2018年江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第一次模拟试题英语

2018年江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第一次模拟试题英语

2018 年江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第一次模拟试题英语 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 20 分）（略） 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 21. They all sat together at table, laughing and _______ stories after many years’ separation. A. circulating B. swapping C. spreading D. plotting 解析：考查名词词义辨析。A .circulating 循环/传播/流通， C. spreading 传播，D. plotting 密谋/策划/绘制。B. swapping 交换，“交换故事”，根据句意引申为“讲述故事”。根据句 意：他们都坐在桌边，谈笑风生，讲述各自分别多年后的故事。故选 B。 答案：B 22. The movie Coco wraps two _______ themes—pursuing dreams, and how weremember loved ones—in a colorful, culturally specific package. A. contemporary B. religious C. historical D. universal 解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. contemporary 当代的/现代的，B. religious 宗教的/虔诚的， C. historical（有关）历史的，D.universal 共同的/普遍的。句意：电影《寻梦环游记》在色 彩斑斓的文化包裹下，囊括了两个普遍存在的主题——追寻梦想与如何记住至亲至爱。故选 D。 答案：D 23. —Father always instructs me to do kind acts and bring more joy into the world around us. —That’s great. Small _______ can often create huge blessings. A. gestures B. impacts C. schemes D. concepts 解析：考查名词词义辨析。A .gestures 表示某人态度的姿态（熟词僻义），B. impacts 影响/作用，C. schemes 计划/方案/阴谋，D. concepts 观念/概念。句意：“父亲总是教导我要 做善良的事，为周围的世界带来更多的欢乐。”“ 是的，小的举动经常能创造出很大的福气。” 故选 A。 答案：A 24. It is difficult for one to _______ the manners of another world when he doesn’t know what they are. A. see to B. tend to C. amount to D. subscribe to 解析：考查动词短语固定搭配。A. see to 照料/料理/确保，B .tend to 趋向/往往/偏重， C. object to 达到/相当于/意味着，D. subscribe to 订阅/同意/赞成。分析可知，空格处应是“赞 同”，在句中引申为“遵循”。句意：当一个人不知道另一个世界的风俗时，很难让他遵循这 些风俗。故选 D。 答案：D 25. —What about a self-drive trip to Tibet this winter vacation? —It sounds _______ marvellous, but I won’t be available at that time. A. simply B. equally C. firmly D. merely 解析：考查副词词义辨析。A. simply 实在/根本/简直（熟词僻义），B. equally 相同地， C. firmly 牢固地/坚决地，D. merely 仅仅/只是。副词修饰形容词 marvelous，根据句意可知 应该填入 simply，意为“非常棒”。句意：“今年寒假自驾游去西藏怎么样？”“ 听起来太棒 了，但不巧的是我寒假没时间。”故选 A。 答案：A 26. _______, you need to be failingmoreif you are expected to succeed in the end. A.Strange as might it seem B.As it might seem strange C.As strange it might seem D.Strange as it might seem 解析：考查让步状语从句。as 引导的让步状语从句要使用倒装句，表语+as+主语+情态 动词+do，将表语 strange 提到句首，句意：虽然听起来很奇怪，但是在会议的最后他的主意 被采纳了。故选 D。 答案：D 27. —When do you think I can access Blackberry App World on my computer? —Not until you _______ your device password correctly. A. entered B. will enter C.have entered D. will have entered 解析：考查时间状语从句时态。主将从现，句意：“你觉得我什么时候能在我的电脑上 获取黑莓软件？”“直到你正确输入了你的设备的密码。”故选 C。 答案：C 28. White snow _______ the small village after a big snowfall, tourists found themselves stepping into a fantastic fairyland. A. blanketing B. blanketed C. being blanketed D. to blanket 解析：考查独立主格。句意为：大雪过后，覆盖了小小的村庄，游客发现它们进去了一 个美妙的仙界。雪是主动覆盖，所以用 Blanking。故选 A。 答案：A 29. The best books are treasuries of good words and golden thoughts, _______, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions. A. that B. which C. when D. where 解析：考查本题考查非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择。根据句意，最好 的书籍都是财富，富有金玉良言，闪光思想，让我们铭记它，视其为珍宝，并成为我们永恒 的伴侣。不难判断 remembered，cherished，become 这三个词之前需要主语，排除 B，C 选 项，指代 treasures 应用 which 或 that，但当关系代词后面有插入语时只能用 which 不用 that， 故选 B。 答案：B 30. During my first year abroad, I was so busy studying and meeting new people that I did not phone my parents as often as I _______. A. should B. would C. should have D. would have 解析：考查情态动词时态辨析。根据句意：在我第一年出国的时候，我忙于学习以及结 交新的人群，以至于没有像原本应该的那样经常打电话给我的父母。should have phoned， should have done 表示本应该做某事而实际上没有。故选 C。 答案：C 31. —David has been _______ since he got the offer in this company. —He has to. You know, the boss is a fault-finder. A. facing the music B. crying for the moon C. walking on eggshells D. waking a sleeping dog 解析：考查习语。A. facing the music 面对现实/直面困难/自食其果，B. crying for the moon 异想天开/痴心妄想/海底捞月，C. walking on eggshells 谨言慎行，D. waking a sleeping dog 惹 事生非/自找麻烦，（let the sleeping dog lie 不要打草惊蛇，别多事）。根据句意：“David 自从获得这个公司的机会之后一直小心翼翼谨言慎行”“ 他不得不这样，你知道的，他们的 老板是个一直挑刺的人。”故选 C。 答案：C 32. Men who stay fit can lower their risk of dying from a heart condition by 30% as compared with those who are _______. A. out of order B. out of place C. out of shape D. out of control 解析：考查介词短语固定搭配。A. out of order 发生故障/次序颠倒，B. out of place 不恰 当/不合适，C. out of shape 身材走样/身体欠佳，D. out of control 失控。根据句意：相比于身 体不健康的人，那些保持身体健康的人降低了 30%的由于心脏问题死亡的风险。故选 C。 答案：C 33. Most people have to get to a point where they don’t have a choice _______ they will change something. A. since B. before C. while D. once 解析：考查状语从句。句意为：很多人都会等到走投无路时才会做出改变。句子中的 will 表示愿意。before 在状语从句中表示“……才……”的意思，故选 B。 答案：B 34. Our health is _______ we make of it—give it attention and it improves; give it none and it weakens. A. what B. whether C. how D. who 解析：考查名词性从句中的表语从句，前缺后缺用 what “make sth.of sth/sb.” means “realize、catch、know about、learn about、get to know、understand”，健康是我们对它的理解。 句意为：我们的健康由我们自己决定（我们的健康状况是我们自己塑造的）——多关注它， 它便会变好，不关心它它就会变坏。故选 A。 答案：A 35. —Making a computer program isa Herculean task for me. Can you give mea hand? —Oh, _______. Turn to Jackson, who is an expert in it. A. it counts for nothing B. it’s not the case C. it doesn’t hurt to ask D. it’s all Greek to me 解析：考查交际用语。A. it counts for nothing 这不算什么，B. it’s not the case 情况并非 如此，C .it doesn’t hurt to ask 为问一下无妨， D. it’s all Greek to me 这个我可一窍不通。句 意为：“做一个电脑程序对我来说是一个极其困难的任务。你能帮帮我吗？”“ 噢，这个我可 一窍不通。再问问 Jackson 吧，他在这方面是个专家。”故选 D。 答案：D 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 When Katherine and her daughter drove past Katherine’s beloved old home, she would say, “I’d like to have that house back.” On her 90th birthday, that wish came true. All Katherine wanted for her 90th birthday was to 36 her childhood home. Her daughter, Emily wasn’t so 37 on the idea. And, as the old saying goes, you can 38 really go home again. However, the mom and daughter often drove from their 39 town to cruise past Katherine’s beloved old home. One day, as Emily visited her local craft store, inspiration 40 her: Her mother could have her house back—in replica (复制品) 41 . Emily connected with Ray Meyers, a local retired dentist with a 42 for woodworking. Ray took precise measurements and 43 details with the help of the current homeowners. The replica home and the amazing story behind it deserved a special 44 . Emily arranged a surprise party at which the replica and Katherine would be 45 . But keeping Katherine in the 46 was a painful task. “Ray would ask me questions about the house,” Emily says of the planning 47 . “I couldn’t remember everything 48 the last time I was inside was when I was a teenager. I would 49 Mother and start a conversation where I would say, ‘Oh, by the way, do you remember…’ and ask her something about the house. She would give details from her memory about the 50 and the color. She would tell me 51 what something looked like or where it was in the house.” On the very day, Emily went to 52 Katherine to her house.“When we went inside,I was just 53 .”Katherine says. “There was a house load of people singing ‘Happy Birthday’ to me.”Emily presented Katherine with the carefully 54 replica home. “I just couldn’t believe it,” Katherine says. “I have 55 memories of that house. I have had several family dinners where we eat around it. I now can turn on the tiny lights within it. It’s so pretty.”For Katherine, it turned out that it is possible to go home again. 36. A.access B. decorate C. build D. own 解析：本题考查动词辨析。根据句意“对于九十岁生日，Katherine 唯一想的就是再回 到儿时的房子住”可知，D 选项 own 最符合题意，且与首段“... have that house back.”相 呼应，own 与第一段中的 have 属于同义替换。 答案：D 37. A. keen B. soft C. dependent D. hard 解析：本题考查形容词短语 be … on。根据本句和下一句的句意可知，Katherine 的女儿 Emily 并不同意她的看法，be keen on“对……喜爱、对……感兴趣”，故正确答案选 A。C 项 be dependent on 依赖、依靠；D 项 be hard on 对……苛刻。B 选项没有这种搭配。 答案：A 38. A. generally B. sometimes C. frequently D. never 解析：本题考查副词的用法。在 Emily 看来“再也回不去了”，因此 D 项符合题意。A 项“一般地、通常”；B 项“有时”；C 项“频繁地、屡次地”均不符题意。 答案：D 39. A. primary B. temporary C. current D. permanent 解析：本题考查形容词的用法。A 项“首要的、基本的”；B 项“暂时的、临时的”；C 项 “目前的、现在的”；D 项“永恒的、永久的、稳定的”。结合句意“虽然不能再回去住，但是 Katherine 和 Emily 经常开车从她们现在住的小镇经过老房子”。故选 C。 答案：C 40. A. overcame B. struck C. failed D. amazed 解析：本题考查动词辨析。A 项“克服”；B 项“撞、打、罢工、猛然想起”，这里是 THOUGHT/IDEA 想法/主意，突然出现〔在脑子里〕，突然被意识到[想到]，句型：sth. strikes sb.，“灵感突然浮现在她脑海。”；C 项“失败、衰退”；D 项“使大为吃惊、使惊奇”。结 合句意“一天，当 Emily 造访当地一家工艺行时，她忽然有了灵感。”故选 B。 答案：B 41. A. appearance B. pattern C. outline D. form 解析：本题考查名词（短语）。A 项“出现、外貌”；B 项“图案、花纹、模式”；C 项 “大纲、提纲、概要”。根据句意“以复制品的形式”可知，in … form“以……的形式”符 合题意，故选 D。 答案：D 42. A. basis B. preference C. talent D. hunger 解析：考查名词（短语）。句意可知“Ray Meyers 是一个牙医，但是他做木工活儿有天 赋”。have a talent for“有……的天赋”符合题意，故正确答案选 C。A“基础”；B 选项“偏 爱”（这里没有比较）；D“饥饿、渴望”。 答案：C 43. A. completed B. compiled C. committed D. compared 解析：考查动词词义辨析。A 项“创作、组成、为……谱曲”；B 项“编辑、编纂、编 制”；C 项“承诺、保证、全身全意投入、犯罪”；D 项“对比、比较”。根据句意“在现有 房主的帮助下，Ray 对房子结构进行了精确地测量，并对细节进行了详细地考究”。 答案：B 44. A. mention B. analysis C. research D.inspection 解析：考查名词辨析。A. mention“提及、提到”；B. analysis“分析”；C. research“研 究”；D. inspection“检查、视察、检阅”。根据句意“这个复制品的房子及其背后的故事尤 为值得一提”可知，A 项符合题意。 答案：A 45. A. congratulated B. appreciated C. exhibited D. honored 解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. “向（某人）道贺；（为成就或成功）感到高兴”； B. “感 激、欣赏”；C. “陈列、展览”；D. “为……庆祝”。 Emily 安排了一个特殊的聚会，并在 聚会上同时为新房子和 Katherine 的寿辰庆祝。 答案：D 46. A. back B. shadows C. clouds D. dark 解析：考查名词搭配。前文提到 Emily 为 Katherine 安排了一个 surprise party，由此可 以推断出这句话的意思是把 Katherine 瞒住是一个艰巨的工作。Keep in the dark 为固定搭配， 意思为隐瞒；对……保密。符合题意。B 选项阴影；C 选项云；D 选项后面，背部，均不符 合题意。 答案：D 47. A. expectation B. process C. advance D. destination 解析：考查名词。前一题说到 Emily 要给自己的母亲准备房子的复制品，这边就在展开 具体计划的流程，包括 Ray 会问什么问题，怎么从母亲那儿得知房子的颜色和细节等等， 因此四个选项中只有 B 选项 process 过程；步骤符合题意。A 选项期望；C 选项发展，前进， 增长；D 选项目的地均不符合题意。 答案：B 48. A. because B. till C. as if D. so that 解析：考查连词。根据句子前后逻辑关系，我不能记住所有事情（房子的细节）和最后 一次在房子里面的时候我还是一个青少年之间是先果后因的关系。因为我青少年之后就不再 住在老房子里了，因此我遗忘了房子的细节。选 A。B 直到；C 似乎，好像；D 因此均不符 合题意。 答案：A 49. A. visit with B. stick with C. deal with D. hold with 解析：考查词组搭配。根据上下文，为了知道房子的细节，作者准备通过与母亲聊天的 方式（见后文中 conversation）来得知母亲对于房子细节的记忆（见后文 give details from her memory）， 因此本空应该选填 A.visit with，意思为看望，在……家里做客，与……交谈， 聊天。B 意为坚持，继续做；C 处理；D 支持，赞同均不符合题意。 答案：A 50. A. management B. equipment C. arrangement D. measurement 解析：考查名词。根据上下文，作者希望从母亲那儿知道有关房子的颜色以及房间布局 的细节（根据下文 where it was in the house 可得知），因此选 C，arrangement 布置，安排方 式。要注意不要误选 D 选项，measurement，尺寸，因为作者的母亲在回忆房子细节的时候 只能回忆起颜色和布局等，而不会具体到尺寸多少。B 设备，装备，器材（不符合家居环境 背景）；D 管理不符合题意。 答案：C 51. A. briefly B. partly C. thoroughly D. vaguely 解析：本题考查副词。可以用代入法一一排除。当和母亲聊起房子细节的时候，她一定 会______告诉我所有有关颜色和布局的细节。A 短暂地，简略地；B 部分地，在一定程度上 地；C 完全地，彻底地；D 模糊地，不明确地。根据文章大意，母亲一直都心心念念老房子， 对于谈到这个话题一定是知无不言的，故选 C。 答案：C 52. A. fetch B. join C. welcome D. receive 解析：考查动词。当天，Emily 把母亲接到了自己家并给她展示礼物，因此这个空应该 表示“接”的意思，只有 A 接来符合题意。B 加入；C 欢迎（虽然 welcome sb. to 有欢迎某人 来的意思，但是没有接的意思，因为是在Emily的家中为Katherine准备礼物，需要将Katherine 带过来）。D 收到。均不符合题意。 答案：A 53. A. embarrassed B. shocked C. inspired D. confused 解析：本题考查形容词。当 Katherine 进门，看到许多人在屋里唱生日歌的时候，当时 的感受应该是“shocked”，震惊的；震撼的。A 选项尴尬的；C 选项有灵感的；D 选项困惑 的均不符合题意。 答案：B 54. A. sorted B. wrapped C. folded D. restored 解析：本题考查形容词。Emily 把她细心______的复制品递给了 Katherine。既然是礼 物，而且是细心准备的礼物，应该是细心包裹的，因此选 B。A 选项挑选的不符合题意，因 为本文的礼物并非挑选，而是专门制作的。C 选项折叠的；D 选项精力充沛的均不符合题意。 答案：B 55. A. recent B. distant C. fond D. selective 解析：本题考查形容词搭配。Have fond memories of sth./sb.的意思是对某事／某人有愉 快的回忆，符合文中 Katherine 对老房子的感觉。其他选项 recent（最近的），distant（遥远 的）和 selective（选择性的）都不符合题意。 答案：C 第三部分 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Inspired by the USA’s recent solar eclipse (日蚀)? These equally impressive events and activities will inspire your desire for a visit. Witness a desert superbloom Occasionally, the normally dry Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert, and Chihuahuan Desert will burst into a carpet of yellow, purple, and pink flowers in spring. This is a superbloom, and it happens if there’s significant rainfall between September and November. There’s one wildflower bloom every 5.3 years on average, and a superbloom on average once every 11.2 years. WHERE TO GO: Death Valley National Park, California, the USA WHEN TO GO: February—March Watch rockets launching Every launch is very impressive and exciting because you don’t know what will happen until the last moment. You hear the fire and fury for several minutes—seeing a launch in person is a billion times better than watching on TV. The current hot ticket, though, is going to watch a SpaceX reusable rocket launch, then land back at Cape Canaveral. WHERE TO GO: Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia or Kennedy Space Center, Florida BEST TIME TO GO: Check www.kennedyspacecenter.com or www.nasa.gov Enjoy a never-ending lightning storm Think lightning never strikes twice? The odds are more generous over the mouth of the Catatumbo River at Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, which hosts lightning storms for up to 297 nights a year, thanks to its unique geographical location. “Watching the Catatumbo lightning is an experience you will get nowhere else,” says Jonas Piontek, a German photographer who has travelled there twice to capture the storms. “You are basically isolated from everyone: no network, no Internet, no real civilization around. It’s just you and nature, and one of the best shows on Earth.” WHERE TO GO: Catatumbo Camp, Venezuela WHEN TO GO: October—November 56. What causes a superbloom to happen in the desert? A. Steady rainfall in a year. B. Occasional rainfall in winter. C. Heavy rainfall in spring. D. Abnormal rainfall in autumn. 解析：细节理解题，根据题干关键词 superbloom 定位第一小节，第二句 This is a superbloom, and it happens if there is a siginicant rainfall between September and November . 这 就是 superbloom，这种现象的出现取决于九月份到十一月份的是否有显著的降水.A 选项 Steady rain in a year 与 significant rain ... November 不符，排除。因为 September and November 属于 autumn（单词层面的同义替换）， 排除 B. in winter 和 C. in spring，故选 D. abnormal 与 significant 同义替换。 答案：D 57. If you want to escape from reality, you can go to ________. A. Mojave Desert B. Wallops Flight Facility C. Catatumbo Camp D. Death Valley National Park 解析：细节理解题，根据题干关键词“escape from the reality”，定位全文最后一句：You are basically isolated from everyone, no network, no Internet, no real civilization around .It's just you and nature, and one of the best shows on Earth.你独立于所有人，没有网络，周围没有真正 的文明，只有你和自然以及地球上最好的景观。本句说明此种情形下，你可以得到诸如此类 的感受。这种景观发生的地点也则是你可以去的地方：Catatumbo Camp, Venezuela, 句中 isolated from everyone 与 escape from reality 同义替换，故选 C。 答案：C B If every public interaction were filmed, would the world be a better place? Common sense suggests it would, and to some extent, we already live in such a world, with closed-circuit television cameras everywhere and smart phones in every pocket. However, the routine filming of everyday life is about to go to the next level. A number of countries are rolling out body cams for police officers and other public-facing agencies such as schools. Private citizens are getting in on the act too: cyclists increasingly wear headcams as an insurance against aggressive drivers. As camera technology gets smaller and cheaper, it isn’t hard to foresee a future where we’re all filming everything all the time, in every direction. Would that be a good thing? The available evidence suggests that it discourages behavior such as police brutality. Another upside is that it would be harder to get away with crimes or to escape blame for accidents. But a world on camera could have subtle negative effects. The flood of data we pour into the hands of Google, Facebook and others has already proved a mixed blessing. Those companies would no doubt be willing to upload and store our body-cam data for free, probably with the assistance of machine learning algorithms (算法)—but at what cost to privacy and freedom of choice? Body-cam data could also create a legal mine field. Disputes over the validity and interpretation of police footage (执法镜头) have already surfaced. Eventually, events not caught on camera could be treated as if they didn’t happen, like a tree falling in the forest. Alternatively, footage could be faked or doctored to escape blame or incriminate others. Of course, there’s always the argument that if you’re not doing anything wrong, you have nothing to fear. But most people have done something embarrassing, or even illegal, that they regret and would prefer hadn’t been caught on film. People already inspect their social media feeds—or avoid doing anything inadequate in public—for fear of damaging their reputation. Would widespread application of body cams have a further frightening effect on our freedom? The always-on-camera world could even threaten some of the natures that make us human. We are natural gossips and backbiters, and while those might not be desirable behavior, they oil the wheels of our social interactions. Once people assume they are being filmed, they are likely to shut up. We are nowhere near that point yet where everyone will feel they need one as an insurance policy, but we should think hard about whether we really want to say lights, body cam, action. 58. What is the benefit of filming to average people? A. Promoting the widespread use of smart phones in public. B. Fighting crimes or bad behavior by providing solid evidence. C. Guaranteeing cyclists and pedestrians more safety on roads. D. Encouraging better performance of the police and teaching staff. 解析：细节题。文章第二段第二句 A number of countries are rolling out body cams for police officers and other public-facing agencies such as school. Private citizens are getting in on the act too: cyclists increasingly wear headcams as an insurance against aggressive drivers 中列举 的摄像头在各种场合的使用可以知道各种摄像装置主要用来记录证据制裁犯罪或者抵制不 良行为的；第三段第二句，…it would be harder to get away with crimes or to escape blame for accidents, 与 B 选项和原文属于同义替换，C 选项说保证了骑自行车的人和行人的安全，虽 然文章第二段有提到，但这仅仅是一小部分人，而题目问的是对于普通人的好处，不符合题 意，故选 B。 答案：B 59. In the author’s view, the data flooding into tech giants is fairly ________. A. comforting B. puzzling C. worrying D. satisfying 解析：细节题。从文章第三段 The flood of data we pour into the hands of Google, Facebook and others has already proved a mixed blessing. a mixed blessing “有利也有弊的情况”，文章 下面列举了它的消极影响，如对人身自由权和隐私权的侵犯，镜头有可能是伪造的来逃避责 任种种，以及后面的 but at what cost to privacy and freedom of choice?表达了作者对于各大高 科技平台能否保证人们隐私以及选择自由的担心，第四段让步论证方式，“诚然，你没做错 事，你就没什么感到好害怕的，但是，绝大部分人都会感到难堪，等等”表达了作者对于数 据涌进科技巨头公司是持担心的态度，故选 C。 答案：C 60. Certain undesirable behavior is important because it ________. A. functions as an insurance policy B. warns us not to be caught on film C. prevents inadequate social behavior D. motivates human daily communication 解析：细节题。从文章最后一段 We are natural gossips and backbiters, and while those might not be desirable behavior, they oil the wheels of our social interactions 可以看出尽管聊八 卦可能是一种不太受欢迎的行为，但是还是能促进人们的社交的，故选 D。 答案：D C A so-called “smart drug” intended to improve cognitive (认知的) performance also seems to protect the brain from altitude sickness. Ever more people are visiting high-altitude sites for work, sport, religious pilgrimages and military tasks. But even the fittest among us suffer in thin air: the lower oxygen content at altitude can lead to cognitive effects, including memory loss and attention difficulties. There’s little you can do to prevent these symptoms other than acclimatize—but this takes time and doesn’t always work. A drug called oxiracetam might be the answer. ShengLi Hu at the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China, and her colleagues studied the performance of male military personnel at altitude. All lived in towns around 1800 meters above sea level. During the study, they spent eight days at this altitude and then climbed for three days to reach 4000 meters, where they stayed for up to a month. Twenty participants took oxiracetam three times a day for the first 15 days of the study, while another 20 received no intervention. The men did tests of attention and memory at the start and end of the study and 20 days in, by which time they had been at 4000 meters for nine days. While all the participants experienced a drop in cognitive ability at 4000 meters, those who took oxiracetam showed a much smaller decline than the control group. Blood flow measurements indicated that at high altitude, parts of the brain’s cerebral circulatory system contracted and dilated (扩张) in a way that promoted blood flow to the brain stem. This isn’t surprising, since the brain stem plays a critical role in the maintenance of basic vital signs. The team also found that the brain stem received blood at the expense of areas responsible for more advanced cognitive functions. But in people who took oxiracetam, more arteries dilated, so blood flow throughout the brain rose. This may be how the drug seems to lessen cognitive problems linked with low oxygen. It isn’t yet known whether diverting blood in this way could have negative effects in the long run. “The results are striking and imply that oxiracetam may be beneficial for helping to relieve cognitive deficits caused by altitude,” says Timothy Hales at the University of Dundee, UK. Oxiracetam is not licensed for medical use globally, but it is known to be a mild stimulant, says Hales. “Coca leaves have been used by native Andeans for centuries to overcome altitude sickness and this is attributed to their modest cocaine content. So perhaps it is not surprising that benefit can be derived from another, though mild, stimulant.” 61. The underlined word “acclimatize” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A. adapt B. interact C. exist D. object 解析：上下文推测判断句意题。文章第三段大意：为了防止这种“高空病（高原反应）” 的症状，除了适应它，你能做的很少——但适应这种症状也需要一定的时间，而且不一定总 是有效果。结合文章第二段，提到了在高纬度地区，即使是最能适应这种稀薄空气的人们的 认知还是会受到影响，包括记忆力减弱，注意力缺失。结合第二段的 fittest 一词，根据文章 逻辑，所以在第三段中只能是“适应”这种症状。A.适应 B.相互影响、相互作用 C.存在 D. 目标、对象；反对，故选 A。 答案：A 62. What does the experiment done in China reveal? A. The higher altitude you are at, the slower your brain will be. B. At 4000 meters, the two subject groups show no difference. C. Memory tests are beneficial to relieving attention difficulties. D. “Smart drug” largely counters negative effects of altitude sickness. 解析：细节理解题。考查实验结果，定位到原文第六段，实验得知“… those who took oxiracetam showed a much smaller decline than the control group”，和那些未服药的人相比，服 用了 oxiracetam 的人在记忆力和注意力下降等问题方面没那么严重，倒数第二段， oxiracetam may be beneficial for helping to relieve cognitive deficits caused by altitude. D 选项 “Smart drug” largely counters negative effects of altitude sickness.与此句同义替换，其中 counters negative effects （counter:反击，还击；反向移动，对着干；反驳，回答），和 relieve cognitive deficits 属于否定词层面的同义替换。故 D 正确。A 选项提到海拔越高，大脑速度 越慢，这并非通过实验得知，而是常识，所以不能选。B 选项提到在海拔 4000 米处，两组 人员没有差别，但根据第六段可知，两组人员在记忆力和注意力下降方面是有差别的，不符 合题意。C 选项提到记忆力测试对缓解注意力困难问题有帮助，原文为提到。 答案：D 63. According to the passage, the root cause of the cognitive effects lies in ________. A. physical tiredness B. low oxygen content C. cognitive training D. extreme high altitude 解析：细节理解题，解决问题的关键因素题。定位到第八段“This may be how the drug seems to lessen cognitive problems linked with low oxygen”可知 cognitive problems 和 low oxygen 相关联，第二段的第二句，the lower oxygen content at altitude can lead to cognitive effects, 所以最关键的因素是高海拔处会导致大脑供氧不足，从而导致认知能力下降。所以 供氧不足是大脑内部认知能力下降的根本原因。故选 B。 答案：B 64. What is the best title for the passage? A. Fight high anxiety B. Oxiracetam—a magic drug C. Keep sharp at altitude D. Problems on high-altitude sites 解析：主旨大意题。本文首段讲 smart drug“健脑药”帮助缓解 altitude sickness“高原 反应”，中间段落按顺序叙述了“高原反应”的症状、专家们针对“高原反应”所做的实验 及其结果、“高原反应”的原因等，结尾段再次提到 oxiracetam 这种健脑药可帮助缓解“高 原反应”的大脑认知的下降，关键词：smart drug, brain smartness, cognitive ability，文章整 体围绕“高原反应”展开，故选 C。A 的主题词错误，不是 anxiety。B 没有提到大脑认知， 故错。D 太宽泛。 答案：C D If you read The fault in our stars only to find a young adult romance of Hazel Grace and Augustus Waters, then you definitely underestimate the power of sophisticated symbolism, emotions, and literature John Green offers. I remember someone saying “You don’t read a great book, it reads you.” The fault in our stars is one of those books. It gives you the concept of what cancers are like, of how children in particular fight them, reveals and reminds you of your first love in life, always the youngest and the most innocent. I will resist my urge to tell you the plot and spoil the whole story, but I promise you every single page here is worth a great deal of excitement, humor and a bunch of other stuff listed down here which I think are interesting. The book gives lives to where we find deaths. The joy of living comes in when terminal cancer is nothing more than just “a side effect of dying”, when you can laugh in the misfortunes of disease and say “I’m on a rollercoaster that only goes up, my friend.” The fault in our stars, however, starts with Hazel’s “depression” like many of us starts a new day. Thus, Hazel’s mother wants her cancer-stricken daughter to have a life, putting her in the Support Group. Later on, Issac and Augustus give her hope and something to believe in. The friendship tied by the shared intellectual curiosityand dreams. The story is so carefully plotted that even though Hazel doesn’t go to school like other kids, her life is so in touch with ours. Everyone in a while will feel as if everything goes wrong, that it sucks at being what it’s supposed to be. Bad grades, getting dumped, or even having a terminal disease. “The pain demands to be felt.” But after all, how long should it take us to give sufferings a break is subject to be viewed personally, since it would determine whether or not we become a type of Peter Van Houten, Hazel’s favorite writer in the novel. John Green also cares about your dreams and ambitions. As you read through chapters, especially toward the end, you will find out Hazel and Augustus have widely different ideas of what they think is a “good life.” Here I find a reflection of my soul in Augustus’s, with all his desire to leave a mark on the world. Such a guy he is seeking for glories and meanings of life, fearing most oblivion. Others may find themselves, in contrast, caring not about recognition. They are like Hazel Grace, seeing heroism as an act of noticing and loving and sharing. Both ideas are beautiful and proofed to be fearless to be together despite any mental or physical challenges lying on their way to the pursuit of happiness. ① “Apparently, the world is not a wish-granting factory.” The book embraces the restless, innocent desires of young minds. ② Would you care for a trip to Amsterdam when you’re at the 4th stage of cancer to find out what happens after the end of your favorite book? Would you dare to love the dying, to be okay to love when you’re dying, or to forgive yourself for hurting those who love you in case you die? ③ In the book, you will find John Green mentions about how “some infinities are greater than other infinities,” which means, I think, infinities can be defined, expanded and shrunk. ④ Infinities are created by taking chances, and if we fail while doing so, then the fault is simply in our stars, not ourselves. Funny, romantic, unputdownable and profound, The fault in our stars is definitely one of the best young adult fiction books in the century. It may touch the readers in many different ways. In here some will find humor, some will find encouragement, and some will find a book as a bond for a new love story. But if you insist that you only want to read a good love story in The fault of in our stars, that’s fine too. It’s an excellent book that reminds us of those who are important. 65. The underlined part in Paragraph 1 implies ________. A. readers’ views tend to vary on the same book B. readers choose books based on their tastes C. books are created to cater to different needs D. books can refresh readers’ memories 解析：推断判断题。根据第 1 段划线部分后句子的判断可知，The fault in our stars“是 这样一类书”，则下文 It 就是指代“这一类书”。下文 It gives you 后面的句子就是对这类书 的描述，其中包括了重大疾病、特殊的斗争和生命里的爱。这些是生命中的一个个部分。划 线的句子强调读者与书的互动性，ABCD 四个选项只有 D 涉及到书与读者的互动，而且书 的地位相比读者更加强大，D 选项满足这 2 个特点，故选 D。 答案：D 66. According to John Green, what is the basis for the friendship between Hazel and Augustus? A. Dreaming of the same good life. B. Suffering from the common disease. C. Being curious and enterprisingin life. D. Being attracted to each other for uniqueness. 解析：推断判断题。定位文章第二段第五句，“The friendship tied by the shared intellectual curiosity and dreams.”句意“他们的友谊由他们共有的求知欲和梦想连结。”正确答案为 C， 对生命中的一切有好奇心和进取心。 答案：C 67. The author believes that he is somewhat like ________. A. Hazel B. Issac C. Augustus D. Peter Van Houten 解析：推断判断题。定位文章第 3 段第 2 句后部分，“Here I find a reflection of my soul in Augustus.”句意“在 Augustus 这里我发现我的灵魂的映像。”本句与题干中的 somewhat like 同义替换，说明作者发现自己的感受与 Augustus 的观点相像。 答案：C 68. Where does the sentence “We can all learn a lot from how Hazel and Augustus take chances and make the best out of them.” belong? A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 解析：考查文脉、句子逻辑关系的把控能力。要把一个句子放入到某段合适的位置中， 首先要提取句子中的关键信息，再去段落中对应逻辑关系。本句中关键词“take chances” 和“make the best out of them”，第四段去找他们如何 take chances，这个短语与第二空后面 的 would you dare to love the dying 中的 dare 同义替换，定位到②后面讲到他们在 Hazel 癌 症晚期还去阿姆斯特丹去解开心中对于一本书的疑团，所以可以把题干中的句子放在②处。 不选④，是因为第④空处又涉及到了一个新的概念，infinities。 答案：B 69. What is to blame if we fail to create infinities? A. Our luck. B. Our desire. C. Our ability. D. Our identity. 解析：细节定位题。根据 infinities 定位到第三段后部分，读到本段最后一句“if we fail while doing so, then the fault is simply in our stars, not ourselves”，意思是如果我们尽力了，那 么失误或者失败就不在于我们自己而在于 stars，这里的 stars 意思就是 luck，take chances 与 luck 同义替换。 答案：A 70. Who is the book The fault in our stars mainlyintended for? A. Patients with terminal diseases. B. Kids wishing for a bright future. C. Adults recalling their golden days. D. Teenagers with some life experience. 解析： 考查写书目的。《星云里的错》的读者主要是哪类人群，需要在阅读全文时注意 捕捉里面的信息得出答案。第二段第六句“her life is so in touch with ours”这里的 ours 就是 关键信息，我们只需弄懂 ours 具体指哪类人就可以。在下面一行“Bad grades, getting dumped, or even having a terminal disease.”故选 D，有着一些生活经验的青少年。B 选项错在 wishing for a bright future.此书并非单纯给上进青年准备的，而更多的是，希望青少年通过此书主人 公的经历寻找各方面（积极或者消极）的共鸣。 答案：D 第四部分 任务型阅读（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个．．最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词。 Everything we do in life involves risk. In our professional lives, trying to avoid risk is itself a risk: work too cautiously, and we risk missing the chance to grow and shine, and our careers may suffer for it. We cannot avoid risk yet we often avoid thinking about it. That is a shame, because if we think strategically about risk, we can use it to increase our chances of coming through difficult situations with our goalsintact. Rather than pretending risk doesn’t exist, why not learn to manage it to our own benefit? The first step: Acknowledge the risks your projects face. Start by writing a list of the things that can go wrong. That may sound gloomy, but it’s essential. Your list need not be very thorough, and probably never can be. But try to identify common risks—like the departure of a key colleague for a new job or the failure of a new technique upon which your project depends. The types of risks you identify will depend on the specifics of your work. Once you have a list of risks, evaluate each one on two scales: •Likelihood. Force yourself to honestly assess how likely each risk is. •Impact.Then think about how much damage could occur under each situation. Now it’s time to draft a second, more-detailed list. Go back through your initial list and consider how you might make each potential negative outcome less likely to occur, and also how you might minimize the damage to your project if one does happen. In project-management term, this step is known as risk mitigation. A mitigation is anything that makes a risk less likely to spoil your overall goal. Once you have drafted your list of mitigations, the final step is to go down that list and think about which ones are “worth it”. Look at all the information you’ve gathered about your risks and mitigations, and make a call about what it makes sense to do. You probably have more intuition in this area than you realize, because most of us instinctively do risk-mitigation calculations in the nonwork areas of our lives. For instance, every time you decide whether or not to buy a guarantee on a new electronic toy, you’re doing this calculation in your head. You have probably been intuitively doing some sort of risk analysis in your work life, too. Moving to a more explicit analysis (but one that is more qualitative than quantitative—unless you like to play with numbers) can encourageyou to acknowledge when you’re making overly optimistic assumptions. And this gives you a better chance to make plans that will withstand the failure of at least a couple of those assumptions. Bringing your risk analysis out from the field of intuition can also help you overcome a tendency tooverly ignore risk. It is easier to go ahead and take a big risk when you know that you have mitigations in place and a backup plan if things go wrong. Thinking about risk can be a bit scary, but really, ignoring risk is the riskiest behavior of all. Don’t Avoid Risk—Manage It Passage outline Supporting details Introduction ●Risk is (71)▲ whatever we do. ●Risk is beneficial to us if we cope with it in a (72)▲ way. Steps to manage risk ●Admit the risks and make a list of (73)▲ errors. Whileevaluating them, make (74)▲ for likelihood and impact. ●Consider how to avoid the negative outcometo the greatest (75)▲and prevent your project from being (76)▲should it happen. ●Take advantage of your intuition to decide which risks (77)▲ your effort by analyzing all the available information. (78)▲ of risk analysis (79)▲are that you will make more realistic assumptions. Meanwhile, a backup plan will be made for you to (80)▲ up to failure. 解析：71.句意转换，定位原文第一段第一句话“Everything we do in life involves risk.” 译为“我们生活中做的每一件事情都关乎风险。”可得知“风险是无法避免的。” 72.词性转换，定位原文第二段第二句“if we think strategically about risk, we can use it to…coming through difficult situation with our goals intact.”译为“如果我们战略性的思考风险， 我们就可以利用风险来增加克服困难的可能性，并完美地实现目标。”可得知“如果我们战 略性地处理风险，风险就可有利于我们。” 73.句意转换，定位原文第三段三四行“But try to identify common risks---like the departure of a key colleague for new job or the failure of a new technique upon which your project depends.” 译为“试图确认普遍的危险，比如一个关键员工要离职或者项目所依赖的新科技失败”。可 得知这些风险都是可能或潜在的危险，即“确认风险并列出可能的/潜在的风险。” 74.句意转换，定位原文第四段“Once you have a list of risks, evaluate each one on two scales.”译为“一旦你列出了风险清单，从两个方面（即可能性和影响性）来评估每一个潜 在风险。”make allowance(s) for“考虑到，估计到（如再决策或计划时）”，即“当你评估风 险时，考虑一下可能性和影响性。” 75.句意转换，对应原文第七段第二句“consider how you might make each potential negative outcome less likely to occur, and also how you might minimize the damage to your project if one does happen.”译为“考虑如何最大限度地避免每一个潜在负面结果的发生，同 时也思考一下如果负面结果发生了，如何最大限度地减少该风险对于项目地损害。”可得知 “考虑最大程度地避免负面结果。” 76.词性转换，定位到原文的句子“…and also how you might minimize the damage to your project if one does happen.”和表格句进行比较找到核心词：damage，表格句前面有 being 为 被动句，答案 damaged 或 spoiled。 77.细节理解，对应细节“Look at all the information you’ve gathered about your risks and mitigations, and make a call about what it makes sense to do. You probably have more intuition in this area than you realize…”可以概括出你要在你行动前好好思考这么做是否值得。根据表格 中句意，此处可以填 deserve。 78.概括题，对应细节 1“Moving to a more explicit analysis can encourage you to acknowledge when you’re making overly optimistic assumptions. ”和细节 2“Bringing your risk analysis out from the field of intuition can also help you overcome a tendency to overly ignore risk.”可知这一部分在讲 risk analysis 的好处，故答案为：Benefits 或 Advantages，注意首 字母要大写。 79.原词题，定位到第九段中“And this gives you a better chance to make plans that will withstand the failure of at least a couple of those assumptions.”和表格句进行比较找到核心词： chances，答案 Chances，注意首字母大写。 80.词意转换，定位到细节 1“It is easier to go ahead and take a big risk when you know that you have mitigations in place and a backup plan if things go wrong.”和细节 2“…that will withstand the failure…”可以得出“经得住失败”，表格中转化成词组，可以填：face 或 stand。 答案：71. unavoidable/inevitable 72. strategic 73. potential/possible 74. allowance(s) 75. degree/extent 76. damaged/spoiled 77. deserve 78. Benefits/Advantages 79. Chances 80. face/stand 第五部分 书面表达（满分 25 分） 81.请认真阅读下面有关公共图书馆的文字及相关图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 Libraries have always been at the heart of the communities they serve. They are accessible and safe spaces, providing access to huge resources of information and knowledge. Libraries have played an important role in helping generations of immigrants, young people, job seekers and readers to learn, stay connected and get ahead in life. Offering access to books, newspapers and, later, computers, they opened up a world of knowledge and ideas for millions of people. The public library transcends national and cultural boundaries—no matter where you are in the world, they are an essential part of creating and maintaining an educated and literate population. But today, public libraries are at a turning point. The way we access and consume information has changed dramatically in the 21st century, and this presents major challenges and opportunities for public library systems across the world. The advent of new technologies has changed some of our reading habits. But our need for shared, community-centred spaces to find information and connect with others is unlikely to change any time soon. 【写作内容】 1. 用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容； 2. 结合上述信息，简要分析公共图书馆仍受欢迎的主要原因； 3. 就公共图书馆如何与时俱进，应对新挑战提出你的建议（不少于两点）。 【写作要求】 1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 不必写标题。 【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 文字材料和图表结合书面表达，阅读完给定的语篇资料后对阅读材料进行 30 词的概括， 并针对材料中的话题写一篇议论文。本次一模作文所给材料内容是图书馆一直是社区的中心， 帮助人们获得信息，无论在哪里，图书馆都起着至关重要的作用。但如今，我们获取信息的 方式发生了很大的变化，这对图书馆系统而言也是巨大的挑战。新的科技改变了我们一些阅 读习惯，但是我们对获取信息的场所以及和他人建立联系的需求是永远都不会改变的。此外， 有两张 图表信息，左边的图是某市图书馆读者人数的统计，从 2014 年到 2017 年，呈现 的是逐年增加的趋 势。右边的图是一张折线图，所突出展现的是青年人在图书馆读书的人 数中是最多的。 考生可以分三段写作： 第一段：用 30 词概括，三步：找（关键信息）、并（合并关键信息）、换（替换文章中 的一些原词）。尽管受到新科技以及电子书籍的影响，公共图书馆依然在我们的生活中扮演 重要的角色（第一段材料），吸引越来越多的人（左图），尤其是青年人（右图）。 第二段：简要分析公共图书馆仍受欢迎的主要原因：1.对外开放，可以免费供人们获得 最新信息资源；2.网络信息的弊端是并不是所有信息都可靠，而公共图书馆可以提供 大量 的可靠的参考书籍；3.我们依然需要能让我们专注于学习的场所，而不轻易被干扰。 第三段：就公共图书馆如何与时俱进，应对新挑战，提出建议：1.政府给予财政支持； 2.图书馆的设施得到相应的更新，图书馆工作人员应更专业；小结，只有这样，图书馆的发 展才会越来越好，满足不同人的需求。 答案：略。