2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修五Unit2Theenvironment单元学案设计（50页）

2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修五Unit2Theenvironment单元学案设计（50页）

‎2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修五Unit2The environment单元学案设计 ‎ 自然与环境之(三)——环境保护 ‎ [一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．debate n．& vi. 辩论；争论，讨论　　2.recycle vt.& vi.回收利用 ‎3．greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的 4.credit n．赞扬；信用 ‎5．arrest vt.& n．逮捕 6.clap vi.& vt.鼓掌，拍手 ‎7．conflict vi.冲突，抵触 n．冲突，矛盾 8.flood n．洪水 vt.& vi.淹没 ‎9．range n．范围 vi.& vt.变化；排列 10.decade n．十年 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．duty n．责任，义务，本分 2.responsibility n．责任，职责 ‎3．quantity n．数量 4.willing adj.愿意的，乐意的 ‎5．decrease vt.& vi.& n．减少 6.measure n．措施vt.测量 ‎7．particular adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.production n．产量；生产→produce vt.& vi.生产，制造→product ‎ n．产品；产物 ‎　2.belief n．看法；信念→believe vt.相信 ‎*3.environmental adj.环境的→environment n．环境 ‎　4.operate vt.& vi.经营；动手术→operation n．操作；经营；手术→operator n．操作员；话务员 ‎　5.arrival n．到来，抵达；到达者→arrive vi.到达 ‎*6.impress vt.使印象深刻→impression n．印象→impressive adj.给人印象深刻的 ‎　7.illegal adj.非法的→legal adj.合法的→illegally adv.非法地 ‎　8.appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感激；领会→appreciation n．欣赏；鉴别；感激 ‎　9.electrical adj.电的，用电的→electric adj.电的；用电的；能发电的→electricity n．电；电学；电流 ‎*10.consume vt.消耗，耗费；消费→consumer n．消费者，用户，顾客→consumption n．消费 ‎*11.absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注→absorbed adj.全神贯注的；一心一意的；被吸收的→absorption n．专注；吸收 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．This month, they have increased production and produced twice as many products as they did last month.‎ ‎2．My parents often impressed the importance of honesty on me when I was young, which leaves a deep impression on me.‎ ‎3．Good natural environment is vital to us. We shouldn't sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.‎ ‎4．Experts advise consumers not to buy more groceries until they've already been consumed. This is called rational consumption.‎ ‎5．Absorbed in his writing, the writer always forgets to eat and drink. His absorption in work is admirable.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．environment /ɪn'vaɪrənmənt/ n．环境 ‎2．surroundings /sə'raʊndɪŋz/ n．环境 ‎3．atmosphere /'ætməsfɪə(r)/ n. 大气 ‎4．pollute /pəluːt/ vt. 污染 ‎5．waste /weɪst/ n. 废料；垃圾 ‎6．noisy /'nɔɪzi/ adj.嘈杂的；喧闹的 ‎7．smelly /'smeli/ adj. 有臭味的 ‎8．radiation /reɪdi'eɪʃn/ n. 放射，放射物 ‎9．emission /i'mɪʃn/ n. 排放 ‎10．rubbish /'rʌbɪʃ/ n. 垃圾；废物 ‎11．forbid /'fəbɪd/ vt. 禁止 ‎12．permit /'pəmɪt/ vt.& n. 许可，允许 ‎13．proper /'prɒpə(r)/ adj.恰当的，适当的 ‎14．punish /'pʌnɪʃ/ vt. 惩罚 ‎15．reduce /'rɪdjuːs/ vt. 减少 ‎16．prevent /'prɪvent/ vt.阻止，防止，预防 ‎17．advocate /'ædvəkeɪt/ vt.拥护，支持，提倡 ‎18．substitute /'sʌbstɪtjuːt/ vt. 取代 ‎19．environmentalfriendly adj. 环保的 ‎20．crammed /kræmd/ adj. 拥挤的 ‎21．serious /'sɪəriəs/ adj. 严重的 ‎22．harmful /'hɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 ‎23．substance /'sʌbstəns/ n. 物质 ‎24．survive /sə'vaɪv/ vt.& vi. 幸免于，幸存 ‎25．survival /sə'vaɪv(ə)l/ n. 存活，幸存 ‎26．habitat /'hæbɪtæt/ n. 栖息地 ‎27．endangered /ɪn'deɪndʒəd/ adj. 濒危的 ‎28．extinct /ɪk'stɪŋkt/ adj. 灭绝的 ‎29．decline /dɪ'klaɪn/ vi. 降低；下降 ‎30．protect /prə'tekt/ vt. 保护 ‎31．increase /ɪn'kriːs/ vi. 增加 ‎32．decrease /dɪ'kriːs/ vi. 减少 ‎33．creature /'kriːtʃə(r)/ n. 生物，动物 ‎34．wildlife /'waɪldlaɪf/ n. 野生动物 ‎35．species /'spiːʃiːz/ n. 物种 ‎36．ecology /ɪ'kɔlədʒɪ/ n. 生态，生态学 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎ [课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.open_the_floor 自由发言　　　2.result_in导致 ‎*3.cut_back_on减少，削减，缩减 　4.use_up用尽 ‎*5.run_out_(of)用完，耗尽 　6.cause/do_damage_to 对……造成危害 ‎　7.clean_up 打扫(或清除)干净 　8.queue_up排队等候 ‎*9.pick_out 找出，挑选 *10.under_way进行中 ‎　11.in/with_regard_to 关于，至于 　12.let_off排放 ‎　13.in_use在使用中 *14.in_particular尤其，特别 ‎　15.do_one's_part尽自己的职责 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．The food prices are going up, so we will cut_back_on the use of some expensive vegetables.‎ ‎2．Can you pick_out your friend from that group of people, who are chatting happily over there?‎ ‎3．We must act quickly because time is running_out. The manager said we must finish the project on time. ‎ ‎4．As for the kinds of stories, I am interested in most of them in general, and detective stories in_particular.‎ ‎5．The design of the new car is well under_way and you can expect to have it within a month.‎ ‎6．This concludes our presentation.Now let's open_the_floor for questions.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．carbon dioxide　　　　　二氧化碳 ‎2．greenhouse effect 温室效应 ‎3．nuclear energy/power 核能 ‎4．let off waste gas 排放废气 ‎5．be/live in harmony with 与……和谐共处 ‎6．prevent/protect ...from 阻止/保护……‎ ‎7．have a(n) ...effect on ... 　对……有……影响 ‎8．make proper use of 合理利用 ‎9．keep the balance of ... 保持……的平衡 ‎10．attach great importance to 十分重视 ‎11．be/become aware of 意识到 ‎12．on account of 因为，由于 ‎13．use up/run out of 用光，耗尽 ‎14．raise the awareness of 唤醒……的意识 ‎15．live a lowcarbon life 过低碳生活 ‎16．call on/appeal to sb.to do sth.号召/呼吁某人做某事 ‎17．there is no denying/doubt that ...毫无疑问，毋庸置疑 ‎18．do harm to .../be harmful to ...对……有害 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．倍数表达法：倍数＋what从句 ‎[例句]　The world's population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.‎ ‎[仿写]　现在全运会的运动员人数是十年前的两倍多。(2017·天津高考写作佳句)‎ Nowadays the number of the athletes in the National Games is twice_what_it_was ten years ago. ‎ ‎2．like it＋when从句 ‎[例句]　I liked it when you told that joke. ‎ ‎[仿写]　如果你事先让我知道你的决定，我将不胜感激。(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)‎ I would appreciate_it_if you let me know your decision in advance.‎ ‎3．the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...‎ ‎[例句]　Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.‎ ‎[仿写]　你睡觉前摄入的脂肪越多，晚上就对你的身体造成越大的负担。‎ The_more_fat you take in before bedtime, the_greater_burden you will put on your body at night.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．Many people worry that our energy will run out quickly if we use it in an unchecked way.‎ 许多人担心，如果不控制能源的使用的话，我们的能源将会很快被耗尽。‎ ‎2．Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being poured into the rivers; as a consequence, water sources have become badly polluted.‎ 大量的垃圾和废水正涌入河流，结果，水源被严重污染。‎ ‎3．It is well known that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe due to global warming.‎ 众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺(问题)正变得日益严重。‎ ‎4．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global warming.‎ 毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。‎ ‎5．Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.‎ 由于意识到了雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性，全国人民正采取措施减少雾霾天气。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ With the improvement of our living standard, more and more people can afford a car. As a result, our roads are often crammed with cars. With more and more waste gas being let off by the cars, the problem of air pollution becomes even more serious. So nowadays we advocate to lead a lowcarbon life. ‎ 随着我们的生活水平的提高，越来越多的人都买得起汽车。因此，路上往往塞满了汽车。随着汽车排放的废气越来越多，空气污染问题变得更加严重。所以现在我们提倡过低碳生活。‎ ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．quantity n．数量 ‎　[教材原句]　Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment.‎ 林女士建议我们应当缩减生产量来拯救环境。‎ 许多/大量…… in quantity/in large quantities　　大量地 ‎①A large quantity of airconditioners has_been_sold (sell) since the temperature is high.‎ 因为气温很高，有大量空调售出。‎ ‎②With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed (wash) away.‎ 由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤正被冲走。‎ ‎③It's cheaper to buy goods in_quantity/in_large_quantities. ‎ 大批量购货较便宜。‎ ‎[联想发散]　 表示“许多/大量……”的短语还有：‎ a number of只接可数名词复数；a great deal of, a great amount of, large amounts of只接不可数名词。‎ ‎④A great number of college graduates are (be) seeking to get a highpaid job.‎ 很多大学毕业生都想找一份高薪工作。‎ ‎2．impress vt.使印象深刻；盖印；使铭记，使牢记 ‎　[教材原句]　 As a result, you impressed the audience. ‎ 因此，你给听众留下了深刻印象。‎ ‎(1)impress sb. with sth.＝impress sth. on/upon sb.　　　使某人牢记某事 be impressed with/by/at ... 对……印象深刻 ‎(2)impression n. 印象 leave/make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象 ‎(3)impressive adj.　　　　　令人赞叹的；令人难忘的 ‎①My father impressed the value of hard work on/upon me.‎ ‎＝My father impressed_me_with_the_value_of_hard_work.‎ 我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。‎ ‎②He was_impressed_with Benjamin's drawings. (2017·6月浙江高考阅读)‎ 本杰明的画给他留下了深刻的印象。‎ ‎③The beautiful scenery of Guilin never fails to leave_a_deep_impression_on its visitors.‎ 桂林的美景总是让游客印象深刻。‎ ‎3．measure n．[C]措施，方法；尺度vt.测量；估量，判定linking verb(指尺寸、长、宽、高等)量度为 ‎[教材原句]　 The centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification.‎ 该中心拥有300多位科学家，他们致力于寻找阻止沙漠化的措施。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中measure的含义 ‎①We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to solve them. 措施 ‎②This line measures four times as long as that one. 量起来是 ‎③It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure. 尺度 ‎④Did you measure the distance between the two development zones？测量 ‎(1)measure ... by ...　　　　　 用……来衡量……‎ be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算 ‎(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事 make sth. to sb.'s measure 照某人的尺寸做某物 ‎⑤The performance of enterprises was_measured_by profits.‎ 企业的业绩是以利润来衡量的。‎ ‎⑥We should take_appropriate_measures to improve our teaching.‎ 我们应当采取适当的措施来提高教学质量。‎ ‎[名师点津]　measure意为“有……长(宽、高、重)”时，为连系动词，常用主动形式。‎ ‎⑦Our classroom measures (measure) 6 metres by 10 metres.‎ 我们教室长10米宽6米。‎ ‎4．range n．(变动)范围，幅度；一系列；分类；射程；山脉vt.& vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序 ‎　[教材原句]　Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river. ‎ 对于生活在江中或其沿岸的大量鱼类和野生动植物来说，这也不是好消息。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中range的含义 ‎①Collecting stamps with themes is especially popular among teenagers because there is a wide range of choices for them.范围 ‎②The two countries are separated by a range of mountains.山脉 ‎③The temperature ranges between 28 and 35 degrees centigrade in July in this city.(在一定范围内)变化 ‎④These missiles have a range of 300 miles.射程 ‎(1)a wide range of　一系列……‎ within/in range of 在……范围内 beyond one's range 某人能力达不到的 ‎(2)range from ... to ... 在……范围内变动 range between ...and ... 在……和……之间变动 ‎⑤The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging_from butterflies to elephants.‎ 国家公园有许多的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象等等。‎ ‎⑥A_range_of buildings have sprung up along the river.‎ 沿河建起了一排建筑物。‎ ‎⑦When driving on expressways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in_range_of 60 km/h and 120 km/h.‎ 当在高速路上驾驶时，司机必须把他或她的速度限制在每小时60公里到每小时120公里之间。‎ ‎5．appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感激；领会，理解 ‎　[教材原句]　The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this muchloved river will be appreciated for years to come.‎ 中国政府和人民保护这条深受喜爱的河流的努力在未来年月里会被赞赏。‎ ‎(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.ing 重视/感激……‎ I would appreciate it if ... 假如……，我将不胜感激 ‎(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 ‎①I'd appreciate your writing (write) me back as soon as possible.‎ 你尽早回信我将感激不尽。‎ ‎②I'd_appreciate_it_if you could do me a favour.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)‎ 如果你能帮助我我将感激不尽。‎ ‎③Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.‎ 如果你能帮我找到丢失的箱子，我会真诚地表达我的感激之情。‎ ‎[名师点津]　当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。‎ ‎6．particular adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的 ‎　[教材原句]　 In particular, metal products and paper products require a lot of energy to produce, so you should find ways to use these ‎ again without throwing them away. ‎ 生产金属产品和纸制产品尤其需要大量能源，因此你应该找到方法重新利用它们而不是将它们扔掉。‎ be particular about　　　　　　对……讲究/挑剔 particularly＝in particular adv. 尤其；特别；格外 ‎①She has already tried her best. Please don't be too particular about her job. ‎ 她已经尽了最大的努力。请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。‎ ‎②He studies in particular the fishes of the Indian Ocean.‎ 他专门研究印度洋的鱼类。‎ ‎③We are particularly (particular) grateful to him for his timely help. ‎ 我们特别感谢他的及时帮助。‎ ‎7．absorb vt.吸收(气体、液体、热、光等)；理解；使全神贯注 ‎　[教材原句]　 Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.‎ 最后但同样重要的是，你可以种植一棵树，因为树木可吸收空气中的二氧化碳，制造氧气。‎ ‎(1)absorb one's attention　　　吸引某人的注意 absorb ... into ... 把……吸收进……‎ ‎(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 ‎(be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……‎ ‎①A good book can absorb_our_attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings.‎ 一本好书能如此彻底地吸引我们的注意力，以至于我们暂时忘掉了我们周围的环境。‎ ‎②Many intellectuals have been_absorbed_into the Party.‎ 许多知识分子被吸收入党了。‎ ‎③Absorbed (absorb) in the book, the girl didn't notice her mother come in.‎ 那个女孩儿专心看书，没有注意到她的妈妈进来。‎ ‎[联想发散]　be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...。类似的结构还有：‎ ‎①be lost in ...　　　　　　陷入……；专心致志于……‎ ‎②be caught in ... 被困在……‎ ‎③be buried in ... 埋头于……‎ ‎④be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……‎ ‎⑤be occupied in ... 忙于……‎ ‎⑥be involved in ... 专注于……‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．responsibility n．责任；职责 ‎　单句语法填空 ‎①We need to take the responsibility for looking after our own health.‎ ‎②The bus driver is responsible (responsibility) for the passengers' safety.‎ ‎2．belief n．看法；信念 ‎　补全句子 ‎①与大家的看法相反，他对这出悲剧没有责任。‎ Contrary to popular_belief,_he was not responsible for the tragedy.‎ ‎②他到我这里来是相信我能帮助他。‎ He came to me in_the_belief_that I could help him.‎ ‎③他们的居住条件令人难以置信。‎ The conditions they are living in are beyond_belief.‎ ‎3．operate vt.经营，管理；操作vi.动手术；运转 ‎　写出句中operate的含义 ‎①People were trapped between floors because the lift didn't operate properly.运转 ‎②No matter which machine he operates, he will deal with it carefully.操作 ‎③If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldn't have died.动手术 ‎④They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.经营 ‎4．conflict vi.冲突，抵触 ‎　介、副词填空 ‎①If so, your points of view are bound to conflict with his.‎ ‎②She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.‎ ‎③They came into conflict with each other over the housework.‎ ‎5．decrease vt.& vi.& n．减少 ‎　单句语法填空 ‎①The number of new students decreased from 1,500 to 1,200 this year.‎ ‎②The number of people going to Internet cafes has decreased by 7%.‎ ‎③The truth is that the number of students in each class is on the decrease.‎ ‎④The high temperature tomorrow will decrease to 28 degrees Celsius.‎ ‎ [名师点津]　decrease to“减少到”；decrease by“减少了”。 ‎ ‎6．flood n．洪水，水灾；大批，大量vt.(被)淹没 vi.泛滥；大量涌入；涌上心头 写出句中flood的词性和含义 ‎①The villagers were frightened to see that the river would burst its bank and flood their home. vt.(被)淹没 ‎②Hadn't the reservoir been built, there would have been a terrible flood. n．洪水，水灾 ‎③If a river floods, it is too full and spreads water over the land around it. vi.泛滥 ‎④They could suddenly afford to buy household goods thanks to a flood of imports from another country. n．大批，大量 ‎⑤I felt happiness and relief flooding over me after my daughter came home from the front. vi.涌上心头 ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The government has taken measures (measure) to restrain inflation.‎ ‎2．We should be responsible (responsibility) for the work and keep teamwork spirit in mind.‎ ‎3．The number of cyclists running traffic lights is on_the decrease.‎ ‎4．Large quantities of clothes and food have_been_provided (provide) for the people in the disaster area that suffered floods recently.‎ ‎5．I really appreciate it if you could give me such an opportunity to ‎ show my talent.‎ ‎6．It is especially important to make a good first impression (impress) at a job interview.‎ ‎7．It is known that the British are rather particular about table manners.‎ ‎8．It's beyond belief that_a 14yearold girl could break the provincial high jump record.‎ ‎9．She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.‎ ‎10．Absorbed (absorb) in his work, he simply forgot to have supper and sleep.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Steve was in a particular bad mood when he got back.particular→particularly ‎2．My father caught a big fish, measured one meter long.measured→measuring ‎ ‎3．The novel was so absorbed that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep. absorbed→absorbing ‎4．I hold the firm belief only when everybody makes an effort can our society be warmer and more harmonious.belief后加that ‎5．Our boss often impressed the importance of creativity with us. with→on/upon ‎6．I'd appreciate you to write me back as soon as possible. to_write→writing ‎7．The patient was in great danger, so the doctors decided to operate to him immediately for his heart disease.第二个to→on Ⅲ.单句写作(句型转换/补全句子)‎ ‎1．Police believe that the same man takes the responsibility for three other murders in the area.‎ ‎→Police believe that the same man is responsible for three other murders in the area.‎ ‎2．The lecture that Mr. Chen made this morning left/made a deep impression on the students.‎ ‎→The students were deeply impressed by/with/at the lecture that Mr. Chen made this morning.‎ ‎3．如果您能给我一些关于如何解决这些问题的建议我将不胜感激。‎ I_would_appreciate_it_if you can give me some advice on how to solve these problems.‎ ‎4．北极夏季海冰正在以每十年超过7%的速度减少。‎ Arctic summertime sea ice is decreasing_by over 7% a decade.‎ ‎5．过去，妈妈在春节来临时总是为我量身做新衣服。‎ In the old days, my mother always made_new_clothes_to_my_own_measure with the Spring Festival coming.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．cut back on 减少，削减，缩减 ‎　[教材原句]　It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.‎ 尽量削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量是我们的责任。‎ cut across/through　抄近路穿过 cut in 插嘴，打断(谈话)‎ cut off 切断(供应)，中断(电话通话等)；断绝 cut down 砍倒，削减，裁小 cut up 切碎 ‎①It is impolite of children to cut_in when their seniors are talking.‎ 长辈谈话时，小孩子插嘴是不礼貌的。‎ ‎②The water supply has been cut_off temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes.‎ 供水已被暂时切断，因为工人正在维修一个主管道。‎ ‎③To cut_down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway.‎ 为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘公交车或地铁。‎ ‎2．run out (of) 用完，耗尽 ‎　[教材原句]　What if they run out?‎ 要是它们用完了怎么办？‎ run into　　　意外碰到；撞上；遇到(问题、困难等)；达到 run across 偶然遇到；穿过 run after 追求；追赶；追逐 run away 逃离；突然离开 ‎①She has run_out_of her money and mine is also running_out.‎ 她已用光了她的钱，我的钱也快用光了。‎ ‎②Through the years, I'd run_into former students who would provide updates on old classmates. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ完形)‎ 这些年，我偶然遇到过以前的学生，他们常常会提供一些他们老同学的最新情况。‎ ‎③I ran_across some old love letters while I was clearing out a cupboard.‎ 我在清理柜子时偶然发现了一些旧情书。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)run out＝give out“用完，耗尽”，不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物(时间、食物、金钱等)。‎ ‎(2) run out of＝use up“用光，用完”，及物动词短语，其主语一般为人。‎ ‎3．pick out 找出，挑选；辨认出，区分；领会，弄明白 ‎　[教材原句]　There are also things that can be done at a national or international level, such as sharing information between countries and using satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.‎ 从国家或国际层面上看，也有很多可为之事，如国家间共享信息和利用卫星找出可能会受到沙漠化影响的地区。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中pick out的含义 ‎①She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.挑选 ‎②There were so many people at the conference that I couldn't pick him out.辨认出 ‎③Having read the passage many times, I finally picked out its main idea.领会 pick up　　捡起； (偶然)学会；用车接；收听到；(身体)好转 pick over 挑选(把好的挑出来)‎ pick and choose 挑拣，挑三拣四 ‎④It's surprising that your brother picked_up Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.‎ 令人惊奇的是，你弟弟如此快就学会说俄语了——他在那儿生活的时间并不长。‎ ‎4．I liked_it_when you told that joke.‎ 我喜欢听你讲那个笑话。‎ ‎(1)it在句中作形式宾语，when引导的从句为宾语从句。‎ ‎①Mom doesn't_like/dislike/hate_it_when we make a lot of noise.‎ 妈妈不喜欢我们吵闹。‎ ‎(2)除了like外，enjoy, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate, depend on, see to等动词或动词短语后接if从句或when从句时，通常也应先接it作形式宾语再接从句。‎ ‎②I hate_it_if you say such things in public.‎ 我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。‎ ‎③I'd prefer_it_if you allow me to go with you.‎ 我更想你让我和你一起去。‎ ‎④I'd really appreciate_it_if you could drive Kathy to school today.‎ 假如你今天能开车送凯西去学校，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎5．Therefore, the_more petrol and electricity we consume, the_more carbon we are letting off.‎ 因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。‎ ‎　句中运用了“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”句型。‎ ‎(1)意为“越……，就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。‎ ‎(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句。‎ ‎(3)此结构可以用省略形式。‎ ‎①The more difficult the questions are, the_less_likely he is to answer them.‎ 问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。‎ ‎②The_more_you_practise,_the better you will speak English.‎ 你的英语练得越多，就会说得越好。‎ ‎③The more, the_better.‎ 多多益善。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 with regard to， let off， pick out， in particular， cut back on， result in， set up， run out (of) ‎1．We have run_out_of most of the cloth, and all we have left is a few bits and pieces.‎ ‎2．The company had to cut_back_on expenditure in order to repay its debt.‎ ‎3．The boom in building has resulted_in the local land being more valuable now for houses.‎ ‎4．The government has set_up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.‎ ‎5._With_regard_to his suggestions we shall discuss them fully at the meeting to be held on Sunday.‎ ‎6．Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether we can let_off firework on Spring Festival or not.‎ ‎7．So many people have helped me with this book that it is hard to pick_out the few for special mention.‎ ‎8．One book in_particular took his attention: he read several pages with great interest.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．妈妈越忙碌，她就越感到幸福。‎ The_busier my mother was, the happier she felt.‎ ‎2．我宁愿星期天不用早起。‎ I'd prefer_it_if I didn't have to get up early on Sundays.‎ ‎3．那小舍坐落在山边，隐约可见。‎ It was just possible to pick_out the hut on the side of the mountain.‎ ‎4．如果我再次驾驶考试失败了怎么办？‎ What_if I fail in the driving test again?‎ ‎5．如果你有了一份工作，务必要全力以赴地去干。‎ If you have a job, do_devote_yourself_to it.‎ Ⅲ.句式升级 ‎1．The more learned a man is, the more modest he will usually be.‎ ‎①If_a_man_is_more_learned,_he_will_usually_be_more_modest.(改为条件句)‎ ‎②The_more_learned,_the_more_modest. (改为省略句)‎ ‎2．She will come here again, no doubt.(改为同位语从句)‎ ‎→There_is_no_doubt_that_she_will_come_here_again.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 environment， take measures， responsibility， do one's part， let off， carbon dioxide， recycle， cut down ‎ ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①我们可以采取一些措施来保护我们的环境。‎ We can take_some_measures_to_protect_our_environment.‎ ‎②有责任感是非常重要的。‎ It's very essential for us to have a_sense_of_responsibility.‎ ‎③只有意识到了保护环境的重要性，我们才会尽职尽责。‎ We are willing to do_our_parts_for_it only when we realize the ‎ importance of protecting the environment.‎ ‎④我们应该尝试改变我们的生活方式， 尽量不排放二氧化碳。对于那些没用的东西，应该将其回收利用，而不是把它们扔掉。‎ We should change our living styles, trying_not_to_let_off_carbon_dioxide. Instead of throwing away those useless things, we should recycle them.‎ ‎⑤我们应该尽力减轻对环境的伤害，以使我们生活得更美好。‎ We should try_our_best_to_cut_down_the_harm_to_the_environment in order to live a better life.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 用部分倒装改写句③‎ Only_when_we_realize_the_importance_of_protecting_the_environment_are_we_willing_to_do_our_parts_for_it.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：firstly, secondly, above all)‎ We can take some measures to protect our environment. Firstly, it's very essential for us to have a sense of responsibility. Only when we realize the importance of protecting the environment are we willing to do our parts for it. Secondly, we should change our living styles, trying not to let off carbon dioxide. Instead of throwing away those useless things, we should recycle them. Above all, we should try our best to cut down the harm to the environment in order to live a better life.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——多重复合句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 What I'm here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.‎ 本句是一个多重复合句。what引导主语从句，第一个that引导表语从句，第二个that引导宾语从句，having worked ...为现在分词短语作状语。‎ 因那次拍电影的经历以及四年后出演The Sting的经历而建立起来的友谊源于一个事实：尽管我们存在年龄差距，但我们都遵循着剧院和直播电视平台的传统。‎ 真题长难句 The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 本句为多重复合句，主句为The friendship had its root in the fact。其中，grew out of ... later为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the friendship; although there was ... live TV为that引导的the fact的同位语从句，从句中又含有although引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎ “环境保护”‎ 与学生的生活紧密相关，高考中常以完形填空、阅读理解和书面表达的形式进行考查。高考通过对此话题进行设题考查，旨在让考生多关注自己身边的人和事物，让他们意识到自己是社会的一分子，更是自然界的一部分，从而让他们树立环保意识，学会与大自然和谐相处。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·江苏高考阅读D)‎ Old Problem, New Approaches ‎[1]While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions (排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.‎ ‎[2]When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no ‘onesize_fits_all’_adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.‎ ‎[3]Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His notforprofit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.‎ ‎[4]Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken.‎ ‎ Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel's inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation (灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel's ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.‎ ‎[5]Increasing Earth's reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.‎ ‎[6]In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the lifegiving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”．‎ ‎[7]More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five ‎ generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this — either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.‎ ‎[8]Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.‎ ‎65．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies ________.‎ A．adaptation is an everchanging process B．the cost of adaptation varies with time C．global warming affects adaptation forms D．adaptation to climate change is challenging ‎66．What is special with regard to Rezwan's project?‎ A．The project receives government support.‎ B．Different organizations work with each other.‎ C．His organization makes the best of a bad situation.‎ D．The project connects flooded roads and highways.‎ ‎67．What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?‎ A．Storing ice for future use.‎ B．Protecting the glaciers from melting.‎ C．Changing the irrigation time.‎ D．Postponing the melting of the glaciers.‎ ‎68．What do we learn from the Peru example?‎ A．White paint is usually safe for buildings.‎ B．The global warming trend cannot be stopped.‎ C．This country is heating up too quickly.‎ D．Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.‎ ‎69．According to the author, polluting industries should ________.　‎ A．adapt to carbon pollution B．plant highly profitable crops C．leave carbon emission alone D．fight against carbon pollution ‎70．What's the author's preferred solution to global warming?‎ A．Setting up a new standard.‎ B．Reducing carbon emission.‎ C．Adapting to climate change.‎ D．Monitoring polluting industries.‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1段 第1段画波浪线部分 全球变暖仍将持续几十年，我们仍要面对适应气候变化的挑战 提出问题 第2～7段 第2～7段画波浪线部分 面对这个问题，世界各地的人们想出了不同的创造性的方法 具体分析 第8 段 第8段画波浪线部分 减少碳排放是重中之重 总结概括 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[尝试翻译]　在秘鲁，山脉的冰川深受气候的影响，附近的人们把整个山峰涂成白色来增强对阳光的反射，希望能帮助储存带来生机的冰块。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎65．句意理解题。选A　根据上文中的“We are therefore ... but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.”可知，对于不断变化的环境，没有一个通用的方法来解决所有这样的问题。故画线部分表示的是适应环境也是一个不断变化的过程。故A项正确。‎ ‎66．细节理解题。选C　根据第三段第一句可知，世界范围内尤其是一些贫穷地区的人们使用了令人意想不到的方法去适应环境的改变，化劣势为优势，再结合下文的内容可知，Rezwan的组织充分利用坏形势，故答案为C。‎ ‎67．推理判断题。选A　由第四段中的“... He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring ...”‎ 可知，他把废水引入浅的洼地，水在那里结冰并被储存到春天用来灌溉田地，故A项正确。‎ ‎68．细节理解题。选D　根据第六段的内容可知，在秘鲁当地的农民会把整个山峰涂成白色来增强对阳光的反射，希望借此来保护冰不被融化，再结合第五段的内容可知，反射太阳光可能会减轻全球变暖，故D项正确。‎ ‎69．推理判断题。选D　根据第七段中的“When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt”可知，污染企业争辩说因为人们没有赢得控制碳污染的战争，只能适应，再结合下文的“it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual”可知，作者认为污染企业的这种说法是荒谬的，其目的是给自己的商业行为制造借口。由此可推知，对于污染企业来说，负责任的做法是同碳污染作斗争，以减少碳排放，故D项正确。‎ ‎70．细节理解题。选B　根据最后一段第二句“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.”可知，作者认为最明智的应对全球变暖的方法是减少碳排放，故B项正确。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技法 10]　转换语意巧解综合细节理解题 综合细节理解题一般需要将题目与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要综合利用多处信息并对相关信息整合后进一步甄别才能得出答案。‎ 例如第68题，根据第六段的内容可知，在秘鲁当地的农民会把整个山峰涂成白色来增强对阳光的反射，希望借此来保护冰不被融化，再结合第五段的内容可知，反射太阳光可能会减轻全球变暖。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．adaptation n．　　适应 ‎2．shift v. 改变，转换 ‎3．overtake vt. 追上，赶上；压倒；(不愉快的事)突然降临 ‎4．emit v. 发出；排放 ‎5．common sense 常识 ‎6．have no choice but to do 除了……别无选择 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学生摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信，请他提供作品。信的内容包括：‎ ‎1．主题：环境保护；‎ ‎2．展览时间；‎ ‎3．投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow @gmschool. com。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1．词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．主题　　　　　　　　　　theme ‎2．环境保护 environmental_protection ‎3．欢迎做某事 be_welcome_to_do_sth.‎ ‎4．参加，加入 participate ‎5．拍一些高质量的照片 take_good_pictures ‎6．为……做点事 do_something_for_...‎ ‎7．让我看一些照片 show_me_some_photos ‎8．上次 last_time 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．我们学校摄影俱乐部打算举行国际中学生摄影展。‎ Our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show.‎ ‎2．展览的主题是环境保护。‎ The_theme_of_the_show_is_environmental_protection.‎ ‎3．展览从6月15号开始，持续3周时间。‎ It_will_start_from_June_15th_and_last_for_three_weeks.‎ ‎4．任何学生感兴趣。‎ Any_student_is_interested.‎ ‎5．欢迎她/他加入。‎ He/She_is_welcome_to_participate.‎ ‎6．我知道你拍的照片质量高，一直为环保想做点事。‎ I_know_you_take_good_pictures_and_you've_always_wanted_to_do_something_for_environmental_protection.‎ ‎7．我记得你让我看了有关这个主题的一些照片。‎ I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_this_theme.‎ ‎8．你上次参观我们学校。‎ You_visited_our_school_last_time.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 ‎1．将句4、5用who引导定语从句合并 Any_student_who_is_interested_is_welcome_to_participate.‎ ‎2．将句7、8用the last time合并 I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_this_theme_the_last_time_you_visited_our_school.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 Dear Peter，‎ Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and you've always wanted to do something for environmental protection.‎ I remember you showed me some photos on this theme the last time you visited our school. This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. If you want to join, you can send your photos to intlphotoshow@gmschool. com.‎ Hope to hear from you soon.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ 单元检测A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．I appreciated (欣赏) your generosity in the matter.‎ ‎2．Right now, the government should take powerful measures (措施) to push the state's economy forward.‎ ‎3．Toy sales peaked just before Christmas and now are decreasing (减少)．‎ ‎4．There are, of course, questions which she will not be willing (愿意) to answer.‎ ‎5．Imbalance in global development has widened. International and ‎ local conflicts (冲突) keep breaking out.‎ ‎6．The trees on the mountains within my range (范围) of vision had all been felled.‎ ‎7．He is very particular (挑剔的) about the materials for the decoration.‎ ‎8．We debated (辩论) for several hours on it before taking a vote.‎ ‎9．If we learn to recycle (回收利用) materials, our natural resources will last longer.‎ ‎10．This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities (数量)．‎ ‎11．She gets so absorbed (absorb) in doing something that she is unaware of things happening round her.‎ ‎12．We'll buy everything you produce (production), provided of course the price is right.‎ ‎13．As the people of the great nation, we shall take our responsibility (responsible) to make it stronger.‎ ‎14．Land may not be sold, leased, mortgaged (抵押) or illegally (illegal) transferred by any other means.‎ ‎15．The soldier's heroic action has left a deep impression (impress) on people's minds.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎ ‎1．The new bridge under construction, measured twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.measured→measuring ‎ ‎2．After much bargaining, the shop owner agreed to cut off the price by 20%. off→out ‎3．This picture was taken twenty years ago.I wonder if you can pick me up in it.up→out ‎4．The first time I toured Tai'an, I impressed with its beautiful scenery.impressed前加was ‎5．I really appreciate work with someone who does such a good job.work→working ‎6．Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out of. We must act immediately before there's none left. 去掉of Ⅲ.翻译句子 ‎ ‎1．你们越早开始工作，就会越快完成。(the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...)‎ The_earlier_you_set_about_your_work,_the_sooner_you_will_finish_it.‎ ‎2．这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。(倍数＋what从句)‎ The_length_of_the_road_is_four_times_what_it_was_three_years_ago.‎ ‎3．我讨厌人们说话时满嘴食物。(it作形式宾语)‎ I_hate_it_when_people_talk_with_their_mouth_full.‎ ‎4．毫无疑问他们会从定期的体育锻炼中获益。(there is no doubt that ...)‎ There_is_no_doubt_that_they_will_benefit_from_regular_exercise.‎ ‎5．他们来到了一座旧教堂，教堂前面站着一大群人。(全部倒装，which引导非限制性定语从句)‎ They_arrived_at_an_old_church,_in_front_of_which_stood_a_big_crowd_of_people.‎ ‎[阅读理解提速练]‎ A A massive winter storm is expected to begin hitting Massachusetts ‎ tonight, dumping up to a foot or more of snow in some areas, while whipping the coast with powerful winds and driving rains, forecasters predict.‎ ‎“It's got a little bit of everything，” William Babcock, a meteorologist (气象学家) at the National Weather Service in Taunton, said of the postChristmas storm that brought snowstorm conditions to the Ohio Valley before heading east with its mixed bag of snow, sleet, and rain.‎ State Highway Administrator Frank De Paola said more than 4,000 states and snowplows (扫雪车) and salt spreaders were ready to make the roads safer for holiday travelers.‎ ‎“MassDOT will be fully staffed and will be ready to handle this，” De Paola said, noting that the storm, which should bring snow to most of the state except the Cape and Island before turning into rain tomorrow, is Massachusetts' first significant snowstorm of this winter season.‎ ‎“There have been events where we have had pretty much freezing, icing concerns, which we have treated with chemicals. But this is the first big event that will call for plowing (清除街上的雪)，” he said.‎ A high wind watch has been issued for southeastern Massachusetts, including Cape Cod. Forecasters say the wind could reach 60 mph, possibly bringing down power lines.‎ In Worcester, some were busy for severe weather by buying rock salt, shovels (铁铲) and windshield washer, Barrows Hardware president Brain Barrows said. He called the volume (总量) of customers at his Webster Street store very steady on Wednesday morning. “You do get that supermarket effect for sure，” he said of shoppers stocking supplies before a storm.‎ There were no flight delays or cancellations at Logan International Airport in Boston as of today. “Right now, everything's running normally，” airport spokesman Richard Walsh said. But Walsh said as the day progressed, travelers should contact their airlines directly to check the status of their flights.‎ 语篇解读：一场大的暴风雪即将席卷马萨诸塞州，但无论是气象学家、路政人员、普通市民还是超市等都对此次恶劣天气做好了各方面的准备和应对工作。‎ ‎1．According to William Babcock, we can know that ________.‎ A．snow, sleet, and rain occurred after Christmas B．nothing has been done to prepare for the winter storm C．400 snowplows were ready for the snow D．the snowstorm came from the Ohio Valley 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...postChristmas storm that brought snowstorm conditions to the Ohio Valley before heading east with its mixed bag of snow, sleet, and rain.”可知，圣诞节以后出现了夹杂着大雪、冻雨和雨水的暴风雪天气。故选A项。‎ ‎2．We can conclude from Paragraph 5 that ________.‎ A．this winter season is filled with great significance B．Massachusetts seldom sees snow all year round C．there are some poisonous chemicals in the snow D．the icy roads have inconvenienced people 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，以往的冰冻天气只需要化学方法就可以除冰，但是这一次需要清除街上的雪。因此可以推断这次的暴风雪天气的确给人们带来了很多不便。‎ ‎3．Some people bought supplies ________.‎ A．because they got affected by the supermarket B．because they were wrongly directed to do this C．because they were excited to be informed D．because they were preparing themselves for the snow 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“...some were busy for severe weather by buying ...”和最后一句可知，人们都忙于应对恶劣的天气，包括在暴风雪来临前储备一些生活必需品。故选D项。‎ ‎4．What does the author mainly want to say in the passage?‎ A．People tend to fall into a panic when faced with bad weather.‎ B．The government shows concern for people's living conditions.‎ C．People from all walks of life have gotten ready for the snow.‎ D．Flights usually aren't affected much by bad weather.‎ 解析：选C　主旨大意题。文章从气象学家、高速路管理人员、五金店的老板等角度谈了对这次暴风雪的看法和应对措施。故选C项。‎ B In an effort to discourage people from using plastics, scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products. From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery (餐具) made from rice and wheat, a number of inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go, or having a relaxing picnic in the park.‎ The idea of using seaweed to make ecofriendly (环保的) water bottles has been around for a few years. Recently, Ari Jonsson took his invention — a water bottle made from red seaweed — to show off at a festival. The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled. As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down,‎ ‎ though they would be perfectly safe to eat. Ari Jonsson's bottles are a step closer to a widely used alternative to the current plastic ones.‎ The eatable water container is not the only product to add to our image of the future. Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons. After the success of his spoons, Mr. Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu. His aim is to largely reduce the amount of plastic waste, which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world. It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down, and recycling companies worldwide are struggling to deal with it.‎ Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment, this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy. Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home, possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends. Why not get experimenting and create your own recipes?‎ 语篇解读：为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，本文介绍了科学家用发明的可食用的、环保的包装替代产品。‎ ‎5．Why do scientists invent alternative packaging products?‎ A．To make people's life more convenient.‎ B．To reduce the amount of plastic waste.‎ C．To change the way we picnic outside.‎ D．To show off their inventive talents.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“In an effort to discourage people from using plastics ...”可知，为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，科学家们发明了可替代的包装产品。故选B项。‎ ‎6．What makes Ari Jonsson's water bottles ecofriendly?‎ A．They can be made at home.‎ B．They are cheap to produce and buy.‎ C．They will hold their shape when they are filled.‎ D．They will break down themselves when empty.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第四句中的“As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down ...”可知，水瓶一空，它们就会分解。也就是说，它们在被倒空时，会自己分解，所以使得这些水瓶很环保。故选D项。‎ ‎7．What do Ari and Narayana's inventions have in common?‎ A．They are convenient to carry.‎ B．They are safe to eat.‎ C．They can be used for a short time.‎ D．They are heavier than plastics.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“As soon as ...though they would be perfectly safe to eat.”及第三段第二句“Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons.”可知，两人发明物的共同特点是它们都是可安全食用的。故选B项。‎ ‎8．What can be inferred from this passage?‎ A．Homemade eatable cutlery is likely to be popular.‎ B．Eatable cutlery will completely replace plastics in the near future.‎ C．No recycling companies can break down plastic waste.‎ D．It's unsafe for individuals to invent eatable cutlery at home.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery (餐具) can be made at home ...or just fun with friends.”可知，类似的可食用餐具可在家里自制，由此可推测，这种餐具可能会变得很受欢迎。故选A项。‎ 单元检测B——完形填空精准练＋失分题型强化练 ‎[完形填空精准练]‎ Research shows that when we are absorbed in an activity, even minor distractions (分心) can have a huge effect. According to a study, regaining our __1__ drive following an interruption can take about 20 minutes.‎ Multitasking (多任务), as many studies have shown, is a myth (谬论). A more accurate __2__ of what happens when we tell ourselves we are multitasking is that we're rapidly __3__ between activities, sucking our mental energy. And the __4__ can be surprisingly serious. An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be __5__ by distractions like emails and text messages.‎ The __6__ is that multitasking is enjoyable. It's fun to satisfy your curiosity. Who knows what that next email or text message holds __7__？ Finding out provides immediate satisfaction. __8__， resisting distractions and staying on task requires __9__ and mental effort.‎ So, what are we to do?‎ Our strategy is to change the __10__ to move temptation further away: shut down your email program or __11__ your phone. It's a lot easier to stay on task when you're not __12__ fighting off mental desires.‎ The alternative, which most of us consider common, is __13__ to dieting in a bakery. We all need the willpower to resist the temptations, but doing so comes with __14__ costs to our limited supply of willpower.‎ Another worthwhile __15__ is to collect similar activities together, keeping transition (转换) time to a __16__ point. Instead of spreading phone calls, meetings and emails throughout your day, try __17__ related tasks so that there are fewer transitions.‎ In some jobs, multitasking is __18__. Some of us truly do need to ‎ stay __19__ to our clients, colleagues and managers. So it's worth noting that limiting disruptions is the only solution.‎ Remember, the more you do to minimize taskswitching over the course of the day, the more ability you'll have for activities that actually __20__. Even small changes can make a big difference.‎ 语篇解读：研究显示，当我们全神贯注于某一活动时，即便是小小的一个分心都会对活动的效果产生巨大的影响。‎ ‎1．A.initial　　　　　　　　 B．personal C．inner D．ambitious 解析：选A　A项意为“最初的；原始的”；B项意为“个人的”；C项意为“内在的”；D项意为“有野心的；有抱负的”。句意：研究表明，在一次分心之后，我们想要再次获得干劲(专注于某一活动)，需要20分钟。根据句意可知，A项符合语境，即获得原来的干劲。‎ ‎2．A.plan B．account C．prediction D．insight 解析：选B　根据上文“正如许多研究表明，多任务是一种谬论”可知，B项表示“叙述；描述”，符合语境。A项意为“计划”；C项意为“预言；预测”；D项意为“洞察力”。当我们告诉自己正处于多任务时，对于此时所发生的事情的一个更加确切的描述是，我们是在几项活动间不停地转换。‎ ‎3．A.switching B．swinging C．swapping D．shuttling 解析：选A　A项意为“变换；转换”；B项意为“摇摆”；C项意为“交换；换掉”；D项意为“穿梭”。参见上题解析，A项符合语境，即在几项活动间不停地转换。‎ ‎4．A.benefits B．reasons C．consequences D．challenges 解析：选C　A项意为“好处”；B项意为“理由”；C项意为“后果；结果”；D项意为“挑战”。根据本句中的“surprisingly serious”以及后一句中的“loses as many as 10 IQ points”可知，C项符合语境，即这样做的后果有多么严重。‎ ‎5．A.guided B．changed C．adapted D．interrupted 解析：选D　A项意为“指导”；B项意为“改变”；C项意为“适应；改编”；D项意为“中断；打扰”。根据题意可知，D项正确。句意：根据一项试验，当我们的工作被分心打扰(中断)时，我们将损失多达10个点的IQ。‎ ‎6．A.advantage B．emphasis C．trouble D．practice 解析：选C　文章上一段讲到负面的影响，本段则介绍的是产生的原因，也就是具体的问题所在——虽然有负面影响，人们为什么还乐此不疲呢？因此选C(trouble在这里指“问题；麻烦”)符合语境。‎ ‎7．A.in stock B．in store C．in check D．in possession 解析：选B　A项意为“有现货的”；B项意为“将要发生”；C项意为“在控制中”；D项意为“占有；持有”。句意：谁知道下一封邮件或短信中会有什么内容呢？hold in store意为“蕴藏”。故B项符合语境。‎ ‎8．A.As a rule B．As a result C．In short D．In contrast 解析：选D　A项意为“通常来说”；B项意为“结果”；C项意为“总之”；D项意为“相反的是；相比之下”。根据上下文语境可知，前后句意相反，上一句说的是分心的情况，后一句则讲的是如何抵制分心。故选D。‎ ‎9．A.patience B．discipline C．courage D．attention 解析：选B　句意：要抵制分心的诱惑，并注重于我们的工作，需要自制力(discipline)和内心的努力。根据句意可知，选B项。A项意为“耐心”；C项意为“勇气”；D项意为“注意力”。‎ ‎10．A.expectation B．task C．environment D．vision 解析：选C　根据冒号后面的内容可知，C项符合语境，即改变工作环境或学习环境。‎ ‎11．A.replace B．silence C．answer D．pick 解析：选B　B项意为“使沉默”，符合语境，即将电话调成静音状态。‎ ‎12．A.continuously B．finally C．passionately D．directly 解析：选A　A项意为“连续不断地”；B项意为“最终”；C项意为“热情地”；D项意为“直接地”。句意：当你不再需要持续击退内心欲望时，专心于工作便会变得更加容易。根据句意可知A项符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.similar B．relevant C．superior D．opposite 解析：选A　A项意为“相似的”；B项意为“相关的”；C项意为“较高的”；D项意为“对立的；相反的”。句意：这个选择和在面包店里节食一样。根据语境可知A项正确。‎ ‎14．A.affordable B．basic C．considerable D．modest 解析：选C　A项意为“负担得起的”；B项意为“基本的”；C项意为“相当大的；相当多的”；D项意为“谦虚的；适度的”。句意：(尽管)我们需要抵制诱惑的意志力，但是这种做法(在面包店节食)会极大地消耗我们有限的意志力。根据句意可知，选C项。‎ ‎15．A.research B．aspect C．reaction D．approach 解析：选D　A项意为“研究”；B项意为“方面”；C项意为“反应”；D项意为“方法”。根据上文可知，这里是在教我们集中注意力的方法，所以选D。‎ ‎16．A.minimum B．maximum C．turning D．fixed 解析：选A　A项意为“最小的”；B项意为“最大的”；C项意为“转折的”；D项意为“固定的”。句意：另一种方法是将相似的工作归类在一起完成，这样可以将不同工作之间切换的时间缩短到最小。根据语境可知A项正确。‎ ‎17．A.analyzing B．grouping C．assigning D．undertaking 解析：选B　根据上题可知，B项的group指“分类、归类”，符合语境，即将相关的工作分组归类。A项意为“分析”；C项意为“布置；分派”；D项意为“承担；从事”，均不符合语境。‎ ‎18．A.disturbing B．annoying C．unavoidable D．unnecessary 解析：选C　A项意为“令人不安的”；B项意为“令人恼火的”；C项意为“不可避免的”；D项意为“没有必要的”。根据下文可知有些工作中，多任务是无法避免的。故C项正确。‎ ‎19．A.sympathetic B．loyal C．accustomed D．connected 解析：选D　A项意为“有同情心的”；B项意为“忠诚的”；C项意为“习惯的”；D项意为“有联系的”。句意：我们不得不和我们的客户、同事和经理保持联系。根据语境可知D项正确。‎ ‎20．A.matter B．function C．work D．interfere 解析：选A　matter在这里是不及物动词，意为“重要”，符合语境，即你将有更多的能力去处理那些真正重要的事情。‎ ‎[失分题型强化练]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 We all know that the Friday after Thanksgiving means a mad dash to the shopping centre for ridiculous sales. But how did this bargain shopping get __1__ (it) start?‎ The first Black Friday actually had nothing __2__ (do) with Thanksgiving or shopping. The origin of Black Friday as we know it today started in Philadelphia during the 1950s and 1960s. Crowds of people would come to town the day after Thanksgiving for the annual ArmyNavy football game __3__ (hold) the following Saturday. Streets and __4__ (store) were always crowded, which was great for business but made easypickings for shoplifters (行窃者). Local police called this “Black Friday”. Not only did they have to deal with extra traffic __5__‎ ‎ shoplifting, but they had to work extra hours and couldn't request the day off.‎ The term didn't go national __6__ the late 1980s, but the __7__ (explain) changed. While shopkeepers __8__ (general) suffered financial losses most of the year, the increase of holiday shoppers marked the first day of real profit. In traditional accounting (会计) practices a few years ago, losses __9__ (record) in red ink, and profits in black ink. And so, the day after Thanksgiving __10__ companies go “into the black”and make a profit, became Black Friday.‎ ‎1．its　考查代词。根据空后的名词start可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its。‎ ‎2．to do　考查固定用法。have nothing to do with 意为“与……没有关系”，为固定用法。‎ ‎3．to be held　考查非谓语动词。game与hold之间是动宾关系，且根据空后的“the following Saturday”可知，动作未发生。故此处用to be held。‎ ‎4．stores　考查名词的数。store作“商店”讲时，为可数名词，根据前面的Streets可知，此处用复数形式。‎ ‎5．and　考查连词。extra traffic与shoplifting是并列的，所以用and连接。‎ ‎6．until　考查固定用法。not ...until ...表示“直到……才”。‎ ‎7．explanation　考查名词。因为前面是 the 且空处作主语，所以用名词形式。‎ ‎8．generally　 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词。‎ ‎9．were recorded　考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语 a few ‎ years ago 可知，应用一般过去时；record与losses之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态。‎ ‎10．when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填 when。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 I usually go to school by bike. And this morning I went on foot. On the way to school, I happen to witness an accident. A middleaged woman was knocked down by a car while crosses the street. Seeing that was happening on the scene, I made rush for the woman to help. One passerby got out of his cellphone and called the police. I helped to carry the woman to safe and dress her wound. Around ten minutes late, an ambulance arrived and took him to hospital. I continued my way to school, feeling happily that I could offer some help in time.‎ 答案：第二句：And→But 第三句：happen→happened 第四句：crosses→crossing 第五句：that→what; rush前加a 第六句：去掉of 第七句：safe→safety 第八句：late→later; him→her 第九句：happily→happy