高考英语一轮复习板块4至关重要的句式--并列句三大从句和特殊句式第1讲定语从句教学案牛津译林版 2

高考英语一轮复习板块4至关重要的句式--并列句三大从句和特殊句式第1讲定语从句教学案牛津译林版 2

第1讲　定语从句 ‎[全国卷考情分析]‎ 题型 典题试做 命题解读 语 法 填 空 ‎1. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ) Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，which she opened with her late husband Les.‎ ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.‎ ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which/that_ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.‎ ‎1.考查定语从句的关系词，which、that和who考查居多；‎ ‎2．有时考查非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法。‎ 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·石家庄检测一)A new teacher ________ will teach you German will come here tomorrow.‎ who　[考查定语从句。从结构上看，空处是关系代词，修饰先行词A new teacher，指人，并且在从句中作主语，所以要用who。]‎ ‎2．(2019·重庆第一次调研)The park offers visitors a sight of nature at________ majorities of people never have the chance to take a look.‎ which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句中的“The park offers visitors a sight of nature”是主句，“at________majorities...a look”是定语从句，空处在定语从句中作at的宾语，代指a sight of nature，故填which。]‎ ‎3．(2019·江西五校第一次联考)The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material________helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment.‎ that/which　[考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词genetic material。]‎ 5‎ ‎1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。‎ I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。‎ ‎2．that和which的用法区别 只用that 的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，‎ something，anything，nothing 等不定代词时 先行词被the only，the very，‎ the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级 或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which 的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时(逗号隔开时)‎ 关系代词指物，且前有介词时 China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.‎ ‎《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。‎ ‎3．as和which的区别 as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 which 5‎ which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 ‎“You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.‎ 正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。‎ ‎[易错提醒]　as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so，as或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。‎ 考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·河北五个一名校联盟第二次模拟)There are many good websites ________you can check out the latest in the science world.‎ where　[考查定语从句。先行词为websites，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，相当于on which。]‎ ‎2．(2019·河北衡水中学调考)After living in Australia for many years, Louise finally returned to the country________she was born.‎ where　[句意：在澳大利亚生活了许多年之后，路易丝最后回到了她出生的那个国家。先行词为the country，将先行词代入定语从句后为：She was born in the country.，由此可见先行词在定语从句中与介词in一起作地点状语，故填关系副词where。]‎ ‎3．(2019·山东烟台期末)His interest started a few years ago，________he was in college and studying wildlife science.‎ when　[句意：他的兴趣始于几年前，当时他正在上大学研究野生动物科学。先行词为a few years ago，将先行词代入定语从句后为：He was in college and studying wildlife science a few years ago.，由此可知关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故填when。]‎ 关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，position，case，stage等)‎ 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。‎ Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.‎ 学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。‎ 5‎ Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? ‎ 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？‎ 考点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·山西四校联考)In their class there are altogether 54 students, half of ________ wear glasses.‎ whom　[考查定语从句。句意：他们班总共有54名学生，其中有一半学生戴眼镜。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词是students，指人，关系词作介词of的宾语，所以用whom。]‎ ‎2．He wrote many children's books，nearly half of______were published in the 1990s.‎ which　[此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是children's books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在20世纪90年代出版的。]‎ ‎3．(2019·沧州二模)We expect you to become someone of________we'll feel very proud in the future.‎ whom　[句意：我们希望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。feel proud of意为“为……感到自豪”，引导词置于介词of后作宾语，且先行词为someone，指人，故填whom。]‎ ‎1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。‎ Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.‎ 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。‎ September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.‎9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。‎ ‎2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。‎ Scientists have advanced many theories why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.‎ 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。‎ Many young people，most of whom were welleducated，headed for remote regions 5‎ ‎ to chase their dreams.‎ 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。‎ ‎3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。‎ The newlybuilt café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。‎ ‎【技法点拨】‎ 在语法填空中：‎ ‎1．首先找准先行词，分析句子结构，根据从句所缺的成分确定关系词的使用。‎ ‎①如果缺少主、宾、表作定语，需用关系代词；如果缺少状语，则用关系副词。‎ ‎②确定所缺成分之后，再看先行词是人还是物，是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词，是reason还是way等，从而最后确定答案。‎ ‎2．若先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中关系代词用whom，若指物，则用which。牢记that与which, as与which的区别。‎ 5‎