2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：专题一有提示词填空-第二讲-形容词和副词

2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：专题一有提示词填空-第二讲-形容词和副词

第二讲　形容词和副词 PartⅠ　真题变式体验 ‎1．[2015·四川高考]Andy is content with the toy. It is________ (good) he has ever got.‎ 答案：the best　根据句意可知，空格处用形容词的最高级，且最高级前须加定冠词the。‎ ‎2．[2015·浙江高考]Listening is thus an active; not a ________ behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.‎ 答案：passive　根据语义可知此处填active的反义词。句意：因此，听力是一种积极主动的，而非消极被动的行为，它包含听到、领会和记住。‎ ‎3．[2015·浙江高考]Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was ________ (former) alive.‎ 答案：formerly　根据结构可知此处填副词修饰形容词alive。句意：要是我们对食物的来源稍有了解，我们多数人就会明白，我们吃到嘴巴里的每一口食物都曾经是活生生的生命。‎ ‎4．[2014·大纲全国卷]Henry was away from home for quite a bit and ________ (rare) saw his family.‎ 答案：rarely'根据语境可知，由于离家很远，所以很少见到他的家人。修饰动词saw，故应用副词。‎ ‎5．[2014·湖南高考]We can choose our friends, but ________ (usual) we cannot choose our neighbors.‎ 答案：usually　修饰but后的分句，故填副词。‎ ‎6．[2014·大纲全国卷]Raymond's parents wanted him to have ________ (good) possible education.‎ 答案：the best'根据题干中的possible可推知设空处需用形容词的最高级，故答案为the best。‎ ‎7．[2014·湖北高考]Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ________ (sharp), “Don't be so mean，” pointing a finger of warning at her.‎ 答案：sharply'本处需用副词形式作said的状语，故填sharply。‎ ‎8．[2013·天津高考]I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time－there are ________ (much) meaningful things to do.‎ 答案：more　根据题意可以判断此处表示与看电视相比，有更多有意义的事情可做。故填much的比较级more。‎ ‎9．[2013·课标全国卷Ⅰ]It may not be a great suggestion. But before a ________ (good) one is put forward, we'll make do with it.‎ 答案：better　根据上句中“not a great suggestion”可知在一个更好的办法出现之前，应为比较级。‎ ‎10．[2013·安徽高考]It's said that the power plant is now ________ (two) as large as what it was.‎ 答案：twice　根据句式结构可以看出，此处考查“倍数表达法”，two的倍数表达为twice。‎ PartⅡ　语篇真题演练 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]‎ Yangshuo, China It was raining lightly when I __61__ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours __62__， I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with __63__ (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.‎ I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River __64__are pictured by artists in so many Chinese __65__(painting). Instead, I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away __66__ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.‎ ‎ Yangshuo__67__(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers __68__ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it __69__ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people __70__ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.,Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。‎ 本文讲述的是桂林的著名旅游景点阳朔。‎ Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。‎ ‎61．arrived。根据空格所在位置，此处填谓语，需考虑时态、语态及主谓一致。‎ ‎62．before/earlier。根据空格所在位置可知，此处考查副词，结合句子时态，确定答案。‎ ‎63．its。介词with后，名词前，可知此处填形容词性物主代词。‎ ‎64．that/which。空前空后均是句子，可知此处填连词，根据从句的位置判断从句类型，再按该从句的连词选择方法确定答案。‎ ‎65．paintings。空前many为关键信息。‎ ‎66．by。名词前句子与此空从结构上无关，故可知此处填介词，结合语义可知答案。‎ ‎67．is。根据空格位置可知此处填谓语，结合本段的时态以及语态和主谓一致确定答案。‎ ‎68．conducted。该句中已经有谓语“names”，可知此处应填非谓语。空格在名词后，可知此处考查非谓语作定语。该动词与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。‎ ‎69．regularly。根据空格位置及语义可知此处应填副词。‎ ‎70．living。空处与“people”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。‎ Step 3：代入验证。‎ 需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。‎ 知识清单 ‎(1)形容词作定语、表语、宾补等基本功能；(2)副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及句子；(3)形容词及副词的级别：原级、比较级及最高级；(4)与形容词副词相关的固定句式；(5)形容词及副词的特殊用法及几组副词的区别。‎ 学情分析 考生在形容词和副词的学习过程中存在着以下几点问题：(1)考生对形容词及副词的基本功能不熟悉；(2)在具体语境中，对形容词与副词的使用容易出现混淆；(3)分辨不清隐性条件，导致比较级或最高级使用错误；(4)不能准确熟练掌握形容词、副词的句式结构。‎ 考点一　形容词、副词的基本功能 ‎1形容词在句子中通常充当 ‎(1)定语：修饰名词或代词；(2)表语：位于系动词之后；(3)宾补：对宾语进行补充说明。‎ ‎[典例1]　[2015·浙江重点中学适应测试]Jane was so ________ (thirst) for the news of her lost child that she was almost driven ________ (madly)．‎ ‎[解析]　thirsty; mad　第一空在句中作表语，填形容词thirsty；第二空是“drive sb. mad”的变式，故空格在句中作补语，对主语进行补充说明，故填mad。‎ ‎[典例2]　[2015·宁夏银川中学期末]We need to learn to make use of this ________ (value) tool to communicate and display ourselves.‎ ‎[解析]　valuable　该空在句中作定语修饰名词tool，故填value的形容词valuable。‎ ‎2副词在句子中作状语，修饰动词，也可以修饰形容词、其他副词或整个句子。‎ ‎[典例3]　[2015·黑龙江大庆质检一]He jumped out of bed, pulled on some clothing, marched ________ (firm) up the stairs and walked into his neighbor's flat.‎ ‎[解析]　firmly　根据空格所在位置可知此处修饰动词marched，故填副词firmly。‎ ‎[典例4]　[2015·山西四校联考二]My parents always felt that I was a good child, but ________ (fortunate), it was not to be so.‎ ‎[解析]　unfortunately　根据but确定此处表示“不幸的是”，横线所填内容作状语，修饰整个句子，故填副词unfortunately。‎ 考点二　形容词、副词的级别　　‎ ‎1形容词/副词原级的用法 ‎ ‎ 类似用法的词：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[典例5]　[2015·陕西五校一模]What a bargain! The price of this dress is not half as much ________ that of the skirt.‎ ‎[解析]　as　本题考查“as＋adj.＋as”结构，故填as。‎ ‎2形容词和副词比较级的用法 ‎(1)A＋谓语＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B ‎(2)隐性条件下的比较级用法，即：在句中没有比较级标志性词than，而是通过语境来分辨是否用比较级。‎ ‎[典例6]　[2015·河南郑州质量预测一]Even ________ (early) than this, local Indians had told European travelers about a great city hidden in the trees.‎ ‎[解析]　earlier　根据“than”可知，此处考查副词early的比较级，故填earlier。‎ ‎[典例7]　[2015·吉林实验中学模拟二]You'd better write the report again by doing ________ (much) research and looking for figures.‎ ‎[解析]　more　此处说应再写报告，通过做研究并寻找数据。可知此处应为比较级，表示“更多”的研究，故填 more。‎ ‎3表示三者或三者以上的比较应用最高级，其结构为“主语＋谓语＋最高级＋范围”，通常最高级前有定冠词“the”。‎ ‎[典例8]　[2015·河北唐山一中期末]Well, actually I think it was ________ (good) I had ever had at school.‎ ‎[解析]　the best　根据“I had ever had at school”可知用最高级。‎ 考点三　形容词/副词相关句式 ‎1the＋形容词/副词比较级……，the＋形容词/副词比较级……‎ The more careful you are, the fewer mistake you will make.‎ 你越细心，所犯的错误就会越少。‎ ‎2the＋比较级＋of the two (＋名词)‎ The taller of the two boys is my brother.‎ 两个男孩中高个的是我弟弟。‎ ‎3否定词与比较级连用表示最高级 I have never spent a more worrying day since I graduated.‎ 自从我毕业以来，这是我度过的最担心的一天。‎ 注意：(1)类似用法的结构：can't...too＋adj./adv.＝can't...＋adj./adv.＋enough表示“无论……也不为过”。‎ ‎(2)英语中有些词没有比较级，但仍可表示比较级的意思，通常与介词to连用，不与than共同使用，如：senior, junior, superior, inferior等。‎ ‎[典例9]　[2015·四川南充市二诊]Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a ________ (good) boss.‎ ‎[解析]　better　此处考查“否定词与比较级”连用表最高级用法，故填better。意为：我不可能找一个更好的老板。‎ ‎4倍数表达法 倍数表达法的几种常见结构：‎ ‎(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B ‎(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B ‎(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋B ‎(4)A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B ‎(5)A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 长江是珠江的三倍长。(一句多译)‎ ‎①The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.‎ ‎②The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.‎ ‎③The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.‎ ‎④The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.‎ 考点四　其他特殊情况 ‎1修饰形容词/副词比较级的词 rather, much, still, even, far, by far (后置); a lot, a little, a great deal, a bit等。‎ ‎[典例10]　[2015·浙江重点中学适应检测]The college examination is rather easier this year than I have expected.‎ 翻译：____________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]　今年高考比我所预料的容易很多。‎ ‎2形容词作状语 形容词作状语通常对句子主语的属性或特征进行说明。‎ ‎[典例11]　[2015·安徽安庆一中四模]After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ________ (tire) but ________ (please)．‎ ‎[解析]　tired; pleased　本题考查形容词作状语的结构，表明“他们三人累并快乐着。”‎ ‎3“ed”及“ing”构成的形容词的区别 在英语中，表示“使人处于某种情绪、状态”的动词的现在分词及过去分词，均可转化为形容词来使用。现在分词转化成的形容词表“令别人处于……的情绪”，而过去分词转化成的形容词表示“自身有这种情绪状态”。常见的有：interest, surprise, satisfy, confuse,‎ ‎ excite, disappoint, puzzle等。‎ ‎[典例12]　[2015·陕西渭南一模]The poor girl appeared so ________—she must have seen something ________ on her way home. (frighten)‎ ‎[解析]　frightened; frightening　第一空说明小女孩自身害怕了，故填ed的形容词；第二空说明是令人恐惧的东西，故填ing的形容词。‎ ‎4几组形式不同的副词区别 例句：I deeply regret your misfortune.‎ I dug deep before I found water.‎ ‎5连接性副词 如：furthermore, otherwise, else, moreover, though, instead, however等。‎ ‎6of＋抽象名词＝抽象名词对应的形容词 NO.1解题步骤　　‎ ‎1.根据空格在句子中的功能和作用，来判断该题考查内容。‎ ‎2．根据考查内容链接相关语法点，并根据语境来确定答案。‎ NO.2 解题技巧　　‎ ‎1.注意形容词和副词的位置 ‎(1)名词前和系动词后一般要使用形容词；‎ ‎(2)动词前后、助动词后、形容词前、句首和句尾一般使用副词。‎ ‎[典例13]　[2015·甘肃兰州质检]Actually, only proper amount of homework in proper form is ________ (accept)．‎ ‎[解析]　acceptable　根据空格位置在系动词后可知填形容词(注意构词法)。‎ ‎[典例14]　[2015·广州深圳一调]He had a radio in his hand and was dancing ________ (merry) to the music.‎ ‎[解析]　merrily　根据空格位于动词之后，介词之前，可知此处填副词。‎ ‎2．判断和解答有关比较等级的题要注意以下几点：‎ ‎(1)as...as之间要用原级；‎ ‎(2)如果两者之间有than，或者没有than但上下文暗含了比较的意味时，要用比较级；‎ ‎(3)如果是三者或三者以上进行比较或者有in, of等介词短语表示比较范围，要用最高级；‎ ‎(4)比较级前可以有even, much, far, a great deal, a lot, a bit, a little, some, any等词语；‎ ‎(5)最高级前可以有the second, the very, much the, (by) far the, nearly the, almost the等词语。‎ ‎[典例15]　[2015·河南开封二模]Of all living things, human beings are the ________ (clever)．‎ ‎[解析]　cleverest/most clever　根据“Of all living things”可判断此处填最高级。‎ ‎[典例16]　[2015·广东省梅州一模]“Everyone is so much ________ (smart) than I am，” he thought.‎ ‎[解析]　smarter　根据后文的than以及much可知此处应使用形容词比较级。‎ 针对语法填空题，在学习形容词和副词时，要注意以下几点：‎ ‎1．准确掌握形容词及副词的词性转换规律以及比较级和最高级变化规则，保证拼写正确。‎ ‎2．熟练掌握形容词及副词在句中的基本功能，并有意识地观察其位置。‎ ‎3．牢固掌握形容词及副词的等级结构，确保结构准确无误。‎ ‎4．过渡性副词的使用不容忽视，其在语法填空中考查考生对语境的辨别能力。‎