2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十四)理清段落结构之二顺承

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十四)理清段落结构之二顺承

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十四) 理清段落结构之二顺承 ‎　‎ 三类顺承段落结构：1.按事情的发展顺序，也就是事情发生的起因——经过——结果。2.按时间的推移顺序，也就是按时间的先后顺序。这个顺序的描写方式，通常都有时间词语。3.按空间的观察顺序，也就是空间位置的不同。这个顺序的描写方式，通常有地理位置的词语。这种顺承关系是下文总结段落的基础和例证。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2018•天津卷•阅读表达 ‎[1]Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain， all people encounter mountains in their life.‎ ‎[2]When I was a little girl， my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after school， while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain， I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps lead to？ Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.‎ ‎[3]I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top！ But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mum would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.‎ ‎[4]Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be a castle up there？ Maybe I would find a monster (怪物).Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home. Or， maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing！ But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.‎ ‎[5]Now we live in a world surrounded by the “can’t do” attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what’s at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream！ Never let anyone tell you，“You can’t.” Dream big and climb high！‎ ‎2～4三段文字以时间和空间为序，依次顺序承接，叙述了“我”的一次爬山过程，是下文总结段落的基础和例证。‎ ‎“承接下文”的句子 ‎“承接下文”的句子 ‎“承接下文”的句子 ‎　　　　⇩总结出 不要放弃自己的梦想，一定要坚持下去。‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2017•全国卷Ⅰ•B篇 ‎[1]I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.‎ ‎[2]I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground.When I arrived, I saw a 2 to 3weekold owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for ‎ safety.‎ ‎[3]I examined the chick (雏鸟) and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.‎ ‎[4]The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.‎ ‎[5]Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.‎ ‎[6]A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.‎ 前五段文字以时间为序，依次顺承连接，其过程为“got a rescue call→examined→placed→parents→responded”，展示了作者成功救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟的经历。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2019•南宁高三毕业班联考)When we do the same movements with our bodies over and over again, we overuse some muscles. And the overuse can lead to strain (压力) and injury. Sometimes those problems can come from doing sports. But there is another cause of muscle problems: handheld technology devices.‎ Staring down at your phone or tablet for long periods of time puts great tension on your neck. Experts say this posture puts strain on the entire upper body. Muscle strain linked to handheld technology has become such a common condition that it now has a name: tech_neck.‎ Common symptoms of tech neck are neck pain, loss of feelings in your hands and fingers, headaches — both mild and severe — and poor posture. In the worst cases of tech neck, you can lose the strength of your hands and fingers.‎ You can take simple steps to improve tech neck. Take breaks from using your technology. Stand up and stretch your legs often. Also, give your eyes a break by closing them now and then throughout the day. Do neck exercises. Experts at the website Spine Universe recommend these three neck stretches.‎ ‎1．Chin (下巴) Stretch Move your chin towards your chest. Hold for 5 seconds. The stretch should be comfortable from your neck to the base of your skull. Repeat 10 times.‎ ‎2．Side Lean Lean your head to the right. Bring your ear close to the shoulder. Hold for 20 seconds. Bring your head back to the center, and then lean it to the left, again holding for 20 seconds. Repeat 3－5 times on each side.‎ ‎3．SidetoSide Head Turning Turn your chin towards your right shoulder. Hold for 20 seconds. Bring your head back to the center, and then turn it to the left, again holding for 20 seconds. Repeat 3－5 times on each side.‎ And if your tech neck symptoms get worse, see a health care professional.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．What does the underlined phrase “tech neck” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Neck pain caused by sports.‎ B．Cure for diseases by technology.‎ C．Protection against problems with certain devices.‎ D．Neck problems caused by technology devices.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Muscle strain linked to handheld technology has become such a common condition that it now has a name”可知，“tech neck”指的是与便携式科技设备有关的肌肉紧张，并且已经成为一种常见的疾病，同时结合该段首句中的“great tension on your neck”可知，选项D“科技设备造成的颈部问题”意思与之相近。所以选D。‎ ‎2．Which of the following shows one of the correct gestures of “Side Lean”？‎ ‎ ‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据2.Side Lean部分的内容可知，该部分叙述的动作是把头靠向肩膀，让耳朵贴近肩膀，故选项B所示的姿势正确。所以选B。‎ ‎3．What do the first and third neck exercises have in common?‎ A．Shaking the head.‎ B．Touching the chest.‎ C．Moving the chin.‎ D．Turning in the same direction.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一个练习中的“Move your chin towards your chest.”和第三个练习中的“Turn your chin towards your right shoulder.”可知，这两套动作都涉及下巴的移动，所以选C。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019•合肥市高三调研)Until a few years ago, I had what most people would call a good life.I had a __1__ job that paid the bills; I had a good family that I was close to, and I had a place to live and money in the bank for trips and __2___， and there was nothing much wrong in my life. __3__， I was bored.‎ I wanted more.I wanted to live __4__ and loudly and make sharp memories instead of the __5__ones of everyday life.But I was __6__.I had never had any __7__ in myself.As a child, even buying something in a shop caused me a great deal of __8__， and even though I did get better as I got older, I never quite __9__ that childhood shyness.‎ And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence.I also took tiny steps leading to my goals.But none of them really __10__.‎ So I__11__ that the small steps weren’t enough.I signed up for an internship (实习期的工作) of teaching English in Vietnam, an __12__ huge step, one that __13__ me as much as it excited me.And then the day came and I left my home and my loved ones.I was alone in a country where the food was __14__ and the streets were unfamiliar.I had no idea whether I would be able to __15__ everything that this very strange environment would __16__ at me.‎ I spent five months in Vietnam, teaching, exploring and laughing. I’d learned to __17__ myself, my skills, my abilities and my decisions.I returned home__18__， even to myself, let alone to others.The __19__ that had controlled my life and the selfdoubt were__20__.‎ That one big chance changed everything for me，and in me.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者通过去异国他乡支教从而改变人生的励志故事。‎ ‎1．A.stable　　　　　　　　 　B．temporary C．difficult D．demanding 解析：选A　根据上文中的“Until a few years ago, I had what most people would call a good life.”可推知，之前作者的生活过得不错，有收入稳定的工作，故选A。stable“稳定的”；temporary“暂时的”；demanding“要求高的”。‎ ‎2．A.tips B．rewards C．treats D．fines 解析：选C　根据空前的“money in the bank for trips”可推知，作者生活舒适，有出去旅游和款待他人的资金。treat 在此作名词，意为“款待”。tip“小费，窍门”；reward“奖赏，回报”；fine“罚款”。‎ ‎3．A.Thus B．Instead C．Otherwise D．However 解析：选D　根据语境可知，空处的前后内容之间存在逻辑上的转折关系，故选D。‎ ‎4．A.easily B．brightly C．peacefully D．modestly 解析：选B　根据空后的“loudly”可推知，作者对之前的美好生活并不满足，想生活得更加充满活力(brightly)。‎ ‎5．A.bitter B．clear C．grey D．sweet 解析：选C　根据上文中的“I was bored”可推知，作者厌倦了之前单调乏味的(grey)生活，希望生活更加丰富多彩一些，与上文中的“make sharp memories”相呼应。‎ ‎6．A.proud B．innocent C．outgoing D．afraid 解析：选D　根据空前的“But”以及下文中的“childhood shyness”可推知，作者内心充满了恐惧。‎ ‎7．A.pride B．confidence C．interest D．shame 解析：选B　根据下文中的“even buying something in a shop caused me a great deal of __8__”和“childhood shyness”可推知，作者一直以来对自己都缺乏信心(confidence)，与下文中的“And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence.”相呼应。‎ ‎8．A.stress B．excitement C．confusion D．surprise 解析：选A　根据空后的“even though I did get better as I got older”可推知，在孩童时期，去商店买东西都会给作者带来很多心理负担(stress)。‎ ‎9．A.added to B．talked about C．got over D．suffered from 解析：选C　根据空前的“never”可推知，作者一直都没有克服(got over)自己孩童时期的害羞。‎ ‎10．A.continued B．survived C．failed D．helped 解析：选D 　根据句中的“But”可推知，作者尽管尝试了很多方法，例如阅读有关(提升)自信的书籍，并采取了一些小的措施，但是都无济于事(helped)。‎ ‎11．A.figured B．promised C．predicted D．disagreed 解析：选A　根据空前的“So”可推知，作者认为(figured)小的措施是不够的。‎ ‎12．A.equally B．impossibly C．unnecessarily D．occasionally 解析：选B　去越南支教对于一向缺乏自信的作者来讲的确是跨出了不可思议的一大步，故选B。‎ ‎13．A.ignored B．impressed C．annoyed D．terrified 解析：选D　此处与上文作者孩童时期的害羞以及尝试多种方法增强自信相呼应，故这样的决定让作者害怕(terrified)，同时又使作者激动万分。‎ ‎14．A.nice B．colorful C．strange D．inadequate 解析：选C　由下文中的“the streets were unfamiliar”和“this very strange environment”可推知，作者身处异国他乡，对那里的食物感到陌生(strange)。‎ ‎15．A.doubt B．handle C．quit D．obtain 解析：选B　根据语境可知，作者不知道自己是否能够应付(handle)这个完全陌生的环境抛(throw)给自己的一切。‎ ‎16．A.point B．throw C．shout D．aim 解析：选B　参见上题解析。throw at “朝……扔”。‎ ‎17．A.trust B．enjoy C．excuse D．forgive 解析：选A　与上文中的“And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence.”形成对比可推知，作者在越南支教期间学会了自信。‎ ‎18．A.unconcerned B．unsatisfied C．unchangeable D．unrecognizable 解析：选D　根据语境可推知，作者从越南回来之后，发生了巨大的变化，几乎让人认不出了。unconcerned“不关心的”；unsatisfied“不满意的”；unchangeable“不可改变的”；unrecognizable“认不出来的”。‎ ‎19．A.fear B．respect C．courage D．anger 解析：选A　由空后的“controlled my life”和“the selfdoubt”可推知，作者之前的生活被害怕(fear)控制，与上文中的“that childhood shyness”呼应。‎ ‎20．A.picked up B．forgotten about C．worn off D．put off 解析：选C　作者从越南回来之后，发生了巨大的变化，自信满满，自我怀疑逐渐消失(worn off)。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2019•重庆调研)Now, I’d like to share what I __1__ (learn) through Travelling Guide a few weeks ago.‎ Thousands of visitors each year enjoy Haleakala National Park, one of the __2__ (unusual) national parks in the United States, on the island of Maui. Ships stop at the island and buses take __3__ (group) of visitors to see the huge volcano there. Visitors also may take a walk in the rain ‎ forest __4__ (create) by the volcano thousands of years ago.‎ The park offers visitors a sight of nature at __5__ majorities of people never have the chance to take a look. At the top of Haleakala, __6__ (look) down inside what is the most active part of the volcano, we can see that the volcano has left thousands of different shapes of lava (熔岩) stone ever since. Hundreds of years __7__ rain and bright sun have cut long paths in the stone. There are mainly 3 stone areas. One big area seems __8__ (be) deep and dark red. __9__ two areas seem almost yellow and green. It looks as if someone spilled (泼洒) many colors of paint over the huge areas. The lava stone areas are __10__ (color) because the lava is rich in many kinds of minerals.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了哈雷阿卡拉国家公园。‎ ‎1．learned/learnt　考查动词时态。根据本句中的时间状语“a few weeks ago”可知，该空应用一般过去时。‎ ‎2．most unusual　考查形容词最高级。此处表示“美国最不同寻常的国家公园之一”，这里应用形容词的最高级修饰national parks，故该空填most unusual。‎ ‎3．groups　考查名词复数。根据上文中的“Thousands of visitors”可知游客很多，又因group是可数名词，这里表示“成群的游客”，故用group的复数形式。‎ ‎4．created　考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，forest后面的部分作定语修饰rain forest，且rain forest与动词create之间在逻辑上是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎5．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在定语从句中作at的宾语，代指a sight of nature，故填which。‎ ‎6．looking　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句中第二个逗号后面的部分是主句，空处为非谓语动词作状语，look与其逻辑主语we之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，故此处用现在分词形式。‎ ‎7．of　考查介词。of用于month, year等名词后以表示某状态或活动持续的时长。‎ ‎8．to be 　考查非谓语动词。seem to do sth.为固定用法。‎ ‎9．Another　考查代词。根据上文中的3 stone areas 和One big area可知，这里用Another。Another two areas表示“另外两个地区”。‎ ‎10．colorful　考查形容词。该空作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，故用形容词。colorful表示“色彩丰富的”。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 Most people expect their birthdays because of the presents they receive them.I have been getting my birthday presents but none of which have been remarkable so far.My parents always give me books which is fine but ordinary.Then, on my seventeen birthday, I got the best present ever.There was a white envelope.I opened it and find a key and a note.“Happy birthday, my dear nephew！” was written on hand.It was from his Aunt Jess.I looked at the key more closely but I realized it was a car key.This was best present.I became the owner of my own car thanks to my generously aunt.‎ 答案：第一句：去掉them 第二句：which→them 第三句：is→are ‎ 第四句：seventeen→seventeenth ‎ 第六句：find→found 第七句：on→by 第八句：his→my 第九句：but→and 第十句：best前加the/my 第十一句：generously→generous