2020年高考真题+高考模拟题 专项版解析汇编 英语—— 07 阅读理解说明、议论文（教师版）

2020年高考真题+高考模拟题 专项版解析汇编 英语—— 07 阅读理解说明、议论文（教师版）

‎2020年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编 专题07 阅读理解说明、议论文 一、2020年高考真题 说明文 ‎1. 【2020·全国卷I，C】‎ Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.‎ Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.‎ Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.‎ However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.‎ As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.‎ ‎1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?‎ A. They must run long distances.‎ B. They are qualified for the marathon.‎ C. They have to follow special rules.‎ D. They are good at swinging their legs.‎ ‎2. What advantage does race walking have over running?‎ A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.‎ B. It’s less challenging physically.‎ C. It’s more effective in body building.‎ D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.‎ ‎3. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?‎ A. Getting experts’ opinions.‎ B. Having a medical checkup.‎ C. Hiring an experienced coach.‎ D. Doing regular exercises.‎ ‎4. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?‎ A. Skeptical. B. Objective.‎ C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.‎ ‎【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。‎ ‎1. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。‎ ‎2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。‎ ‎3. A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr. Norberg说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A 项。‎ ‎4. B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。‎ ‎2. 【2020·全国卷I，D】‎ The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.‎ The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.‎ One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.‎ In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.‎ Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.‎ ‎1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A. A new study of different plants.‎ B. A big fall in crime rates.‎ C. Employees from various workplaces.‎ D. Benefits from green plants.‎ ‎2. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?‎ A. To detect plants’ lack of water B. To change compositions of plants C. To make the life of plants longer.‎ D. To test chemicals in plants.‎ ‎3. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?‎ A. They will speed up energy production.‎ B. They may transmit electricity to the home.‎ C. They might help reduce energy consumption.‎ D. They could take the place of power plants.‎ ‎4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A. Can we grow more glowing plants?‎ B. How do we live with glowing plants?‎ C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?‎ D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?‎ ‎【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。‎ ‎1. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。‎ ‎2. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their ‎ leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。‎ ‎3. C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。‎ ‎4. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。‎ ‎3. 【2020·全国卷II，B】‎ ‎ Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.‎ Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.‎ The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.‎ ‎“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.‎ The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of ‎ children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.‎ The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.‎ ‎1. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?‎ A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills.‎ C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.‎ ‎2. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？‎ A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination.‎ C. Parents’ education. D. Child-parent relationship.‎ ‎3. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?‎ A. They play with puzzles more often.‎ B. They tend to talk less during the game.‎ C. They prefer to use more spatial language.‎ D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.‎ ‎4. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study.‎ C. A woman psychologist D. A teaching program.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。‎ ‎1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中…found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。‎ ‎2. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine 在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。‎ ‎3. D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。‎ ‎4. B【解析】主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。‎ ‎4. 【2020·全国卷II，C】‎ ‎ When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).‎ Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.‎ Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.‎ Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.‎ The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.‎ Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.‎ Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally ‎ acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.‎ ‎28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?‎ A. To promote guilt-free fur.‎ B. To expand the fashion market.‎ C. To introduce a new brand.‎ D. To celebrate a winter holiday.‎ ‎29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?‎ A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.‎ B. Nutria are an endangered species.‎ C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.‎ D. Nutria are illegally hunted.‎ ‎30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?‎ A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.‎ ‎31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?‎ A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎28. A ‎29. A ‎30. D ‎31. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。‎ ‎28. ‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree,‎ ‎ project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。‎ ‎29. ‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。‎ ‎30. ‎ 词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。‎ ‎31. ‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。‎ ‎5. 【2020·全国卷III，D】‎ We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.‎ On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation — not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds ‎ of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.‎ Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”‎ In2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.‎ ‎32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?‎ A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human evolution.‎ C. Recent findings of human origin. D. Significance of food selection.‎ ‎33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?‎ A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.‎ ‎34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?‎ A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing.‎ C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water.‎ ‎35. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The World’s Best Divers ‎【答案】‎ ‎32. B ‎33. D ‎34. C ‎35. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。‎ ‎32. ‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段的we are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knowledge of human evolution.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。‎ ‎33. ‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段的The Bajau, as these people are known, number in hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally live on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts in coastal waters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D. Off the coast.(沿海)符合以上说法，故选D项。‎ ‎34. ‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段的we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They could stay long underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。‎ ‎35. ‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaption-not to air or to food, but to the ocean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at ‎ Sea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。‎ ‎5. 【2020·山东卷，D】‎ ‎ According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.‎ To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.‎ Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.‎ For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.‎ The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?‎ ‎12. What is the recent study mainly about?‎ A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.‎ C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.‎ ‎13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?‎ A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.‎ C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.‎ ‎14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?‎ A. To see how she would affect the participants.‎ B. To test if the participants could recognize her.‎ C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.‎ D. To study why she could keep her weight down.‎ ‎15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?‎ A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.‎ C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎12. D ‎13. D ‎14. A ‎15. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。‎ ‎12. ‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。‎ ‎13. ‎ 词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反。故选D。‎ ‎14. ‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers ‎ conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。‎ ‎15. ‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。‎ 议论文 ‎1. 【2020·天津卷，D】‎ After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.‎ Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”‎ Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.‎ ‎“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.‎ Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have ‎ to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.‎ How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.‎ One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.‎ However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.‎ ‎51. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.‎ A. propose a definition B. make a comparison C. reach a conclusion D. present an argument ‎52. What does the example of Galileo tell us?‎ A. Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.‎ B. Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.‎ C. Creativity results from challenging authority.‎ D. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.‎ ‎53. What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?‎ A. Observe the unknown around you.‎ B. Develop a questioning mind.‎ C. Lead a life of adventure.‎ D. Follow the fashion.‎ ‎54. What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?‎ A. Gaining success helps you become an expert.‎ B. The genius tends to get things done creatively.‎ C. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.‎ D. You should remain modest when approaching perfection.‎ ‎55. What could be the best tile or the passage?‎ A. Curious Minds Never Feel Contented B. Reflections on Human Nature C. The Keys to Achievement D. Never Too Late to Learn ‎【答案】‎ ‎51. D ‎52. D ‎53. B ‎54. C ‎55. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。‎ ‎51. ‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。‎ ‎52. ‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。‎ ‎53. ‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked ‎ in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。‎ ‎54. ‎ 推理判断题。根据第六段中的How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.及第七段中的You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.以及列举了Thomas Costain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Moses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。‎ ‎55. ‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys to Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。‎ ‎2. 【2020·江苏卷，D】‎ I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.‎ We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity. It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.‎ Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules.‎ ‎ We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.‎ After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.‎ In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.‎ Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant(无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.‎ I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.‎ In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.‎ We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six ‎ hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.‎ ‎65. How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?‎ A. Out of place. B. Full of joy. C. Sleepy. D. Regretful.‎ ‎66. What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?‎ A. He learned more about the local language.‎ B. They had a nice conversation with each other.‎ C. They understood each other while playing.‎ D. He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.‎ ‎67. Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?‎ A. The question was too straightforward.‎ B. Juan knew so little about the world.‎ C. The author didn’t know how to answer.‎ D. The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.‎ ‎68. What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?‎ A. To sort out what we have known.‎ B. To deepen his research into Amazonians.‎ C. To improve his reputation as a biologist.‎ D. To learn more about local cultures.‎ ‎69. How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?‎ A. They shifted their viewpoints frequently.‎ B. They followed other scientists closely.‎ C. They often criticized their fellow scientists.‎ D. They conducted in-depth and close studies.‎ ‎70. What could be the most suitable title for the passage?‎ A. The Possible and the Impossible .‎ B. The Known and the Unknown .‎ C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .‎ D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎65. A ‎66. C ‎67. B ‎68. A ‎69. D ‎70. B ‎【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。‎ ‎65. ‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段“We didn’t speak the local language, did not know the customs and more often than not, didn’t entirely recognize the food. We couldn’t have felt more foreign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A项。‎ ‎66. ‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C项。‎ ‎67. ‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段“In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.”可知，在胡安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这个世界知之甚少。故选B项。‎ ‎68. ‎ 推理判断题。根据第七段“I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new spider...,and on and on they appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species ...I started a third drawer for these big discoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章……‎ 它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。‎ ‎69. ‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“but they pay more attention to them ,and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion ,and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D项。‎ ‎70. ‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程中，作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为“已知和未知的事物”。故选B项。‎ 二、2020届模拟题 说明文 一、2020届云南省昆明市第一中学高三第六次考前基础强化 Explorers started making navigation (导航) charts showing how wide the ocean was more than 500 years ago. But it’s much harder to calculate how deep it is.‎ In 1872 the HMS Challenger, a British Navy ship, set sail to learn about the ocean, including its depth. It carried 181 miles (291 kilometers) of rope to measure the depth of the ocean. During their four-year voyage, the Challenger crew collected samples of rocks, mud and animals from many different areas of the ocean. They also found one of the deepest zones, in the western Pacific, the Mariana Trench which stretches for 1,580 miles (2,540 kilometers).‎ Today scientists know that on average the ocean is 2.3 miles (3.7 kilometers) deep, but many parts are much shallower or deeper. To measure depth they use sonar, which stands for Sound Navigation And Ranging. A ship sends out pulses of sound energy and measures depth based on how quickly the sound travels back.‎ Ocean scientists like me study the sea floor because it helps us better measure the ocean. Our planet’s outer, layer is made of tectonic plates. The Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount chain, a line of ‎ peaks on the ocean floor, was created when a tectonic plate moved over a spot where hot rock welled up from deep inside the Earth. When two tectonic plates move away from each other underwater, new material rises up into Earths layer. This process, which creates new ocean floor, is called seafloor spreading. Sometimes super-hot liquids from inside the Earth shoot up through cracks in the ocean floor called hydrothermal vents.‎ Amazing fish, shellfish, tube worms and other life forms live in these zones. Between the creation and destruction of ocean plates, sediments (沉淀物) collect on the sea floor and provide an archive of Earth’s history, the evolution of climate and life that is available nowhere else.‎ ‎1．Why did the HMS Challenger make the voyage?‎ A．To test navigation. B．To calculate the age of the ocean.‎ C．To explore the ocean. D．To do research into Mariana Trench.‎ ‎2．How do scientists know the depth of the ocean?‎ A．By measuring it with ropes.‎ B．By studying samples of rocks and mud.‎ C．By analyzing the habitats of the animals.‎ D．By studying the returning speed of the sound.‎ ‎3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?‎ A．Certain changes of the sea floor.‎ B．The layers that make up the Earth.‎ C．The way that a volcano comes into being.‎ D．Some definitions of the seafloor spreading.‎ ‎4．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．How Deep Is the Ocean? B．How Is the Ocean Studied?‎ C．Ocean: An Unknown World D．Nature: A Place for Wildlife ‎【答案】‎ ‎1．C ‎2．D ‎3．A ‎4．A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“探测海洋有多深” ，科学家们已经探测出海洋的宽度，但是对于海洋深度的探索仍然没有定论，而对于海底的研究，也能帮助人们更好地测量海洋。‎ ‎1．细节理解题。根据第二段首句“In 1872 the HMS Challenger, a British Navy ship, set sail to learn about the ocean, including its depth.”可知，英国皇家海军“挑战者号”启航出海的目的是探索海洋。故选C。‎ ‎2．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“A ship sends out pulses of sound energy and measures depth based on how quickly the sound travels back.”可知，船只发出声能脉冲，进而根据声音回传的频度来测定海洋的深度。故选D。‎ ‎3．主旨大意题。“Ocean scientists like me study the sea floor because it helps us better measure the ocean.”为第四段主题句。本段支撑细节围绕主题句展开。当海底（构造）板块移动时，地球内部热岩迸发而出，形成海底山峰，海底格局发生变化，不同地点的深浅度随之而变。研究海底状况利于更好地准确测量大海。故选A。‎ ‎4．主旨大意题。文章首段提出问题，即计算海洋的深度是一件困难的事；第二段讲述英国皇家海军“挑战者号”为此进行的探索；第三段叙述科学家利用声能脉冲测量海洋的深度；第四、五段着重讲了海底发生的地壳变化及生态状况。全文围绕“探测海洋到底有多深”这一主题由浅入深展开。故选A。‎ 二、2020届山东省威海市文登区高三下学期一轮总复习 Recently, researchers at the University of Toronto figured out a way with a quick video selfie to accurately measure blood pressure with your smartphone’s camera by developing a technology known as transdermal optical imaging (TOI)(透皮光学成像).‎ Cameras on smartphones can catch red light reflected from hemoglobin (血红素）under our skin, which permits TOI to visualize and measure blood flow changes. Researchers measured the blood pressure of 1,328 Canadian and Chinese adults by getting two-minute videos of their faces on an iPhone. “From the video got by the technology, you can see how the blood flows in different parts of the face and through this flow, you can get a lot of information,” said Kang Lee, lead author of the study.‎ Lee also helped create an app called Anura, which allows people to try out the TOI software for themselves, giving them the ability to record a 30-second video of their face and receive ‎ measurements for stress levels and resting heart rate. Lee said more research was needed to make sure that the measurements were as accurate as possible, explaining that the study didn’t test people with very dark or very fair skin.‎ ‎“In order to improve our app to make it usable, particularly for people with hypertension (高血压)，we need to collect a lot of data from them, which is very hard because a lot of them are already taking medicine,” Lee explained. “We cannot tell them not to take medicine, but from time to time, we get participants who don’t take medicine so we can get hypertensive people this way.”‎ The scientists said there were many potential applications of the technology, including providing health services for those who lived in remote areas.‎ ‎5．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2？‎ A．Information offered by TOI. B．New findings on hypertension.‎ C．How TOI is put into smart phones. D．How the TOI technology works.‎ ‎6．What might people benefit from the new technology mentioned above?‎ A．Living a life free from stress. B．Improving the heart function gradually.‎ C．Accessing health services for free. D．Knowing abnormal blood pressure earlier.‎ ‎7．What can be done for a better Anura?‎ A．Equipping phones with better cameras.‎ B．Allowing phones to record longer videos.‎ C．Collecting data from more diverse samples.‎ D．Persuading participants not to take medicine.‎ ‎8．Why does the author write this text?‎ A．To predict future applications of TOI.‎ B．To introduce TOI and an app related.‎ C．To describe functions of cameras on phones.‎ D．To evaluate the quality of an app called Anura.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎5．D ‎6．D ‎7．C ‎8．B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新科技。多伦多大学的研究人员想出了一种快速视频自拍的方法，通过开发一种称为透皮光学成像的技术，用智能手机的相机准确地测量血压。文章还介绍了与之相关的手机应用软件。‎ ‎5．主旨大意题。根据第二段首句Cameras on smartphones can catch red light reflected from hemoglobin (血红素）under our skin, which permits TOI to visualize and measure blood flow changes. 可知，智能手机上的相机可以捕捉从我们皮肤下的血红蛋白反射的红光，这允许透皮光学成像可视化和测量血流变化。因此推断本段主要讲述TOI科技如何起作用的。故选D。‎ ‎6．推理判断题。根据第二段的From the video got by the technology, you can see how the blood flows in different parts of the face and through this flow, you can get a lot of information（从技术获得的视频中，你可以看到血液是如何在面部的不同部位流动的，通过这种流动，你可以得到很多信息）和第三段的giving them the ability to record a 30-second video of their face and receive measurements for stress levels and resting heart rate.（让他们能够记录30秒的面部视频，并收到压力水平和静息心率的测量。）可推断，这项新技术可以让人们较早知道不正常的血压。故选D。‎ ‎7．细节理解题。根据第三段的Lee said more research was needed to make sure that the measurements were as accurate as possible, explaining that the study didn’t test people with very dark or very fair skin.（李说，需要更多的研究来确保测量尽可能准确，解释说这项研究没有测试皮肤非常暗或非常白皙的人。）可知，需要收集更多不同的样本才能改进Anura。故选C。‎ ‎8．推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了一种新科技 TOI ，研究人员想出了一种快速视频自拍的方法，通过开发一种称为透皮光学成像的技术，用智能手机的相机准确地测量血压。接下来介绍了应用这项科技研发出的手机应用。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍TOI和相关应用程序。故选B。‎ 三、2020届浙江省舟山中学高三高考仿真模拟考试 Summer is here, and with it comes a chance you'll get too much sun. While there's no cure for sunburn, a small but fascinating new study suggests taking large amounts of vitamin D after exposure may prevent the associated redness and inflammation (发炎).‎ In the paper, researchers exposed 20 volunteers to a light resembling solar radiation to induce a ‎ sunburn on a small piece of skin. They then gave the ''burn victims'' large amounts of vitamin D, and followed up with participants one, two and three days (and a week) later to measure skin redness and thickness. The researchers found that vitamin D decreased inflammation and redness, compared with taking a placebo (安慰剂). And this effect increased in proportion to how much was consumed. Vitamin D also appears to increase the activity of a gene called arginase-1, which is involved in tissue repair and healing. Taking 50, 000 international units (IU) of vitamin D--125 times the recommended daily allowance-led to a significant reduction in redness and inflammation, compared with the placebo. Those who took 100,000 IU had even less redness and pain; and those who took 200, 000 IU had the greatest reduction in inflammation.‎ This is the first study to show vitamin D can reduce inflammation, and suggests that it ''could potentially help prevent sunburn, '' says senior author Kurt Lu, a physician scientist and assistant professor at Case Western Reserve University.‎ It used to be thought vitamin D was primarily involved in building healthy bones and muscles, but recent research has found it has many more roles, including influencing inflammation, such as the kind associated with sunburns.‎ So, if you get burned, should you take a lot of vitamin D? The study authors don't recommend it. ''I think that's probably not a good idea and not well established by this study, '' says Barbara Gilchrest, a physician scientist at Massachusetts General Hospital. Such large amounts, if taken repeatedly, have the potential to cause vitamin D toxicity (毒性).‎ ‎9．What does this passage mainly talk about?‎ A．An unusual method for relieving sunburn.‎ B．Tips for how to travel safely in summer.‎ C．A suggestion on taking vitamin D properly.‎ D．Advice on how to take medicine effectively.‎ ‎10．How do the researchers confirm the healing effect of taking vitamin D?‎ A．By observing the inflammation of skin every day.‎ B．By measuring the thickness of skin after a week.‎ C．By increasing the daily volume of vitamin D．By comparing the effect with that of placebo.‎ ‎11．Figures are used in paragraph 2 in order to ______.‎ A．recommend the daily intake B．argue against the benefits of more Vitamin D C．show the more Vitamin D, the greater benefits D．stress the potential danger of too much Vitamin D ‎12．What can be inferred about the function of vitamin D?‎ A．Repeatedly taking large amounts of Vitamin D is beneficial.‎ B．Vitamin D may bring more advantages to us than what has been found out.‎ C．Don't take vitamin D unless your doctor approves you to do it.‎ D．Vitamin D is more useful for curing sunburn than building healthy bones.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎9．A ‎10．D ‎11．C ‎12．B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了一项研究表明，维生素D不仅可以参与骨骼和肌肉的构建，还可以有效的减轻晒伤或烧伤后的红肿或炎症。但并不建议大量或反复使用，因为有可能会导致维生素D中毒。‎ ‎9．‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的While there's no cure for sunburn, a small but fascinating new study suggests taking large amounts of vitamin D after exposure may prevent the associated redness and inflammation (发炎).(尽管晒伤是无法治愈的，但一项规模不大但很有吸引力的研究表明，在晒了之后服用大量的维他命D可以防止与此有关的红肿和炎症。)可知，本文主要介绍了不同寻常的减轻晒伤的方法——服用大量维生素D。A. An unusual method for relieving sunburn.(一种不寻常的减轻晒伤的方法)符合以上说法，故选A项。‎ ‎10．‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段They then gave the ''burn victims'' large amounts of vitamin D, and followed up with participants one, two and three days (and a week) later to measure skin redness and ‎ thickness. The researchers found that vitamin D decreased inflammation and redness, compared with taking a placebo (安慰剂). (然后，他们给“烧伤患者”大量维生素D，并在一天、两天和三天(和1周)后对参与者进行跟进，测量皮肤发红程度和厚度。研究发现，和服用安慰剂相比，服用维他命D减轻红肿和炎症。)可知，研究人员通过对比服用维他命D和服用安慰剂的效果，来证实维他命D的消肿和消炎作用。D. By comparing the effect with that of placebo.(通过对比服用安慰剂的效果)符合以上说法，故选D项。‎ ‎11．‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段的Taking 50,000 international units(IU) of vitamin D-125 times the recommended daily allowance-led to a significant reduction in redness and inflammation, compared with the placebo. Those who took 100,000 IU had even less redness and pain; and those who took 200,000 IU had the greatest reduction in inflammation.(与安慰剂相比，服用50,000国际单位(IU)的维生素D(每日推荐摄入量125倍)可显著减轻红肿和炎症。服用100,000 IU的人发红和疼痛症状更轻；而那些服用200，000IU的人炎症减轻的最多。)可知，服用维生素越多，红肿和炎症现象减轻的越多。C. show the more Vitamin D, the greater benefits(表明服用维生素D越多，好处越多)符合以上说法，故选C项。‎ ‎12．‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段It used to be thought vitamin D was primarily involved in building healthy bones and muscles, but recent research has found it has many more roles, including influencing inflammation(过去人们认为维生素D主要与骨骼和肌肉的健康有关，但最近的研究发现，它还有更多的作用，包括影响炎症。)可推测，维他命D的作用远比我们已经发现的要多。 B. Vitamin D may bring more advantages to us than what has been found out.(维他命D带来的好处比我们已经发现的要多)符合以上说法，故选B项。‎ 四、2020届安徽师范大学附属中学高三6月第十次模拟 ‎ What do the random, scribbled (潦草的)drawings crowding the margins (页边空白处) of most high school students' papers mean? When a student is caught doodling (乱画) in class, he will probably be criticized for daydreaming. But doodling while listening can help with remembering details, rather than implying that the mind is wandering, according to a study published in the scientific journal Applied Cognitive Psychology.‎ In an experiment conducted by the Medical Research Council’s Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, 40 subjects were asked to listen to a two-minute tape giving several names of ‎ people and places. Half of the participants were asked to shade in shapes on a piece of paper at the same time, without paying attention to neatness, while the rest were given no such instructions. After the tape had finished, all participants in the study were asked to recall the names of people and places. The doodlers recalled on average 7.5 names of people and places, compared to only 5.8 by the non-doodlers.‎ ‎“If someone is doing a boring task, like listening to a dull telephone conversation, they may start to daydream.” said study researcher, Professor Jackie Andrade, of the School of Psychology, University of Plymouth. “Daydreaming distracts them from the task, resulting in poorer performance. A simple task, like doodling, may be sufficient (足够的) to stop daydreaming without affecting performance on the main task.”‎ ‎“In psychology, tests of memory or attention will often use a second task to selectively block a particular mental process. If that process is important for the main task, then performance will be impaired. But my research suggests that in everyday life doodling may be something we do because it helps to keep us on track with a boring task, rather than being an unnecessary distraction (分心) that we should try to resist doing.” said Andrade.‎ Dan Ware, a social study teacher, used to consider doodling a distraction from learning, but after teaching kids with all personality types he learned scribbling away during lectures helps certain students remember more information. “In my first few years of teaching, I thought, ‘Well, this kid isn’t paying attention. He’s daydreaming.’ But I had some really powerful experiences with students and came to understand in many cases that was their way of focusing, and those students were probably paying more attention than other students.” Ware said.‎ ‎13．What do we know about the participants involved in the experiment?‎ A．Some were asked to note down the information neatly.‎ B．Some were asked to memorize the names they would hear.‎ C．Some were instructed to listen to the tape with full attention.‎ D．Some were instructed to make random drawings on paper.‎ ‎14．What does the underlined word “impaired” in paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A．Improved. B．Weakened.‎ C．Stopped. D．Repaired.‎ ‎15．Which of the following will both Jackie Andrade and Dan Ware agree with?‎ A．Doodling helps some people focus. B．Doodling makes a dull task interesting.‎ C．Students who doodle perform poorly. D．Students who doodle lack concentration.‎ ‎16．What is the best title of the text?‎ A．Daydreaming Can Sharpen Study Skills B．Doodling Can Help Memory Recall C．A Wandering Mind Improves Productivity D．Distractions Harm Academic Performance ‎【答案】‎ ‎13．D ‎14．B ‎15．A ‎16．B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了与传统思维认为的边听边涂鸦是走神的表现不同，实质上边听边涂鸦是有助于记忆的，教授Jackie Andrade的实验和教师Dan Ware的教学经历进行了该观点的证实。‎ ‎13．‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Half of the participants were asked to shade in shapes on a piece of paper at the same time, without paying attention to neatness, while the rest were given no such instructions.”可知，在实验中，一半的参与者被要求同时在纸上给形状涂上阴影，不注意整洁，而剩下的人没有得到这样的指示，即：有一部分参与者可以在纸上随意涂画。选项D“Some were instructed to make random drawings on paper.( 一些参与者被要求在纸上随意画画。)”与原文内容表达信息一致。故选D项。‎ ‎14．‎ 词义猜测题。根据划线单词句之后存在了“but”句，可知，“but”句与划线句应是转折关系。分析“But my research suggests that in everyday life doodling may be something we do because it helps to keep us on track with a boring task, rather than being an unnecessary distraction that we should try to resist doing.( 但我的研究表明，在日常生活中，涂鸦可能是我们做的事情，因为它有助于让我们跟上无聊的任务，而不是一个不必要的我们应该努力抵制的分心。)”可知，but 句在解释涂鸦的对于“无聊任务”的有益作用，因此可推知，划线单词“impaired”应是与but句中的“help”为反义词关系，“impaired”可以理解为“没有帮助”或“损害”含义，与选项B“Weakened.(变弱)”表达含义一致。故选B项。‎ ‎15．‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“But my research suggests that in everyday life doodling may be something we do because it helps to keep us on track with a boring task, rather than being an unnecessary distraction that we should try to resist doing.”可知，Jackie Andrade的研究表明，在日常生活中，涂鸦有助于跟上无聊的任务，而不是一个不必要的分心；文章第五段内容“but after teaching kids with all personality types he learned scribbling away during lectures helps certain students remember more information.”可知，Dan Ware在教授了所有性格类型的孩子之后，了解到在课堂上涂鸦有助于某些学生记住更多信息。因此可推知，在他们看来，涂鸦是有助于在任务中或课堂中集中精力的。故选A项。‎ ‎16．‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章体裁为说明文，文章结构为总分结构可知，文章首段提出主旨要义：But doodling while listening can help with remembering details, rather than implying that the mind is wandering, according to a study published in the scientific journal Applied Cognitive Psychology.( 但是根据发表在科学期刊《应用认知心理学》上的一项研究，边听边涂鸦有助于记忆细节，而不是暗示走神。)可知，本文主要讲述了涂鸦对于记忆是有益的，同时文章的其他段落分别从Jackie Andrade的实验和教师Dan Ware的教学经历两个方面进行了该主题的阐述。选项B“Doodling Can Help Memory Recall(涂鸦可以帮助记忆)”贴合主旨要义，为最佳标题。故选B项。‎ 议论文 ‎2020届山东省威海市文登区高三下学期一轮总复习 America’s first transcontinental railroad, completed 150 years ago today at Promontory Summit in Utah, connected the vast United States and brought America into the modern age. Chinese immigrants contributed greatly to this notable achievement, but the historical accounts that followed often ignored their role.‎ Between 1863 and 1869, as many as 20,000 Chinese workers helped build the dangerous western part of the railroad, a winding ribbon of track known as the Central Pacific. At first, the Central Pacific Railroad’s directors wanted a whites-only workforce. When not enough white men ‎ signed up, the railroad began hiring Chinese men for the backbreaking labor. Company leaders were skeptical of the new recruits’ ability to do the work, but they proved themselves not only capable but even superior to the other workers.‎ Chinese workers cut through dense forests, filled deep narrow steep-sided valley, constructed long trestles(高架桥) and built enormous retaining walls(防护墙) -- some of which remain complete and undamaged today. All work was done by hand using carts, shovels and picks but no machinery. However, progress came at great cost: an estimated 1,200 Chinese laborers died along the Central Pacific route.‎ Despite these facts, Chinese workers were often left out of the official story because of their identity of foreigners. On the transcontinental railroad's 100th birthday, the Chinese workers were still not honored. It was another fifty years later that their role was gradually highlighted. To celebrate the railroad’s 150th anniversary in 2019, the California assembly passed a resolution in 2017 to recognize and honor the Chinese railroad workers by designating May 10, 2017, and every May 10 thereafter, as California Chinese Railroad Workers Memorial Day.‎ ‎1．What might be the best title for the text?‎ A．The Birth of the Central Pacific Cost Dearly B．May 10--A Special Day for Chinese Immigrants C．Chinese Workers’ Contributions Gained Recognition D．The 150th anniversary of the Central Pacific Railroad ‎2．What does “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Chinese laborers. B．White workers.‎ C．Company leaders. D．Railroad directors.‎ ‎3．Why does the author make such detailed descriptions in Paragraph 3?‎ A．To prove Chinese workers’ superior skills.‎ B．To stress the danger and difficulty of the work.‎ C．To describe the grand scenery along the railroad.‎ D．To show notable achievements made by Chinese workers.‎ ‎4．What does the text intend to tell us?‎ A．None so blind as those who won’t see. B．No pains, no gains.‎ C．Truth will come to light sooner or later. D．Doing is better than saying.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1．C ‎2．A ‎3．B ‎4．C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了中国移民对美国第一条横贯大陆的铁路作出的巨大贡献，但随后的历史叙述忽视他们的作用。但是纸包不住火，最终中国工人做出的贡献得以被认可。‎ ‎1．主旨大意题。根据第一段的Chinese immigrants contributed greatly to this notable achievement, but the historical accounts that followed often ignored their role.以及最后一段的To celebrate the railroad’s 150th anniversary in 2019, the California assembly passed a resolution in 2017 to recognize and honor the Chinese railroad workers by designating May 10, 2017, and every May 10 thereafter, as California Chinese Railroad Workers Memorial Day.最终，中国工人的贡献得以被认可，因此推断，文章主要讲述了中国移民对美国第一条横贯大陆的铁路作出的巨大贡献，但随后的历史叙述忽视他们的作用。但是纸包不住火，最终中国工人做出的贡献得以被认可。因此推断C项“中国工人的贡献得到了认可 ”为最佳标题。故选C。‎ ‎2．词义猜测题。根据上文When not enough white men signed up, the railroad began hiring Chinese men for the backbreaking labor. Company leaders were skeptical of the new recruits’ ability to do the work可知，当没有足够的白人报名时，铁路开始雇用中国男子从事艰苦的劳动。公司领导对新员工的工作能力表示怀疑，因此推断划线句“但他们证明自己不仅有能力，甚至优于其他工人。”中they指代上文提的中国劳动力。故选A。‎ ‎3．推理判断题。通读第三段可知，本段主要阐述中国工人穿过茂密的森林，深谷狭窄陡峭，建造了高架桥，建造了巨大的防护墙——其中一些至今仍然完整和无损。没有机械所有的工作都是用手推车、铲子和镐手工完成的。 进展付出了巨大的代价：估计有1200名中国劳工在铁路建设中死亡。因此推断详细描述修建铁路的工作过程是为了强调工作的危险和困难。故选B。‎ ‎4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的 To celebrate the railroad’s 150th anniversary in 2019, the California assembly passed a resolution in 2017 to recognize and honor the Chinese railroad ‎ workers by designating May 10, 2017, and every May 10 thereafter, as California Chinese Railroad Workers Memorial Day.（为了庆祝2019年铁路150周年，加州议会在2017年通过了一项决议，指定2017年5月10日和此后每5月10日为加州中国铁路工人纪念日，以表彰和纪念中国铁路工人。）可推断，尽管历史中国工人对铁路的贡献一直不被认可，但是最终在2017年他们的奉献得以承认。故C项“纸包不住火”是文章要告诉读者的。故选C。‎ ‎2019届模拟题 说明文 ‎1.河南省实验中学2019届高考全真模拟 最后一卷 科普类 Solar energy systems & power plants do not produce air pollution, water pollution, or greenhouse gases. Using solar energy can have a positive, indirect effect on the environment, when solar energy replaces or reduces the use of other energy sources that have larger effects on the environment.‎ However, some poisonous materials and chemicals are used to make the photovoltaic ( 光电池的) cells that convert sunlight into electricity. Some solar thermal (保热的) systems use potentially hazardous liquids to transfer heat. Leaks of these materials could be harmful to the environment. U. S. environmental laws regulate the use and settlement of these types of materials.‎ As with any type of power plant, large solar power plants can affect the environment near their locations. The placement of the power plant may have long-term effects on the habitats of native plants and animals. Some solar power plants may require water for cleaning solar collectors and concentrators or for cooling turbine generators. Using large volumes of ground water or surface water in some dry locations may affect the ecosystems that depend on these water resources. In addition, the beam of concentrated sunlight a solar power tower creates can kill birds and insects that fly into the beam.‎ The amount of solar energy that the earth receives each day is many times greater than the total amount of all energy that people consume each day. However, on the surface of the earth, solar energy is a variable and irregular energy source. The amount of sunlight and the intensity of sunlight varies by time of day and location. Weather and climate conditions affect the availability of sunlight ‎ daily and on a seasonal basis. The type and size of a solar energy collection and conversion system determines how much of the available solar energy we can convert into useful energy.‎ ‎1. Which of the following best explains "hazardous" underlined in paragraph 2?‎ A. inexpensive B. dangerous C. ineffective D. abnormal ‎2. What influence can large solar power plants have on the locations?‎ A. Polluting the ground water.‎ B. Protecting the habitats of plants and animals.‎ C. Damaging the local natural balance.‎ D. Attracting birds and insects to the area.‎ ‎3. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?‎ A. Different areas receive different amount of solar energy.‎ B. How to convert solar energy into useful energy.‎ C. The relationship between solar energy collection and the sunlight.‎ D. Some factors that influence the amount of solar energy collection.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太阳能发电的潜在弊端以及影响太阳能收集量的几个因素。‎ ‎1.B ‎ ‎【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“However, some poisonous materials and chemicals are used to make the photovoltaic ( 光电池的) cells that convert sunlight into electricity.”可知，然而，一些有毒的材料和化学物质被用来制造将阳光转化为电能的光伏电池，一些太阳能保温系统使用潜在危险的液体来传递热量，由此可知画线词词义为“危险的”，故B项正确。‎ ‎2. C ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The placement of the power plant may have long-term effects on the habitats of native plants and animals.”可知，大型太阳能发电厂的选址可能会对当地动植物的栖息地产生长期的影响，也就是会破坏当地自然平衡，故C项正确。‎ ‎3.D ‎ ‎【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“However, on the surface of the earth, solar energy is a variable and irregular energy source. The amount of sunlight and the intensity of sunlight varies by time of day and location. Weather and climate conditions affect the availability of sunlight ‎ daily and on a seasonal basis.”可知，在地球表面，太阳能是一种可变的和不规则的能源，阳光的数量和强度随着一天的时间和地点而变化，天气和气候条件影响每日和季节性的阳光供应，由此可知，本段主要介绍的是影响太阳能收集量的几个因素，故D项正确。‎ ‎2.山东省潍坊市2019届高三上学期期中考试 说明文 Digital grounding is when parents or caregivers limit or completely take away access to technology from children. According to a study conducted by Pew Research，65％of parents have digitally grounded their teen by taking away their teen’s cellphone or internet access as punishment. ‎ Because children are so connected with their technologies, digital grounding may seem like a logical step for parents. Take away a child’s most cherished item and they will quickly learn from their behavior. But the idea of digital grounding isn’t as clear—cut as that. Instead, it may be a lose-lose situation for parents and kids, alike. ‎ For most parents, the goal of grounding isn’t to make their children unhappy or sad. It is to teach a lesson in the hope that they won’t engage in whatever behavior got them in trouble in the first place. Unfortunately, though, digital grounding is often just punishment, not discipline. If a child stays out past curfew(约定的最晚回家时间), a punishment would be hitting or yelling at them. Discipline would be not letting them go out the next weekend because they failed to follow rules. ‎ We’ve all been there—we’ve caught our child doing something wrong and in the heat of the moment laid out a strict punishment. We may have been feeling hot—headed, embarrassed, or upset. Often, though, these punishments don’t align with the bad behavior. ‎ While digital grounding may solve the problem temporarily, it won’t provide children with the guidance they need to act appropriately in the future. Instead of grounding, show your child what they did wrong and give them the chance to act differently. This way, they will learn from their mistakes in a practical manner and figure out ways to be safe and smart with technology. ‎ There’s no denying it：technology is here for the long-haul. This is why some parenting experts don’t recommend digitally grounding your children. It doesn’t focus on the end goal of safe behavior. They recommend teaching them good habits as soon as possible, rather than taking away their technology. By digitally grounding them, you are putting a bandage over the wound, rather than treating it. ‎ Now, when we say that digital grounding is a lose-lose situation, we’re not saying that ‎ disciplining your children in general is a lose—lose situation. Discipline is a great way to teach children lessons, when used appropriately. ‎ ‎1. Which of the following is a form of discipline?‎ A. Hitting or yelling at children. ‎ B. Laying out a strict punishment in the heat of the moment. ‎ C. Taking away access to cellphones from children completely. ‎ D. Forbidding kids to go out the next weekend if they stay out past curfew. ‎ ‎2. What does the author think of digital grounding?‎ A. It benefits children greatly. ‎ B. It is no better than disciplining. ‎ C. Parents can use it to correct kids’behavior. ‎ D. Neither parents nor children gain benefits from it. ‎ ‎3. What does the author suggest parents do instead of grounding?‎ A. Give kids more free time. B. Act appropriately in public. ‎ C. Help kids form good habits. D. Put a bandage over the wound. ‎ ‎4. What’s the purpose of the text?‎ A. To inform us of ways of punishing kids. ‎ B. To explain what digital grounding means. ‎ C. To show how to parent children in digital times. ‎ D. To prove digital grounding is not a good parenting way. ‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了“数码囚禁”并不是教养孩子的好方法。‎ ‎1.D ‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。由第三段“ a child stays out past curfew(约定的最晚回家时间), a punishment would be hitting or yelling at them. Discipline would be not letting them go out the next weekend because they failed to follow rules. ”可知，一个孩子超过约定的最晚回家时间，惩罚就是打他们或对他们大喊大叫。纪律不会让他们下周末出去，因为他们没有遵守规则。故D选项正确。‎ ‎2.D ‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“Instead, it may be a lose-lose situation for parents and kids, alike. ”可知，相反，这对父母和孩子来说可能是一种两败俱伤的局面。故D选项正确。‎ ‎3.C ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。由倒数第二段“They recommend teaching them good habits as soon as possible，rather than taking away their technology”可知，他们建议尽快教他们好习惯，而不是拿走他们的科技。故C选项正确。‎ ‎4.D ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“Instead, it may be a lose-lose situation for parents and kids, alike. ”第三段“For most parents, the goal of grounding isn’t to make their children unhappy or sad. 第五段“while digital grounding may solve the problem temporarily it won’t provide children with the guidance they need to act appropriately in the future. ”第六段“This is why some parenting experts don’t recommend digitally grounding your children”可知，“数码囚禁”并不是教养孩子的好方法。故D选项正确。‎ ‎3.江西省名校（临川一中、南昌二中)2019届高三联合考试 科普类 ‎ Have you ever spent an afternoon in the backyard, maybe grilling or enjoying a basketball game, when suddenly you notice that everything goes quiet? There is an old phrase “calm before the storm”, often used in a situation---a quiet period just before a great activity or excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is actually calm before the storm. But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm?‎ A period of calm happens in a particular kind of storm, the simplest kind of storm---a single-cell thunderstorm. In this type of thunderstorm, there is usually only one main stream of current, which is warm, damp air and drawn from places near the ground. Storms need warm and damp air as fuel, so they typically draw that air in from surrounding environment. Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directions—even from the direction in which the storm is traveling.‎ As the warm, damp air is pulled into a storm system, it leaves a low-pressure vacuum(真空) coming after. The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops, and the water vapor in it changes into tiny drops that are a precondition of rain. These drops accumulate and build on larger particles(颗粒) like dust, until they grow large enough to form raindrops.‎ This warm, damp air keeps moving upwards, but it becomes cooler and drier during its trip through cloud. When it reaches the top of the cloud, the air is squeezed out at the top. This air is sent ‎ rolling out over the big thunderclouds. From there, the air goes down. Warm and dry air is relatively stable, and once it covers a region, that air, in turn, causes the calm before a storm.‎ Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm. That's because most are actually groups of storms with complex wind patterns. There's so much air moving up and down storm groups that the calm before the storm never happens. Instead, before the storm, it might be really windy!‎ ‎1. Which best fits the description of a particular kind of storm?‎ A. A thunderstorm with a single shape.‎ B. A thunderstorm without strong winds.‎ C. A storm with air drawn from every direction.‎ D. A storm fueled by moving air from the ground.‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A. Warm and wet air. B. Warm and dry air.‎ C. Cold and wet air. D. Cold and dry air.‎ ‎3. Which does the writer most likely agree to?‎ A. Presence of the calm relies on stable air.‎ B. All thunderstorms don’t start with the calm.‎ C. The drier the air is, the bigger the storm will be.‎ D. Storm happens without air moving up and down.‎ ‎4. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. A brief introduction of a peaceful storm.‎ B. A personal experience of a heavy storm.‎ C. An explanation of the calm before a storm.‎ D. An analysis of causes and effects of a storm.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，解释了暴风雨来临前的平静的原因，并指出并非所有的暴风雨都始于平静。‎ ‎1.D ‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In this type of thunderstorm, there is usually only one main stream of current, which is warm, damp air and drawn from places near the ground.”可知，在这种类型的雷暴中，通常只有一股主要气流，那就是来自地面附近温暖潮湿的空气，由此可知，特殊的雷暴是指由地面移动的空气推动的风暴，故D项正确。‎ ‎2.A ‎ 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops”可知，上升的空气与干冷空气相遇，因此温暖潮湿的空气的温度下降，其中的水蒸气变成微小的水滴，这是下雨的先决条件，由此可知画线词指的是前面提到的温暖潮湿的空气，故A项正确。‎ ‎3.B ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm.”可知，然而，大多数雷暴并非始于平静，由此可知，并非所有的暴风雨都始于平静，故B项正确。‎ ‎4.C ‎ ‎【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm?”可知，本文主要解释了暴风雨来临前的平静的原因，故C项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 解答代词指代类的词义猜测题的关键在于对画线词前的内容的理解，特别要注意出现的名词，例如本篇第2题，根据画线词前的“The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops”可知，上升的空气与干冷空气相遇，因此温暖潮湿的空气的温度下降，温暖潮湿的空气中的水蒸气变成微小的水滴，这是下雨的先决条件，由此可知画线词指的是前面提到的“the warm, damp air”，即温暖潮湿的空气。‎ ‎4.江西省名校（临川一中、南昌二中)2019届高三联考 说明文 As the international demand for narrative(叙事的) film/TV content continues to increase with popular streaming services like Netflix and others the two questions then come: will the coming generations receive most of their entertainment through visual means rather than through the written word and will such an increase of narrative film/ TV reduce the importance of reading?‎ Growing examples of this trend include the diminishment(减少) of fiction in the common core (核心的)curriculum, the ever－rising culture of computer games, the wave of streaming services of wide international reach, and movies filled with special effects made for children and teenagers. Nor must we ignore the economic dangers that lie ahead for the written word. The narrative film industry is a moneymaker that dwarfs(使相形见绌) the publishing industry.‎ The other underlying question, of course, is “does it really matter if the written word bows to ‎ the world of film/TV?” From my point of view, any diminishment of fiction delivered by words is a loss for mankind.‎ There is no greater human feature than the imagination. It lies at the very soul of the human species. It is the brain’s most powerful engine. It is the essential muscle of life and like all muscles it must be exercised and strengthened.‎ Writing and reading are the principal tools that inspire, create and empower our imagination. Anything that diminishes that power is the enemy of mankind.‎ It should be known that I am not opposed to new media and technological advances. Instead, I have always felt it necessary to adapt to advancing technology. In fact, a number of my novels are in various stages of development for film, TV, and live stage productions. My hope is that the written word will only stand to be complemented(补充)by its visual counterparts(对应物), not pushed to the edge of extinction.‎ Of course, there are those who will present arguments for the superiority of the moving image over the written word. Each has its place. My argument is for finding the right balance between it and the moving image.‎ ‎1. In what way does narrative film/TV embarrass the written word?‎ A. Economic benefits B. International reach C. Cultural influence D. Educational importance ‎2. Why does the author value the role of the written word?‎ A. It strengthens our muscles. B. It helps sharpen imagination.‎ C. It distinguishes man from each other. D. It paves the way for narrative film/TV.‎ ‎3. What is the author’s attitude towards technology?‎ A. Cautious B. Skeptical C. Positive D. Critical ‎4. What’s the author concerned about?‎ A. The fate of reading. B. The extinction of fiction.‎ C. The impact of the written word. D. The future of the moving image.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了叙事电影行业的发展让文字变得相形见绌，作者认为文字是激发和增强我们想象力的重要工具，同时表达了对阅读的命运的担心。‎ ‎1.A ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The narrative film industry is a moneymaker that dwarfs(使相形见绌) the publishing industry.”可知，叙事电影行业是一个令出版行业相形见绌的赚钱行业，由此可知，叙事电影行业在经济利益方面使文字变得尴尬，故A项正确。‎ ‎2.B ‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Writing and reading are the principal tools that inspire, create and empower our imagination.”可知，写作和阅读是激发、创造和增强我们想象力的主要工具，由此可知，作者重视文字的作用是因为它能提高我们的想象力，故B项正确。‎ ‎3.C ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I have always felt it necessary to adapt to advancing technology.”可知，作者觉得有必要适应先进的技术，由此可知，作者对技术持积极的态度，故C项正确。‎ ‎4.A ‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“My hope is that the written word will only stand to be complemented(补充)by its visual counterparts(对应物), not pushed to the edge of extinction.”可知，作者希望书面文字会得到视觉文字的补充，而不是被推到灭绝的边缘，由此可知，作者担心的是阅读的命运，故A项正确。‎ ‎5.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三模拟 说明文 ‎ Sally Dawly is a woman from Auburn, California. Over the last three and a half years, the anti-littering woman has spent most of her free time picking up cigarette butts (烟头) from the streets of her home city.‎ Called the “Butt Lady” by her local community, Dawly began her mission to rid the streets of her city of cigarette butts in October, 2014. The woman looked for cigarette butts, picked them up and threw them in the trash. To keep a count of how many butts she picks up, the Butt Lady has been using a tablet, and earlier this month, she hit a historic milestone—one million cigarette butts.‎ ‎“I got tired of going on my walks and seeing cigarette butts everywhere,” Sally Dawly said. “I’m just shocked that I had to pick up so many. I’ve ever picked up 3,000 butts in one day,” she said. “Don’t throw away your butts; better yet, stop smoking.”‎ With so many cigarette butts littering the streets, can one person’s efforts really make a ‎ difference? Surprisingly, the answer seems to be yes. Soon after the Butt Lady of Auburn started her mission and word of her efforts spread, cigarette cans started appearing around bars and restaurants in the city. Members of the local community even came out to cheer her on as she approached her one-million-butt milestone.‎ Sally knows her city’s cigarette butt littering problem won’t be solved anytime soon, but she hopes her work will inspire people to at least think twice before dropping cigarette butts in the streets. She has decided to continue cleaning up after irresponsible smokers, and already has a new milestone in her sights—two million cigarette butts.‎ Word of the Butt Lady’s efforts to keep the streets cigarette butt-free has reached neighboring communities as well, and CBS Sacramento reports that other cities have started seeking her help as well.‎ ‎1. Why does Sally Dawly carry an iPad with her while picking up the butts?‎ A. To entertain the crowds.‎ B. To monitor the smokers.‎ C. To attract people’s attention.‎ D. To record the number of butts.‎ ‎2. How did Sally Dawly feel when picking up cigarette butts?‎ A. Excited but upset. B. Shocked and sorry C. Frightened but content. D. Astonished and desperate.‎ ‎3. From the text. what can be inferred about Sally Dawly?‎ A. She picks up nearly 3,000 cigarette butts every day.‎ B. She will work in other cities in California in the future.‎ C. She has set a new goal of picking up two million cigarette butts.‎ D. She picked up one million cigarette butts with members of her community.‎ ‎4. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. California’s “Butt Lady”.‎ B. Fighting against smoking.‎ C. Californians health problems.‎ D. Smoking problems in California.‎ ‎【语篇解读】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。众所周知，吸烟有害健康，有时候让人更加烦恼的是随处可见的烟头。在美国加利福尼亚有这样一位“烟头女士（她利用业余时间捡拾烟头，并在最近捡到了第100万个烟头！‎ ‎1.D ‎ ‎【解析】事实细节题。由第二段中To keep a count of how many butts she picks up, the Butt Lady has been using a tablet（平板电脑）一句可知为了记录自己捡到的烟头数量， the Butt Lady带了平板电脑。故选D。‎ ‎2.B ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知Sally很厌烦看到这么多烟头，她对捡起来这么多数量的烟头感到震惊，并且劝告大家最好不要吸烟。因此她的感受应该是“震惊和难过的”。故B项最恰当。‎ ‎3. C ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段and already has a new milestone in her sights—two million cigarette butts可知C项正确。根据第三段…I’ve ever picked up 3,000 butts in one day…可知A项错误；根据最后一段可知Sally的行动影响了邻近的城市，但并不是她要去邻近的城市工作，故B项错误；根据倒数第三段Members of the local community even came out to cheer可知D项错误。故选C。‎ ‎4.A ‎ ‎【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲了来自加利福尼亚州的一位女士在业余时间捡起了一百万个烟头，并且获得了“烟头女士”的称号的故事，故A项最恰当。‎ ‎6.东北三省四市2019届高三二模联考英语试题 ‎ You can’t see your sleeping pets brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when your cat might be dreaming. If you watch closely, you’ll see that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, called slow-wave sleep. After about 15 minutes you’ll notice a change in her breathing. Her eyes move under her closed lids, her paws twitch (抽动) and she flicks (尤指用手指或手快速地轻抚) an ear. She has entered dreaming. Although she twitches and makes little grunting (嘟嘟) noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can’t run about. She is in a state of “sleep paralysis (麻痹)”.‎ Michel Jouvet, a French scientist, interrupted their sleep paralysis. Even though they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to run for balls that Jouvet couldn’t see and arched (‎ 弓起) their backs at unseen enemies. He figures he was watching them act out their dreams! Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills: following, pouncing (猛扑), and fighting.‎ In another study, Matt Wilson recorded rats brain waves while they learned mazes (迷宫). One day, he left the brain-wave-recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!‎ Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent caning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills that were probably important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.‎ Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals. How often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when lying down.‎ ‎1. What does Michel Jouvet find in his study?‎ A. The dreaming cats are in a state of body paralysis.‎ B. The dreaming cats often practise their important skills.‎ C. The eyes of dreaming cats moved while bodies are still.‎ D. The muscles of the dreaming cats are blocked to move.‎ ‎2. What can you know about dreaming from the passage?‎ A. Dreaming a lot can help humans learn more.‎ B. Learning mazes is the basic skill for cats to learn.‎ C. Rats often dreams to make certain their recent learning D. Fighting and escaping are not important skills for ancestors.‎ ‎3. Which animal may dream most frequently?‎ A. Rats. B. Dogs.‎ C. Cows. D. Elephants ‎4. How does the author develop his passage?‎ A. By making comparisons. B. By using figures C. By telling stories D. By showing facts ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究表明对人和动物来说，做梦的一个目的是练习重要的技能，弄清楚最近所学的东西。‎ ‎1.B ‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills: following, pouncing (猛扑), and fighting.”可知，显然，做梦的猫似乎在练习重要的猫技能:跟随、猛扑，还有打架。所以Michel Jouvet在他的研究中发现,做梦的猫经常会练习它们所学的重要技能。故B选项正确。‎ ‎2.C ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。由第四段“Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning”许多研究人员现在认为，对人和动物来说，做梦的一个目的是练习重要的技能，弄清楚最近所学的东西。老鼠是动物的一种，所以判断出，老鼠经常做梦目的是清楚它们最近所学的东西。故C选项正确。‎ ‎3.A ‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。由第五段“Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours”可知，猫每15分钟做梦一次，老鼠每9分钟做梦一次，大象每2小时做梦一次。通过对动物做梦频率的对比，可以看出老鼠做梦最频繁。故A选项正确。‎ ‎4.D ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“Michel Jouvet, a French scientist, interrupted their sleep paralysis. Even though they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to run for balls that Jouvet couldn’t see and arched (弓起) their backs at unseen enemies. He figures he was watching them act out their dreams! Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills: following, pouncing (猛扑), and fighting.”第三段“In another study, Matt Wilson recorded rats brain waves while they learned mazes (迷宫). One day, he left the brain-wave-recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!以及最后段“. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. ‎ ‎”可知，法国科学家米歇尔·茹维特打断了他们的睡眠瘫痪。即使它们完全睡着了，做梦的猫也开始跑向朱维特所看不见的球，并拱起他们的背对着看不见的敌人。他想他是在看它们表演他们的梦！显然，做梦的猫似乎在练习重要的猫技能:跟随、扑向，还有打架。在另一项研究中，马特·威尔逊记录了老鼠学习迷宫时的脑电波。一天，当老鼠睡着的时候，他把脑波记录仪开着。睡眠中老鼠的脑电波模式与迷宫中的模式非常接近，以至于威尔逊能够准确地找出每只老鼠梦到了迷宫的哪个部分。猫每15分钟做梦一次，老鼠每9分钟做梦一次，大象每2小时做梦一次！。所以每个研究所得出的结论，以及对问题的回答都是基于事实。故判断出作者通过展示事实来展开短文的。故D选项正确。‎ ‎7.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三下学期模拟 环保类 A team of international scientists is due to set off for the world’s biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by he British Antarctic Survey( BAS), are trying to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.‎ Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf calved (崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg-A68--which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission.‎ ‎“The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change,” she said. “It is important that we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water.”‎ Professor David Vaughan, science director at the BAs, said, “We need to be bold (大胆的) on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and there’s lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be. He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. “Future warming may make some habitats warm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold and not the warm, those species are going to either move or die.”‎ There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, “At the current rate, the world’s ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century.” However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and ‎ Antarctica, the study shows.‎ ‎1. Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?‎ A. To study how the iceberg was formed.‎ B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.‎ C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.‎ D. To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice shelf.‎ ‎2. What do the underlined words “this one” in the fourth paragraph refer to?‎ A. The Larsen C ice shelf.‎ B. Climate change in Antarctica.‎ C. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.‎ D. The condition of animal species in Antarctica.‎ ‎3. What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text?‎ A. It is as big as London.‎ B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.‎ C. It will disappear in a very short time.‎ D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.‎ ‎4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.‎ B. The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.‎ C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.‎ D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68 iceberg。冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。‎ ‎1.B 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light.可知，科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的海洋生态系统。故选B。‎ ‎2.C 词义猜测题。由第三段The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life...可知A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究海洋生物的独一无二的机会，所以Professor David Vaughan认为科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会，故this one指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统。故选C。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段…which is four times bigger than London…可知A选项错误。由第四段Larsen C is a long way south and there’s lots of sea ice in the area…可知拉森C冰架位于南极地区，B选项错误。由第一段to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.可知D选项正确。C选项在文中没有提到。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段…At the current rate, the world’s oceans will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century.可推测D选项正确。‎ 四川省成都市2019届高三第三次诊断性检测 科普类 Can you trust your very first childhood memories? Maybe not, a new study suggests.‎ Past researches show that people's earliest memories typically form around 3 to 3. 5 years of age. But in a recent survey of more than 6,600 people, British scientists have found that 39 percent of participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger. These first memories are likely false, the researchers said. This was particularly the case for middle -aged and older adults.‎ For the study, researchers asked participants to describe their first memory and the age at which it occurred. Participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened. For example, it shouldn't be based on a photograph, a family story or any source other than direct experiences. Then the researchers examined the content, language and descriptive details of these earliest memories and worked out the likely reasons why people would claim to have memories from an age when memories cannot form.‎ As many of these memories dated before the age of 2, this suggests they were not based on actual facts, but facts or knowledge about their babyhood or childhood from photographs or family stories. Often these false memories are fired by a part of an early experience, such as family relationships or feeling sad, the researchers explained.‎ ‎"We suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is …a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood, " study author Shania Kantar said in a journal news release, "Additionally, further details may be unconsciously inferred or added. Such memory-like mental representations come~ over time, to be collectively experienced when they come to mind, so for the individual, they quite simply are memories, which particularly point to babyhood. "‎ ‎"Importantly, the person remembering them doesn't know this is fictional," study co-author Martin Conway said "In fact, when people are told that their memories are false they often don't believe it. "‎ ‎1. What can we learn from a recent study?‎ A. Memories form after the age of 3. B. Participants are good at telling stories C. Adults are likely to form false memories D. Earliest memories may play a trick on us ‎2. Which source did the researchers require for the earliest memories?‎ A. A direct experience. B. A family story.‎ C. A family photo. D. A sad feeling.‎ ‎3. What are these fictional early memories according to Kantar?‎ A. They are repeated mental representations.‎ B. They are a collection of early experiences.‎ C. They are a combination of both facts and fictions.‎ D. They are further details of remembered experiences.‎ ‎4. Which part of a newspaper is this text probably taken from?‎ A. Society. B. Psychology. C. Technology. D. Health.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了最新研究表明，最初的记忆可能是错误的，中年人和老年人尤其如此。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】细节理解题 。答案定位在第二段These first memories are likely false, the researchers said.（研究人员说，这些最初的记忆可能是错误的。）可知我们能从最近的一项研究中得知最早的记忆可能会捉弄我们，故选D。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】细节理解题 。答案定位在第三段Participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened. For example, it shouldn't be based on a photograph, a family story or any source other than direct experiences.（参与者被告知，他们必须确定记忆就是发生过的那件事。例如，它不应该基于照片，家庭故事或任何来源，而不是直接经验。）由此可知，研究人员需要直接经验来获得最早的记忆，故选A。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】推理判断题。答案定位在倒数第二段 "We suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is …a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood, " study author Shania Kantar said in a journal news release ‎（研究报告的撰写者Shania Kantar在一份期刊的新闻稿中说:“我们认为，一个记忆者在回忆虚构的早期记忆时，脑子里想的是……一种由记忆中的早期经历片段以及他们自己的童年或童年时期的一些事实或知识组成的心理表征。）由此推断出，Kantar认为这些虚构的早期记忆是事实和虚构的结合，故选C。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】推理判断题。文章主要讲了最新研究表明，最初的记忆可能是错误的，中年人和老年人尤其如此。由此推断出，这篇文章可能取自报纸的心理学版块，故选B。‎ 天津市红桥区2019届高三下学期第一次模拟考试 ‎ Your next Saturday night takeaway could be brought to you by a robot after a major food delivery company announced plans to use automated vehicles to transport meals. Europe’s biggest online takeaway food company Just Eat has partnered with Starship Technologies to deliver food with robots on the streets of London later this month. “Nobody has ever done deliveries with land-based robots,” said Allan Martinson, the chief operating officer of Starship.‎ The robot courier can travel up to 4 miles per hour for about 10 miles. It uses a GPS signal and nine cameras to navigate (确定方向). Instead of a person arriving at their door, customers could find themselves receiving a notification on their phone that says a robot is on its way and a code to unlock the automated courier. “Put the code in, the robot opens up, and there’s your food,” said David Buttress, chief manager of Just Eat.‎ The robot, which has so far been tested in Greenwich, Milton Keynes and Glastonbury, costs £ 1 to transport within 3 miles, compared with the £3 to £6 it costs for a human courier. To date 30 robots have driven nearly 5,000 miles without getting into an accident or finding themselves picked on by passers-by. They have driven in more than 40 cities around the world, including London and Tallinn, Estonia.‎ An initial worry was how the public would react to robots. But Martinson said the public has been calm when passing the delivery machine on the streets. “The most surprising reaction has been the lack of reaction,” said Martinson.‎ Another significant fear was that people would disrupt (扰乱) the robots, or try to steal them and their contents. To prevent this, the robot is fitted with nine cameras, two way audio, and movement sensors that send a warning if it is lifted off the ground. And it opens only with a passcode provided to the customer via a notification. “It’s much easier to shoplift than it is to steal a ‎ robot,” said Martinson.‎ ‎1. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 2?‎ A. deliverer B. collector C. provider D. guide ‎2. According to the text, the Starship robot ________.‎ A. opens up upon hearing the code B. travels 10 miles per hour at most C. finds its way by means of GPS and cameras D. sends a message to the customer upon arrival ‎3. The test of Starship robots shows that ________.‎ A. they are easy to operate B. the robot delivery is appreciated in big cities C. the robot delivery is cheaper than human delivery D. they can travel for 10 hours continuously ‎4. Which of the following is one of the worries about Starship robots?‎ A. Safety of the robot delivery.‎ B. Accuracy of the robot delivery C. Peoples indifference to the robots.‎ D. People’s concern about public traffic.‎ ‎5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?‎ A. Great Improvement of Just Eat B. Global Trend of Food Companies C. New Robots to Move on the road D. Delivery Robots to Replace Takeaway Drivers ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了伦敦一家食品速递公司宣布未来会使用自动驾驶机器人送餐，目前该公司在几个城市都测试了陆地快递机器人送餐服务。未来送货机器人可能会取代人类送快递。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段Your next Saturday night takeaway could be brought to you by a robot after a major food delivery company announced plans to use automated vehicles to transport meals.‎ 可知，一家食品速递公司宣布计划使用自动驾驶机器人送餐，你下周六晚上点的外卖，说不定就由机器人送达。所以这个词是“投递”的意思，故选A。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】细节理解题 。根据第二段It uses a GPS signal and nine cameras to navigate(确定方向). Instead of a person arriving at their door, customers could find themselves receiving a notification(通知) on their phone that says a robot is on its way and a code to unlock the automated courier.可知，Starship机器人依靠全球定位系统和照相机找到路。故选C。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】细节理解题 。根据第三段The robot, which has so far been tested in Greenwich, Milton Keynes and Glastonbury, costs ￡1 to transport within 3 miles, compared with the ￡3 to ￡6 it costs for a human courier.可知，机器人送餐要比人送餐更便宜。故选C。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句Another significant fear was that people would disrupt(扰乱) the robots, or try to steal them and their contents.（另一重大担忧就是担心人们干扰机器人，或是想把机器人及其所运物品偷走）可以推断出，担忧机器人运送的安全问题。故选A。‎ ‎5.D 【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文，特别是第一段第一句Your next Saturday night takeaway could be brought to you by a robot after a major food delivery company announced plans to use automated vehicles to transport meals.（一家食品速递公司宣布计划使用自动驾驶机器人送餐，你下周六晚上点的外卖，说不定就由机器人送达。）可知，D项Delivery Robots to Replace Takeaway Drivers作为标题最合适。‎ 吉林省五地六校2019届高三最后一考 科普类 China has completed its home-grown BeiDou Navigation (导航) Satellite System (BDS) with the successful launch of two more BDS-3 satellites, 19 in all, and has started providing services to countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) since the end of 2018. The BDS, which will compete against the US' Global Positioning System (GPS), will provide high-precision, reliable positioning, navigation and timing services anywhere in the world by the end of 2020.‎ The Belt and Road Initiative is an ambitious effort to improve regional cooperation and connectivity in a trans-continental range. The initiative aims to strengthen infrastructure (基础设施), trade, and investment links between China and some 65 other countries. It is also expected to increase Beijing's influence in these countries.‎ ‎“This is a key step for the BDS developing from a Chinese home system to a regional and then a global navigation system,” said Yang Changfeng, chief designer of the BeiDou system. China ‎ plans to launch another 11 BDS-3 satellites between the end of 2018 and 2020. China developed the BDS through a unique technological approach, contributing Chinese wisdom to the theory and construction of international satellite navigation systems.‎ Altogether 18 BDS satellites have been sent into space in 2018, making this year the most intensive launch of the BDS satellites. They improved their work efficiency by reforming the management process. The number of satellite staff at the launch center has been reduced by nearly half, and the testing time before launch has been shortened by nearly a third. In the CAST production base in Beijing, several BDS satellites are being manufactured at the same time. They try to improve intelligent manufacturing capability, and cut down production times. Construction of the BDS-3 system has accelerated.‎ Once the BDS is fully completed, it will be the fourth global satellite navigation system after the US GPS system, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo. India too, is building its navigational system called the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), with an operational name of NAVIC.‎ ‎1. When can the BDS offer global services?‎ A. In 2018. B. In 2019. C. In 2020. D. In 2025.‎ ‎2. What can the BDS do now?‎ A. Take the place of the GPS of the USA.‎ B. Watch anyone anywhere in the world.‎ C. Control the Belt and Road countries.‎ D. Serve the Belt and Road Initiative.‎ ‎3. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?‎ A. The unique characters of the BDS.‎ B. The Chinese technology of the BDS.‎ C. The efforts of the staff of the BDS.‎ D. The difficulties the BDS has to deal with.‎ ‎4. What can be the best title for the text?‎ A. China’s BDS is approaching its goal step by step B. China’s BDS has become the fourth global satellite navigation system C. China’s BDS helps BRI increase Beijing’s international influence D. The unique technological approach makes China’s BDS outstanding ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国北斗卫星导航系统正在一步一步地完成它的既定目标，并将最终成为全球第四大卫星导航系统。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】细节理解题 。根据第一段中“The BDS, which will compete against the US’ Global Positioning System (GPS), will provide high-precision, reliable positioning, navigation and timing services anywhere in the world by the end of 2020”可知，到2020年底，北斗卫星导航系统将提供全球服务，故C项正确。‎ ‎2.D 【解析】细节理解题 。根据第一段中“has started providing services to countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) since the end of 2018”可知，北斗卫星导航系统自2018年底就已经开始为“一带一路”沿线国家提供服务，故D项正确。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】段落大意题。根据第四段内容，特别是根据“Altogether 18 BDS satellites have been sent into space in 2018, making this year the most intensive launch of the BDS satellites. They improved their work efficiency by reforming the management process.”可知，2018年是北斗导航卫星发射最为密集的一年，他们通过改革管理流程来提高工作效率，由此可知，本段主要介绍北斗卫星导航系统全体员工为之所付出的努力，故C项正确。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段中的“Once the BDS is fully completed, it will be the fourth global satellite navigation system after the US GPS system, ,Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.”可知，本文主要介绍了中国北斗卫星导航系统正在一步一步地完成它的既定目标，并将最终成为全球第四大卫星导航系统，故A项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 主旨大意题的难度较大，对首尾两段的理解是关键，例如本篇第4题，根据第一段中的“The BDS, which will compete against the US' Global Positioning System (GPS), will provide high-precision, reliable positioning, navigation and timing services anywhere in the world by the end of 2020.”可知，到2020年底，北斗卫星导航系统将提供全球服务，再根据最后一段中的“Once the BDS is fully completed, it will be the fourth global satellite navigation system after the US GPS system, ,Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.‎ ‎”可知，一旦北斗卫星导航系统全部完成，它将成为全球第四大卫星导航系统，文章中间部分又介绍了北斗导航系统组网的发展，由此可知，本文主要介绍了中国北斗卫星导航系统正在一步一步地完成它的既定目标，并将最终成为全球第四大卫星导航系统。‎ ‎ ‎ 四川省成都市2019届高三第三次诊断性检测英语试题 环保类 Climate change is perhaps the key issue of our time. Often, however, it is presented to us as being so abstract that it seems impossibly distant. For those of you looking for something a little more concrete, a new report suggests that the effects of climate change may significantly affect coffee.‎ The report, put out by The Climate Institute, describes the effects of climate change on various coffee-growing nations and the resultant effects on the plants and those who grow them.‎ Coffee Arabica plants, which produce 70% of all commercial coffee, can be adversely affected by even a half-degree change in typical weather conditions. This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at increased risk of the effects of climate change.‎ In Central America the average temperature has risen by a full degree Celsius since 1960. In Ethiopia the average temperature has increased by l. 3 degrees. This increase is enough to have notable effects on the plants. In Tanzania the productivity per hectare of coffee has fallen by half since the 1960s due to changes in temperature.‎ Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by half. Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higher elevations(海拔) to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost lowland areas.‎ Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies. Millions of people make a living in the production, processing, transport, and sale of coffee; their livelihoods would stand to take a blow as growing areas decrease and prices rise.‎ As the temperature keeps rising, your cup of coffee will become much more expensive, and it may also carry an aftertaste bitterer than usual, for all those workers in the coffee belt left without the means to make a living as conditions worsen. Not only that, but the economic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid.‎ ‎1. What does the underlined word "adversely " in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?‎ A. slightly. B. temporarily. C. harmfully. D. gradually.‎ ‎2. Why will people have to grow coffee in highland areas?‎ A. To adapt to the change of temperature.‎ B. To increase the quality of the products.‎ C. To reduce the cost of coffee production D. To get access to water supply more easily.‎ ‎3. What conclusion can we draw from the last two paragraphs?‎ A. The rich will get richer and the poor poorer B. Small changes may have large effects in general C. Developed countries ought to aid poor countries.‎ D. Coffee trade will eventually disappear in the world.‎ ‎4. How does the author feel about the future of coffee production?‎ A. Cautious. B. Worried. C. Unconcerned. D. Hopeful.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖啡。到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面积将减少一半。咖啡产业的变化会对社会造成很多影响。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】词义猜测题。下文This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at increased risk of the effects of climate change.说这种对温度的敏感性增加了植物受到气候变化影响的风险。由此推断出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的产量占所有商业咖啡的70%，在典型的天气条件下，即使气温只上升了半度，也会对其产生不利影响。"adversely "意思是有害的，A. slightly. 轻微地；B. temporarily.临时地；C. harmfully. 有害的；D. gradually. 逐步地，故选C。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】推理判断题。答案定位在第五段Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higher elevations to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost lowland areas.（咖啡生产很可能会被推到更高的海拔，以利用更低的温度，但这将不足以弥补失去的低地地区。）由此推断出，人们要在高地地区种植咖啡是为了适应温度的变化，故选A。‎ ‎3.B 【解析】推理判断题。答案定位在倒数第二段Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies.(咖啡是发展中国家的第二大贸易商品，而生产国无法出口咖啡，可能会在其经济中引发巨大的连锁反应)和最后一段Not only that, but the economic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid.‎ ‎（不仅如此，其经济影响还将使西方国家在增加对外援助方面损失数百万美元。）由此推断出，这些小的变化也可能产生大的影响，故选B。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】推理判断题。答案定位在第一段a new report suggests that the effects of climate change may significantly affect coffee.（一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖啡。）和第五段Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by half.（事实上，研究表明，到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面积将减少一半。）由此推断出，作者对咖啡生产的未来很担忧，故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 安徽师范大学附属中学2019届高三5月考前适应性检测 环保类 ‎ Corals (珊瑚) are often described as undersea forests, but they are declining far more quickly than the Amazon. The coral reefs (礁) are likely to be among the first ecosystems to be wiped out by climate change.‎ A temperature rise of just 1 to 2℃ can lead to the death of the algae (海藻) upon which corals depend, draining them of color and making the structure more fragile. These bleaching (脱色) events can be temporary if waters cool, but the more frequent they are and the longer they last, the greater the risk of damage is. But that’s exactly what is happening. Bleaching was first observed in 1983. It was seen on a global level in 1998, then 2010, and then from 2015 to 2017. Most available scientific evidence tells us that unless we do something to limit warming to 1.5℃, we will lose 99% of the world’s coral reefs in coming decades.‎ But there are other threats beyond warming. Off the Philippine island of Palawan, its old reefs have been badly damaged by dirty water from the tourist holiday center, pollution from boats and overfishing. The area ought to be a shelter because it’s one of the ocean regions most bearable to climate change. “Even here, we are losing our corals,” said David Obura, chair of the Global Specialist Group in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. “We need to reduce stress from overfishing, coastal development, pollution and tourism.”‎ ‎“I’m a generation of scientists watching them disappear. It’s very depressing,” Obura said. “Above 1.5℃, in about 50 years, they will be a treasure of historic movies and pictures, but very little to see in real life. Children born today may be the last generation to see coral reefs in all their glory.”‎ ‎1. How does the rising temperature affect corals?‎ A. By damaging the algae. B. By darkening their color.‎ C. By cutting their food resources. D. By changing their structures temporarily.‎ ‎2. What happened after 2015 according to the text?‎ A. Bleaching first became a global issue.‎ B. The ocean’s temperature went up steadily.‎ C. We lost 99% of the world’s coral reefs.‎ D. World-wide coral bleaching lasted longer.‎ ‎3. What factor that threatens corals is stressed in Paragraph 3?‎ A. Illegal fishing. B. Climate change.‎ C. Ocean pollution. D. Global warming.‎ ‎4. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Philippine’s coral reefs are under threat.‎ B. Experts’ great concern on global warming.‎ C. Record our undersea forests before it is too late D. The next generation may never see the beauty of coral reefs ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了因为气候，污染等因素的影响导致珊瑚礁即将消失的问题。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】细节理解题 。根据第二段中的“A temperature rise of just 1 to 2℃ can lead to the death of the algae (海藻) upon which corals depend, draining them of color and making the structure more fragile.”可知，温度只升高1到2℃就会导致珊瑚依赖的藻类死亡，使它们的颜色消退，结构更脆弱。由此可知，温度上升是通过损害藻类而影响珊瑚的。故A选项正确。‎ ‎2.D 【解析】细节理解题 。根据第二段中的“These bleaching (脱色) events can be temporary if waters cool, but the more frequent they are and the longer they last, the greater the risk of damage is. But that’s exactly what is happening. Bleaching was first observed in 1983. It was seen on a global level in 1998, then 2010, and then from 2015 to 2017.” 可知，“脱色”事件在水冷却的情况下可能是暂时的，但其频率越频繁，持续时间越长，损坏的风险越大。但这正是正在发生的事情。“脱色”于1983年首次被观察到。在1998年、2010年、2015年到2017年在全球范围内出现“脱色”现象。由此可知，2015年之后，全世界范围的珊瑚“脱色”情况持续的时间越来越长，发生频率越来越高。故D选项正确。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】细节理解题 。根据第三段中的“its old reefs have been badly damaged by dirty water from the tourist holiday center, pollution from boats and overfishing”可知，the Philippine的旧珊瑚礁因旅游度假中心的污水、船只的污染和过度捕捞而受到严重破坏。因此，结合选项，只有海洋污染符合题意。故C选项正确。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段提出：珊瑚礁可能是受气候变化影响的第一生态系统之一。第二段和第三段分析了影响珊瑚礁的一些因素。第四段进一步强调：大约50年后，珊瑚礁将成为历史电影和图片的珍宝，但在现实生活中却很少能看到。今天出生的孩子可能是最后一代看到珊瑚礁的人。由此可知，整篇文章主要突出了珊瑚礁濒临消失，导致我们的下一代再也见不到美丽的珊瑚礁了。故D选项切题。‎ 湖北省黄冈市2019届高三模拟 环保类 ‎ “Birds” and “airports” are two words that, paired together, don’t normally paint the most harmonious picture. So it really raises some eyebrows when China announces plans to build an airport that is for birds.‎ Described as the world’s first-ever bird airport, the proposed Lingang Bird Sanctuary(保护区) in the northern coastal city of Tianjin is, of course, not an actual airport. Rather, it’s a wetland preserve specifically designed to accommodate hundreds-even thousands-of daily takeoffs and landings by birds traveling along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Over 50 species of migratory(迁徙的) water birds，some endangered, will stop and feed at the protected sanctuary before continuing their long journey along the flyway.‎ Located on a former landfill site, the 150-acre airport is also open to human travelers.(Half a million visitors are expected annually.) However, instead of duty-free shopping, the main attraction for non-egg-laying creatures at Tianjin’s newest airport will be a green-roofed education and research center, a series of raised “observation platforms” and a network of scenic walking and cycling paths totaling over 4 miles.‎ ‎“The proposed Bird Airport will be a globally significant sanctuary for endangered migratory bird species, while providing new green lungs for the city of Tianjin.” Adrian McGregor of an Australian landscape architecture firm explained of the design. Frequently blanketed in smog so thick that it has shut down real airports, Tianjin is a city--China’s fourth most populous--that would certainly benefit from a new pair of healthy green lungs.‎ ‎1. The underlined phrase “non-egg-laying creatures” in Paragraph 3 refers to?‎ A. Designers. B. Visitors.‎ C. Endangered water birds. D. Planes.‎ ‎2. What do we know about the airport according to the passage?‎ A. It functions as an actual airport and a wetland preserve.‎ B. It is located on a 150-acre landfill site.‎ C. It provides migratory birds with food and shelter.‎ D. People cannot watch birds up close here.‎ ‎3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A. Tianjin’s air quality will improve thanks to the airport.‎ B. Tianjin will win worldwide fame in the future.‎ C. The airport will become a permanent home for birds.‎ D. Tianjin will be able to accommodate more people.‎ ‎4. What is this passage mainly about?‎ A. Airports shut down and open up. B. Airports turn into green lungs.‎ C. China is to open the first Bird Airport. D. Birds are no longer enemies to airports.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国将在天津建立鸟类机场保护区的计划及其重大意义。‎ ‎1.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“However, instead of duty-free shopping, the main attraction for”可知，然而，在天津最新的机场，吸引游客的不是免税购物，而是一个绿色屋顶的教育和研究中心，由此可知画线词指的是“游客”，故B项正确。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】细节理解题 。根据第二段中的“Over 50 species of migratory(迁徙的) water birds，some endangered, will stop and feed at the protected sanctuary before continuing their long journey along the flyway”可知，迁徙的候鸟可以在此停留和吃东西，由此可知，这个机场为迁徙的候鸟提供食物和休息区，故C项正确。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The proposed Bird Airport will be a globally significant sanctuary for endangered migratory bird species, while providing new green lungs for the city of Tianjin.”及“Tianjin is a city--China’s fourth most populous--that would certainly benefit from a new pair of healthy green lungs.‎ ‎”可知，新机场将为天津提供一对新的城市绿肺，而人口众多的天津将会从中受益，由此可知，天津的空气质量和环境会因为这个新机场得到改善，故A项正确。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“So it really raises some eyebrows when China announces plans to build an airport that is for birds.”可知，本文介绍了中国计划建立第一个鸟类机场保护区，故C项正确。‎ 武汉第二中学2019届高三五月全仿真模拟 环保类 ‎ Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline-powered cousins.‎ People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions vehicles”, but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants mostly use fire to make it. Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators (发电机). Generators are fueled by something—usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal (地热)plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.‎ In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. It’s just because the coal is burned somewhere else, it looks clean. It is not. It’s as if the California Greens are covering their eyes—“ If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat—at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.‎ A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you as far — so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes or geothermal, or hydro or wind or solar, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources.‎ In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it’s a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.‎ ‎1. What is the main idea of the text?‎ A. Electric cars are far from being clean.‎ B. Electric cars are better than gasoline-powered ones.‎ C. People cast doubts on electric cars’ batteries.‎ D. Gasoline is an efficient way to power a vehicle.‎ ‎2. The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run.‎ A. no less than 25 miles B. as far as 50 miles C. less than 25 miles D. as far as 25 miles ‎3. According to the text, electric cars.‎ A. are more environmentally friendly B. burn more fuel than gas-powered ones C. are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated D. are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill ‎4. It can be inferred from the text that.‎ A. being green is good and should be encouraged in communication B. electric cars are the dominant vehicles compared with their gas-powered cousins C. zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment D. electric cars are not clean because we get electricity mainly by burning something ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。电动车真的没有污染吗？通过文章的描述我们可以知道实际上并不是这样的，电动车比现在的汽车可能会导致更多的污染，因为它所使用的电，仍然是需要靠燃烧煤炭的资源来实现的。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一句Electric cars are dirty. In fact，not only are they dirty，they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins. 说明电动车一点也不环保。故A正确。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】细节理解题 。根据第四段1，2行A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won't get you nearly as far. 一加仑汽油可能使你的汽车行驶25英里. 但是你从那加仑汽油中得到的电力不会让你的车行那么远。故选C。‎ ‎3.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won't get you nearly as far- so electric cars bum more fuel than gasoline-powered ones，可知电动汽车燃烧的燃料比汽油燃料多，故选 B。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知电动车所需要的电能，是需要通过燃烧煤炭等自然资源的，所以电动车并不如人们所认为的那样清洁无污染。故D正确。‎ 议论文 ‎1.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三一模英语试题 ‎ Laughter is part of the universal human vocabulary. All members of the human species understand it. Unlike English or French or Swahili, we don’t have to learn to speak it. We re born with the capacity to laugh.‎ Very little is known about the specific brain mechanisms responsible for laughter. Contrary to folk wisdom, most laughter is not about humor; it is about relationships. To find out when and why people laugh, I went with several assistants to local malls and recorded what happened just before people laughed. Over a 10-year period, we studied over 2,000 cases of naturally occurring laughter.‎ We found that most laughter does not necessarily follow jokes. People may laugh after a variety of statements, such as, “Here comes Mary,” “How did you do on the test?” or “Do you have a rubber band?” These certainly aren’t jokes.‎ We believe laughter evolved from the panting (喘气的) behavior of our ancient ancestors. Today, if we tickle (使发痒) chimps, they don’t laugh. But, instead, they produce a panting sound. That’s the sound of ape laughter, and it’s the root of human laughter.‎ Apes laugh in the kinds of situations that lead to human laughter, like games that involve chasing. Other animals produce sounds during play, but they are so different from laughter. Rats, for example, produce high sounds during play and when tickled, but these are very different in sound from human laughter.‎ Laughter is often positive, but it can be negative too. There’s a difference between “laughing with” and “laughing at”. People who laugh at others may be trying to drive them out of the group.‎ No one has actually counted how much people of different ages laugh, but young children probably laugh the most. At ages 5 and 6 we probably laugh more than at any other times. Adults laugh less than children, probably because they play less.‎ Work now underway will tell us more about the brain mechanisms behind laughter, how it has ‎ evolved, and why we’re so susceptible to tickling.‎ ‎1. What was the purpose of the decade’s research?‎ A. To prove that people laugh because of humour.‎ B. To find out the real reason for people s laughter.‎ C. To research people s different reaction on jokes.‎ D. To record conversations among shoppers in malls.‎ ‎2. What can we learn from the text?‎ A. People who play more tend to laugh more.‎ B. Apes produce high sounds when tickled.‎ C. Scientists know the brain mechanisms responsible for laughter well.‎ D. The situations in which apes laugh are very different from those in which humans laugh.‎ ‎3. What does the underlined word “susceptible” in the last paragraph probably mean?‎ A. Sensitive. B. Flexible.‎ C. Addictive. D. Reliable.‎ ‎4. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?‎ A. The Impact of Laughter B. The Meaning of Laughter C. A Big Mystery: Why Do We Laugh?‎ D. Laughter: The Most Beautiful Words ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。笑容是世上最通用的语言，笑容是世上最温暖的语言。本文探讨了人类为什么笑这个话题。‎ ‎1.B ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的To find out when and why people laugh可知本文写作目的是弄清楚人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。故B项正确。‎ ‎2.A ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的At ages 5 and 6 we probably laugh more than at any other times. Adults laugh less than children, probably because they play less.可知，玩得多的人笑得多。A项正确。‎ ‎3.A ‎ 词义猜测题。联系上下文可知susceptible（易受……影响的）与sensitive 的意思最为接近。故选A。‎ ‎4.C ‎ ‎【解析】主旨大意题。笑容是世上最通用的语言，笑容是世上最温暖的语言，本文探讨了人类为什么而笑这个问题。故C项为最佳标题。‎ ‎2.东北三省四市2019届高三二模联考英语试题 ‎ Connecting with people has become so much easier with advancing technology. Tasks that once required a postage stamp or carrier pigeon are now as simple as tapping a name or even a face on your screen, and you’re connected. But also easier is unconsciously getting caught up in a dilemma by violating certain new rules for communicating. A big one for some: Don’t call until you’ve texted to confirm it’s OK to call. But that’s just the beginning.‎ ‎“I’m usually pretty mild and not much bothers me,” said Mark Angielle, a 29-year-old office manager from White Plains, New York. But the one thing that he hates more than anything else in life is the terrible one-word message — “K.” “At the very least reply with, Got it.” he said “At least give me a few words here. You’re not that busy.”‎ There are hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of others who have taken Lo social media to express their distaste for people who don’t follow the unwritten rules of digital communication.‎ ‎“These rules are simply a new display of a phenomenon we’ve seen in the past,” said James Ivory, professor of communication a Virginia Tech. In the same way that generations and small groups of friends have their own slang and customs, internet culture has given birth to technology-dependent beings that have their own unique set of routine.‎ But not everyone gets the point. Unlike language, digital communication can be filled with ambiguous clues (线索、迹象) that the person on the other end of the call, text or email may or may not easily understand.‎ ‎“As soon as people aren’t talking face to face, the first thing that gets lost is some of the richness of the body language,” Ivory said, “People immediately fill that gap by using emoji (表情符号) to sum up a feeling in seconds.‎ ‎“There's great potential for danger,” Ivory warned. “What's considered polite in one form might be inappropriate or rude in another occasion.”‎ ‎1. What can you infer about Mark from Paragraph 2?‎ A. He is a businessman with a bad temper.‎ B. He complains about social manners.‎ C. He can’t bear one- word messages.‎ D. He dislike a busy business life.‎ ‎2. According to the text, which of the following breaks the rules for communicating?‎ A. John says “I got it.” to his boss face to face.‎ B. Jim calls Bill without confirming in advance.‎ C. Mary texts Lily to make sure if she can call her.‎ D. Jack sends “Thanks a lot” to his business friends.‎ ‎3. Why may people misunderstand each other during digital communication?‎ A. Emoji cannot sum up feelings.‎ B. People use their own slang and customs.‎ C. There are large quantities of written rules.‎ D. People gets wrong messages without clear clues.‎ ‎4. What are people expected to do after reading tie passage?‎ A. To obey their own digital communication rules.‎ B. To be aware of rules during digital communication.‎ C. To use advancing technology even with disadvantages.‎ D. To keep pace with digital communication development.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。随着技术的进步，人与人之间的联系变得越来越容易，但在数字通信中更容易违反某些新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。对此许多人对这种现象表达了忧虑。‎ ‎1.C ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“But the one thing that he hates more than anything else in life is the terrible one-word message”可知，在生活中他最痛恨的一件事就是一个字的信息。所以通过关键词“hate, terrible”可以判断出，马克不能忍受一个字的信息。故C选项正确。‎ ‎2.B ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。由第一段“Don’t call until you’ve texted to confirm it’s OK to call”可知，在你发短信确认可以打电话之前不要打电话。很多人都违反了这个交流规则。所以B选项“吉姆没有事先确认就打电话给比尔”违反了沟通交流的规则。故B选项正确。‎ ‎3.D ‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。由第五段“Unlike language, digital communication can be filled with ambiguous clues (线索、迹象) that the person on the other end of the call, text or email may or may not easily understand.”可知，与语言不同的是，数字通信可以充满模糊的线索。电话、文本或电子邮件另一端的人可能很容易理解什么意思，也可能不容易理解是什么意思。所以为什么人们在数字通信中会产生误解是因为人们在没有明确线索的情况下会收到错误的信息。故D选项正确。‎ ‎4.B ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，随着技术的进步，人与人之间的联系变得越来越容易，但更容易违反某些新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。对此许多人对这种现象表达了忧虑。所以判断出短文目的就是期望人们能够在数字通信过程中要注意规则。所以读了这篇文章后，人们被期望能够在数字通信过程中要注意规则。故B选项正确。‎ ‎3.山东省临沂市2019届高三三模考试 ‎ ‎ Scientists in Western Australia claim to have made a new discovery—they have found gold in the leaves and twigs of trees. The researchers believe that the trees suck up the gold from deep underground，over 30 metres down. The discovery has been described as the first of its kind in the world. Australian gold exploration companies are pleased because it will make finding gold cheaper. Rather than drilling deep holes to find gold，they have more ways to examine tree leaves and branches. There is only a tiny amount of gold in the leaves. It would take 500 trees to make one gold ring. The gold is found using a special X—ray machine owned by an Australian government agency. A pure X-ray and a powerful microscope scan the leaves and branches.‎ The claim that this is the first time that gold particles(微粒)have been found in living material might not be true，though. Ancient Chinese wisdom understood the connection between plants and the precious stones and minerals underneath them. They used plant life to find minerals and that was thousands of years ago. In the Zhou Dynasty，it was written in a book that a certain plant grew only near deposits of gold. Over the next 2，000 years，Chinese people wrote about different plants and how they grew，showed where minerals and precious stones such as jade，copper，lead，silver and gold were.‎ Even more importantly，in the 1 000s，Su Song described how copper，gold，silver，lead and tin were observed and taken from certain plants. These were amazing scientific discoveries. Meanwhile，this knowledge was unknown in the rest of the world until about 1 600.This was when ‎ a British man realised that oak trees grew larger and greener where there was alum(明矾)in the ground. Maybe ancient Chinese has more knowledge to teach modern scientists.‎ ‎1. What can we know from Paragraph 1 ?‎ A. 500 dead trees can make one gold ring.‎ B. The trees can absorb the gold from deep underground.‎ C. Scientist have found gold 30 meters below underground.‎ D. The companies find it hard to find gold.‎ ‎2. How do scientists find gold in the leaves?‎ A. By observing the leaves carefully. B. By drilling deep holes.‎ C. By using a special x—ray. D. By referring to ancient books.‎ ‎3. Who first discovered that there was connection between plants and minerals?‎ A. Ancient Chinese people. B. Su Song.‎ C. Australian scientists. D. A British man.‎ ‎4. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?‎ A. To introduce two great scientists in ancient times.‎ B. To provide more evidence to support the writer’s opinion.‎ C. To show how ancient people got gold from certain plants.‎ D. To prove that ancient Chinese has more knowledge than modern scientists.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。澳大利亚西部的科学家们声称有了一项新发现——他们在树叶和树枝中发现了金子，这一发现被描述为世界上第一个类似的发现。但作者认为第一次在生命物质中发现金子微粒的说法可能是不正确的，并证实了这种观点。‎ ‎1.B ‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。由第一段“The researchers believe that the trees suck up the gold from deep underground，over 30 metres down.”可知，研究人员相信这些树能从30米以下的地下深处吸收黄金。所以从第一段我们可以知道树木能从地下深处吸收金子。故B选项正确。‎ ‎2.C ‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。由第一段“The gold is found using a special X—ray machine owned by an Australian government agency”可知，黄金是用澳大利亚政府机构拥有的一台特殊的X光机来发现的。所以科学家用特殊的x射线来寻找树叶中的金子。故C选项正确。‎ ‎3.A ‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“Ancient Chinese wisdom understood the connection between plants and the precious stones and minerals underneath them. They used plant life to find minerals and that was thousands of years ago.”可知，中国古代的智慧了解植物和其下面的宝石和矿物之间的联系。他们用植物来寻找矿物，那是几千年前的事了。所以中国古代人民首先发现植物和矿物之间有联系。故A选项正确。‎ ‎4.B ‎【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段可知，重要的是，在11世纪，苏松描述了铜、金、银、铅和锡是如何被观察到并从某些植物中被提取出来。这些都是令人惊奇的科学发现。同时，直到1600年左右，世界其他地方都不知道这一知识。这时一个英国人意识到橡树变得更大更绿。在其下面发现了明矾，也许古代中国人有更多的知识来传授给现代科学家。所以最后一段，仍然在说明在生命物质中发现金子微粒很早就已经存在了。所以第一次在生命物质中发现金子微粒的说法是不正确的。故最后一段的目的是提供更多的证据来支持作者的观点。故B选项正确。‎ ‎ 4.江西师范大学附属中学2019届高三三模 ‎ ‎ A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?‎ Avoiding temptation ( 诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the “out of sight, out of mind” principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.‎ The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point.‎ Willpower may also be made less vulnerable（脆弱）to being exhausted in the first place.‎ Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the ‎ long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.‎ The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year’s Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don’t try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you’ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won’t require making decisions at all.‎ ‎1. From the studies in the passage we learn that .‎ A. people have unlimited self-control B. high motivation ensures one’s success C. willpower is hardly completely exhausted D. too many temptations often lead to failure ‎2. The underlined phrase “tap into” in Paragraph 3 most probably means .‎ A. make use of B. run out of C. build D. increase ‎3. The author compares self –control to muscles .‎ A. to prove the long-term effect of willpower B. to show the significance of regular exercise C. to argue that self-control can he easily used up D. to explain the benefits of practicing self-control ‎4. To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer?‎ A. “I will give up dessert and do exercise.”‎ B. “I will set three goals this new semester.”‎ C. “I will read an English novel every month.”‎ D. “I will keep myself from any temptation.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。短文列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。‎ ‎1.C ‎ ‎【解析】细节推理题。根据第三段Researchers don’t believe that one’s willpower is ever ‎ completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands.可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。故C选项正确。‎ ‎2.A ‎ ‎【解析】猜测词义题。由第三段“The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down.”可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍然可以继续前进。所以通过上下文的语境，判断出“tap into”指利用，与make use of同义。故A选项正确。‎ ‎3.D ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.可知，虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。故D选项正确。‎ ‎4.C ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, you’ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won’t require making decisions at all.可知，作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。所以C项“I will read an English novel every month.”是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故C选项正确。‎ ‎5.河南省开封市2019届高三第三次模拟考试 ‎ ‎ Squirrels aren’t natural city dwellers(居民). In 1986 the sight of one in a tree near New York’s city hall so surprised passers-by that a newspaper published a report about the “unusual visitor”.‎ Around that time, the tree-dwelling animals were being set free in America’s urban areas to “create pockets of peace and calm like the countryside,” says University of Pennsylvania historian ‎ Etienne Benson, who studied our relationship to squirrels over the course of five years.‎ First, they were introduced to Philadelphia, then to New Haven, Boston, and New York City. Park visitors were encouraged to feed them, and security guards ensured their safety. In the 1910s a leader of the Boy Scouts of America(an organization teaching boys practical skills)said that teaching children to feed squirrels could show the rewards of treating a weaker creature with sympathy, says Benson.‎ By the early 20th century, though, America began to regret the friendliness it had shown squirrels. Cities had once been filled with animals—from horses pulling goods to dairy cows. By the 1950s those working animals had been moved to the countryside. Pets and wild animals such as birds and squirrels were all that remained of the urban animal kingdom.‎ Before long, people’s enthusiasm for squirrels wore off, and they started to see them as annoyances. By the 1970s many parks banned feeding the creatures. Today, it is rare to find kids with their parents offering food to squirrels under a tree. And, unfortunately, with more and more buildings being constructed in the city, fewer inhabitable(适宜栖息的)areas are left for the little tree-dwelling animals.‎ What would be lost if the last of these city dwellers were forced to leave? “I think there’s something constructive to have other living creatures in the city that are not humans and not pets but share the land with us,” says Benson. “It’s a good thing to live in a landscape where you see other creatures going around making lunch. It’s good for the soul.”‎ ‎1. What’s the purpose of introducing squirrels to Philadelphia?‎ A. To entertain park visitors. B. To keep the natural balance.‎ C. To encourage kids to protect animals. D. To make the urban life more peaceful.‎ ‎2. What was the Boy Scouts leader’s attitude towards feeding squirrels?‎ A. Disagreeable. B. Doubtful. C. Supportive. D. Uncaring.‎ ‎3. What might have happened to squirrels in cities around the 1960s?‎ A. They might have inhabited more homes.‎ B. They might have begun to go out of favor.‎ C. They might have been introduced to more cities.‎ D. They might have been moved to the countryside.‎ ‎4. What does Benson suggest in the last paragraph?‎ A. Squirrels living in cities are annoying.‎ B. Feeding squirrels should be discouraged.‎ C. Squirrels should be allowed to live in cities.‎ D. It is possible for people to keep squirrels as pets.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了松鼠是否应该留在城市生活的问题。‎ ‎1.D ‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Around that time, the tree-dwelling animals were being set free in America’s urban areas to “create pockets of peace and calm like the countryside,”可知，松鼠被引进费城是为了让城市生活变得更宁静，故选D。‎ ‎2.C ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的In the 1910s a leader of the Boy Scouts of America(an organization teaching boys practical skills)said that teaching children to feed squirrels could show the rewards of treating a weaker creature with sympathy, says Benson. （Benson说，20世纪10年代，美国童子军的一位领导人说，教孩子喂松鼠可以显示出同情地对待弱小动物的回报。）可知，这名童子军领导支持喂养松鼠的行为，故选C。‎ ‎3.B ‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的By the 1950s those working animals had been moved to the countryside（到20世纪50年代，这些动物已经被转移到农村）和第五段中的Before long, people s enthusiasm forsquirrels wore off, and they started to see them as annoyances. By the 1970s many parks banned feeding the creatures（不久，人们对松鼠的热情就消退了，他们开始把松鼠视为讨厌的东西。到20世纪70年代，许多公园禁止给这些动物喂食。）由此推断出，在20世纪60年代左右，城市松鼠开始失宠，故选B。‎ ‎4.C ‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的constructive和 a good thing等关键词，以及 It’s good for the soul可判断Benson认为松鼠应该被允许留在城市里，故选C。‎ ‎（2019·河南高三期中）‎ Summer Student Jobs with the Ontario Public Service Learn. Grow. Contribute. ‎ Applications are no longer being accepted for this year’s Summer Employment Opportunities program. For details on when to apply to the Summer Employment Opportunities program next ‎ year, please check back with us in December/January All Student job ads will be posted on February 8, 2019. Student jobs will have varying application deadlines. ‎ Review the 2019 applications deadlines and apply for the student jobs which you are interested in. ‎ Watch our video to learn more about Summer Employment Opportunities. ‎ For details on how to apply, review our Student Application Guide. ‎ TYPES OF SUMMER STUDENT JOBS Every year, the Ontario Public Service, related agencies and community groups, provide up to 5, 000 students with jobs across the province. These jobs help Ontario students with limited work experience develop transferable skills, support their career goals and learn more about the Ontario Public Service! Summer Employment Opportunities are full-time, temporary positions ranging from 7-18 weeks between May and September. ‎ We offer over 70 student jobs in the following career fields. ‎ ‎•Administration ‎•Agriculture and Livestock ‎•Business ‎•Customer Service ‎•Engineering ‎•Environment ‎•Information Management ‎•Language ‎•Maintenance ‎•Ontario Place ‎•Ontario Parks ‎•Policy ‎•Science ‎•Social Services ‎•Technology For more information, explore the Types of Student Jobs. ‎ ‎1. What can help a student get a summer job in Ontario?‎ A. Limited work experience. B. Excellent communication skills. ‎ C. Limited study experience. D. Excellent transferable skills. ‎ ‎2. What is the job range required by the Summer Employment Opportunities program?‎ A. 1 -6 weeks between May and September. ‎ B. 7-18 weeks between May and September. ‎ C. 7 - 18 weeks between August and December. ‎ D. 1-18 weeks between August and December. ‎ ‎3. How can you get more information to get a job according to the last part of the passage?‎ A. Go to watch their video. ‎ B. Go to the 2019 applications C. Go to Student Application Guide. ‎ D. Go to Types of Summer Student Jobs. ‎ ‎【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。主要为一则安大略省公共服务部为学生提供暑假工作的招聘启示。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据TYPES OF SUMMER STUDENT JOBS部分中These jobs help Ontario students with limited work experience develop transferable skills, support their career goals and learn more about the Ontario Public Service!（这些工作帮助那些工作经验有限的安大略省学生发展可转移的技能，支持他们的职业目标，了解更多关于安大略省公共服务!）可知工作经验有限能够帮助学生在安大略省找一份暑期工作。故选A。‎ ‎2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据TYPES OF SUMMER STUDENT JOBS部分中Summer Employment Opportunities are full-time, temporary positions ranging from 7-18 weeks between May and September. （夏季的工作机会是全职的，临时的职位，从5月到9月的7-18周不等。）可知根据夏季就业机会项目的要求，工作时间范围为5月至9月之间7-18周。故选B。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句For more information, explore the Types of Student Jobs. （要了解更多信息，请探索Types of Student Jobs。）可知你可以在Types of Summer Student Jobs了解更多信息。故选D。‎ ‎（2019·福建高三期末）‎ The Pacific nation of Palau will soon ban many types of sunscreen in an effort to protect its coral reefs. ‎ President Tommy Remengesau Jr, signed legislation (法令) recently that bans “reef toxic” (对珊瑚有毒) sunscreen beginning in 2020. The law defines reef toxic sunscreen as containing any one of 10 chemicals, including oxybenzone. Other chemicals may also be banned. ‎ Officials will take banned sunscreens from visitors who carry them into the country, Businesses that sell the banned products will be fined up to $1,000. ‎ In a statement, Remengesau said that the punishments find the right balance between “educating tourists and scaring them away. ”‎ The law also requires tour operators to start providing customers with reusable cups, drinking straws and food containers. ‎ The president said the legislation was introduced based on information from a 2017 report. The report found that sunscreen products were widespread in Palau’s famous Jelly fish Lake. The lake was closed for more than a year because of a decrease in jellyfish numbers. It was recently reopened. ‎ The president also noted that plastic waste, chemical pollution, and climate change all threaten the country’s environmental health. ‎ Scientists have found that some chemicals in sunscreen can be toxic to coral reefs. The reels are an important part of the ocean environment and popular with tourists, But some critics say there are not enough independent scientific studies on the issue. Others worry that people will suffer from too much sun contact if they stop using the products. ‎ Some manufacturers have already started selling “reef-friendly” sunscreen. ‎ Palau is located east of the Philippines and north of Indonesia. The nation is home to 21,000 people. Its economy depends on tourism and fishing. ‎ ‎4. What can we learn about Palau’s new legislation?‎ A. It contributes to the balance of nature. ‎ B. It benefits the health of the tourists. ‎ C. It allows for environmental protection. ‎ D. It is based on a scientific research. ‎ ‎5. What will happen to visitors carrying banned sunscreens into Palau after 2020?‎ A. They will be put into prison. ‎ B. Their sunscreens will be taken away. ‎ C. They will be fined up to $1,000‎ D. They will be driven out of the country. ‎ ‎6. Which of the following is True according to the text?‎ A. Reef-toxic sunscreen contains 10 chemicals. ‎ B. Jellyfish Lake was once closed and reopened in 2017. ‎ C. Tourists to Palau have suffered much from sun contact. ‎ D. “Reef-friendly” sunscreen are on sale in Palau. ‎ ‎7. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Palau Carried out New Legislation B. Sunscreen Products Are Reef-toxic C. Palau to Ban Sunscreen to Save Its Coral Reefs D. Palau to Sell “Reef-friendly” Sunscreen ‎【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。太平洋岛国帕劳将很快禁止使用多种防晒霜，以保护其珊瑚礁。官员将从携带被禁产品入境的游客手中拿走被禁产品，销售被禁产品的商家将被处以最高1000美元的罚款。同时介绍了这项立法的一些情况以及近些年防晒霜对帕劳环境产生的影响。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段The Pacific nation of Palau will soon ban many types of sunscreen in an effort to protect its coral reefs. （太平洋岛国帕劳将很快禁止使用多种防晒霜，以保护其珊瑚礁。）可知帕劳的新立法是出于保护环境发出的。故选C。‎ ‎5.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段Officials will take banned sunscreens from visitors who carry them into the country, Businesses that sell the banned products will be fined up to $1,000. （官员将从携带被禁产品入境的游客手中拿走被禁产品，销售被禁产品的商家将被处以最高1000美元的罚款。）可知2020年后，携带禁用防晒霜进入帕劳的游客，他们的防晒霜将被没收。故选B。‎ ‎6.D 【解析】细节理解题。倒数第二段Some manufacturers have already started selling “reef-friendly” sunscreen. （一些制造商已经开始销售“对珊瑚礁无害”的防晒霜。）可知帕劳正在出售“对珊瑚礁无害”的防晒霜。故选D。‎ ‎7.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段The Pacific nation of Palau will soon ban many types of ‎ sunscreen in an effort to protect its coral reefs. （太平洋岛国帕劳将很快禁止使用多种防晒霜，以保护其珊瑚礁。）以及文章主要内容围绕为了保护珊瑚礁，帕劳将禁止使用防晒霜展开。故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（2019·北京高三期末） ‎ Underwater Museums Many underwater museums are supported by companies that offer guided tours. A trained guide leads groups around a striking underwater display of statues in each museum. Depending on the depth of the museum, visitors may be able to view the sculptures from the glass bottomed boat or by swimming on the surface. Other underwater museums are deeper and are most accessible to scuba divers. ‎ Underwater museums have many functions. One of their main purposes is to create an artificial reef environment where sea creatures can live. That’s why some of the museums are located in areas that were damaged by hurricanes or are considered underwater “deserts”. The statues in the museum are designed in a way that encourages the growth of coral and plant life. Over time, the statues and plants attract more and more fish to the area. ‎ Florida, U. S. AFlorida is home to different types of underwater museums. The state’s newest underwater museum, the Underwater Museum of Art, can be found off the coast of Grayton Beach. This part of the Gulf of Mexico is an underwater desert, so creators hope that the exhibit will improve the marine ecosystem. ‎ Cancun, MexicoFor years, Cancun has been a popular tourist destination. And one of the major draws is the water. The Museo Subacuatico de Arte is an ideal place for snorkelers and first time divers. There they can enjoy more than 500 statues that help to make up an artificial reef. This museum was created to give visitors an alternative attraction to the area’s natural reef, which has been damaged. ‎ Canary Islands, SpainMuseo Atlantio, off the coast of Lanzarote, has an impressive display of more than 300 statues. They were created by Jason Decaires Taylor, a British sculptor, who has contributed to the creation of several underwater museums including the ones near Cancun and the Canary Islands. The Cancun statues focus on man’s interaction with the marine world. If you’re looking for a different museum experience, check out one that’s underwater. ‎ ‎8. In underwater museums, visitors can see the following things except. ‎ A. statues B. deserts C. reefs D. sculptures ‎9. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?‎ A. Underwater museums can not be visited through guided tours. ‎ B. Underwater museums are all located in areas damaged by hurricane. ‎ C. Underwater museums can be viewed all over the world. ‎ D. Underwater museums can help improve underwater environments. ‎ ‎10. We can learn from the passage that. ‎ A. over 300 statues can be seen in the Underwater Museum of Art B. natural reef hasn’t been damaged in Cancun C. the statues of Cancun and the Canary Islands are made by the same sculptor D. plant life can’t grow in underwater museums ‎11. Where is the text probably taken from?‎ A. A personal diary. B. A tourist guidebook. ‎ C. An official report. D. A hotel brochure. ‎ ‎【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了水下博物馆的功能以及一些世界上水下博物馆的情况。‎ ‎8.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段（水下博物馆有很多功能。他们的主要目的之一是创造一个人工礁石环境，海洋生物可以生存。这就是为什么有些博物馆位于被飓风破坏的地区，或者被认为是水下的“沙漠”。博物馆里的雕像在设计上鼓励了珊瑚和植物的生长。随着时间的推移，雕像和植物吸引了越来越多的鱼到这个地区。）可知游客在水下博物馆可以看到礁石和雕像，但是没有提到可以看到真正的沙漠。故选B。‎ ‎9.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句This part of the Gulf of Mexico is an underwater desert, so creators hope that the exhibit will improve the marine ecosystem. （墨西哥湾的这部分是水下沙漠，所以创作者希望这次展览能改善海洋生态系统。）可知水下博物馆可以帮助改善水下环境。故选D。‎ ‎10.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中They were created by Jason Decaires Taylor, a British sculptor, who has contributed to the creation of several underwater museums including the ones near Cancun and the Canary Islands. （它们是由英国雕塑家Jason ‎ Decaires Taylor创作的，他为建造几座水下博物馆做出了贡献，其中包括坎昆和加那利群岛附近的博物馆。）可知坎昆和加那利群岛的雕像是由同一位雕刻家雕刻的。故选C。‎ ‎11.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段Many underwater museums are supported by companies that offer guided tours. … by swimming on the surface. （许多水下博物馆是由提供导游的公司资助的。在每个博物馆里，一名训练有素的导游带领着一群人参观引人注目的水下雕塑展览。根据博物馆的深度，游客可以从玻璃底船或在水面上游泳来观赏雕塑。）可推知文章可能来自一本旅游指南。故选B。‎ ‎（2019·湖北高三月考）Metropolis Book Club Membership:‎ All you need to do is fill out the order form at the bottom of the page, select your first order from our book list and then post the completed form back to us. ‎ Special offers for new members:‎ As a special offer, you may choose any reduced-price books from our new members’ book list, to the value of 100 yuan in total. ‎ Tick the box on your form to order a free watch. ‎ Join before the end of this month and you receive another free book carefully chosen by our staff. ‎ Order an audio-book from the many on offer, at half the recommended retail price. ‎ When you’ve joined:‎ As a member you get around 50% off the publisher’s price of every book you buy, and what’s more, they come straight to your door. Your free club magazine arrives once a month to keep you up to date with the latest best-sellers we’ve added to our list. On the Internet, you can find all our titles for the year at our exclusive members’ website. Our website also has a book swap service where members can request or offer books for exchange. ‎ Being a member:‎ All you have to do is order four books during your first year. After that, you can decide on the number of books you wish to take. ‎ In each of your monthly club magazines, our experienced staff choose a “Book of the Month”‎ ‎ for you, which is offered at an extra-special price. If you do not want this book, just say so in the space provided on the form and send it back to us. We always send the book if we do not receive this form. ‎ Once we receive your order, your books are delivered within one week. And remember, you have up to a fortnight to decide if you wish to keep the books you have ordered. If they aren’t what you expected just send them back!‎ ‎1. How can you become a member of the Metropolis Book Club?‎ A. By ordering a watch free of charge. ‎ B. By sending the advertisement to the club. ‎ C. By choosing books with special prices. ‎ D. By returning the completed order form. ‎ ‎2. What information does the monthly magazine give members?‎ A. The percentage saved on each book. ‎ B. The names of all the books sold by the club. ‎ C. The list of the newest books available to buy. ‎ D. The books that can be swapped by club members. ‎ ‎3. What can we infer from the last part of the passage?‎ A. At least four books should be bought each year. ‎ B. Members can look at the books before they buy them. ‎ C. Members need to buy the “Book of the Month”. ‎ D. The more books bought, the higher the member’s grade. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要介绍如何成为都市图书俱乐部的会员，以及成为会员有哪些优势。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Membership: All you need to do is fill out the order form at the bottom of the page, select your first order from our book list and then post the completed form back to us. ” 你所要做的就是填写下面的订单，从我们的书单中选择你的第一个订单，然后把填妥的表格寄回给我们。分析内容可知填写订单并寄给他们就可成为会员，分析选项可知D项符合题意。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据Being a member 中的“In each of your monthly club magazines, our experienced staff choose a “Book of the Month” for you, which is offered at an extra-special price. ‎ ‎”每一期月刊杂志，有经验的员工会选择一本“当月之书”（每月刊最好的）给你，它是以特别价格提供的。“Book of the Month”即the newest books 。分析选项可知C项符合题意。故选C。‎ ‎3.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“And remember, you have up to a fortnight to decide if you wish to keep the books you have ordered. If they aren’t what you expected just send them back!”你有两周的时间来决定是否保留你所订购的书。如果他们不是你所期望的，就把他们送回去！分析句意可知，收到书后在两周之内如果觉得不是你想要的书可退回，可知会员可以在买之前看到书的。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。‎ ‎（2019·福建三明一中高三月考） ‎ Google’s new camera, called Clips, is a smart device. It comes with a case that has a clip (夹 子), but it’s not designed to be worn on your clothing. Most interestingly, it uses artificial intelligence to take photography out of your hands and captures moments entirely on its own!‎ What sets this roughly 2-inch by 2-inch camera, with a three-hour battery life and Gorilla Glass for toughness apart is that it is specially intended for candid moments, like when a child does something cute that may happen too quickly for you to pull out your smartphone. ‎ The Clips device, it uses machine learning algorithms ( 计 算 程 序 ) to help capture scenes. Those algorithms include face recognition. “Once it learns that there’s a face you see frequently, it’ll try to get nice photos of those faces,” said Juston Payne, the device’s product manager. And they also want it to recognize facial expressions, which involved “training it to know what happiness looks like”. The Google team also trained it to recognize what not to shoot—like when a child’s hand is over the lens, or if it is tossed in a dark purse. ‎ The only way to see the images is by connecting the camera with your phone, as it has no screen for viewing or editing. ‎ Concerned it could seem strange? Yes, Payne admitted, but he said they addressed that by making it obvious what it is. A green light on the front signals that it is on. Besides, unlike a camera meant to monitor your home, it is not connected to the Internet. ‎ ‎“This product is only possible because of the way that silicon(硅) has advanced,” Payne said that now they could squeeze the technology down into a device this size. Going forward, we’re likely to get more assistance from the artificial intelligence packed into our apps and gadgets. ‎ ‎8. What is the most outstanding feature of Clips?‎ A. It enables easy Internet access. ‎ B. It is equipped with tough glass. ‎ C. It can be worn on your clothing. ‎ D. It allows of hands-free photography. ‎ ‎9. What does the underlined word “candid” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A. Awkward. B. Brief. ‎ C. Touching. D. Unforgettable. ‎ ‎10. What makes Clips a reality according to Juston Payne?‎ A. The advance in technology. ‎ B. The popularity of the Internet. ‎ C. The screen for viewing and editing. ‎ D. The rise of the smartphone industry. ‎ ‎11. What does the text mainly talk about?‎ A. New gadgets in the age of apps. ‎ B. Artificial intelligence in daily Life. ‎ C. A new digital camera from Google. ‎ D. An alternative way to photograph. ‎ ‎【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了谷歌公司推出了一款叫Clips的新相机，并对照相机的各种功能和使用进行了介绍。‎ ‎8.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段Most interestingly, it uses artificial intelligence to take photography out of your hands so it can capture moments on its own可知，谷歌开发的这款相机使用人工智能来拍照，不需要你动手按键，它就可以帮助你记录美好的精彩瞬间。故选D项。‎ ‎9.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句like when a child does something cute that may happen too quickly for you to pull out your smartphone. 比如孩子做了一些可爱的事情，你可能来不及拿出智能手机。可知，画线句表示：这款相机能解决手机不能及时抓拍小孩子所做的短暂又可爱的事。candid moments意为“短暂”的时刻。故选B项。‎ ‎10.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“This product is only possible because of the way that silicon has advanced, ” Payne said, noting that it was only in the past year or so that they could squeeze the technology down into a device this size. Going forward, we’re likely to get more assistance from the artificial intelligence packed into our apps and ‎ gadgets可知，这款相机依靠先进的科技和人工智能等使得它成为了可能，成为了可以帮助人们记录美好瞬间的工具。故选A项。‎ ‎11.C 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段Google’s new camera, called Clips, is a small, smart device. 可知，本文主要讲述了谷歌开发的一款新的照相机，并对照相机的各种功能和使用进行了介绍。故选C项。‎ ‎（2019·福建三明一中高三月考） ‎ The assumption that depression is a disease has been supported by biologists, psychiatrists and companies producing medicine. Although advances in medical treatment have certainly been responsible for reducing much suffering, sticking to the disease model is preventing a more complete understanding of why we are so likely to suffer from depression, with at least 45% of people experiencing the condition in their lifetimes. ‎ My recent review of theories and personal observations suggests that depression might serve some useful functions. We should not forget that depression has meaning, and that there is a real new life after recovery. ‎ A recent study of depression in Holland showed that people seemed to cope better with hardships in life after depression than they were doing before it. In the group as a whole, liveliness, psychological health, social and spare-time activities, performance at work and general health all significantly improved upon recovery from depression. ‎ Depression can lead to great insights(洞察力) and achievements. More than 2,000 years ago, Aristotle believed depression to be a state of great moral and spiritual value because of the insights it could bring. The philosopher John Stuart Mill wrote his famous work, Utilitarianism, at the age of 19 and became depressed at the age of 21. Upon recovery, he admitted that the experience had taught him an important lesson---that he should not sacrifice(牺牲) his social and emotional development to intellectual ambition. ‎ Theories have suggested that depression could be a defense against the long-time stress. It is possible that depression defends us against the tendency to ignore our true needs by chasing unobtainable goals and helps to bring these needs into sharper focus. ‎ Depression may bring about a “rebirth” because it removes a false idea about oneself. There is some evidence from scientific studies to show that depressed people are rather more realistic in their thinking than “healthy” individuals. With recovery, a new kind of truth could be ‎ found, which would do away with blind optimism: a more modest evaluation of the depressed person’s own ability, containing a more balanced picture of his or her life. ‎ Depression may have forced our ancestors to look again at their strengths and weaknesses, and their coping strategies. Regardless of the reason for falling into depression, the journey has potential to make us better equipped, in a general sense, for life. ‎ ‎12. Which of the following is the disadvantage of treating depression as a disease?‎ A. People dislike being taken as patients. ‎ B. The medical treatment costs a lot of money. ‎ C. It prevents us from better understanding depression. ‎ D. It stops people from getting a balanced picture of life. ‎ ‎13. After recovering from depression, John Stuart Mill realized that he shouldn’t _________ . ‎ A. take part in too many social activities B. aim too high in intellectual achievement C. write Utilitarianism at such an early age D. consider too much about emotional needs ‎14. What functions can depression serve?‎ a. It enables people to perform better at work b. It makes it easier to achieve people’s dream. ‎ c. It helps people to get a realistic view of self d. It improves people’s ability to deal with difficulties A. abc B. bcd C. abd D. acd ‎35. What can be a suitable title for this passage?‎ A. Ways to Address Depression B. Brave Attitude to Depression C. Depression: Disease or Rebirth?‎ D. Depression: Assumption or Reality?‎ ‎【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕着抑郁症的可能起到一些有益的作用展开。告知我们不应该忘记抑郁是有意义的，而且在抑郁症康复后会有一个真正的新生活。‎ ‎12.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段Although advances in medical treatment have certainly been responsible for reducing much suffering, sticking to the disease model is preventing a ‎ more complete understanding of why we are so likely to suffer from depression尽管医疗技术的进步确实减少了很多痛苦，但坚持疾病模型使我们无法更全面地理解为什么我们如此容易患上抑郁症。可知，阻止我们更好地理解抑郁症是将抑郁症作为一种疾病治疗的缺点。故选C项。‎ ‎13.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段Upon recovery, he admitted that the experience had taught him an important lesson---that he should not sacrifice(牺牲) his social and emotional development to intellectual ambition. 康复后，他承认这次经历给了他一个重要的教训——他不应该为了追求智力而牺牲自己的社交和情感发展。可知，John Stuart Mill意识到他不应该在智力成就上目标过高。故选B项。‎ ‎14.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段A recent study of depression in Holland showed that people seemed to cope better with hardships in life after depression than they were doing before it. 最近在荷兰进行的一项关于抑郁症的研究表明，人们在抑郁症后似乎比在抑郁症前更好地应对生活中的困难，可知d项“它提高了人们处理困难的能力”正确；根据第四段Depression can lead to great insights and achievements. 抑郁可以带来伟大的洞察力和成就。可知，a项“它使人们在工作中表现得更好”正确；根据第六段Depression may bring about a “rebirth” because it removes a false idea about oneself. 抑郁可能带来“重生”，因为它消除了对自己的错误认识。可知c项“它帮助人们对自己有一个现实的认识”正确；故选D项。‎ ‎35.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段My recent review of theories and personal observations suggests that depression might serve some useful functions. We should not forget that depression has meaning, and that there is a real new life after recovery. 我最近对各种理论和个人观察的回顾表明，抑郁症可能起到一些有益的作用。我们不应该忘记抑郁是有意义的，而且在康复后会有一个真正的新生活。以及最后一段Regardless of the reason for falling into depression, the journey has potential to make us better equipped, in a general sense, for life. 不管陷入抑郁的原因是什么，总的来说，这段旅程有可能让我们更好地为生活做好准备。可知，文章围绕着抑郁症的好处来展开，故文章的合适标题应该是“勇敢面对抑郁”。故选C项。‎ ‎（2019·安徽高三月考） Anyone who has studied biology, watched a nature documentary, or, for that matter, simply enjoyed time in the outdoors, has likely been amazed by the variety of plant and animal life on our planet. ‎ To date, about 1. 5 million species have been formally described in the scientific literature, most of them insects. Proportionally, bacteria make up less than 1% of all described species. ‎ Scientists generally agree that many more species exist than are formally described，but they disagree about how many there really are. Some studies have estimated 2 million or fewer, whereas others suggest as many as 12 million. In a new paper published in The Quarterly Review of Biology，researchers from the University of Arizona have estimated that there are roughly 2 billion living species on Earth, over a thousand times more than the current number of described species. In coming up with their estimate，the researchers took advantage of the fact that many estimates now agree on the projected number of insect species, around 6. 8 million. They incorporated new estimates of species boundaries revealed by DNA sequences, which suggest there might be six times as many insect species，increasing the total to 40 million for insect species alone. ‎ They then reviewed all groups of organisms associated with insects as parasites. They found that each insect species most likely hosts a unique species of mite(螨)，roundworm，a one-celled microsporidian(微孢子虫), and a one-celled organism called apicomplexan(顶覆虫). Most importantly, the researchers estimated that each insect species is likely to host at least 10 bacterial species found nowhere else. Based on these estimates，they conclude that there should be around 2 billion species on Earth. ‎ ‎36. How many bacterial species are formally described in the scientific literature?‎ A. About 1. 5 billion. B. About 1. 5 million. ‎ C. About 150 thousand. D. About 15 thousand. ‎ ‎37. Which of the following do scientists generally agree on?‎ A. There are many more species not included in the scientific literature. ‎ B. There are about 1. 5 million insects described in the scientific literature. ‎ C. There are about 12 million species existing but not known to the scientists. ‎ D. There tire about 6. 8 million insect species not hosting parasites. ‎ ‎38. Which word can best explain "hosts" underlined in the last paragraph?‎ A. Attracts. B. Supports. ‎ C. Kills. D. Invites. ‎ ‎39. What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A. A discovery of new bacterial species. ‎ B. Different theories to estimate species. ‎ C. A new estimate of biodiversity on Earth. ‎ D. Different opinions on the number of species. ‎ ‎【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。科学家们普遍认为，现存的物种比正式描述的要多得多，但他们对实际存在的物种数量却存在分歧。亚利桑那大学的研究人员回顾了所有与昆虫有关的寄生虫有机体，提出地球上应该有大约20亿物种。‎ ‎36.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段To date, about 1. 5 million species have been formally described in the scientific literature, most of them insects. Proportionally, bacteria make up less than 1% of all described species. 可知，正式载入科学文献中的物种大约是150万，细菌占比不超过1%，1500000*1%=15000，所以大约有一万五千种细菌计入科学文献。故选D项。‎ ‎37.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists generally agree that many more species exist than are formally described，but they disagree about how many there really are. 可知，科学家们一致认为真正存在的物种比计入文献的物种要多。故选A项。‎ ‎38.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句They then reviewed all groups of organisms associated with insects as parasites. 可知，科学家研究了和昆虫相关联的寄生虫。而本句中host的主语是昆虫，宾语是寄生虫的种类，由此可以推断host在此处作动词，意为“供养(寄生虫)”，和B项意思相近。故选B项。‎ ‎39.C 【解析】主旨大意题。本文的主体段是尾段，They then reviewed all groups of organisms associated with insects as parasites. 提出了预测物种数量的依据，而本段的尾句Based on these estimates，they conclude that there should be around 2 billion species on Earth. 是主体段的主题句，也是整篇文章的主题句。所以短文主要是关于对地球生物多样性的新估计。故选C项。‎ 河南省九师联盟2019-2020学年高三10月质量检测英语试题 Dance Classes Ballet Ballet teaches grace, posture(姿势) and flexibility. Students focus on the use of proper ballet ‎ itemsc物品),expanding their knowledge of classical ballet techniques and improving motor skills for classicai ballet practice. The class is a formal ballet class. ‎ Age 8-10‎ September 7, 2019-May 16, 2020‎ ‎10:30 am-12:00 am on Saturday Creative Movers Students can explore creative movement, balance, focus, the development of skills, motor planning and balance. The class helps build strength, flexibility and self-confidence, and allows children to realize expression in a positive and encouraging environment. Children use their imagination to celebrate movement and have lots of fun. ‎ Age 3-5‎ September 7, 2019-January 18, 2020‎ ‎9 : 00 am-9 : 45 am on Saturday Jazz Jazz includes movements from both classical ballet and dance techniques. This class will focus on traditional iazz dance. Students will be introduced to jazz-style thythms and movements. In order to ensure proper placement for your child, we invite all students to participate in a sample(示例) class. Students and parents work with program staff to meet students' personal dance goals. ‎ Age 5-6‎ September 7, 2019-May 16, 2020‎ ‎2 : 00 pm-3 : 00 pm on Saturday Hip Hop Students will be introduced to several different aspects of hip hop dance including popping, locking,breaking and tutting in a high-energy environment. Our hip hop instructors are highly knowledgeable and will brovide students with a wonderful view of hip hop dance. ‎ Age 7-10‎ September 7, 2019-May 16, 2020‎ ‎1 : 00 pm-2 : 00 pm on Sunday ‎1. Which class is suitable for 4-year-old children?‎ A. Ballet. B. Creative Movers. ‎ C. Hip Hop. D. Jazz. ‎ ‎2. What can students do in the jazz class?‎ A. Make use of all the ballet items. B. Learn the long history of jazz. ‎ C. Dance with famous modern jazz dancers. D. Get to know jazz-style movements. ‎ ‎3. What is special about the hip hop class'?‎ A. It is open in the afternoon. B. It is available on Sunday. ‎ C. It teaches traditional dances. D. It has the most skilled teachers. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. B2. D3. B ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了几门舞蹈课。这些课程适合不同年龄段的孩子。孩子们可以根据自己的喜好选择自己喜欢的课程。‎ ‎1. 【解析】细节理解题。根据Creative Movers巾的Age 3-5可知，Creative Movers这门课适合四岁的孩子。故选B项。‎ ‎2. 【解析】细节理解题。根据Jazz中Students will be introduced to jazz-style rhythms and movements. 可知，学生们在Jazz课中可以了解爵士风格的舞蹈动作。故选D项。‎ ‎3. 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中提及Ballet(10:30 am-12:00 am on Saturday) ;Creative Movers(9 : 00 am-9 : 45 am on Saturday);Jazz( 2 : 00 pm-3 : 00 pm on Saturday);Hip Pop(1 : 00 pm-2 : 00 pm on Sunday) 可知其他三门舞蹈课都是在星期六上课，而Hip Hop课是在星期天上课，这就是它独特的地方。故选B项。‎ ‎ （河南省九师联盟2019-2020学年高三质量检测） Nhon Ly, a 55-year-old Vietnamese-born professional bodybuilder from California has been awarded the “real-life Master Roshi" for his unbelievable similarity to the popular Dragon Ball Z anime( 日本动漫) character. ‎ Ly certainly doesn't look like any other typical 55-year-old man. In fact, he looks a lot better than most guys in their 20s, with his lean(瘦且健康的), strong muscles and youthful attitude. But he's absolutely not the only 50-something man who has the strong muscle in the world. What really sets Nhon Ly apart from all the rest is his unbelievable similarity to Dragon ‎ Ball Z character Master Roshi, also known as the Turtle Hermit, in his "final form". And he apparently liked the comparison so much that he even set his Instagram handle as @master_ roshi_ real_ life. ‎ According to Madness Media , Ly immigrated to the United States in 1980, at the age of 16. He got a job as a pedicurist(修脚师) at a nail salon, and worked his way up to salon owner. Although he has achieved so much, bodybuilding has always been his biggest love. He has competed in several professional bodybuilding events, with his most notable results being the 4th place at the 2011 US Championship, the 7th place at the 2012 edition ,and the 5th place at the 2015 Nationals. ‎ Even at 55, Nhon Ly continues to train hard in the gym in order to keep his Master Roshi look. He also likes to share photos and videos with his 40,000 fans, many of whom are Dragon Ball Z fans. They routinely post a large quantity of comments, thanking him for training Goku, who is the main character in Dragon Ball media, and asking him to train them in the art of bodybuilding. ‎ ‎1. Why is Nhon Ly called "real-life Master Roshi"?‎ A. He looks extremely similar to Master Roshi. ‎ B. He is quite good at training people like Goku. ‎ C. He has the same life stories as Master Roshi. ‎ D. He holds a special attitude to Dragon Ball Z. ‎ ‎1. How does Nhon Ly feel about his "new name"?‎ A. He finds it typical yet silly. B. He thinks it can be popular. ‎ C. He is fond of it very much. D. He considers it embarrassing. ‎ ‎1. Which of the following words can best describe Nhon Ly?‎ A. Confident and wealthy. B. Creative and ambitious. ‎ C. Athletic and hardworking. D. Healthy and generous. ‎ ‎1. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Success Comes From Continuous Efforts and Dreams B. Great Achievements of an Old but Still Positive Athlete C. Unbelievable Life Experiences of an Anime Character D. A 55-year-old Man Is Known for Looking Like Master Roshi ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。55岁的职业健美运动员尼汉·莱因其与流行的《龙珠Z》中的动画人物龟仙人看起来相像而被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号。他看起来比20多岁的小伙子还要年轻健美，这源于他多年坚持不断的健身。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段Nhon Ly, a 55-year-old Vietnamese-born professional bodybuilder from California has been awarded the “real-life Master Roshi" for his unbelievable similarity to the popular Dragon Ball Z anime( 日本动漫) character. （55岁的Nhon Ly是一名出生于越南的职业健美运动员，来自加利福尼亚。他被授予“现实生活中的Roshi大师”称号，因为他和流行的龙珠Z动画人物有着令人难以置信的相似之处。）可知，尼汉·莱被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号是因为他与《龙珠Z》中的动画人物龟仙人极其相像。故选A项。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“And he apparently liked the comparison so much that he even set his Instagram handle as CcOmaster_ roshi_ real_ life. ”（他显然非常喜欢这种比较，甚至把自己的Instagram账号设为“roshi_ real_ life”。）可推断，尼汉·莱非常喜欢他的“新名字”。故选C项。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“In fact. he looks a lot better than most guys in their 20s. with his lean，strong muscles and youthful attitude. （“事实上。他看起来比大多数20多岁的年轻人好得多，肌肉结实，有年轻的态度。”）第三段He got a job as a pedicurist(修脚师) at a nail salon, and worked his way up to salon owner. （他在一家美甲沙龙找到了一份修脚师的工作，并一步步成为美甲沙龙的老板。）及第四段“Even at 55, Nhon I_v continues to train hard in the gym in order to keep his Master Roshi look. （即使在55岁的时候，Nhon I_v仍然在健身房刻苦训练，以保持他的Roshi大师的形象。）”可推断，尼汉·莱体格健壮且勤奋。故选C项。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了55岁的职业健美运动员尼汉·莱因其与流行的《龙珠Z》中的动 面人物龟仙人看起来相像而被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号。故选D项。‎ ‎ （河南省九师联盟2019-2020学年高三质量检测）It seems we're always being told to get more sleep. Studies suggest spending less time on sleep can lead to obesity(肥胖) and even cancer. You might even find yourself with a head full of false memories. But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much. That's because few of us in today's busy ‎ world have the luck of exploring that option. ‎ In an August 2018 study, published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, researchers researched the sleep patterns of those“fortunate”few and found they may not be so lucky after all. In fact, they found people who get more than eight hours of sleep have greater health risk compared to those who sleep together less than seven hours. What's more, sleep-aholics-those who manage to get 10 hours a night-stand a 30 percent higher chance of dying compared to the seven-hour crowd. ‎ The wide-ranging global study involved(涉及) more than three million people who self-reported on their sleep habits and came to an eye-opening conclusion: If you tend to sleep a lot, you may want to buy an alarm clock. As with all things in life, sleep is best taken in moderation（适度）. ‎ You may be thinking: What if I only sleep in on Saturday and Sunday, am I still at risk? The answer is yes, according to a 2019 study published in Current Biology. Researchers discovered that even if a person sleeps more than seven hours on the weekends but still sleeps less than that on weeknights, they are at risk of gaining weight and developing sensitivity to insulin, which controls the level of sugar in blood. ‎ For the study, 36 participants were divided into three groups that each had a different sleep schedule: nine hours every night, five hours every night, and five hours from Monday to Friday and sleeping much on weekends. People who get too much sleep tend to feel tired and lack energy. Also, both sleep-deprived（睡眠不足的) groups consume more food and gain weight. ‎ ‎8. Why is the harmful effect of sleeping too much seldom studied?‎ A. Few people have time to sleep too much. B. Lack of sleep causes much more harm. ‎ C. It turns out to be a healthy sleep pattern. D. People's health has nothing to do with it. ‎ ‎9. What does the underlined words "those 'fortunate' few" in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Those leading a relaxing life. B. Those getting too much sleep. ‎ C. Those with less time to sleep. D. Those with no sleep problems. ‎ ‎10. What can be learned from the 2019 study?‎ A. Sleeping much is particularly beneficial to hungry people. ‎ B. Many people sleep more on weekends than on weekdays. ‎ C. An alarm clock of high quality is important for good sleep. ‎ D. People who sleep much only on weekends also have health risk. ‎ ‎11. What is the main idea of the text?‎ A. It is necessary to save enough time for sleep. ‎ B. Too much sleep can result in gaining weight. ‎ C. Sleeping too much does harm to people's health. ‎ D. People can avoid sleeping much by eating healthily. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。我们似乎总是被告知要多睡觉，但是睡眠过多对身体也是有害的。‎ ‎8.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的第4句和第5句：But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much. That's because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option. 可知，在如今忙碌的社会很少有人会有时间睡太多，所以睡眠过多对人体的危害很少被研究。故选A项。‎ ‎9.B 词义猜测题。在句中的that/those一般指代前文提及内容，根据本句所在位置，可定位至第一段“That's because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option. （这是因为在当今这个繁忙的世界上，很少有人有机会探索这种选择。”及第二段提及的“…they may not be so lucky after all. In fact，they found people who get more than eight hours of sleep have greater health risk（他们可能根本就没有那么幸运。事实上，他们发现睡眠超过8小时的人有更大的健康风险）”可推断，划线部分指代“睡眠时间太长的人”。故选B项。‎ ‎10.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段Researchers discovered that even if a person sleeps more than seven hours on the weekends but still sleeps less than that on weeknights, they are at risk of gaining weight and developing sensitivity to insulin, which controls the level of sugar in blood. （研究人员发现，即使一个人在周末的睡眠时间超过7个小时，但仍然比工作日晚上的睡眠时间少，他们也有体重增加和对控制血糖水平的胰岛素敏感的风险。）可知，只有周末睡得多的人也会面临健康风险。故选D项。‎ ‎11.C 【解析】主旨大意题。文章结构为总分结构，第一段总起提出话题：But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much. 可知文章主要介绍了睡眠过多会对身体造成一定程度的伤害。故选C项。‎ ‎ （河南省九师联盟2019-2020学年高三质量检测）A society that lives by the plastic fork may very well die from it. That's how things are looking. Anyway,for a world so used to ‎ disposable（一次性的） habits, any hope for a solution(解决方案) also increasingly seems to be buried. ‎ Sure, there have been some hopeful ideas. Boyan Slat, the Dutch inventor developed a plan for Covering the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Not long after it started, Slat's system experienced "material fatigue(疲劳)"-likely the result of being strained(使受到压力) by all that trash-and the task was delayed. ‎ AlI the while, the plastic increases. Its growth is very fast, according to Linda Wang, a professor of chemical engineering at Purdue University. She says, "We'II have more plastic than fish by 2050. " Yet Wang, along with other researchers at Purdue, may have a solution not only to this plastic problem, but also to the growing need for clean energy. Her team has developed a system that turns waste, a durable, lightweight material that accounts for about a quarter of all plastic waste, into a highly pure form of gasoline. ‎ Publishing their findings in the journal Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, the scientists state that instead of making plastic go away, they can break it down and reuse it, using chemistry to destroy what chemistry brought to the world when plastic was developed back in 1907. ‎ The process uses "supercritical" water-heated to around 450 degrees celsius(842 degrees Fahrenheit),beyond the key point at which distinct liquid and vapor phases(气液态) exist-to boil plastic waste into an oil,the researchers explain. It takes a couple of hours for the supercritical water to complete the transformation, but the result is a kind of oil that can be used as gasoline or fuel. It can also be turned into other products. ‎ The researchers have only made the transformation in a laboratory setting so far, but they suggest turning the process to a commercial scale（规模） may not be far off. And considering the 300 million tons of plastic into the environment every year, that day can't come soon enough. But it will come in time. ‎ ‎12. Why is the plastic fork mentioned in paragraph l?‎ A. To indicate the hopeless future of human life. ‎ B. To figure out the solution to reducing plastics. ‎ C. To show the seriousness of the plastic problem. ‎ D. To tell people to give up an unhealthy lifestyle. ‎ ‎13. What can we know about Slat's system?‎ A. It proves harmful to the Pacific. ‎ B. It has been abandoned completely. ‎ C. It has received many people's opposition. ‎ D. It met with difficulty while being carried out. ‎ ‎14. What is the advantage of Wang's system?‎ A. It can save fish in the ocean. ‎ B. It can recycle and reuse plastic. ‎ C. It can surely lower the prices of gas and fuel. ‎ D. It can make plastic products more affordable. ‎ ‎15. What is the author's attitude towards Wang's system?‎ A. Hopeful. B. Disapproving. ‎ C. Cautious. D. Uncertain. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。社会习惯了塑料制品，但是这对环境和人类是有害的。为了解决望料问题，很多人提出了解决方案，本文主要介绍了Linda Wang的新系统，它可以回收利用塑料。‎ ‎12.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据后文解释：That's how things are looking. Anyway, for a world so used to disposable habits, any hope for a solution also increasingly seems to be buried. 可知，人们习惯了使用像塑料叉子之类的塑料制品，以至于找到解决塑料问题的解决方案的机会很渺茫。由此可推断，文章提到塑料叉子是为了表明塑料问题的严重性。故选C项。‎ ‎13.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Not long after it started，Slat's system experienced' material fatigue likely the result of being strained by all that trash. ”( 在启动后不久，Slat的系统就经历了“材料疲劳”，这可能是所有垃圾造成的。)可推断，Slat的系统在实施的过程中遇到了困难。故选D项。‎ ‎14.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第3，4句：Yet Wang, along with other researchers at Purdue, may have a solution not only to this plastic problem, but also to the growing need for clean energy. Her team has developed a system that turns waste, a durable, lightweight material that accounts for about a quarter of all plastic waste, into a highly pure form of gasoline.‎ ‎ （然而，王和普渡大学的其他研究人员可能不仅解决了这个塑料问题，而且解决了对清洁能源日益增长的需求。她的团队已经开发出一种系统，可以将废物(一种耐用、重量轻的材料，约占所有塑料废物的四分之一)转化为高纯度的汽油。）可知，Wang的系统可以回收利用塑料。故选B项。‎ ‎15.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“…that day can't come soon enough. But it will come in time. ”（那一天来得越早越好。但它迟早会到来。）可推断，作者对Wang的系统满怀希望。故选A项。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考If you follow these insider tips，your photos will look like you had the place to yourself at the popular tourist attractions. ‎ Vatican Museums:Vatican City The Vatican draws more than five million people each year，and queues can reach four hours during peak season. Christie Hudson，senior communications manager at Expedia，recommends，choosing a skip-the-1ine tour. “This not only lets you avoid the ticket counter，but also includes the use of a private partner entrance. ”Extra time to visit the Sistine Chapel? Yes!‎ Bamboo Forest:Kyoto，Japan Bamboo Forest is the most worthy sight in Kyoto. If you’re longing to enjoy the pathways and take pictures in total quietness，Kyoto Arashiyama Travel Guide recommends hitting the famous Bamboo Grove Path as early in the morning as possible—think 7 a. m. if you’re up for it. Don’t miss these hidden treasures you can only witness in Japan. ‎ Chichen Itza:Yucatán，Mexico Home to E1 Castillo and the Temple of the Warriors，Chichen Itza is a must-see. Want to beat the rush? Schedule an early tour that takes place before a site opens to the public. Led by an archaeologist guide，it’s full of fascinating insights and facts—without tons of pack-wearing tourists. ‎ Louvre Museum:Paris，France The Louvre is one of the most popular museums on the planet. If waiting around in line to get in isn’t the way you prefer to spend your time in Paris，consider purchasing a reserved ticket. This will give you entry to the pyramid within a half-hour window. The Louvre is also open until 9:45 p. m. on Wednesdays and Fridays，if you’re up for some late-night art visits. ‎ ‎16. What is recommended at Vatican Museums by Christie Hudson?‎ A. Queuing four hours. B. Jumping the waiting line. ‎ C. Taking a skip-the-line tour. D. Visiting the Sistine Chapel. ‎ ‎17. Which of the following are available for early tourists to avoid the rush?‎ A. Vatican Museums and Bamboo Forest. B. Chichen Itza and Bamboo Forest. ‎ C. Bamboo Forest and Louvre Museum. D. Chichen Itza and Louvre Museum. ‎ ‎18. Who might this passage be intended for?‎ A. Visitors interested in museums. B. Guides at the tourist attractions. ‎ C. People at the ticket counter. D. Tourists to beat the rush. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎16. C17. B18. D ‎【文章大意】本文是一则广告。文章介绍四个旅游景点，提供给“赶在高峰之前到达的游客”。‎ ‎16. 【解析】细节理解题。根据Vatican Museums:Vatican City中The Vatican draws more than five million people each year，and queues can reach four hours during peak season. Christie Hudson，senior communications manager at Expedia，recommends，choosing a skip-the-1ine tour. 可知，Christie Hudson在Vatican Museums中推荐aking a skip-the-line tour. 故答案为C。‎ ‎17. 【解析】推理判断题。根据Bamboo Forest:Kyoto，Japan中---Kyoto Arashiyama Travel Guide recommends hitting the famous Bamboo Grove Path as early in the morning as possible和Chichen Itza:Yucatán，Mexico中Want to beat the rush? Schedule an early tour that takes place before a site opens to the public. 可知，为避免高峰Chichen Itza 和Bamboo Forest是为早期游客提供的。故选B。‎ ‎18. 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段If you follow these insider tips，your photos will look like you had the place to yourself at the popular tourist attractions. 可知，这篇文章可能是写给“为赶在高峰之前到达的游客”。故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考）An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDEBRIS has successfully cast a net around a dummy (仿真的) satellite, imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage. ‎ The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step ‎ toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space. ‎ Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit, the result of 50 years of space travel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause critical damage. ‎ Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area. ‎ The RemoveDEBRIS experiment is run by a company and researchers led by the U. K. ’s Surrey Space Center and includes Airbus, Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and France’s ArianeGroup. ‎ Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Center, said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long. ‎ The RemoveDEBRIS satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation features that could help guide the satellite to a specific piece of debris. ‎ Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said the success of this week’s experiment was exciting, but he cautioned against “over- publicizing” it. ‎ There are still enormous barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks are underway, he said, and the most discouraging is figuring out how to fund such projects. ‎ Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDEBRIS project, said “The challenge will lie in persuading the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks. ” Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits. ‎ ‎19. What is the use of the RemoveDEBRIS satellite?‎ A. Demonstrating space technology. ‎ B. Imitating a developing technique. ‎ C. Collecting wastes existing in space. ‎ D. Symbolizing great progress in space. ‎ ‎20. How does the RemoveDEBRlS satellite work?‎ A. By throwing a net to take the junk from orbit. ‎ B. By fastening it to the main satellite tightly. ‎ C. By dragging satellites up to 10 meters long. ‎ D. By targeting large pieces of junk carefully. ‎ ‎21. What does the underlined word “sponsor” in the last paragraph probably mean?‎ A. Accomplish. B. Support. C. Oppose. D. Provide. ‎ ‎22. What’s the best title for the text?‎ A. The RemoveDEBRIS Project Is Perfect B. How RemoveDEBRIS Is Invented in the Lab C. Why the RemoveDEBRIS Satellite Is Invented D. Satellite Collects Space Junk for the First Time ‎【来源】四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考英语试题 ‎【答案】‎ ‎19. C20. A21. B22. D ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是“卫星首次收集太空垃圾。”一种名为“清除碎片”的实验清理设备成功地在一颗虚拟卫星周围撒网，模仿一种有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技术。‎ ‎19. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage. “模仿一种有一天可以收集太空垃圾的技术。”可知，the RemoveDEBRIS卫星的用途是收集太空中存在的废物。故选C。‎ ‎20. 【解析】推理判断题。根据第六段中said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long. “该公司表示，一种操作性版本的RemoveDEBRlS技术将会在主卫星上撒网，这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。它可以瞄准大块的垃圾，包括长达10米的报废卫星。”可知，RemoveDEBRlS卫星是通过撒网把垃圾带离轨道。故选A。‎ ‎21. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.‎ ‎ “Aglietti说，他希望清理碎片的工作每年能进行几次，目标是最拥挤轨道上最大的垃圾碎片。”由此推知，“挑战在于说服有关当局赞助这些任务。”可知，划线词的意思是“支持”。故选B。‎ ‎22. 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space. “专家告诉CNN，本周进行的这次测试被广泛认为是太空清洁技术的首次成功演示。它象征着解决太空垃圾这一关键问题的第一步。”可知，本文主题是“卫星首次收集太空垃圾”。故选D。‎ ‎ 四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考 If American waterways had ever been voted on the yearbook，the Buffalo River could easily have been named Ugliest. It could be hard to find hope there. It took decades for public perception of the river to shift. But activist citizens，who collaborated with industry，government，and environment groups never gave up on their polluted river—the Buffalo River gradually went from being considered a lost cause to a place worth fighting for. And by now the cleaned—up water is one of Buffalo’S biggest attractions. ‎ By the 1960s，the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes. The Buffalo River had caught fire many times. The surface had an oily layer，and any fish caught there were not eatable. ‎ The waterway’s fate started shifting in the mid-1960s. Stanley Spisiak was a local Polish—American jeweler by day，but by evening he was the kind of guy who’d chase down dumpers(垃圾车)he spotted on the Buffalo River. By 1966 he found himself winning the National Wildlife Federation’s“Water Conservationist of the Year”award. And before long he got a nickname:“Mr. Buffalo River. ”But there was only so much he could do—the river was still declared biologically dead in 1969. ‎ Jill Spisiak Jedlicka is his great-grandniece. She picks up where he left off by directing the river’s protector organization，Buffalo Niagara Waterkeeper. Professor Schneekloth and seven friends founded the organization as an all-volunteer nonprofit in 1989，after organizing the first river cleanup that year. Today the group employs 27 full-time workers and has helped oversee the Buffalo River’s $100 million restoration. ‎ So far，the Buffalo River’s water quality has restored，but it is still an ongoing issue，as ‎ sewage(污水)can overflow into the river after storms. Habitat restoration continues as well；fish and plantings are still being sampled to measure how well it’s gone. ‎ ‎1. What did the Buffalo River use to be?‎ A. A waterway on the yearbook. B. A river heavily polluted. ‎ C. A great attraction of Buffalo’s. D. A place worth fighting for. ‎ ‎2. Why was Mr. Spisiak named“Mr. Buffalo River”?‎ A. Because his fate shifted in the 1 960s. ‎ B. Because he spotted dumpers on the River. ‎ C. Because he spared no efforts to protect the river. ‎ D. Because the river was declared biologically dead. ‎ ‎3. How long did it take for the river to restore?‎ A. More than half a century. B. Just four decades. ‎ C. About 30 years. D. Only 27 years. ‎ ‎4. What can be a suitable title for this text?‎ A. The restoration of the Buffalo River B. Stanley Spisiak:The“Mr. Buffalo River”‎ C. The future of the Buffalo River D. River protection:A long way to go ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是被污染的the Buffalo River的恢复。‎ ‎1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中never gave up on their polluted river—the Buffalo River gradually went from being considered a lost cause to a place worth fighting for. 第二段中By the 1960s，the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes. The Buffalo River had caught fire many times. The surface had an oily layer，and any fish caught there were not eatable. 可知，the Buffalo River过去是一条被严重污染的河。故选B。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中Stanley Spisiak was a local Polish—American jeweler by day，but by evening he was the kind of guy who’d chase down dumpers(垃圾车)he spotted on the Buffalo River. By 1966 he found himself winning the National Wildlife Federation’s“Water Conservationist of the Year”award. And before long he got a nickname:“Mr. Buffalo River. ”可知，Mr. Spisiak被称为“Mr. Buffalo River”是因为他不遗余力地保护这条河。故选C。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中It took decades for public perception of the river to ‎ shift. “公众对这条河的看法改变花了几十年的时间”第二段第一句By the 1960s，the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes. “到了20世纪60年代，这条河被认为是五大湖最严重的污染源之一。”和最后一段第一句So far，the Buffalo River’s water quality has restored，“到目前为止，布法罗河的水质已经恢复”可知，这条河花了多半个世纪才恢复。故选A。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段和第二段说明了the Buffalo River严重受污染的情况，第三、四段介绍了为改变污染状况所做的努力，最后一段So far，the Buffalo River’s water quality has restored，but it is still an ongoing issue，as sewage(污水)can overflow into the river after storms. Habitat restoration continues as well；fish and plantings are still being sampled to measure how well it’s gone. 是其现状。综上可知，本文讲述的是被污染的the Buffalo River的恢复。故答案为A。‎ Demand for the Chinese tech company＇s devices(设备) is red hot even though the country’s overall market for smartphones is getting smaller Huawei's China sales rocketed more than 20% in the final quarter of 2018, and experts say that's partly due to the US govenment's global campaign against the company. ‎ ‎“The latest tension between the US and China raised the patriotism(爱国主义) in Chinese consumers， said Jusy Hong, an analyst at research firm IHS Markit He pointed out that some Chinese companies encouraged employees to buy Huawei phones late last year. The moves were a gesture of support after the firm's chief financial officer was arrested in Canada in early December at the request of the United States. ‎ Huawei's booming sales show how major parts of its business continue to increase even as the United States tries to persuade other countries to shut Huawei products out of 5G wireless networks and pursues(追究) criminal charges against it. The company expects to overtake Samsung as the world's biggest smartphone maker by next year. ‎ Huawei sold 30 million phones in China in the last three months of 2018, nearly three times as many as Apple(AAPL), according to data published this week by research firms Canalys and IDC. Apple's sales plunged almost 20%. ‎ Huawei's success in China, the world's largest smartphone market, is more than about geopolitics(地缘政治). Chinese consumers love its flagship，high -end- phones because they have ‎ great cameras， cutting edge technology and cost less than the latest iPhones, according to analysts. And by offering a selection of cheaper phones, Huawei is able to target a bigger market. ‎ It also benefited from the troubles this year at ZTE (ZTCOF), a rival Chinese smartphone and telecommunications equipment maker. ZTE was banned by the US government from buying vital American parts for months last year. ‎ ‎27. Why did Huawei's China sales increase greatly according to the article?‎ A. Because the company's devices are always popular worldwide. ‎ B. Because Chinese consumers' patriotism was aroused C. Because the government encourages people to buy Huawei devices. ‎ D. Because the country's overall market for smartphones is getting bigger. ‎ ‎28. What can we conclude from the third paragraph?‎ A. Huawei’s chief financial officer was arrested in Canada due to the US's request. ‎ B. All Chinese companies showed their support to Huawei with their purchase. ‎ C. Jusy Hong thought the United States arrested Huawei's chief financial officer. ‎ D. Jusy Hong thought the arrest of Huawei's chief financial officer is unfair. ‎ ‎29. How do you understand the underlined word in the fifth paragraph?‎ A. increased greatly by. B. reduced greatly to. ‎ C. dropped greatly by. D. remained steady. ‎ ‎30. Why is Huawei's success in China more than about geopolitics?‎ A. Because Huawei has the largest smartphone market in the world. ‎ B. Because Huawei's success is only limited within China mainland. ‎ C. Because Huawei has the ability to target a bigger market in the world. ‎ D. Because Chinese consumers are quite satisfied with Huawei smartphones. ‎ ‎【来源】2020届安徽省皖江名校联盟高三第一次联考试题（8月)英语 ‎【答案】27. B28. A29. C30. D ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。分析介绍了华为公司在手机市场日益缩小的中国仍然火爆的原因。‎ ‎27. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段内容"The latest tension between the US and China raised ‎ the patriotism(爱国主义) in Chinese consumers," 可知中国消费者的爱国主义被唤起，华为在中国的销售量大增。故选B项。‎ ‎28. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段内容The moves were a gesture of support after the firm's chief financial officer was arrested in Canada in early December at the request of the United States. 可知华为的首席财务官因美国的要求在加拿大被捕。 故选A项。‎ ‎29. 词义猜测题。根据前文可知华为手机销量大增而苹果手机销量大跌，故推测此处“plunged”意为销量下降。故选C项。‎ ‎30. 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容Chinese consumers love its flagship, high-end phones because they have great cameras, cutting edge technology and cost less than the latest iPhones, according to analysts. 可知中国消费者对华为的智能手机很满意。故选D项。‎ Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch. We should have arrived at Liverpool at 9:19, but due to a typical London fog, the train had to move along so slowly that it was not until 10:30 that it got there. In spite of our late arrival, Joan, my wife’s sister, decided that she would go to see the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London while we went shopping. It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadn’t decided where we should meet for lunch. Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem. There seemed to be nothing we could do except taking a taxi to the Tower of London, and try to find her there. Needless to say, we didn’t find her. ‎ It was now one o’clock, and the concert began at 2:30. “Perhaps she will think of waiting outside the concert hall,” suggested my wife hopefully. By this time the fog was so thick that road traffic had to stop, and the only way to get there was by underground railway. Hand in hand we felt our way along the road to where we thought the nearest station should be. An hour later we were still trying to find it. Just as I was about to lose my temper completely when we met a blind man tapping his way confidently through the fog. With his help we found Tower Hill tube station just fifty yards down the road. ‎ By now it was far too late even to try to get to the concert hall before the performance began at 2:30, so we decided to return to Cambridge. It took seven long hours instead of the usual two to make that journey. Nor were we able to get any food and drink on the train. Tired and hungry ‎ we finally reached home at ten, opening the door to the sound of the telephone bell. It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decided to stay for the night. Now she was ringing to discover whether we had had an equally successful day. ‎ ‎31. Why was Joan separated from her sister and her brother-in-law?‎ A. they could not see each other because of the fog. ‎ B. Joan had not seen Crown Jewels. ‎ C. They planned to do different things until lunch time. ‎ D. The writer didn’t want to go to the concert. ‎ ‎32. What did the writer plan to do in the afternoon?‎ A. Go to the concert. B. See the Crown Jewels. ‎ C. Return to Cambridge. D. Go shopping. ‎ ‎33. The reason why they didn’t all meet for lunch was that _______. ‎ A. They lost their way in the fog B. they forgot to make necessary arrangement C. they waited at different places and didn’t meet each other D. the couple couldn’t find the underground station ‎34. It’s quite clear that for Joan the trip to London had been ________. ‎ A. spilt by the fog B. quite tiring C. rather disappointing D. very enjoyable ‎31. C32. A33. B34. D ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了作者一伙人到伦敦游玩的故事。由于安排不当，导致当天的活动很是混乱。‎ ‎31. 根据第一段中Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch一句可知，他们分开的原因在于他们决定各自做自己的事情，然后中午午餐时相聚。故选项C正确。‎ ‎32. 根据第一段Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem一句，可知作者计划去听音乐会。故答案选A。‎ ‎33. 根据第一段中It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized ‎ that we hadn’t decided where we should meet for lunch. 一句可知此前他们并没有做好安排。故导致午饭时没能聚到一起。答案B正确。‎ ‎34. 根据最后一段It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decided to stay for the night的描述可知Joan玩得很尽兴。故答案D正确。‎ ‎ 四川省天府名校2019-2020学年高三9月联合质量测评 Moving flight times from night to day could reduce air travel's contributions to global warming, a new study suggests. Scheduling more (laytime flights may reduce the influence of contrails ——the visible lines of white steam that many planes leave behind them in the sky. ‎ The role of contrails in climate change is still being studied, but some scientists believe they contribute to the greenhouse effect by trapping heat in the atmosphere. ‎ Nicola Stuber, first author of the study, suggests that contrails' overall impact on climate change is almost as big as that of aircraft? s carbon dioxide emissions (排放)over a hundred-year period. Aircraft are believed to be responsible for 2-3% of human carbon dioxide emissions. Like other high, thin clouds, contrails reflect sunlight back into space and cool the planet. However, they also trap energy in the atmosphere and increase the warming effect. ‎ Stuber and other scientists believe that the effect of the contrails is big. " On average, the green-house effect controls the effects of contrails,said Stuber, a meteorologist at England's University of Reading. "The warming effect is far greater for contrails left by night flights," Stuber added. "The cooling effect only happens (luring the day when the sun is up. During the night the greenhouse warming is no longer balanced and that is why the contribution of night-flight is so large. "‎ Most commercial airline traffic occurs during daylight hours. For example, only one in four United Kingdom flights is a night flight, but those flights create some 60% of the warming created by contrails, the study reports. ‎ ‎1. How do contrails increase the greenhouse effect?‎ A. They give off heat. ‎ B. They absorb daylight. ‎ C. They trap heat in the atmosphere. ‎ D. They reflect sunlight back into space. ‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A. carbon dioxide emissions B. contrails C. flights D. thin clouds ‎3. What did Stuber explain about the contrails in Paragraph 4?‎ A. What their function is. B. How they cool the Earth. ‎ C. Why they create big warming at night. D. How big their effect is. ‎ ‎4. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Airlines Should Schedule Flights B. Night Flights Face a New Challenge C. Airplane Contributes Most to Global Warming D. More Day Flights May Reduce Global Warming ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是将飞机飞行时间从晚上改到白天，即安排更多的日间航班可能会减少航空旅行对全球变暖的影响，并阐述了其原因。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段…. they contribute to the greenhouse effect by trapping heat in the atmosphere. （它们通过吸收大气中的热量而加剧温室效应。）可知，飞机凝迹是通过它们在大气中吸收热量来增加温室效应的，故选C。‎ ‎2.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句介绍了飞机凝迹的两大作用：一是将阳光反射回太空、使地球降温，二是将能量困在大气层、加剧温室效应，再根据they所在的句子However, they also trap energy in the atmosphere and increase the warming effect. （然而，它们也会在大气中捕获能量，并增加温室效应。）可知they指代的是“飞机凝迹”，故选B。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】推理判断题。通读第四段内容可知，飞机凝迹受温室效应的控制，降温效果只发生在太阳升起的白天，夜间的温室效应不再平衡，这就是夜间飞行留下的尾迹变暖效应要大得多的原因，Stuber是通过解释为什么它们会在晚上产生很大热量的原因来解释飞机凝迹的，故选C. ‎ ‎4.D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第一段的第一句Moving flight times from night to day could reduce air travel's contributions to global warming（将飞行时间从晚上改为白天可能会减少空中旅行对全球变暖的影响。）本文主要内容是：将飞机飞行时间从晚上改到白天，即安排更多的日间航班可能会减少航空旅行对全球变暖的影响，故D项（更多的日间航班可能会减少全球变暖）能概括本文主题，故选D。‎ ‎ （河南省新乡市第一中学2019-2020学年高三10月月考）Triple Olympic and world sprint（短跑） champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football. ‎ Appearing on ESPN programs and in light-hearted races outside the television sport network's studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals（诽谤）. ‎ ‎"I have to prove myself to the world that you can run fast without it," Bolt said. ‎ Bolt cited the speeds he and countryman Asafa Powell and American Tyson Gay have achieved without positive doping tests. ‎ ‎"We just （have to） continue to run fast," Bolt said. "In a couple of years everyone will continue to watch again and have less doubts. "‎ Bolt won gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay in world record times at last year's Beijing Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9. 58 seconds in the 100 and 19. 19 in the 200 and helped a relay title in a World Championships treble. ‎ ‎"I want to be a legend in the sport. For me it's all a focus on winning championships after championships," Bolt said. ‎ ‎"I don't consider myself a legend. When I defend my titles I will consider myself a legend. "‎ Bolt's defending of World and Olympic gold should be the feature attraction of the 2011 IAAF World Championships in Daegu, South Korea, and the 2012 London Olympics. ‎ ‎1. Why does Usain Bolt say that he has no plans to play American football?‎ A. Because he wants to ease doping doubts in athletics. ‎ B. Because he wants to show his fast feats. ‎ C. Because he is doubted by some people. ‎ D. Because he runs fastest in the world. ‎ ‎2. How many times did Usain Bolt break the world records?‎ A. three times. B. four times. ‎ C. five times. D. eight times. ‎ ‎3. What does the passage mainly tell us?‎ A. Usain Bolt plans years of fast feats to ease doping doubts. ‎ B. Usain Bolt is doubted for his athletics. ‎ C. Usain Bolt set world records again in Berlin last month. ‎ D. Usain Bolt wants to a legend in the sport. ‎ ‎4. The passage can be read ___________. ‎ A. on TV B. on the Internet C. in a book D. in a newspaper. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是新闻报道。本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Triple Olympic and world sprint（短跑） champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football. （本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑，而且他没有踢美式足球的计划）可推知，因为人们对田径运动中兴奋剂的疑虑，他想平息这种疑虑，证明没有兴奋剂也可以，所以选择继续跑步，没有踢美式足球的计划。故选A。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段中的Bolt won gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay in world record times at last year's Beijing Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9. 58 seconds in the 100 and 19. 19 in the 200 and helped a relay title in a World Championships treble. （在去年的北京奥运会上，博尔特获得了100米、200米和4x100接力的金牌，打破了世界纪录，上个月在柏林，他以100米9. 58秒和200米19. 19秒的成绩打破了世界纪录，并帮助他在接力赛上夺取了世界锦标赛的三冠王）可知，博尔特在北京奥运会上打破了3次世界纪录，在柏林打破了2次世界纪录，总共打破过5次世界纪录。故选C。‎ ‎3.B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的Appearing on ESPN programs and in light-hearted races outside the television sport network's studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals（诽谤）. （博尔特出现在ESPN的节目中，并在电视体育网络的演播室外参加轻松愉快的比赛，他说，在过去的兴奋剂丑闻之后，他觉得自己必须向持怀疑态度的体育界证明自己）及后文博尔特所说的话可知，文章主要介绍了尤塞恩·博尔特的田径运动受到了人们的质疑。故选B。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Triple Olympic and world sprint（短跑） champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football. （本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑，而且他没有踢美式足球的计划）可推知，本篇文章极可能来自报纸。故选D。‎ ‎（四省名校2019-2020学年高三第一次大联考）If you wear glasses, chances are you are smarter. Research published in the famous British journal Nature Communications has found that people who displayed higher levels of intelligence were almost 30 percent more likely to wear glasses.‎ The scientists studied the genes of thousands of people between the ages of 16 and 102.The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses. Scientists also said being smarter has other benefits. It is connected to better health.‎ It is important to remember these are connections which are not proven causes. Scientists call this correlation. Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other. And it’s worth noting that what constitutes intelligence is subjective and can be difficult, if not impossible, to measure.‎ Forget genes though. Plenty of proof shows wearing glasses makes people think you are more intelligent, even if you do not need glasses. A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance. He said Sometimes there has been a huge amount of proof showing that people he was defending broke the law. He had them wear glasses and they weren’t found guilty.‎ Glasses are also used to show someone is intelligent in movies and on TV. Ideas about people who wear glasses have begun to shift. People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though. GQ magazine said people who wear glasses for fashion are trying too hard to look smart and hip (时髦的). However, that hasn’t stopped many celebrities from happily wearing glasses even if they do not need them. Justin Bieber is just one high-profile fan of fashion glasses.‎ ‎1. What does the new study show?‎ A. People wearing glasses are smarter.‎ B. People wearing glasses are healthier.‎ C. Wearing glasses can make people cleverer.‎ D. Wearing glasses is associated with higher IQ.‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A. Shift. B. Link. C. Proof. D. Consequence.‎ ‎3. Why do some lawyers ask their clients to wear glasses in court?‎ A. Because it can create a moral image.‎ B. Because it can mislead the witnesses.‎ C. Because it can highlight clients’ qualities.‎ D. Because it can prove the clients’ innocence.‎ ‎4. What is the general attitude to those who wear glasses for fashion?‎ A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Mixed D. Indifferent.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现戴眼镜和高智商有关，文章还指出有些人只是为了追求时尚而戴眼镜。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses.”可知，研究表明，智力与身体特征有关，其中一个特征就是视力，在10个更聪明的人中，他们需要眼镜的几率更高，也就是说戴眼镜与高智商有关，故D项正确。‎ ‎2.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other.”可知，仅仅因为某物与其他事物相联系并不意味着其中一个事物导致了另一个事物，这是对画线词的解释说明，因此此处是说重要的是要记住这些都是没有被证实的原因的联系，科学家称之为相关性，由此可知画线词词义为“相关联、联系”，故B项正确。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their ‎ appearance.”可知，许多研究发现，戴眼镜的人被视为更聪明、更勤奋、更诚实，眼镜使他们看起来更温和，许多律师利用这个想法来帮助他们赢得官司，由此可知，一些律师让他们的当事人在法庭上戴眼镜是因为戴上眼镜有助于塑造一个道德的形象，故A项正确。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though.”可知，不需要眼镜的人有时戴眼镜只是为了时尚，他们想显得酷一些，但并不是每个人都对这个想法印象深刻，由此可知，对于那些追求时尚而戴眼镜的人来说，人们的态度是既有人支持也有人反对，故C项正确。‎ ‎ （河北省承德第一中学2019-2020学年高三10月月考）Thirteen vehicles lined up last March to race across the Mojave Desert, seeking a million in prize money. To win, they had to finish the 142-mile race in less than 10 hours. Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key part－drivers.‎ DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields. But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance. One had its brake lock up in the starting area. Another began by throwing itself onto a wall. Another got tied up by bushes near the road after 1.9 miles.‎ One turned upside down. One took off in entirely the wrong direction and had to be disabled by remote control. One went a little more than a mile and rushed into a fence; another managed to go for six miles but stuck on a rock. The “winner,” if there was any, reached 7.8 miles before it ran into a long, narrow hole, and the front wheels caught on fire.‎ ‎“You get a lot of respect for natural abilities of the living things,” says Reinhold Behringer, who helped design two of the car-size vehicles for a company called Sci-Autonics. “Even ants (蚂蚁) can do all these tasks effortlessly. It’s very hard for us to put these abilities into our machines.”‎ The robotic vehicles, though with necessary modern equipment such as advanced computers and GPS guidance, had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two-year-old human recognizes immediately. Sure, that very young child, who has just only learned to walk, may not think to wipe apple juice off her face, but she already knows that when there’s a cookie in the kitchen she has to climb up the table, and that when she gets to the cookie it will taste good.‎ ‎ She is more advanced, even months old, than any machine humans have designed.‎ ‎1. Watchers doubted if any of the vehicles could finish the race because_____.‎ A. they did not have any human guidance B. the road was not familiar to the drivers C. the distance was too long for the vehicles D. the prize money was unattractive to the drivers ‎2. DARPA organized the race in order to_____.‎ A. raise money for producing more robotic vehicles B. push the development of vehicle industry C. train more people to drive in the desert D. improve the vehicles for future wars ‎3. From the passage we know “robotic vehicles” are a kind of machines that _____.‎ A. can do effortlessly whatever tasks living thing can B. can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limit C. can show off their ability to turn themselves upside down D. can move from place to place without being driven by human beings ‎4. In the last paragraph, the writer implies that there is a long way to go______.‎ A. for a robotic vehicle to finish a 142-mile race without any difficulties B. for a little child who has just learned to walk to reach the cookie on the table C. for a robotic vehicle to deal with a simple problem that a little child can solve D. for a little child to understand the importance of wiping apple juice off its face ‎【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍DARPA组织一次汽车越野比赛，目的是想改进未来战场上的机器人汽车，介绍这些机器汽车的优点和缺点。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key part－drivers.“车队和观众都知道可能根本没有赢家，因为这些车缺少了一个关键的部分司机。”可知，这些汽车都没有驾驶员。故选A。‎ ‎2.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future ‎ battlefields.“美国国防部高级研究计划局(DARPA)组织了这次比赛，作为推动未来战场机器人车辆发展的一部分。”可以推测，DARPA组织这次比赛是军事目的是想改进未来战争用车，故选D。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance.”“ 但这项被称为“大挑战”的项目恰恰证明了，在没有人类引导的情况下，让一辆汽车快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困难。”可以推断出“robotic vehicles”是一种不要人操作的汽车，故选D。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】推理判断题。a long way to go远远不能。根据最后一段“she is more advanced...than any machine...”可知机器远不如人的智力。其他没有提到。故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎