【英语】2018届人教版选修八一轮复习:Unit3Inventorsandinventions(7页)

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【英语】2018届人教版选修八一轮复习:Unit3Inventorsandinventions(7页)

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions ‎ 核心单词 ‎1. distinguish ‎ vi.&vt. 显示¡¡的差别;使¡¡有所不同;辨别(常与from, between连用);区别;区分 I can distinguish them at a distance. ‎ 从远处我就能认出他们。‎ The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom.‎ 这个人因他的才智而扬名。 ‎ 常用结构:‎ distinguish A from B 辨别A与B ‎ be distinguished from 不同于¡¡‎ be distinguished by 以¡¡为特征 be distinguished for 因¡¡而著称 distinguish oneself 使出众;使著名 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 It is not easy to cultured pearls from genuine pearls.‎ A. distinguish B. separate C. identify D. recognize ‎(1)解析:选A。考查词语辨析。distinguish ...from 辨别,把¡¡和¡¡区别开;separate ...from把¡¡隔开;identify辨别;recognize认出,这两个词后面都不跟from。 ‎ ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①Can you distinguish (中间) those two objects? ‎ ‎②Children should be taught to (分辨是非).‎ ‎③Speech human beings (不同于¡¡) the animals. ‎ ‎④The Chinese nation is (因¡¡而著称) its diligence and courage.‎ 答案:①between ‎② distinguish right from wrong ‎③distinguishes; from ‎④distinguished for ‎ ‎2. convenient adj.便利的,方便的;就近的 常用结构:‎ be convenient to/for sb. 对(某人)方便 It is convenient to do sth. 做某事方便 Our house is very convenient for the shops. ‎ 我们的房子离商店很近。‎ 联想拓展 convenience n. 方便 at your convenience 在你方便的时候 if it suits a persons convenience如果对某人方便 for the convenience of sb. 为了某人方便起见 ‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 Our new house is very for me as I can get to the office in five minutes. ‎ A. Adaptable B. comfortable C. convenient D. available ‎(2)完成句子 ‎ Come and see me (无论你何时方便).‎ ‎(3)选词填空(convenient/convenience)‎ ‎①We must arrange a time and place for the meeting.‎ ‎②I keep my reference books near by desk for . ‎ ‎(1)解析:选C。由in five minutes可知,此处应表示¡°便利的,方便的¡±。A项意为¡°能适应的¡±;B项意为¡°舒适的¡±;D项意为¡°可以利用¡±,均不符合句意。‎ ‎(2)whenever it s convenient to you ‎(3)①convenient ②convenience ‎ ‎3. bear vt. 忍受;具有,带有;显示 (标记或特性);忍耐;负担 The letter bears no signature.这封信上没有署名。‎ 易混辨析 bear/endure/stand/tolerate bear强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力,常用于否定句中。‎ endure意为¡°经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服¡±,强调持久力和意志坚强,常用于否定句中。‎ stand强调不屈不挠或经受得起,常用于否定句中。‎ 温馨提示 tolerate意为¡°忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗¡±,语气最弱,可用于肯定句和否定句中。bear表示¡°忍受¡±时其后可跟doing sth.表示习惯性动作,也可跟to do sth.表示某一次具体动作,且多与 can, could,be able to连用;作¡°生产,生育¡±讲时,有两种过去分词形式:borne指¡°生产,生育¡±,而 born 指¡°出生¡±。 ‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 I dont think our relationship could the strain of her mother visiting for a month. ‎ A. bear B. tell C. put up D. hold ‎(2)选词填空(bear/endure/stand/tolerate) ‎ ‎①Our tent won¡¯t another storm like the last one. ‎ ‎②I can¡¯t to wait any longer.‎ ‎③Shes already had to three painful operations on her leg. ‎ ‎④I will not that sort of behaviour in my class. ‎ ‎(1)解析:选A。bear 承受,符合句意;tell区别,告诉;put up 举起,张贴;hold持有。‎ ‎(2)①stand ②bear ③endure ④tolerate ‎ ‎4. seize vt. 抓住;捉住;占据;(指强烈的感情﹑愿望等)突然影响或控制(某人);夺 She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住了我的手腕。‎ Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。‎ 常用结构:‎ seize/hold of sth. 抓住某物 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住时机 seize on/upon sth. 意识到某事物而立即加以利用 高手过招 完成句子 ‎①His father asked him (抓住时机赚一些钱).‎ ‎②We (身不由己) by a sudden impulse to run.‎ ‎③The critics (抓住) my mistake and said I was ignorant. ‎ 答案: ①to seize the chance to make some money ‎②were seized ③seized on ‎ ‎5. expectation n. 预料;期待;期望 He has little expectation of passing the exam. ‎ 他对考试及格不抱希望。‎ I usually enjoy his films, but the last one didn¡¯ t come to my expectations.‎ 我向来喜欢看他的电影,但最近的一部并不像我期望的那样好。‎ 常用结构:‎ beyond expectation 出乎意料 in expectation of 预料,期望,指望 against all expectation(s) 与预期相反,出乎意料 come up to ones expectations 不负(某人)所望 温馨提示 expectation 为不可数名词,当其意为¡°期望的事物,前景¡±时,常用复数形式。‎ 高手过招 完成句子 ‎ 我们在车站等着,期待她的到来。‎ We waited at the station her arrival. ‎ 答案:in expectation of ‎ 重点短语 ‎6. go through 经历(困难、痛苦等);通过,成功,成交;审阅,检查;翻找,查看,搜寻;穿过,通过 The plan didnt go through. 计划没通过。 ‎ A terrible noise went through the house. ‎ 一阵可怕的声音响彻整幢房子。‎ 联想拓展 ‎ look through 浏览;看破;温习 read through 通读;连续 flow through 流过;流经;通过¡¡流动 get through 通过;接通;使¡¡成功 search through 搜寻,查找 carry sth. through 成功地完成 put sth. through 完成或达成(计划、方案) ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 I have never this kind of thing, so I¡¯m afraid. ‎ A. look through B. looked through C. got through D. gone through 解析:选D。根据句意可知,此处应意为¡°经历,经手¡±。故选D。 ‎ ‎7. call up 征召;召集服兵役;唤起;使人回忆;带入心中;给¡¡打电话 He called me up to tell me the good news. ‎ 他打电话给我并告诉我这个好消息。‎ I was called up three months after war broke out.‎ 战争爆发后的第三个月,我被应征入伍。‎ 联想拓展 call back 召回;回电话;收回处理 call on/at 拜访(on后跟人;at后跟地点名词)‎ call for 要求;提倡;为¡¡叫喊 call forth 使产生;引起 call in 召集;召来;来访 call off 取消;延期 call out 出动;唤起;大声叫唤 call on ...to do号召¡¡做 ‎ 高手过招 用适当的介词或副词填空 ‎ ‎①This is the work that calls patience. ‎ ‎②Human Rights groups are calling the release of political prisoners. ‎ ‎③He had to call the meeting because of the bad weather.‎ ‎④I¡¯ll call him tomorrow, do you want to visit him with me?‎ ‎⑤The company has called all such models as built in 1990.‎ ‎⑥The government then called troops to deal with the disturbances.‎ ‎⑦The old photo calls memories of my childhood.‎ ‎ ‎ 答案:①for ②for ③off ④on ⑤back ⑥ in ⑦up ‎ ‎8. get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过考试;用光;用完;使成功;使理解;明 白 ‎ We were all delighted when we heard you had got through the exam. ‎ 听到你通过考试时,我们都很高兴。‎ 联想拓展 get across 通过;使¡¡理解 get over 越过,克服(困难);从(疾病)¡¡恢复过来 get through with 结束;完成;花光(钱财等) ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 I couldn¡¯t .The line was busy. ‎ go by B. go around C. get in D. get through ‎ 解析:选D。由¡°The line was busy¡±可知,这里指¡°电话没有接通¡±。go by 从旁边经过;go around走来走去;get in收获;get through接通电话,符合句意。 ‎ ‎9. set about sth./doing sth./(to do)‎ ‎(不用于被动语态) 开始(某工作); 着手做某事 I must set about my packing. 我得开始收拾行李了。‎ The new government must set about finding solutions to the countrys economic problems. ‎ 新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。 ‎ 联想拓展 set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边;节省或保留(钱或时间)‎ set sth. down 将某事物记在纸上; 写下来 set out 出发;启程;(怀着目标)开始工作 set off 开始(旅行、赛跑等)‎ set sth. off 使(炸弹、地雷等)爆炸 set to 精力充沛地开始做某事 set sth. up 摆放或竖起某物;创(体育)纪录 ‎ 高手过招 用适当的介词填空(原创)‎ ‎①I don¡¯t know how to set this job. ‎ ‎②She set a new world record time the 100metre race.‎ ‎③They set on the last stage their journey. ‎ ‎④How do senior managers set making these decisions? ‎ 答案:① about ②up; in ③out; of ④about ‎ ‎10. in case 如果;以防万一;万一 It may rain-youd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does). ‎ 可能下雨¡ª¡ª你最好带把伞,以防万一(下起来)。‎ 联想拓展 in case of sth. 若发生某事;假如 in any case 无论如何;总之 in no case 在任何情形下决不;无论如何都不 in that case 既然那样;假若是那样的话 高手过招 完成句子 ‎① (遇火灾时), ring the alarm bell. ‎ ‎②You don¡¯t like your job? (既然那样), why don¡¯t you leave?‎ ‎③Bring some money with you (以防万一) you want to buy something.‎ 答案:①In case of fire ‎ ‎ ② In that case ‎ ‎ ③in case ‎ 重点句型 ‎11. The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. ‎ 我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我。但是,看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。‎ 在there be结构中,be的人称与数应遵循就近原则。‎ There was a bucket of water and two chairs in the corner of the house.‎ 在房子的角落里有一桶水和两把椅子。‎ There are two chairs and a bucket of water in the corner of the house.‎ 在房子的角落里有两把椅子和一桶水。‎ 联想拓展 there be的常见形式有:there seems to be.../there happens to be.../there used to ‎ be ...etc.‎ 高手过招 根据句意在横线上填入适当的单词 ‎①The child seems (be) healthy, but the doctor is concerned. ‎ ‎②It seems to me there¡¯s something funny about the case.‎ ‎③There doesn¡¯t seem (be) much hope that he¡¯ll come. ‎ 答案: ①to be ②that ③to be ‎ ‎12. ...but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson. ‎ ‎¡¡但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。‎ 该句是¡°It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他¡±结构。‎ 句中用了¡°not ...until ...¡±的强调句结构,此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是用在强调句型中,till与until可通用;另外主句中的否定词not 要提出来,放在until之前一起强调,因此that后面的从句要用肯定句,不能再用否定句。‎ He didnt go to bed until/till his wife came back.‎ ‎=It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. ‎ 直到他的妻子回来他才睡觉。‎ 温馨提示 not until置于句首时,要用部分倒装句型,这时要注意从句不倒装,只倒装主句。‎ Not until last week did they find the lost bike. ‎ 直到上个星期他们才找到丢失的自行车。‎ Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time.‎ 我的儿子直到上了大学之后才意识到时间的重要性。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 ‎①It was midnight back home after the experiment. ‎ A. until; that he went B. until; that he didnt go C. not until; that he didnt D. not until; that he went ‎②Not until I began to work realize how much time I had wasted. ‎ didn¡¯t I B. did I C. I didn¡¯t D. I ‎ ①解析:选D。从题干和选项很容易看出这是一个含有not until 的强调句。基本句型为¡°It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他成分¡±,故排除A、B两项。否定词not 已提前,故主句中为肯定句,故选D。句意为:直到半夜做完实验后他才回来。‎ ‎②解析:选B。not until的倒装句型,用部分倒装,助动词提到主语之前,而且not已经移到句首,因此句中不能再出现,故选B。‎ ‎ ‎
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