2020版高考英语一轮基础达标选题 Unit 2 Healthy eating（含解析）新人教版必修3

2020版高考英语一轮基础达标选题 Unit 2 Healthy eating（含解析）新人教版必修3

Unit 2 Healthy eating 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ Flaubert had it that “one way of tolerating existence is to lose oneself in literature as in an unending party”. It turns out that reading doesn’t only help us to tolerate existence, but actually lengthens it.‎ A recent study by Yale University researchers, published online in the journal Social Science & Medicine, concluded that “book readers experienced a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death over the 12 years of followup compared to nonreaders”．‎ The data was obtained from the study sponsored by the National Institute on Aging. The study looked at 3，635 subjects, all older than 50, whom the researchers divided into three groups：those who didn’t read books, those who read up to 3.5 hours a week and those who read more than 3.5 hours a week.‎ The findings were remarkable：on average, book readers survived almost two years longer than those who didn’t crack open a book. The more the subjects read, the longer they lived, but as little as 30 minutes a day was still beneficial in terms of survival.‎ Accounting for factors such as education level, income and health status, the study found that those who read more than 3.5 hours weekly were 23 percent less likely to die during that 12year period. Those who read up to 3.5 hours—an average of a half hour a day—were 17 percent less likely.‎ ‎“In other words, just like a healthy diet and exercise, books appear to promote a significant survival advantage，” the authors concluded.‎ Why or how that’s the case remains unclear；the research showed only an association between book reading and longevity, not a causal relationship. But the findings are not so surprising. Other recent research showed that reading novels appears to increase both brain connectivity and sympathy.‎ ‎【解题导语】　研究发现，阅读和长寿有一定的联系，阅读者的平均寿命比不读书的人长将近两岁。‎ ‎1．Why does the author mention Flaubert’s words in the first paragraph?‎ A．To stress the value of reading.‎ B．To compare reading with a party.‎ C．To introduce the study on reading.‎ 9‎ D．To support the findings of the study.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。文章第一段引用Flaubert的名言说明读书的作用，接着第二段介绍了耶鲁大学关于读书与死亡风险之间关系的研究。据此可以判断，引用Flaubert的名言旨在介绍对阅读的作用的研究，故C项正确。‎ ‎2．From the text, what can we learn about the study?‎ A．No similar study on reading has been carried out.‎ B．The process of the study lasted more than ten years.‎ C．It shows readers live two years longer than nonreaders.‎ D．It shows time spent on reading increases one’s love for it.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“book readers ... to nonreaders”可知，在12年的跟踪调查中发现，与不读书的人相比，阅读者的死亡风险降低了20%。据此可知，该项调查持续了十多年，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．What do the underlined words “that’s the case” probably mean?‎ A．Reading books enables people to live longer.‎ B．Reading is similar to a healthy diet and exercise.‎ C．Reading books is closely associated with longevity.‎ D．Reading increases brain connectivity and sympathy.‎ A　解析：词义猜测题。根据上文中的“books appear to promote a significant survival advantage”及上文所述的研究结论“读书可以延长寿命”和该句“Why or how ___________that’s the case ... not a causal relationship.”可知，阅读为什么以及以什么方式延长读者寿命，人们仍然不清楚。据此可知，画线词指代研究表明的“读书可以延长寿命”，故A项正确。‎ ‎4．Where can we most probably read this text?‎ A．http：//www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/family.‎ B．http：//www.barnesandnoble.com/books/comingsoon.‎ C．http：//www.washingtonpost.com/news/toyourhealth.‎ D．http：//www.thebookbag.co.uk/BookRecommendations.‎ C　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了阅读和长寿有一定的联系，阅读者的平均寿命比不读书的人长将近两岁，阅读能增强大脑的功能。据此可以判断，本文属于健康话题，因此最可能摘自健康网站，故C项正确。‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·天津高考)My room is a mess, but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.‎ 9‎ 答案：needn't　由“I can do it in the morning”可知，“我”今晚没必要打扫，应用Sb. needn't do sth. 句式。‎ ‎2．(2017·天津高考)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train________ (catch)．‎ 答案：to catch　结合句意可知，此处表示将要发生的动作，故用动词不定式作定语。‎ ‎3．There is a limit ________ the amount of pain we can bear.‎ 答案：to　There is a limit to ... “……是有限度的”。‎ ‎4．The beautiful lady sat a little straighter and tried to look ________ (slim) and younger.‎ 答案：slimmer　由“and younger”可知，应用比较级slimmer “更苗条”。‎ ‎5．Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the importance of a ________ (balance) diet to their health.‎ 答案：balanced　a balanced diet “均衡饮食”。‎ ‎6．Children are always curious ________ everything they see and hear.‎ 答案：about　be curious about “对……感到好奇”。‎ ‎7．Being a good teacher, you should know your students' ________ (strong) and weaknesses.‎ 答案：strengths　strengths and weaknesses “强项和弱项”。‎ ‎8．Lowincome residents can't afford ________ (consult) a doctor or purchase medicines when they get sick.‎ 答案：to consult　can't afford to consult a doctor “请不起医生”。‎ ‎9．We can't always combine work ________ pleasure.‎ 答案：with　combine A with B “将A与B相结合”。‎ ‎10．John's ________ (weak) lies in his bad temper.‎ 答案：weakness　由设空前的John's可知，应填名词形式weakness “缺点，不足”。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ Honesty is always the best policy，especially when it comes to mental health problems.In a TV __1__，one girl gets very real about dealing with anxiety and panic.‎ ‎“I was the best student in my high school.I put so much __2__ on myself，” she said.“I never __3__ a class.But I got sick during 10th grade and I started to __4__.That was when the panic attacks began.”She goes on to describe what a panic attack __5__ like，“One day the teacher handed me my grade __6__，and I couldn't 9‎ ‎ breathe.My heart was beating very __7__.I felt disconnected.I saw people trying to talk to me but I couldn't hear them.Afterwards，I was sent to __8__，”she shared.‎ It was then __9__ the attacks started happening __10__ daily，and they haven't stopped.“Last year I started college.And I can't be the best student here no matter how hard I try，”she said.“Everyone is so __11__.My panic attacks got so bad that I had to __12__ my first semester.”‎ However，now she is facing her anxiety，and things are getting better.“I used to try to hide __13__.I thought that __14__ nobody knew，it would not exist，”she said.“But the more I talk about my __15__，the more I realize that other people experience __16__ things.So I'm trying to express it more.I had a great teacher __17__ told me，‘Instead of letting anxiety keep you from doing your art，let it be the thing that __18__ your art.’”‎ Recently，women all over the world took to Twitter to __19__ what anxiety is like.We are __20__ alone.‎ ‎1．A.project B．program C．platform D．station ‎2．A.weight B．height C．pressure D．measure ‎3．A.joined B．succeeded C．failed D．attended ‎4．A.fall behind B．fall down C．leave behind D．leave alone ‎5．A.looks B．sounds C．tastes D．feels ‎6．A.report B．survey C．research D．notice ‎7．A.mildly B．wildly C．slowly D．severely ‎8．A.school B．work C．hospital D．home ‎9．A.when B．since C．before D．that ‎10．A.still B．always C．merely D．almost 9‎ ‎11．A.ambitious B．anxious C．talented D．experienced ‎12．A.arrange B．perform C．operate D．cancel ‎13．A.it B．them C．me D．us ‎14．A.unless B．if C．while D．as ‎15．A.confidence B．dream C．issue D．desire ‎16．A.similar B．familiar C．various D．serious ‎17．A.who B．whom C．whose D．which ‎18．A.abandons B．quits C．motivates D．protests ‎ ‎19．A.advertise B．advise C．share D．compare ‎20．A.always B．sometimes C．seldom D．never ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个女孩分享了她曾经的焦虑经历，后来，她勇敢面对焦虑，情况得以好转。作者借这个事例说明直面困难、坦诚问题往往是解决心理健康问题的良策。‎ ‎【核心词汇】deal with处理，应付 ‎ panic n．恐慌，惊恐　v．使恐慌 ‎ policy n．政策，策略，保险单 ‎ disconnected adj.分离的，断开的，不连贯的，无关联的 ‎ semester n．半学年，一学期 ‎1．B　根据“In a TV __1__，one girl gets very real about dealing with anxiety and panic”可知，在一个电视节目(program)中，一个女孩坦诚地分享了她克服焦虑和惊恐的经历，故B项正确。A项意为“项目”；C项意为“平台”；D项意为“站”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎2．C　根据前一句“I was the best student in my high school”，再结合该句“I put so much __2__ on 9‎ ‎ myself”可知，该句是说，在学校里这个女孩是一位优等生，她自己给自己施加了很多压力。C项意为“压力”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“体重”；B项意为“身高”；D项意为“度量单位”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎3．C　根据上文，再结合该句“I never __3__ a class”可知，这个女孩从没有考试不及格过；C项意为“不及格”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“加入”；B项意为“成功”；D项意为“参加”。‎ ‎4．A　根据上下文可知，在十年级时这个女孩生病了，成绩开始落后；A项意为“落后”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“不实，不能令人满意”；C项意为“留下，遗留”；D项意为“不打扰”。‎ ‎5．D　根据空处前后句可知，这个女孩是在描述焦虑症发作时的感觉。feel like为固定搭配，意为“感觉像是……”，符合语境，故D项正确。‎ ‎6．A　根据该句中“One day the teacher handed me my grade __6__，and I couldn't breathe”可知，老师将成绩单交给了这个女孩；表示“成绩单”用“grade report”，故A项正确。‎ ‎7．B　根据后一句“I felt disconnected”可以判断，这个女孩看到了她的成绩单后感觉无法呼吸，心脏疯狂地(wildly)跳动，故B项正确。A项意为“温和地”；C项意为“缓慢地”；D项意为“严格地”。‎ ‎8．C　参见上题解析并结合该句“Afterwards，I was sent to __8__”可以判断，最后，这个女孩被送往医院。故C项正确。‎ ‎9．D　根据该句“It was then __9__ the attacks started happening __10__ daily，and they haven't stopped”可知，该句使用了强调句型，被强调的部分是then，故用that引导句中的其他部分，故D项正确。‎ ‎10．D　根据空处所在句可知，从那时起焦虑几乎每天发生，没有停止过。D项意为“几乎”，符合语境，故D项正确。‎ ‎11．C　根据空处前一句可知，在大学里，无论这个女孩怎么努力都无法成为最好的学生；结合该句“Everyone is so __11__”可知，每个人都有天赋；C项意为“有天赋的”，符合语境，故C项正确。‎ ‎12．D　根据该句“My panic attacks got so bad that I had to __12__ my first semester”可知，这个女孩的焦虑症变得如此严重，她不得不休学。D项意为“取消”，符合语境，故D项正确。‎ ‎13．A　根据空处前后句可知，空处指代前一句的“anxiety”，后一句中的“it would not exist”也是提示。故此处用it。‎ ‎14．B　根据语境可知，空处引导条件状语从句，故此处用if。‎ ‎15．C　根据上下文可知，空处是指这个女孩的焦虑问题。C项意为“问题”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“信心”；B项意为“梦想”；D项意为“渴望”。‎ 9‎ ‎16．A　根据上下文可知，此处是指这个女孩对她的问题谈得越多，她就越意识到其他人也经历过相似的事情。文章的最后一段也是提示。故A项正确。‎ ‎17．A　分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为“a great teacher”，在从句中作主语，故用who引导该定语从句。‎ ‎18．C　根据语境可知，空处应用与“keep you from doing your art”意义相反的一个动词。C项意为“激励”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“放弃”；B项意为“停止”；D项意为“反对”。‎ ‎19．C　根据该句“Recently，women all over the world took to Twitter to __19__ what anxiety is like”可知，最近，世界各地的女性都在推特上分享了焦虑的经历。C项意为“分享”，符合语境，故C项正确。‎ ‎20．D　参见上题解析，再结合该句“We are __20__ alone”可知，焦虑者不是孤独的，故用否定词never。‎ 四、单句改错 ‎1．The warning sign was put there with the benefit of the public.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：with→for　for the benefit of ... “为了……的利益”。‎ ‎2．Since the dancers have to pay the high cost of clothing out of their own pockets, they are often heavily in the debt.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉debt前的the　in debt “负债”。‎ ‎3．The old man earns his live by begging door to door.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：live→living　earn one's living “谋生”。‎ ‎4．The man ought to be fired. You shouldn't let him get away from stealing from the shop.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：from→with　get away with “做了坏事不受惩罚”。‎ ‎5．He should have handed in his paper yesterday, and he forgot about it completely.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：and→but　前后分句之间为转折关系。‎ 五、短文改错 As is known to we all，America's national pastime is baseball.It has played in this country since the first settlers arrive.It was a national ball what was liked by many Americans at that time.Although baseball possibly developed from an English 9‎ ‎ game，it is now thought of like an American sport.From the Little League to the Major League，player of all skill levels enjoy testing their power on the “Field of Dreams”．Famous players，exciting music but the standard stadium food of hot dogs，popcorn and peanuts are popularly among Americans.In a fact，Americans make go to the baseball game a favorite summer outing for many Americans nowadays.‎ ‎【答案】‎ As is known to all，America's national pastime is baseball.It has played in this country since the first settlers .It was a national ball was liked by many Americans at that time.Although baseball possibly developed from an English game，it is now thought of an American sport.From the Little League to the Major League， of all skill levels enjoy testing their power on the “Field of Dreams”．Famous players，exciting music the standard stadium food of hot dogs，popcorn and peanuts are among Americans.In fact，Americans make to the baseball game a favorite summer outing for many Americans nowadays.‎ 第一处：we改为us。考查代词。与语境中介词to呼应，故此处用代词的宾格形式us作介词to的宾语。‎ 第二处：has后加been。考查动词语态。主语It指代baseball，和谓语动词play构成被动关系，故在has后加been。‎ 第三处：arrive改为arrived。考查动词时态。since意为“自从”时，从句用一般过去时，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。‎ 第四处：what改为that/which。考查关系词。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a national ball。‎ 第五处：like改为as。考查介词。固定搭配think of...as...意为“把……当做……”，符合语境，故用介词as。‎ 第六处：player改为players。考查名词复数。player是可数名词，与语境of all skill levels呼应，故此处用复数形式。‎ 第七处：but改为and。考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的并列关系，故用连词and。‎ 9‎ 第八处：popularly改为popular。考查形容词。与语境中are呼应，故用形容词popular作表语。‎ 第九处：删除a。考查固定搭配。固定搭配in fact意为“事实上”，符合语境，故删除a。‎ 第十处：go改为going。考查动名词。此处going to the baseball game是动名词短语作谓语动词make的宾语，符合语境。‎ 9‎