46 his tail so he could pull the blind one with him to escape.‎ ‎ After witnessing what happened, everyone was speechless and ＿47 in thought. They started to chat about what happened to the two mice. One serious Rome official said, “ I think the ＿48 ‎ between those two mice was that of emperor and minister,” The others thought for a while and said, “ That was ＿49 !”‎ ‎ A smart Israeli said, “I think they are husband and wife.” Again the others felt it made ＿50＿; so they agreed with him. A Chinese, who was ＿51 to the firm tradition of loyalty to ＿52, said, “I think they must ‎ be mother and son.” Once again the others felt this was more ＿53 .‎ ‎ At that moment, one pure-minded Samaritan who was sitting on the ground, said “ Why did those mice have to have a＿54 relationship?”‎ ‎ Shocked, the group looked back at the Samaritan(撒玛利亚人) .The Rome official, the Israeli and the Chinese who had＿55 earlier all lowed their heads in shame.‎ ‎ In fact, true love is not established on benefit friendship and loyalty or blood relationship. Instead, it is based on no relationship.‎ ‎36. A. tail B. hole C. couple D. family ‎37. A. another B. others C. other D. each other ‎38. A. escaped B. died C. disappeared D. lost ‎39. A. clean out B. clean off C. clean away D. clean up ‎40. A. love B. courage C. difficulty D. strength ‎41. A. after B. before C. while D. as ‎42. A. However B. Instead C. Though D. Thus ‎43. A. catch B. bite C. seize D. hit ‎44. A. present B. strange C. puzzled D. annoyed ‎45. A. blind B. weak C. dead D. mad ‎46. A. in B. at C. to D. on ‎47. A. missed B. dropped C. lost D. sunk ‎48. A. friendship B. tail C. relationship D. story ‎49. A. how B. what C. when D. why ‎50. A. sense B. meaning C. use D. answer ‎51. A. agreed B. addicted C. devoted D. accustomed ‎52. A. family B. parents C. home D. son ‎53. A. right B. agreeable C. traditional D. reasonable ‎54. A. strong B. good C. certain D. blood ‎55. A. quarreled B. spoken C. talked D. said 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ ‎ 第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从短文后所给各项旳四个选项中，选出最佳选项.‎ A.‎ ‎ A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she ‎ hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully(轻蔑地), he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day.‎ ‎ She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.‎ ‎ 56. The assistant refused to help the woman because he_______.‎ ‎ A. didn’t approve of the way she was dressed ‎ ‎ B. approve of the way she was dressed ‎ C. like the way she was dressed ‎ ‎ D. noticed the way she was dressed ‎ 57. The woman got her revenge (报复)by ________.‎ ‎ A. buying a dress ‎ ‎ B. putting the assistant to a lot of trouble ‎ C. complaining to the manager ‎ ‎ D. asking for something in the window ‎58. From the second paragraph, we can infer that the woman ______.‎ ‎ A. bought the dress she had first asked for ‎ B. punished the assistant by accident ‎ C. didn’t buy any dress at all ‎ ‎ D. said good-bye to the impolite assistant ‎59. The probable meaning of the underlined word is_______.‎ ‎ A. speaking out B. pointing out C. finding out D. turning out B.‎ ‎ Welcome to Holidays in the ‎UK Canal Holidays in the ‎UK ‎ Hire a narrow boat and cruise beautiful canals in England, Wales and Ireland. Take a route in Wales or perhaps explore the canals of Birmingham—thought to have more waterways than Venice. While cruising the Pennines, take a city centre break in London. The guide’s detailed description will deepen your impression.‎ Boating Holidays in the UK and ‎Ireland ‎ Hire a cruise on the famous Norfolk Broads or historic River Thames, UK boating holidays stared on the Norfolk Broads, and this area of rivers and waterways is probably the UK’s leading boating region with a wide variety of nature and wildlife. The Royal River Thames from London to Oxford is superb boating holiday location, with sights such as Windsor Castle and riverside towns like Henley. Safety ensured with the experienced guides. Book online or call us for specialist advice.‎ Contours Walking Holidays ‎ Contours Walking Holidays offer an extensive range of self-led walking holidays, short breaks and mostly on weekends throughout Britain from Cornwall in the far south to the Highlands of Scotland in the far north. Luggage transport is included and night stops at comfortable family-run ‎ hotels, country inns, farmhouse beds and breakfasts. ‎ Rough Tracks ‎ Road cycling, mountain biking and tailor-made cycling holiday tours offer you the perfect way to experience the thrill of biking in beautiful, unspoiled settings. Of course, whether you’re just beginning, looking to improve or already an expert, your biking skills and confidence will progress rapidly with the help of our experienced guides. The atmosphere is relaxing, the food and wine superb, the company friendly—and we can carry the luggage! Remember all our trips are sociable holidays, not endurance competition!‎ ‎ 60. For those who want to take a non-guided holiday, they will choose______.‎ ‎ A. Canal Holidays in the UK. ‎ ‎ B. Contours Walking Holidays ‎ C. Boating Holidays in the UK and Ireland ‎ ‎ D. Rough Tracks ‎ 61. For those who cruise the Pennines, they can _______.‎ ‎ A. enjoy the beautiful countryside scenery. ‎ ‎ B. enjoy almost all the canals in the UK.‎ ‎ C. stay in the centre of London for a short time. ‎ ‎ D. can be taken to Venice along the waterway.‎ ‎ 62. If you take a Contours Walking Holiday, ______.‎ ‎ A. you are not allowed to bring any personal luggage ‎ B. you are unlikely to stay in a big hotel in the city ‎ C. you will have to bear the cold and loneliness on the road ‎ ‎ D. you can only arrange it at the weekends ‎ 63. Rough Tracks are meant to _______.‎ ‎ A. build up the cyclists’ competitive spirit ‎ ‎ B. show off the cyclists’ cycling skills ‎ C. offer cyclists a chance to enjoy delicious food ‎ D. offer cyclists a chance to get fun in a natural environment C.‎ ‎ Do you know Australia? Australia is the largest island in the world. It is a little smaller than China. It is in the south of the earth. Australia is big, but its population is not large. The population of Australia is nearly as large as that of Shanghai.‎ ‎ The government has made enough laws to fight pollution. The cities in Australia have got little air or water pollution. The sky is blue and the water is clean. You can clearly see fish swimming in the rivers. Plants grow very well.‎ ‎ Last month we visited Perth, the biggest city in Western Australia, and went to a wild flowers’ exhibition. There we saw a large number of wild flowers we had never seen before. We had a wonderful time. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers. In spring every year Perth has the wild flowers’ exhibition. After visiting Perth, we spent the day in the countryside. We sat down and had a rest near a path at the foot of the hill. It was quiet and we enjoyed ourselves. Suddenly we heard bells ringing at the top of the hill. What we saw made us pick up all our things and run back to the car as quickly as we could. There were about three hundred sheep coming towards us down the path.‎ ‎ Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos. After a short drive ‎ from any town, you will find yourself in the middle of white sheep. Sheep, sheep, everywhere are sheep.‎ ‎ 64. Australia is ______.‎ ‎ A. the largest country in the world ‎ ‎ B. as large as ‎Shanghai ‎ C. not as large as China ‎ D. the largest island in the north of the earth ‎ 65. The government had made _____.‎ ‎ A. too enough laws to fight pollution ‎ ‎ B. so many laws that it can fight pollution ‎ C. enough laws that it can hardly fight pollution ‎ D. enough laws because the pollution is very serious ‎ 66. Which of the following is NOT true?‎ ‎ A. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers.‎ ‎ B. Perth is bigger than any other city in Western Australia.‎ ‎ C. Perth lies in the west of Australia. ‎ ‎ D. No other city is larger than Perth in Australia.‎ ‎67. In Perth you may visit a wild flowers’ show in _____.‎ ‎ A. October B. January C. March D. July ‎ D.‎ ‎ Kobe Bryant wore No.24 when he was in early high school, but he changed to No.33 in his senior year. He switched to No.8 when he was selected by the Lakers in 1996, and did not change it until 2006.‎ ‎ There are all kinds of speculations ( 猜测 ) about why he chose No.24. Many say that Bryant wants to leave the past behind and have a fresh start. He has often been criticized for playing to benefit himself and not the team as a whole. Others say that he may be trying to compare himself to Michael Jordan. Jordan was famous for his No.23 jersey. Some, such as NBC Sport columnist Michael Ventre, argue that it is “all about money.” Bryant will make more money by selling new jersey to his fans.‎ ‎ Some speculations are more about fun. For example, there is an opinion that Kobe is actually just a diehard fan of the population TV drama “24”.‎ ‎ It seems that there is a lot of fuss(小题大做 ) over something that should be pretty simple. When he was interviewed in Beijing, Bryant said that the reason he changed his jersey number was to urge himself to work hard 24 hours a day.‎ ‎ Jersey numbers have their own special significance in American sports, especially basketball.‎ Players choose their number when they join a team and they usually stick with that number for the rest of their career. When a great player retires, his team will honor him by retiring his number. ‎ ‎ 68. Bryant plays for ______.‎ ‎ A. The Los Angeles Lakers. B. The Houston Rockets. C. The Chicago Bulls. ‎ ‎ D. The Miami Heats ‎ ‎ 69. Bryant wore No.8 ______.‎ ‎ A. for two years and a half B. for ten years C. since he entered high school ‎ ‎ D. since he left high school ‎ 70. What can we learn from the last paragraph?‎ ‎ A. When a great player retires, his team will reward him with a lot of money.‎ ‎ B. A lucky number will be passed on to a new player.‎ ‎ C. An outstanding player’s jersey number won’t be used after his retirement.‎ ‎ D. A great player often changes his jersey number in the same team. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后旳选项中选出能填入空白处旳最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.‎ ‎ Stress out?‎ ‎ Your schedule is packed with classes, homework, youth groups, hobbies, families and friends._71.______. You might also be dealing with a relationship or family conflict. Sometimes it’s just too much to handle, and stress moves slowly into your life. Here are some ideas to help you balance your life and reduce stress.‎ ‎ 72. ‎ Certain practices can reduce stress hormones (荷尔蒙). These include remaining in a silent state and listening to music you find calming.‎ Dr. Kathleen Hall, founder of the Stress Institute, also recommends using positive affirmations (肯定): “Repeating a positive affirmation when you are stressed reduces the production of stress hormones. Create an affirmation you love, such as, ‘I am strong; I am in control; everything has a purpose.’ ”‎ Interact (互相沟通)‎ ‎ Sometimes when we’re stressed, we want to separate ourselves from others. 73. This could mean just hanging out with a friend or getting involved in a group.‎ Exercise ‎ Sports are a great way to reduce stress. 74.___Try different physical activities until you find one you enjoy: swimming, biking, hiking, ect.‎ ‎75._____‎ ‎ What you eat have a big influence on how you feel. To cut down on stress, always start your day with breakfast. Also, eat more fish and nuts, and vitamin B6, found in bananas, turkey, brown rice and sweet potatoes.‎ ‎ A. Eat healthily ‎ ‎ B. Relax your mind and body ‎ C. Positively involve yourself in society ‎ D. And team sports aren’t the only way to reduce it.‎ ‎ E. We don’t share it with others and always shoulder it on our own.‎ ‎ F. And being busy probably isn’t the only thing going on in your life.‎ ‎ G. However, connecting with people who matter to us can help us reduce stress.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 第二卷（共35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写旳以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处.每处错误涉及一个单词旳增加、删除或修改.‎ ‎ 增加：在缺词处加一漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加旳词.‎ ‎ 删除：把多余旳词用斜线（）划掉.‎ ‎ 修改：在错旳词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后旳词. ‎ ‎ 注意：1、每处错误及修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2、 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分.‎ ‎ Dear Ken,‎ ‎ I am exciting to learn that you are coming to Beijing for the Olympics. Both my parent miss you a lot. So do our friend, Cathy. August is the best time of the year to visit Beijing, because of there is only a few rain and the weather is neither too hot nor too cold. ‎ There are so many places I want to take you to after I finish my work like a volunteer. When you come, you can stay with ourselves. My house is about three kilometers far away from the National Stadium, also known as the “Bird’s Nest”, where open ceremony will be held. ‎ ‎ Best regards.‎ ‎ Janet 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） ‎ ‎ 假设你是我校高二年级旳学生李明，得知《英语周报》社招聘学生记者，你 有意应聘，请根据以下要点给报社写一封自荐信.‎ ‎ （1）表示感兴趣 ‎ ( 2) 说明优势：知识面、英语水平、团队精神、相关经历 ‎ （3）希望得到回复 注意：（1）词数100左右 ‎ （2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.‎ Dear Sir/Madam,‎ ‎ I am …‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours faithfully,‎ ‎ Li Ming ‎ 武定一中2012-2013学年高二上学期英语期末考试参考答案 四、阅读 （40分，每题2分）‎ 阅读一(30分)‎ ‎56---59 AＢAＣ 60---63 B C B D ‎ ‎ 64---67 C B D C 68---70 A B C ‎ 阅读二 （10分） 71. F 72. B 73. G 74. D 75 .A 五、短文改错（ 10分，每题一分）‎ ‎ ‎ 一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一 一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一