2020版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（11）（含解析）

2020版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（11）（含解析）

‎2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（11）‎ 李仕才 A It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.‎ It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情),but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.‎ Moreover, we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character — we infer characters that weren't there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.‎ Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance(符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: "We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be."‎ ‎1.According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to 　　　.‎ A. determine one's behavior B. reflect one's taste C. influence one's surroundings D. result from one's habits ‎2.Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?‎ A. The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.‎ 11‎ B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.‎ C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.‎ D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.‎ ‎3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?‎ A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.‎ B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.‎ C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.‎ D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.‎ ‎4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?‎ A. Personalities and attitudes. ‎ B. Preferences and habits.‎ C. Behavior and personalities. ‎ D. Attitudes and preferences.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。观其行知其人，那么行为又是由什么来决定的呢?‎ ‎1.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的第一句话可知答案。人们通常认为性格和态度决定一个人的行为。故选A。‎ ‎3.B 【解析】考查推理判断。画线部分实际上是一个例子，例子前面往往是观点,因此根据画线部分前一句可知答案。我们有时候会受到外界压力的影响。故选B。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】考查主旨大意。全文主要阐述的是人的行为和性格的关系，所以选择C项。‎ B ‎(2015·郑州质量检测三)‎ You may have heard of the American Dream，an ideal that has powered the hopes of Americans for generations.‎ It began as a belief that the US was a land of opportunity，and that anyone could achieve success through hard work.At times，the dream has referred to home 11‎ ‎ ownership，a good job，retirement security or each generation doing better than the last.‎ Yet today，this concept seems to have greatly changed.As Time magazine pointed out，quite different from the older generation，many Millennials (the generation born after 1980) redefine (重新定义) the American Dream as “daytoday control of your life”．They “prize job mobility，flexible schedules，any work that is more interesting than typing，and the ability to travel”，said the magazine.‎ Home ownership，once the cornerstone of the American Dream，is becoming a smaller priority for this generation.Meanwhile，nearly 40% of them choose travel as part of their dream.And entrepreneurship (创业) is a rising favorite，as nearly 26% of Millennials consider selfemployment as part of their dream.‎ So what has led to this huge change?‎ Many point fingers at the poor economy.“Modern young Americans seem bound to face a world stamped by ever narrowing opportunity and social stagnation(停滞)，”noted The Daily Beast.‎ ‎“The rate of Millennials out of school and out of work is unusually high at 15%.Many college graduates have taken jobs that don’t require a degree，”Time reported.‎ The magazine worries that these difficulties may lead to a lost generation who are “unable to ever truly find their feet on the corporation’s ladder”．‎ Dan Kadlec，a reporter of Time，sees Millennials as resetting their expectations.“This situation is different for young adults today，”he wrote.“A true American dream has to feel attainable，and many Millennials are feeling they can only 11‎ ‎ attain a daytoday lifestyle that suits them.”‎ ‎1．The underlined word “cornerstone” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “________”．‎ A．growth　　　　　　　 B．balance C．basis D．purpose ‎2．What has changed Millennials’ views of the American Dream according to the passage?‎ A．A lack of confidence in themselves.‎ B．Fierce competition in the job market.‎ C．Their dissatisfaction with the government.‎ D．The discouraging economy and unemployment.‎ ‎3．Dan Kadlec thinks Millennials’ new definition of the American Dream is ________．‎ A．beautiful B．understandable C．worrying D．positive ‎4．What can be the best title for this passage?‎ A．Redefinition of American Dream B．Meaning of American Dream C．Value of Achieving American Dream D．History of Changing American Dream ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了80后的美国人对美国梦的重新定义并分析了导致这一改变的原因。‎ ‎1．解析：选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“At times，the dream has referred to home ownership，a good job，retirement security or each generation doing better than 11‎ ‎ the last.”可知，最初的美国梦指的是房屋所有权、一份好的工作、退休保障或每一代比上一代做得好。根据第四段第一句“Home ownership，once the cornerstone of the American Dream，is becoming a smaller priority for this generation.”可知，房屋所有权曾经是美国梦的基石，而对于这一代来说，却不那么重要了，由此可推知，画线词意为“基础”。故选C。‎ ‎2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Many point fingers at the poor economy.”和第七段第一句“The rate of Millennials out of school and out of work is unusually high at 15%.”可知，经济低迷和高失业率导致80后的美国人对美国梦的认识发生了巨大变化。故选D。‎ ‎3．解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“A true American dream has to feel attainable，and many Millennials are feeling they can only attain a daytoday lifestyle that suits them.”可知，真实的美国梦必须让人觉得可以实现，而许多80后的美国人觉得他们只能实现适合他们的日常生活方式；由此可推知，Dan Kadlec认为年轻人对美国梦的定义更符合社会现状，更容易实现，更符合情理。B项意为“合情理的，正常的”。故选B。‎ ‎4．解析：选A。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了80后的美国人对美国梦的重新定义并分析了导致这一改变的原因。A项意为“美国梦的重新定义”，符合本文大意，适合作标题。故选A。‎ C Chelyabinsk，Russia—A meteorite (陨石) moved quickly across the sky and exploded over central Russia on Feb.15,2013，raining fireballs over a vast area and causing a shock wave that smashed windows，damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people.‎ People heading to work in Chelyabinsk heard what sounded like an explosion，saw a bright light and then felt the shock wave，according to a Reuters journalist in the industrial city ‎1,500 km east of Moscow.‎ The fireball，travelling at a speed of ‎30 km per second according to Russian space agency Roscosmos，had blazed (熊熊燃烧) across the horizon，leaving a long white trail ‎ 11‎ that could be seen as far as ‎200 km away.‎ Car alarms went off，thousands of windows were broken and mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time.The Interior Ministry said the meteorite explosion，a very rare spectacle，also released a great explosive sound.‎ ‎“I was driving to work.It was quite dark，but it suddenly became bright as if it were day，” said Viktor Prokofiev,36，a resident of Yekaterinburg in the Urals Mountains.“I felt like I was blinded by headlights.”‎ The meteorite，which weighed about 10 tonnes and may have been made of iron，entered Earth’s atmosphere and broke apart ‎30 km‎50 km above ground according to Russia’s Academy of Sciences.‎ ‎“The energy released when it entered the Earth’s atmosphere was equal to a few kilotonnes，” the academy said，“the power of a small atomic weapon exploding.”‎ No deaths were reported but the Emergencies Ministry said 20,000 rescue and cleanup workers were sent to Urals Region after President Vladimir Putin told Emergencies Minister Vladimir Puchkov to ease and help the victims.‎ The Interior Ministry said about 1,200 people had been injured，at least 200 of them children，and most from broken pieces of glass.‎ ‎1．What do we learn about the meteorite from the passage?‎ A．It is a very huge ball made of iron.‎ B．It quickly broke apart on the ground.‎ C．It exploded over Russia’s Urals Region.‎ D．It’s similar to an Abomb in weight.2‎ ‎2．The underlined word “smashed” in Para.1 is closest in meaning to “________”．‎ A．broke　　　　　　　　　　　 B．melted C．swallowed 　 D．cleared ‎3．We can know from the passage that ________.‎ A．Moscow is 1,500 kilometers away from the east of ‎Chelyabinsk B．many houses were destroyed，with lots of people reported missing C．Viktor Prokofiev became blind after seeing the rare spectacle D．the shock wave briefly influenced mobile phone networks ‎4．Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?‎ A．“Meteorite Rush” Begins in Russia 11‎ B．President Putin Orders Assistance C．Meteorite Hits Russia,1,200 People Hurt D．Meteorite Flies Quickly Across ‎Russia ‎【参考答案】‎ 语篇解读　文章报道了陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸，导致1 200人受伤的事件。‎ ‎1．解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“exploded over central Russia on Feb.15,‎2013”‎以及倒数第二段中的“rescue and cleanup workers were sent to Urals Region”可知，陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔地区爆炸。‎ 答案：　C ‎2．解析：　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“causing a shock wave that smashed windows，damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people”以及第四段中的“thousands of windows were broken”可推知smashed与broke的意思最接近。‎ 答案：　A ‎3．解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time”可知D项正确。‎ 答案：　D ‎4．解析：　主旨大意题。第一段是本则新闻的主旨，C项既点明了事件主题“陨石袭击俄罗斯”，又报道了其后果“1 200人受伤”，所以选C项。‎ 答案：　C。‎ D ‎(2015·日照检测二)‎ While most teenagers were studying to get into a top university，one 19yearold boy was starring in his first movie, Blue Gate Crossing. It was a film about love on campus and it was well received in Taiwan. Many say it was this film that put Bolin Chen in position for his later glittering career in show business.‎ In fact, it was not until he played a troubled young man in the movie Buddha‎ ‎Mountain that he regained his passion for acting.‎ While being called a “youth idol” may seem like a compliment, it is a title that Chen has tried to shake off. He believes that a youth idol means you simply rely ‎ 11‎ on your appearance, not your acting talent.‎ The most important thing for Chen now is to take more initiative (主动性) as an actor. “To me, an actor is like a chess piece, waiting for producers and directors to put him somewhere they want him to be，” Chen, told NetEase. “But I want to be the game player.” He even took his ambition a step further —setting up his own production company.‎ But just when Chen started to focus on offscreen work, his life on screen took another turn. He won the title of Best Leading Actor at the 2012 Golden Bell Awards on Oct. 26 for his role in hit TV drama In Time with You. When asked why he accepted the part，which is another “youth idol” role, he told Yangcheng Evening News，“I played it for my grandfather. He told everyone around that I am an actor, but I used to play in movies, not TV series. Now he is in the hospital. I hope that he can watch my performances by simply turning on the TV.”‎ Chen is a veteran(老手) in the entertainment world, but unlike many stars, he hasn’t led a luxurious life. He doesn’t even have a car but walks, rides a bike or takes a taxi whenever he goes out. He doesn’t have a house, either. “Everyone will eventually find some place to live anyway, why bother to buy property (地产) ？” he asked Taiwan magazine Business Today.‎ ‎1．What does Bolin Chen think of his title “youth idol”？‎ A．He likes it very much.‎ B．He thinks it a compliment.‎ C．He wants to get rid of it.‎ 11‎ D．He is not worthy of it.‎ ‎2．Bolin Chen’s words in Para. 4 suggest that he ______.‎ A．likes to play games such as chess B．wants to take an active part in producing his films C．cannot get along well with some directors D．thinks producers are more important in making a film ‎3. Bolin Chen played a part in the TV drama In Time with You because he ______.‎ A．failed in offscreen work B．had become a “youth idol”‎ C．wanted to delight his grandfather D．wanted to succeed in the new field ‎4. The main idea of the last paragraph is that Bolin Chen ______.‎ A．is a veteran in the entertainment world B．hasn’t made much money from his work C．doesn’t like the entertainment world D．prefers a different lifestyle from most stars ‎【解题导语】　本文介绍了演员陈柏霖的不同之处，他不喜欢别人称呼自己为“青春偶像”，他努力拍戏，却没有像其他明星一样过着奢侈的生活。‎ ‎1．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“While being called a‘youth idol’may seem like a compliment, it is a title that Chen has tried to shake off.”可知，陈柏霖并不喜欢别人赞美自己为“青春偶像”，他想要摆脱这个称赞，故选C项。‎ ‎2．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But I want to be the game player.”可知，作为一名演员，他想更加主动地参与电影的制作，故选B项。‎ 11‎ ‎3．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第五段中的“I played it for my grandfather”和“I hope that he can watch my performances by simply turning on the TV.”可知，他拍这个电视剧是为了让爷爷一打开电视就能看到他的表演，即为了使爷爷高兴，故选C项。‎ ‎4．解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Chen is a veteran (老手) in the entertainment world, but unlike many stars, he hasn’t led a luxurious life.”可知，本句总领本段，指出陈柏霖和其他大多数明星的不同之处，他没有过着奢侈的生活，故选D项。‎ E ‎(2017·深圳第一次调研)‎ Much information can be conveyed，purely through our eyes, so the expression “eyes also talk” is often heard.‎ Can you recall any experience that further proves this statement？On a bus you may quickly glance at a stranger，but not make eye contact.If he senses that he is being stared at，he may feel uncomfortable.‎ It is the same in daily life.If you are stared at for more than necessary，you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong，you will feel angry about other’s staring at you that way.Eyes do convey information，right?‎ Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive.But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex.If a man looks at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to turn away his gaze(注视)，his intentions are obvious.That is，he wishes to attract her attention，to make her understand that he is showing affection for her.‎ However，the normal eye contact for two people engaged in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking, to tell him that he is attentive.‎ If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking，as if he tries to control you, you will feel uneasy.A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim, since he believes the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.‎ In fact, continuous eye contact happens between lovers only, who will enjoy 11‎ ‎ looking at each other tenderly for a long time, to show love that words cannot express.‎ Evidently, eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the specific situation.‎ ‎1．What may a person usually do on a bus?‎ A．Glance at a stranger with eye contact.‎ B．Use eyes to talk to a stranger politely.‎ C．Glance at a stranger without eye contact.‎ D．Talk to a stranger politely after a quick glance.‎ ‎2．What does it mean if a man looks at a woman for over 10 seconds?‎ A．He likes her eyes.‎ B．He admires her.‎ C．He knows her well.‎ D．He makes contact with her.‎ ‎3．Why is a poor liar easy to be seen through?‎ A．He thinks that he is honest.‎ B．He wants to control the victim.‎ C．He feels uneasy about others’ eye contact.‎ D．He looks straight at the victim for too long a time.‎ ‎4．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Eyes Can Speak B．Eye Contact Matters C．Don’t Stare at Others D．Use Your Eye Contact 参考答案1—4、CBDA 11‎