北京市东城区2019-2020学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题

北京市东城区2019-2020学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题

北京市东城区2019-2020 学年上学期高二年级期末教学 统一检测英语试卷 本试卷共85分。考试时长90分钟。‎ 一、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分,共10分)‎ A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Born in 1930, Yuan Longping____1____(graduate) from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world___2___grew rice with a high output. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice____3____(produce) in China each year is from this hybrid strain.‎ ‎【答案】1. graduated ‎ ‎2. who/that ‎ ‎3. produced ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了袁隆平对于中国农业的杰出贡献—高产杂交水稻的研究。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意：袁隆平1930年出生，1953年毕业于西南农学院。分析可知，所填空应是句中谓语，结合时间状语“in ‎1953”‎，应是一般过去时。故填graduated。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：1973年，他成为世界上第一个种植高产水稻的农业先驱。分析可知，“__2___grew rice with a high output”应是之前名词“the first agricultural pioneer”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查非谓语。句意：现在中国每年60%以上的水稻都是这种杂交品种。分析可知，“____3____(produce) in China each year”应是之前名词短语“more than 60% of the rice”的后置定语，动词与其之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填produced。‎ ‎【点睛】语法填空题之非谓语判断 当所给动词为动词时，除了考虑填写谓语，还要考虑是否为非谓语。这时，句中已经存在谓语，所填动词考虑作定语和状语成分居多，下一步确定为主动关系还是被动关系，即选择现在分词形式还是过去分词形式。比如文章第3小题：‎ Now more than 60% of the rice ____3____ (produce) in China each year is from this hybrid strain.‎ 分析可知，句中已经存在谓语is, 提供动词produce在名词之后，作后置定语，且为被动关系，应用过去分词做后置定语，故答案为produced。‎ B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ The skin is an essential part of your body and the___4___ (large) organ of it. You have three layers of skin___5___act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool it prevents your body from___6___(lose) too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.‎ ‎【答案】4. largest ‎ ‎5. which/that ‎ ‎6. losing ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了皮肤对于人体的功能。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查形容词最高级。句意：皮肤是人体的重要组成部分，也是人体最大的器官。分析可知，句中的“it”指代身体，因此这里应是指皮肤是人体最大的组织，应用最高级形式。故填largest。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：你的皮肤有三层，作为抵御疾病、毒物和太阳有害射线的屏障。分析可知，“___2___act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays”为之前名词“three layers of skin”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查非谓语。句意：皮肤的功能也很复杂:它能使你保持温暖或凉爽;‎ 它能防止你的身体流失过多的水分;它是你感到冷、热或疼痛的地方，它给你触觉。prevent sb/sth from doing，固定结构，意为“阻止某事发生”。故填losing。‎ C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Think about how much time you spent outside last week. Really “outside.”___7___ (walk) from the car into the classroom doesn't count. Now think about how much time you spent indoors—playing video games on the Internet or watching TV. Kids spend two fewer hours per week ___8___sports and outdoor____9____(activity) in the early 2010s than the kids did in the early 1990s. Some kids are staying inside because it's difficult to find a place to go. All kinds of areas are off-limits to tweens and teens. Even when space is available, personal ____10____ (safe) is an issue.‎ ‎【答案】7. Walking ‎ ‎8. on 9. activities ‎ ‎10. safety ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了包括成年人和儿童在内的大部分人的户外活动时间较少，其原因在于成年人会呆在电脑前或电视前，儿童会由于活动空间有限或安全因素而少出门。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查动名词。句意：从车里走到教室不算。分析可知，所填空应是句子主语，动名词作主语。故填Walking。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：2010年代初，孩子们每周花在体育和户外活动上的时间比90年代初少了两个小时。spend time on sth, 固定结构，意为“花时间在某事上”。故填on。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查名词复数。句意：2010年代初，孩子们每周花在体育和户外活动上的时间比90年代初少了两个小时。activity为可数名词，分析可知，所填空应是名词复数形式，与前文“sports”为并列结构。故填activities。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：即使有空间，个人安全也是个问题。可知，personal 为形容词，意为“私人的；个人的”，因此所填空应是名词。所给词，safe，形容词，“安全的”，其名词形式为safety。故填safety。‎ 二、完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，共20分)‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎“If you could have any three things, what would you___11___?"‎ Eleven-year-old Ruby Chitsey loves asking that question. Even more___12___, she then sets out to realize someone's_____13_____.‎ Ruby has long been close to older people. Her mother, Amanda Chitsey, is a nurse at a nursing home in Harrison. Ruby often____14____her at work after school. “So I feel free to go up to them and ask ___15___ they need anything," she says.‎ Last May, Ruby noticed a resident (居住者) named Pearl staring out of a window. She seemed ___16___ . “What are you looking at? Ruby asked. Pearl, her eyes filling with tears, said she was watching her____17____being led away by his new owner. Pearl didn't know when she would see him again.‎ Ruby learnt that Pearl didn't have enough to pay anyone to____18____ her pet at the nursing home. Ruby and Amanda also asked around and___19___ that many nursing home residents are unable to ___20___ even the smallest luxuries (奢侈品). So Ruby ___21___ to do something about it.‎ She started by asking residents what three things they wanted most in the world. Amanda____22____that they would ask for cars, houses and other things an 11-year-old wouldn't be able to provide. ___23___, they asked for chocolate bars, McDonald's fries, and even just pants that fit properly.‎ ‎“It broke me as a human," Amanda says. “We left the nursing home that day and went straight____24____a store and bought as many items as we could."‎ Using their own money, the Chitseys granted the wishes of about 100 people in three months. Then they started asking for____25____.‎ People of Harrison responded ___26___ so much, so that Amanda set up a GoFundMe page, Three Wishes for Ruby 's Residents, hoping to collect $5,000. They___27___ their goal in a month. After GoFundMe named Ruby a Kid Hero and___28___her story internationally this past January,‎ ‎ Three Wishes raised $‎20,000 in 24 hours and more than $‎250,000 in five months.‎ Earlier this year, Three Wishes for Ruby 's Residents launched its first nationwide branch. One of its new____29____ is to set up a communal laptop (平台) in each state. Ruby doesn't plan to stop there. “I consider____30____ to be my hobby,” she says, “and I'm very good at it."‎ ‎11. A. want B. make C. use D. offer ‎12. A. entertaining B. amazing C. convincing D. attracting ‎13. A. wishes B. promises C. plans D. influences ‎14. A. asks B. calls C. visits D. attends ‎15. A. if B. what C. that D. how ‎16. A. angry B. sad C. bored D. sick ‎17. A. nurse B. car C. dog D. grandson ‎18. A. look into B. look at C. look for D. look after ‎19. A. suspected B. added C. predicted D. discovered ‎20. A. accept B. approach C. afford D. appreciate ‎21. A. remembered B. decided C. regretted D. announced ‎22. A. explained B. concluded C. observed D. worried ‎23. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Instead D. Besides ‎24. A. across B. at C. on D. to ‎25. A. donations B. praises C. instruction D. comfort ‎26. A. peacefully B. gratefully C. enthusiastically D. naturally ‎27 A‎. changed B. set C. hit D. kept ‎28. A. spread B. created C. finished D. heard ‎29. A. chances B. goals C. battles D. lessons ‎30. A. bravery B. calmness C. optimism D. kindness ‎【答案】11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. D 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个乐于助人的11岁的小女孩—Ruby Chitsey的故事。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你可以拥有三样东西，你想要什么? A. want想要；B. make使让；制作；C. use使用；D. offer提供。根据句意和语境可知，所填动词应是表达“想要三件东西”，A项符合句意。故选A项。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更令人惊奇的是，她开始去实现别人的愿望。 A. entertaining令人愉快的；B. amazing震惊的；C. convincing令人信服的；D. attracting吸引人的。根据前文可知，Ruby Chitsey只有11岁，因此她的行为很令人震惊。故选B项。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：更令人惊奇的是，她开始帮助别人实现愿望。 A. wishes愿望；B. promises承诺；C. plans计划；D. influences影响。分析可知，realize意为“实现”，结合句意可知，“实现愿望（wishes）”，符合句意表达。根据下文“Using their own money, the Chitseys granted the wishes of about 100 people in three months. ”可知，她开始帮助别人实现愿望。故选A项。‎ ‎14题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ruby经常放学后去看她工作。A. asks询问；B. calls呼叫；打电话给；C. visits拜访；参观；D. attends参加；出席。根据前文“Her mother, Amanda Chitsey, is a nurse at a nursing home in Harrison.”可知，她的妈妈在老人院工作，Ruby放学后经常去老人院看（visit）妈妈工作。故选C项。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查连接词辨析。句意：所以我可以自由地走到他们面前，问他们是否需要什么。 A. if如果；是否；B. what什么；C. that那个；以至于；D. how怎样；如何。分析可知，___5___ they ‎ need anything为宾语从句，从句中结构完整，结合之前动词ask可知，应是询问是否需要。故选A项。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她看起来很伤心。A. angry生气的；B. sad伤心的；C. bored无聊的；D. sick生病的。根据后文“her eyes filling with tears”可知，她看起来很伤心（sad）。故选B项。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pearl的眼睛里充满了泪水，她说她正看着她的狗被它的新主人牵走。A. nurse护士；B. car汽车；C. dog狗；D. grandson孙子。根据后文“being led away by his new owner”可知，被新主人带走的应是“狗”。故选C项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查动词词组辨析。句意：Ruby得知Pearl没有足够的钱请人在疗养院照顾她的宠物。A. look into调查；B. look at 看一下；C. look for寻找；D. look after照顾；照看。根据后文的宾语“her pet”可知，所选动词应是“照顾（look after）”。故选D项。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ruby和Amanda也四处打听，发现许多养老院的住户连最小的奢侈品都买不起。A. suspected怀疑；B. added增加；C. predicted预测；D. discovered发现；发觉。根据前文“Ruby and Amanda also asked around”可知，她们询问过后得知后面的内容。选项D discovered 用在句中表达“发觉；发现”含义，符合语境。故须D项。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ruby和Amanda也四处打听，发现许多养老院的住户连最小的奢侈品都买不起。A. accept接受；B. approach接近；C. afford负担得起；承担得起；D. appreciate欣赏；感激。根据下文“Three Wishes for Ruby 's Residents, hoping to collect $‎5,000”‎可知，很多住在老人院的人买不起最小的奢侈品。所以才为他们筹款。故选C项。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以Ruby决定做点什么。A. remembered记得；记住；B. decided决定；C. regretted后悔；遗憾；D. announced宣布。由下文可知，Ruby为养老院的老人做了很多事情，所以本句表示Ruby决定做点什么。故选B项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Amanda担心他们会索要一个11‎ 岁孩子无法提供的汽车、房子和其他东西。A. explained解释；B. concluded得出结论；C. observed观察；D. worried担心；担忧。根据后文“an 11-year-old wouldn't be able to provide”可知，这里Amanda对大家可能提出的要求有所担忧。故选D项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们要的是巧克力棒、麦当劳薯条，甚至是合身的裤子。A. Otherwise否则；要不然；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead然而；D. Besides此外；而且。结合句意和语境可知，人们要求的东西与Amanda的担忧不一样，前后句为转折关系。故选C项。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查介词词义辨析。句意：“那天我们离开了养老院，直接去了一家商店，买了尽可能多的东西。”A. across 穿过；B. at在（时刻）；C. on在…… 上面；D. to朝向。根据空后“a store”为目的地，应表达“直接走向”。故选D项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他们开始要求捐款。A. donations捐赠；B. praises赞扬；C. instruction指导；说明；D. comfort安慰。根据后文“collect；raise”可知，这里应是寻求“捐赠”。故选A项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：哈里森市的人们热情响应，Amanda建了一个GoFundMe网页，上面写着“给鲁比市居民的三个愿望”，希望能募集到5000美元。A. peacefully和平地；B. gratefully感激地；C. enthusiastically热情地；D. naturally自然地。根据后文“so much”可知，人们对于她发起的捐赠活动很有热情。故选C项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在一个月内达到了目标。A. changed改变；B. set设立；建立；C. hit达到；击中；D. kept保持；保存。根据下文“Three Wishes raised $‎20,000 in 24 hours and more than $‎250,000 in five months.”可知，她们达成了目标。故选C项。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年1月，GoFundMe将Ruby命名为“小英雄”，并将她的故事传遍全球，此后，Three Wishes在24小时内筹集了2万美元，5个月内筹集了25万多美元。A. spread使扩散; 扩散; 传播；B. created创造；C. finished结束；完成；D. heard听说。结合后文宾语“her story”以及副词“internationally”可知，应是将她的故事传播开来。故选A 项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的新目标之一是在每个州建立一个公共的平台。A. chances机会；B. goals目标；C. battles战役；D. lessons教训；课程。根据“ to set up a communal laptop (平台) in each state.”可知，在每个州设置一个平台是它的目标之一。故选B项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我认为善良是我的爱好，”她说，“我很擅长它。”A. bravery勇敢；B. calmness冷静；C. optimism乐观主义；D. kindness善良；好心。结合文章主旨主要讲述了Ruby是一个乐于帮助别人的人，因此选项D“kindness” 符合主旨。故选D项。‎ 三、阅读理解(共三节，35分)‎ 第一节(共10小题;每小题2分,共20分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Get a taste of the amazing world of engineering Do you want to help shape the future of everything from entertainment and transport to sport and the environment? Then you might want to think about the fascinating world of engineering. Tomorrow's Engineers Week is running 4-8 February 2020, and is the perfect time to get an idea of what engineering is all about.‎ Engineers are the people who use scientific knowledge, ranging from long-established scientific laws to cutting-edge discoveries, to solve problems and improve life for all of us. Tomorrow's Engineers Week aims to get young people interested in this exciting career. It also wants to change the way we think about engineers.‎ One place to find out more about engineers is the website thisisengineering.org.uk, where you can meet 16 young engineers with amazing and different jobs. There's Halvard, who builds farm ‎ robots; and Olivia, who uses her chemical engineering skills to create soaps and shampoos kind to the skin and the environment. Alice digs train tunnels deep underground. Michelle builds rides. As a child, she loved these thrilling rides. At the age of 14, she attended a lecture on roller coaster design, and then she realized that engineering was a great way to turn her passion into her career.‎ If you want to meet some inspirational engineers, ask if your school has signed up to take part in the Big Assembly (大型集会) on 6 February. Don't worry if not, though, you can check it out yourself afterwards on the tomorrowsengineers.org.uk website.‎ ‎31. The goal of Tomorrow's Engineers Week is to________.‎ A. introduce young engineers B. announce the latest discoveries C. show the future work of engineers D. attract the youth' s interest in engineering ‎32. Which of the engineers fancies building roller coasters?‎ A. Halvard. B. Olivia.‎ C. Alice. D. Michelle.‎ ‎33. What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A. To explain what engineering is all about.‎ B. To advertise Tomorrow's Engineers Week.‎ C. To encourage schools to sign up for an assembly.‎ D. To introduce the website thisisengineering.org.uk.‎ ‎【答案】31. D 32. D 33. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Tomorrow's Engineers Week这一活动，并鼓励学生积极参加。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Tomorrow's Engineers Week aims to get young people interested in this exciting career.( 明天的工程师周这个项目旨在让年轻人对这个令人兴奋的职业感兴趣。)”可知，明日工程师周项目的目的在于吸引年轻人对这个职业的兴趣。故选D项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第三段末尾内容“Michelle builds rides. As a child, she loved these thrilling rides. At the age of 14, she attended a lecture on roller coaster design, and then she realized that engineering was a great way to turn her passion into her career.( 米歇尔设计飞车项目。当她还是个孩子的时候，她就喜欢这些刺激的游乐设施。14岁时，她参加了一场关于过山车设计的讲座，然后她意识到，工程学是把她的热情转化为事业的好方法。)”可知，Michelle设计了过山车。故选D项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章末尾内容“If you want to meet some inspirational engineers, ask if your school has signed up to take part in the Big Assembly on 6 February. Don't worry if not, though, you can check it out yourself afterwards on the tomorrowsengineers.org.uk website(如果你想见到一些鼓舞人心的工程师，问问你的学校是否已经报名参加‎2月6日的大会。如果没有，也不用担心，你可以在tomorrowsenginees.org.uk网站上查看)”由此判断出，本文的目的是鼓励参加这个活动。故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】细节理解题 考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。事实细节题可选用寻读法。比如文章第1小题：‎ The goal of Tomorrow's Engineers Week is to________.‎ A．introduce young engineers B．announce the latest discoveries C．show the future work of engineers D．attract the youth' s interest in engineering 根据题干进行寻读，定位到文章第二段内容原句“Tomorrow's Engineers Week aims to get young people interested in this exciting career.”，与选项进行对比选择，D项“attract the youth' s interest in engineering”与原文“get young people interested in this exciting career”为同义表达。因此D项为答案。‎ B During his school's “College Colours Day”, a fourth-grade boy in Florida, who dreams to become a student of the University of Tennessee, wanted to wear a shirt of the university, but he ‎ didn't have one. His teacher, Laura Snyder, suggested that he should wear an orange shirt to show his spirit.‎ When the day finally arrived, the boy was so excited to show his shirt-an orange one with a piece of paper attached to it, on which was his homemade design of the UT logo.‎ But by lunch time, the spirited fan was in tears. Some girls bullied (霸凌) him and made fun of his design that he had pinned to his shirt. Back to Snyder 's room, he put his head on desk and was crying, devastated.‎ In hopes of raising the boy's spirits, Snyder planned on buying him an official University of Tennessee T-shirt, and asked friends online if they had contacts with the university who could “make it a little extra special for him.”‎ The post immediately went viral and Snyder was contacted by the University of Tennessee informing her that they wanted to send the boy a care package of swag and apparel(服装) in support of him The story, however, didn't end here. The University of Tennessee said it was turning his “U.T.” design into an official T-shirt and had pre-sold more than 50,000 shirts online. The university won't profit from the shirts: It is donating the money to a charity dedicated to (致力于) getting rid of bullying of all forms.‎ ‎“When I told him that his design was being made into a real shirt and people wanted to wear it, his jaw dropped," said Snyder. “He had a big smile on his face, walked taller, and I could tell his confidence grew!”‎ In recognition of the fourth-grader's spirit, the university has also extended an offer of honorary admission for him to join the Class of 2032. In addition, he has been awarded a four-year scholarship if he decides to attend UT in 2028 and meets admission requirements.‎ ‎34. How did the boy react to his school's “College Colours Day”?‎ A. He prepared for it with a creative design.‎ B. He dreamed of winning a prize on the day.‎ C. He was afraid of being laughed at on the day.‎ D. He was shy of joining it without a university shirt.‎ ‎35. How did the boy probably feel after lunch on the “College Colour Day”?‎ A. Excited and thankful. B. Confident and happy.‎ C. Shocked and sad. D. Nervous and worried.‎ ‎36. What Snyder did for the boy shows that _________.‎ A. a strong will is vital to success B. a promise will change one's life C. the youth should be treated equally D. caring love can make a big difference ‎【答案】34. A 35. C 36. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个男孩在“大学颜色日”这一天精心设计的衬衫受到了嘲笑，反而在Snyder关心和大学校方的帮助下，使这件精心设计的衬衫被制成一件真正的衬衫，这使得这个男孩感到了关爱，建立了自信，同时这所大学答应如果这个男孩考取了这所大学，将给与奖学金。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“When the day finally arrived, the boy was so excited to show his shirt-an orange one with a piece of paper attached to it, on which was his homemade design of the UT logo.( 当这一天终于到来的时候，男孩非常兴奋地展示了他的衬衫——一件橙色的衬衫，上面贴着一张纸，上面是他自己设计的UT标志。)”可知，对于他的学校的“大学颜色日”，这个男孩准备了一件很有创意的衬衫。故选A 项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“But by lunch time, the spirited fan was in tears. Some girls bullied him and made fun of his design that he had pinned to his shirt. Back to Snyder 's room, he put his head on desk and was crying, devastated.( ‎ 但是到了午餐时间，这个精神饱满的粉丝已经哭了。一些女孩欺负他，取笑他在衬衫上的设计。回到斯奈德的房间，他把头靠在桌子上哭了起来，悲痛欲绝。)”可知，午餐过后，这个男孩受到了欺负和嘲笑，这个男孩很受惊，感到很伤心。故选C项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段内容：“When I told him that his design was being made into a real shirt and people wanted to wear it, his jaw dropped," said Snyder. “He had a big smile on his face, walked taller, and I could tell his confidence grew!”(“当我告诉他，他的设计正被制成一件真正的衬衫，人们想穿它时，他大吃一惊，”斯奈德说。“他脸上带着大大的微笑，走得更高了，我可以看出他的信心在增长!”)可知，由此判断出，Snyder为这个男孩所做的一切表明，关爱可以带来很大的改变。故选D项。‎ C To be clear, plastic bags are rightly thought of as a threat that's harmful to human health. According to the National Resources Defense Council, over a decade ago, the average American family took home almost 1,500 plastic shopping bags a year, filling our cabinets, kitchen drawers, and landfills (垃圾填埋场). Today the numbers are slightly better: According to National Geographic, as of 2018, shoppers in the United States use almost one plastic bag per resident per day.‎ This is not a story on the evil of plastics, but on whether the reusable bag can justify its existence. Although more environmentally friendly than traditional single-use plastic bags, reusable bags, depending on what they are made of, are more energy-intensive (耗能) to recycle.‎ According to a report by the United Nations Environment Program, “depending on what they are made of, reusable bags might have to be deconstructed in a costly recycling process to separate the different materials. As a result, in many cases, reusable bags are not recycled." That means despite the best intentions, millions of reusable bags designed to replace the need for traditional plastic shopping bags, will also end up in landfills.‎ Another point to consider, not all reusable bags are equal in terms of their recyclability. There are a wide range of reusable bag options on the market, and reusable bags tend to be made of more than one material to give the bag added reinforcement (耐用) and added street fashion. On a life cycle basis, stronger, heavier bags-no matter what material they are made of-will have a more severe environmental effect. That's because heavier bags use more resources to produce as well as distribute.‎ Just like plastic bags did, reusable bags multiply rapidly. Used for promotional (促销的)purposes and marketing of all kinds, reusable bags' growing popularity means bags that have been used very little (or not at all) can be found piled in streets, in garbage cans in city parks, and basically everywhere. Therefore, consumers have come to see them as disposable, defeating their very purpose.‎ In the end, the best practice for reusable bags is to have no half measures: Either use them all the time or don't use them at all. Using a reusable bag once or twice, and then throwing it away, doesn't do the environment any favors.‎ ‎37. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Plastic bags are refused by environmentalists.‎ B. Shops in America have limited the use of plastic bags.‎ C. The need of strong and fashionable reusable bags is more than the supply.‎ D. Reusable bags demand more resources to produce and recycle than expected.‎ ‎38. The words “very purpose" in Paragraph 6 refer to the intention of __________.‎ A. being left in landfills B. being used as much as possible C. replacing plastic bags D. promoting goods on the market ‎39. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. How to Recycle Reusable Bags B. Disadvantages of Plastic Bags C. Reusable Bags? Think Twice!‎ D. Plastic Bags, Less Popular?‎ ‎40. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?‎ I: Introduction CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion A. B. ‎ C. D. ‎ ‎【答案】37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了可重复使用的袋子虽然受到了普及欢迎，但由于使用不当和错误地将其随意丢弃而没有重复使用，导致其命运和塑料袋无异，反而在生产和回收方面会更耗能，作者总结在使用可重复使用的袋子时，要三思其目的—可重复使用才能环保。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第二段末尾句内容“Although more environmentally friendly than traditional single-use plastic bags, reusable bags, depending on what they are made of, are more energy-intensive to recycle.( 虽然环保袋比传统的单次使用的塑胶袋更环保，但可再用的塑胶袋，视乎它们的成分而定，在循环使用上更耗能。)”以及文章第三段内容：According to a report by the United Nations Environment Program, “depending on what they are made of, reusable bags might have to be deconstructed in a costly recycling process to separate the different materials. As a result, in many cases, reusable bags are not recycled."( 根据联合国环境规划署(United Nations Environment Program)的一份报告，“可重复使用的袋子可能要经过成本高昂的回收过程才能被分解，以分离不同的材料，这取决于它们是由什么材料制成的。”因此，在许多情况下，可重复使用的袋子是不能回收的。”)可知，可重复使用的袋子在生产方面成分复杂，在回收起来之后要要花费更高的代价分解。因此选项D“Reusable bags demand more resources to produce and recycle than expected.( 可重复使用的袋子需要比预期更多的资源来生产和回收。)”属于合理推理。故选D项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据前文内容“Just like plastic bags did, reusable bags multiply rapidly. Used for promotional purposes and marketing of all kinds, reusable bags' growing popularity means bags that have been used very little (or not at all) can be found piled in streets, in garbage cans in city parks, and basically everywhere.( 就像塑料袋一样，可重复使用的袋子迅速繁殖。用于各种促销和市场推广的可重复使用的袋子越来越受欢迎，这意味着很少使用（或根本不用）的袋子可以在街道上、城市公园的垃圾桶中找到，而且基本上随处可见。可知，可重复的袋子与塑料袋有着相同的命运—随处丢弃，从而使人们忘记了它们存在的目的—可重复使用。因此，句中“very purpose”应是指“尽可能多地使用”。故选B项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。文章末尾段落再次点明主旨“In the end, the best practice for reusable bags is to have no half measures: Either use them all the time or don't use them at all. Using a reusable bag once or twice, and then throwing it away, doesn't do the environment any favors.( 最后，使用环保袋的最佳做法是不要半途而废:要么一直使用，要么根本不使用。一次或两次使用可重复使用的袋子，然后把它扔掉，对环境没有任何好处。)”可知，作者想要表达的是在使用可重复使用的袋子，需要多加考虑，想清楚。选项C. Reusable Bags? Think Twice!( 环保袋吗?三思而后行!)贴合主旨，可作最佳标题。故选C项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 推理判断题。文章总体结构为总分总结构。第一段提出现象：塑料购物袋的使用减少；第二段为中心点：whether the reusable bag can justify its existence(可重复使用的袋子是否可以证明它的存在？并提出了第一个要点：虽然环保袋比传统的单次使用的塑胶袋更环保，但可再用的塑胶袋，视乎它们的成分而定，在循环使用上更耗能。)；第三段也就是第一个次要点：可重复使用的袋子可能必须在昂贵的回收过程中进行解构，以分离不同的材料。因此，在很多情况下，可重复使用的塑料袋是不可回收的可重复使用的塑料袋是不可回收的。第四段提出第二个次要点Another point to consider, not all reusable bags are equal in terms of their recyclability(另一个需要考虑的问题是，并非所有可重复使用的袋子在可回收性方面都是平等的。)第 五 段是第二个要点：第五段提出由于人们到处乱扔可重复使用的袋子，导致人们忘记了它们的最初目的：可重复使用。第六段得出结论：In the end, the best practice for reusable bags is to have no half measures: Either use them all the time or don't use them at all. ( 最后，使用环保袋的最佳做法是不要半途而废:要么一直使用，要么根本不使用。)因此可知，选项A 合理概括文章结构。故选A项。‎ ‎【点睛】归纳标题题技巧 标题的特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。在做题时，可以根据此特点进行选择判断。比如文章第3小题：‎ ‎3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．How to Recycle Reusable Bags B．Disadvantages of Plastic Bags C．Reusable Bags? Think Twice!‎ D．Plastic Bags, Less Popular?‎ 根据标题特点可知，选项A. How to Recycle Reusable Bags(如何回收环保袋)只在文章某一段提及如何回收环保袋的，表达范围不恰当；选项B. Disadvantages of Plastic Bags(塑料袋的缺点)未提及；选项D. Plastic Bags, Less Popular?( 塑料袋，不那么流行了?)只在文章第一段提及，表达范围不当。选项C. Reusable Bags? Think Twice!既包含核心词Reusable Bags，Think Twice高度概括了文章中对于可重复使用购物袋的议论。因此答案为C项。‎ 第二节(共5小题;每小题1分,共5分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的六个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。‎ Kids need to move in school Many years ago, when my girls were in primary school, they were crazy about the dance breaks they would occasionally have during the school day. Their teachers would put on a video, which encouraged the kids to get up and dance, and then they' d get back to work.____41____ Many teachers are including some form of movement into the school day.‎ A recent research, published in the journal Pediatrics, involved more than 10,000 children between the ages of 4 and 13. ____42____ Susan Kamin, leader of the research, said, “Activity breaks during the school day also lead to fewer behavioral issues, not to mention cutting down on stress and anxiety."‎ Breakthrough Magnet School Connecticut, is in its third year working with the National Association of Physical Literacy. Principal Julie Goldstein said her third-and fourth-graders who are actively engaged in the physical programme are the highest-scoring students in math and reading in ‎ the district.____43____ For this school year, not one student from this group has been referred to her office for a conversation. Before the programme, she might have had one or two office coversations with some of them every month.‎ ‎___44___ “I know lots of teachers who say, 'Yeah, I wish I had more time to do this,'” Kamin said, “Even in schools that can find the time, there is still some opposition (反对)because it's a departure from the way things used to be. It's a big change for some of the teachers.____45____Yet the schools that have made the change see tremendous results. So how do you move the needle?"‎ A. My kids' teachers are certainly not alone.‎ B. They're not sure whether to make that leap.‎ C. The challenge, though, is persuading more schools to take action.‎ D. Teach children the basics of movement so that they can stay active for life.‎ E. Beyond the academical (学业的) benefits, there are benefits outside the classroom.‎ F. It shows that kids who get extra physical activity in school do better in cognitive(认知的) performance.‎ ‎【答案】41. A 42. F 43. E 44. C 45. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了课间活动—提到了其对于学生的有利之处，但在推广时面临的大的阻碍—老师和学校的犹豫不决。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 根据后文“Many teachers are including some form of movement into the school day.( 许多老师在上课的时候会安排一些活动。)”可知，设空句应对之前提及自己女儿的老师行为进行解释，她不是唯一一个这样安排课程的。选项A“My kids' teachers are certainly not alone.( 我孩子的老师当然不是唯一这样做的人。)”符合分析，且按照词汇对应原则，呼应前文提及的“their teachers”。故选A项。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 根据前文“A recent research, published in the journal Pediatrics, involved more than 10,000 children between the ages of 4 and 13.”提及了一项研究调查，可推知设空句应是对这项调查结果进行解释。选项F“It shows that kids who get extra physical activity in school do better in cognitive performance.( 研究表明，在学校进行额外体育活动的孩子在认知能力方面表现得更好。)”解释这一研究结果，且句子的主语“it”对应前文提及的“A recent research”。故选F 项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 根据前文内容“Principal Julie Goldstein said her third-and fourth-graders who are actively engaged in the physical programme are the highest-scoring students in math and reading in the district.( 该校校长朱莉•戈尔茨坦(Julie Goldstein)表示，积极参加体育项目的三、四年级学生是该学区数学和阅读成绩最好的学生。)”可知，这里在阐述积极参加活动对于学生的学业表现有所益处，且后文“For this school year, not one student from this group has been referred to her office for a conversation(本学年，这一组的学生中没有一个被转到她的办公室进行谈话)”提及了这些学生的行为表现良好。因此选项E “Beyond the academical benefits, there are benefits outside the classroom.( 除了学术上的好处，还有课堂之外的好处。)”适合放在两句中间起到承前启后的作用。故选E项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 根据后文“I know lots of teachers who say, Yeah, I wish I had more time to do this,” Kamin said, “Even in schools that can find the time, there is still some opposition because it's a departure from the way things used to be.( “我知道很多老师说，是的，我希望我有更多的时间来做这件事”卡敏说，“即使在有时间的学校里，仍然有一些反对意见，因为这与过去的方式不同。)可知这项目的推广受到了阻碍。因此设空句应提及这项目在推广方面是有挑战性的。选项C“The challenge, though, is persuading more schools to take action.( 然而，挑战在于说服更多的学校采取行动。)”符合分析。故选C项。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 根据前文提及“I know lots of teachers who say, 'Yeah, I wish I had more time to do this,'” Kamin said, “Even in schools that can find the time, there is still some opposition because it's a departure from the way things used to be.( “我知道很多老师说，是的，我希望我有更多的时间来做这件事”卡敏说，“即使在有时间的学校里，仍然有一些反对意见，因为这与过去的方式不同。)可知，在推广时很多学校和老师提出了质疑，不敢迈出这一步。选项B“他们不确定是否迈出这一步.”合理概括了这心理。故选B项。‎ 第三节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)‎ 根据短文内容，回答问题，并将答案写在相应位置。‎ Somewhere around puberty (青春期)，a change in the body clock makes it hard for teens to fall asleep as early as they used to.‎ This shift is natural for teens. But staying up very late can push a teen's body clock out of synchronization (同步) with the natural cycle of light and darkness. It can also make it hard for teens to get out of bed in the morning and bring other problems, too. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher, says that too little sleep can affect a teen's mood and ability to think or learn.‎ But just like an alarm clock, the body's biological clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? -by using the blue light entering our eyes-the color of the morning sky. Exposure to morning sunlight is the best to synchronize the body's clock with the Earth's natural 24-hour cycle.‎ The problem is, teens may have limited exposure to the morning light. Often, they are on a bus or in class during the peak morning hours. So to get morning light, researchers suggest, students should have a morning break-sometime around ‎9 a.m. or ‎10 a.m. to go outdoors. Also, they should try to spend a few minutes outside before going to school.‎ However, for the same reason that blue light is helpful in the morning, it can be disruptive (扰乱性的) to the body clock when eyes meet it at night. Computer screens, TVs and other electronic devices all send some blue light. So their use at night could unknowingly push tired students to stay up even later.‎ But there is also a simple solution: wearing orange goggles (护目镜). They may look stupid, but they'll block out blue light. Worn in the evening, blue-blocker goggles can protect students from getting the signal that it's daytime when in fact the body should be winding down for sleep.‎ ‎46. What happens to teens at puberty?‎ ‎47. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ ‎48. According to researchers, how can teens adjust to the natural time cycle in the morning?‎ ‎49. Why are orange goggles advised to use in the evening?‎ ‎50. What is the writer's main purpose of writing the passage?‎ ‎【答案】46. A change in the body clock makes it hard for teens to fall asleep as early as they used to. ‎ ‎47. Problems caused by too little sleep/the change of the body clock to teens. ‎ ‎48. They can go outdoors around ‎9 a.m. or ‎10 a.m. and also spend a few minutes outside before going to school. ‎ ‎49. To block out blue light and make teens not go to bed too late. ‎ ‎50. To offer solutions to problems caused by the change of a teen's body clock.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章提及了青少年进入青春期的睡眠特点，这种过少睡眠的不利影响，从而提出了解决这种不利影响的方法。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据题干定位到文章第一段内容“Somewhere around puberty ，a change in the body clock makes it hard for teens to fall asleep as early as they used to.( 在青春期前后，生物钟的变化使得青少年很难像以前那样早入睡。)”可知，进入青春期的青少年在睡眠方面有了变化。故答案为：A change in the body clock makes it hard for teens to fall asleep as early as they used to.‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。文章第二段内容在段尾句进行了总结：Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher, says that too little sleep can affect a teen's mood and ability to think or learn.( 睡眠研究员玛丽·卡斯卡顿(Mary Carskadon)说，睡眠过少会影响青少年的情绪和思考或学习的能力。)可知，本段主要讲述了睡眠过少对于青少年的不利影响。故答案为：Problems caused by too little sleep/the change of the body clock to teens.‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据题干定位到文章第四段内容“So to get morning light, researchers suggest, students should have a morning break-sometime around ‎9 a.m. or ‎10 a.m. to go outdoors.( 因此，研究人员建议，为了获得早晨的阳光，学生们应该在上午9点或10点左右进行一次户外活动。)”可知，研究人员给与的建议是：学生们应该在上午9点或10点左右进行一次户外活动。故答案为：They can go outdoors around ‎9 a.m. or ‎10 a.m. and also spend a few minutes outside before going to school.‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据题干定位到文章第六段内容“they'll block out blue light. Worn in the evening, blue-blocker goggles can protect students from getting the signal that it's daytime when in fact the body should be winding down for sleep.( 他们会挡住蓝光。晚上戴上防蓝光的护目镜，可以保护学生不被白天的信号打扰，而实际上，白天是身体放松睡觉的时候。)”可知，橙色护目镜可以阻挡蓝光，帮助青少年减少白天信号而早点睡觉。故答案为：To block out blue light and make teens not go to bed too late.‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章主要内容提及了青少年进入青春期的睡眠特点，这种过少睡眠的不利影响，从而提出了解决这种不利影响的方法。因此可知，作者的目的是提供一些帮助解决青少年生物钟改变的造成的问题的方法。故答案为：To offer solutions to problems caused by the change of a teen's body clock.‎ 四、框词填空(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)‎ 选用方框内的词组，并用其恰当形式完成句子。每个词组仅使用一次。‎ ‎51. Success doesn't just __________ what you do. What you don't do is equally important.‎ ‎52. The new set of equipment is expected __________ the production process.‎ ‎53. Scientists in China __________ decades ago, but they made great contributions to the development of China.‎ ‎54. The school was in peace and quiet during holidays and it __________ again as the new term began.‎ ‎55. Recently, scientists __________ that there is little possibility of intelligence life on other planets.‎ ‎【答案】51. depend on ‎ ‎52. to speed up ‎ ‎53. led a hard life ‎ ‎54. came to life ‎ ‎55. have drawn a conclusion ‎【解析】‎ 本题考查词组应用能力。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查动词短语。句意：成功不只是取决于你做什么。你不做的事情同样重要。结合句意可知在讲述成功的“秘诀”，所填空应是“取决于”含义，depend on。故填depend on。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查动词不定式和动词短语。句意：这套新设备可望加快生产过程。结合句意可知，新设备的目的是加速生产，speed up，“加速”，be expected to do sth “被期望做某事”。故填to ‎ speed up。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查动词短语和时态。句意：几十年前，中国的科学家过着艰苦的生活，但他们为中国的发展做出了巨大的贡献。结合句意可知，前后句为转折关系，后一句提及“贡献巨大”，因此设空处应提及“条件艰苦”。lead a hard life，意为“过着艰苦的生活”，符合句意，结合decades ago，应用一般过去时。故填led a hard life。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查动词短语和时态。句意：假期里，学校里一片宁静。新学期开始后，学校又恢复了生机。结合句意可知，前后句表达对比含义，前一句提及假期学校比较安静，因此新学期开始，又恢复生机，结合句中时态为一般过去时。故填came to life。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查动词短语和时态。句意：最近，科学家们得出结论:在其他星球上存在智慧生命的可能性很小。根据主语“scientists”可知，应是做研究得出了结论（draw a conclusion），结合时间词“recently”，应用现在完成时。故填have drawn a conclusion。‎ 五、书面表达(共10分)‎ ‎56.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。英国友好校教师Mr. Smith下个月将来你校进行友好访问。访问期间，Mr. Smith将要做有关英国的讲座，现就具体内容征求你校学生的意见。请你给Mr. Smith写一封邮件，内容包括:‎ ‎1.你感兴趣的一个讲座话题(如英国的历史、音乐、文学、建筑……等);‎ ‎2.你对该话题感兴趣的原因;‎ ‎3.你期望从讲座中得到的收获。‎ 注意: 1.词数不少于50;‎ ‎2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Mr. Smith,‎ I 'm Li Hua, a student at Hongxing High School.‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Thank you for your time.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Mr. Smith,‎ I'm Li Hua, a student at Hongxing High School. I'm thrilled to know that you're giving us a lecture about your country next month.‎ As we all know, the U.K. has a long history, so I wonder how its architecture has developed along with the history.‎ The reason why I'm quite interested in the topic is that when it comes to the U.K., for me, the first impression that comes to mind is its well-known buildings, such as Westminster Abbey and many fantastic castles. In my English class, I've learned invaders in different times had important influences on nearly every aspect of the country. I would like to know in detail how British history has made the architecture of the country multicultural and energetic.‎ There are many other things I'm eager to find out and hope I can learn more about this ancient and modern country from you.‎ Thank you for your time.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，表达对讲座内容的建议。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。‎ 结构：三段式结构。第一段寒暄表达问候；第二段提出对讲座内容的建议；第三段寒暄结束。‎ 要求：1.寒暄问候（be thrilled）‎ ‎ 2. 对讲座内容的建议 ‎ 1）感兴趣的话题（architecture）‎ ‎ 2）原因（the first impression；invaders；）‎ ‎ 3) 期望（would like to know in detail）‎ ‎ 3.寒暄结束 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）‎ be thrilled to; give a lecture about; be interested in; when it comes to; come to mind; such as; in detail; be eager to know; learn more about ‎ 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. I'm thrilled to know that you're giving us a lecture about your country next month.‎ ‎2. The reason why I'm quite interested in the topic is that when it comes to the U.K., for me, the first impression that comes to mind is its well-known buildings, such as Westminster Abbey and many fantastic castles.‎ ‎3. I would like to know in detail how British history has made the architecture of the country multicultural and energetic.‎ ‎4. There are many other things I'm eager to find out and hope I can learn more about this ancient and modern country from you.‎ 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）‎ 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，‎ 第五步：润色修改 ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。‎ ‎1.作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如：‎ ‎1）I'm thrilled to know that you're giving us a lecture about your country next month.( 听说你下个月要给我们做一个关于你的国家的演讲，我很激动。)本句使用了that 引导宾语从句。‎ ‎2）The reason why I'm quite interested in the topic is that when it comes to the U.K., for me, the first impression that comes to mind is its well-known buildings, such as Westminster Abbey and many fantastic castles.( 我对这个话题非常感兴趣的原因是当谈到英国的时候对我来说，它给我的第一印象是著名的建筑，如威斯敏斯特教堂和许多奇幻城堡。)‎ 这句话中主语reason后why引导了定语从句，在宾语从句“that when it comes to the U.K., for me, the first impression that comes to mind is its well-known buildings, such as Westminster Abbey and many fantastic castles”中when引导了时间状语从句，that 引导了定语从句。‎ ‎2.使用了一些固定词组，如be thrilled to; give a lecture about; be interested in; when it comes to; come to mind; such as; in detail; be eager to know; learn more about等。‎ 全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎