2020届一轮复习外研版选修八Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse单元学案（59页）

2020届一轮复习外研版选修八Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse单元学案（59页）

‎2020届一轮复习外研版选修八Module 5 The Conquest of Universe单元学案 Section 1Introduction and Reading Ⅰ. Match the word with its meaning.‎ ‎1. leap A. 宇宙探测器，航天探测器 ‎2. joint B. 航天飞机 ‎3. probe C. 收看(电视)；收听(广播)‎ ‎4. accustomed D. 假定，假设 ‎5. shuttle E. 高级的，先进的 ‎6. historic F. 爆炸 ‎7. tune G. 耐心 ‎8. witness H. 目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历 ‎9. assume I. 共同的；联合的 ‎10. patience J. 历史性的，有重大历史意义的 ‎11. advanced K. 习惯的 ‎12. burst L. 飞跃，跳跃 答案：1～6　LIAKBJ　7～12　CHDGEF Ⅱ. Write down the meaning of phrases in each sentence.‎ ‎1. He has earned $1,000,000 so far.迄今为止 ‎2. You have to slow down your car at the crossing.减速 ‎3. Ever since he came back from Europe, he has been telling me what he saw there.自从 ‎4. He was long a famous musician, but he plays no longer.不再 ‎5. When I told them the truth, they were all in shock; they couldn't believe it.处于震惊中 ‎6. Madame Curie and her husband continued to work in spite of all the discomforts.不管 ‎7. No man has ever set foot on that rocky island; it's impossible to land there.‎ 踏上 ‎8. I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain, but he made it at last.做成，成功 ‎9. Most parents are not well aware of the danger of their babies' eating jelly, which causes most unfortunate incidents to happen.意识到 ‎10. After living there for one year, they have been accustomed to working there.习惯于 Look at the following pictures and say who they are.‎ ‎①________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎②________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎③________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎④________________________________________________________________________‎ 参考答案：①American Neil Armstrong is the first man to set foot on the moon.‎ ‎②Russian Yuri Gagarin is the first man in space.‎ ‎③Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut.‎ ‎④Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut.‎ Ⅰ.Fastreading Skim the text and match each part with its main idea.‎ ‎①Part 1　 A. The writer witnessed the exploration of the Challenger.‎ ‎②Part 2　 B. Human exploring the universe.‎ 答案：①～②　BA Ⅱ.Carefulreading Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.‎ ‎1. Why were people NOT enthusiastic about the space travel programme after the first moon landing?‎ A. It was meaningless.‎ B. It used space shuttles.‎ C. It cost the USA a lot of money.‎ D. There were fewer space travelers.‎ ‎2. Which of the following marked the beginning of a new space travel?‎ A. The Columbia's space travel.‎ B. The Viking 1's space travel.‎ C. The Apollo 11's space travel.‎ D. The Challenger's space travel.‎ ‎3. From Part 2 in the text, we can infer that ________.‎ A. we have achieved great success in space travel B. we still have a long way to go in space exploration C. people are not interested in space travel D. space travel should not include ordinary people 答案：1～3　CAB Ⅲ.Studyreading Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.‎ ‎1. All three astronauts made it safely back to Earth, using a spaceship computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by the average school students today. ‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。主句是All three astronauts made it safely back to Earth; using a spaceship computer ...是现在分词短语作状语，a spaceship computer后面是that引导的定语从句，其中used by the average school students today是过去分词短语作定语，修饰the ones。‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　三位宇航员安全返回地球，他们当年使用的宇宙飞船计算机远不及现在普通学生使用的计算机功能强大。‎ ‎2. When I heard, a few weeks later, that the bodies of the astronauts and even the teacher's lesson plans had been found at the bottom of the ocean, I was not so sure it was worth it at all. ‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　几周之后，当我听说那几位宇航员的遗体以及那位老师的教案在大洋底部被找到的时候，我不再肯定这一切是否值得。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　‎ 阅读理解 A Astronomers (天文学家) say they are on the point of finding planets like Earth orbiting other stars, which is a key step in determining if we are alone in the universe.‎ A top NASA official and other leading scientists say that within four or five years they should discover the first Earthlike planet where life could develop, or may have already. A planet close to the size of Earth could even be found sometime this year.‎ At the annual American Astronomical Society conference this week, each discovery involving socalled “exoplanets” — those outside our solar system — pointed to the same conclusion: Quiet planets like Earth where life could develop ‎ probably are plentiful.‎ NASA's new Kepler telescope and a lot of new research from the suddenly hot and competitive exoplanet field caused noticeable buzz at the meeting. Scientists are talking about being at “an incredible special place in history” and closer to answering a question that has dogged humanity since the beginning of civilization. “Are we alone? For the first time, there's an optimism that sometime in our lifetimes we're going to get_to_the_bottom_of that，” said Simon Worden, an astronomer who heads NASA's Ames Research Center. “If I were a betting man, which I am, I would bet we're not alone.”‎ ‎“These are big questions that reflect upon the meaning of the human race in the universe，” the director of the Vatican Observatory, the Rev. Jose Funes, said on Wednesday in an interview at this week's conference.‎ Worden told TheAssociatedPress: “I would certainly expect in the next four or five years we'd have an Earthsized planet in the habitable (可居住的) zone.”‎ 语篇解读：天文学家说，他们即将在其他恒星周围找到类似地球的行星，在那里生命可以形成，或者可能已经形成。到那时候就可以回答人类在宇宙中是否孤单这一问题了。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1. From the first two paragraphs we can learn ________.‎ A. astronomers has found planets like Earth orbiting other stars B. finding other stars is a key step in determining if we are alone C. it's possible that a planet like Earth will be found this year D. scientists say that life have developed on the first Earthlike planet 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知，一颗类似地球的行星可能在今年的某个时候被发现。故答案为C。‎ ‎2. According to the passage an exoplanet is a planet ________.‎ A. like Earth B. outside our solar system C. orbiting the sun D. where life have developed 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段“‘exoplanets’ — those outside our solar system”可得出答案。‎ ‎3. The underlined words “get to the bottom of” in Paragraph 4 probably mean ‎ ‎“________”. ‎ A. understand fully B. make full use of C. search for D. do more research on 解析：选A　词义猜测题。get to the bottom of“弄清真相，彻底弄明白”。句意：我们第一次有了乐观的看法，在我们的有生之年，我们将能弄清这个问题的真相。‎ ‎4. From the passage we can learn ________.‎ A. an Earthlike planet has been found B. it's been proved we are not alone in the universe C. Jose Funes has found the meaning of the human race in the universe D. the discovery of an Earthlike planet could happen in the near future 解析：选D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，天文学家们认为在不久的将来，他们将在其他恒星周围找到类似地球的行星，证明人类在宇宙中并不孤单。‎ B Elon Musk says Space X is developing a plan for trips to Mars (火星) that will eventually cost just $500,000 per seat. Musk founded Space X 10 years ago and space travel has always been one of his goals for the company. Few details were provided about the Martian voyage, but Musk did say we can expect to hear more about the plan in less than a year.‎ The price for a trip to Mars also highlights (突出) Musk's main effort behind Space X, to bring down the cost of delivering a human into space. In an interview with the BBC, Musk admitted that the first seats won't be selling for $500,000. It will take a while to get down to that price. But Musk says the halfmillion dollar ticket could happen a decade after trips begin. “Land on Mars, a roundtrip ticket — half a million dollars. It can be done，” he told the BBC.‎ Musk did say that one of the keys to lowcost trips to the red planet would be the ability to not only fuel there, but also to reuse the entire spaceship on the return trip. In the BBC interview Musk said by reusing the spaceship, you end up with the same sorts of costs airlines face. Musk compared it to flying today where a 747 isn't simply thrown away after a flight to London. Like the airplane, the cost of the spaceship could be spread out over many flights rather than just a single trip. The $500,000 price is around one percent of the cost NASA is now paying to send a person to the space station on a Russian rocket.‎ The talk of Martian travel came with Space X's most recent development news of its Dragon capsule. As the California company prepares to send a Dragon to the International Space Station next month, it completed the first crew trial with NASA. The event gave NASA astronauts a chance to test out the 7seat capsule that is being developed to carry human passengers as well as goods.语篇解读：“Space X”公司宣称，火星旅行开始后的十年内，一张往返票仅需50万美元。火星游客所乘坐的“龙”式太空舱现在正在研发和试验中。‎ ‎5. According to the passage, Elon Musk ________.‎ A. will go to Mars at the cost of $500,000‎ B. is the leader of the Space X company C. is an American astronaut from NASA D. will send people to Mars in less than a year 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，马斯克于十年前成立了“Space X”公司。故答案为B。‎ ‎6. What makes the trip to Mars at such a low cost possible?‎ A. Taking enough fuel.‎ B. Reusing the spaceship.‎ C. Using the airplane again.‎ D. Building the space station.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，通过反复使用飞船，它们就能像飞机一样，宇宙飞船的成本不是由单次飞行承担，而可以通过多次飞行被平摊。故答案为B。‎ ‎7. From the passage we can infer ________.‎ A. its Dragon capsule has taken the first passengers to Mars B. NASA pays $5,000,000 for Russia to take one astronaut into space C. the Dragon capsule is a spaceship made by NASA astronauts D. Space X will use a Dragon capsule for passengers to make a trip to Mars 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，“Space X”公司与NASA(美国国家航空航天局)合作完成了首次机组试验，这一事件为NASA宇航员提供了试验七座式太空舱的机会，这种七座式飞船仍处于研发中，以实现运送旅客和货物的目的。故答案为D。‎ ‎8. The main idea of the passage is ________.‎ A. the ticket to Mars will cost just $500,000‎ B. Space X is working together with NASA C. the Dragon capsule is a cheap spaceship D. the travel to Mars is becoming popular 解析：选A　主旨大意题。本文第一段第一句就点明了文章的主旨：马斯克称“Space X”公司正在开发火星旅行计划，每个座位最终会仅售50万美元。后面内容是对这一主旨的详细说明。故答案为A。‎ C ‎240 BC: Greek astronomer, geographer, mathematician and librarian Eratosthenes worked out the Earth's circumference (the distance around it). His data was rough, but he wasn't far off.‎ Eratosthenes was an allaround man. Some people then called him Pentathalos, a champion of many skills. His rich knowledge made him a natural for the post of librarian of the library of Alexandria, Egypt, the greatest repository of classical knowledge.‎ Eratosthenes knew that at noon on the day of the summer solstice, the sun was observed to be directly overhead at Syene (modernday Aswan): You could see it from the bottom of a deep well, and a sundial (日晷) left no shadow. Yet, to the north at Alexandria, a sundial left a shadow even at the solstice midday, because the sun was not directly overhead there. Therefore, the Earth must be round — already firmly believed by the astronomers of his day.‎ What's more, if one supposed the sun to be far away enough to be sending parallel (平行的) rays at Syene and Alexandria, it would be possible to figure out the Earth's circumference. Of course, his measurements were slightly off. And we don't know today the exact size of the measurement unit Eratosthenes was using when he came up with the final figure of 252,000 stades. So how big is 252,000 stades? It's somewhere between 24,663 and 27,967 miles. The accepted figure for circumference today is 24,902 miles. Pretty good for a guy without modern measurement tools.‎ Eratosthenes went further and worked out the extension of the year as 3651/4 days. He suggested that calendars should have a leap day every fourth year, an idea taken up two centuries later by Julius Caesar.‎ It was known long before Columbus that the Earth was round and even how big ‎ it is. But it was just not widely known among the masses in 15thcentury Europe. One reason is that Eratosthenes' own library of Alexandria had been destroyed, and there was no complete backup of its data.‎ 语篇解读：公元前240年，希腊天文学家、地理学家、数学家以及图书管理员埃拉托色尼测出了地球的周长。虽然他的数据只是近似，但也没差多少。但他的成就并不为大多数人所知。其中一个原因是他所工作的图书馆被摧毁，而他的计算数据也没有备份。‎ ‎9. Why did some people call him Pentathalos?‎ A. Because he was an astronomer and mathematician.‎ B. Because he worked out the Earth's circumference.‎ C. Because he was an expert in many skills.‎ D. Because he had rich knowledge as a librarian.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，埃拉托色尼是个全面发展的人，当时一些人称他为“Pentathalos”，意思是“在很多技能上都是第一的人”。解答此题的关键是对Pentathalos后的同位语“a champion of many skills”的正确理解。故答案为C。‎ ‎10. Where could the sun be seen from the bottom of a deep well at noon?‎ A. At Syene.‎ B. At Alexandria.‎ C. To the north of Aswan.‎ D. To the north of Alexandria.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，他知道在夏至的中午，西奈城(现在的阿斯旺)的太阳处在正上方：也就是说你可以从一口深井的底部看到太阳，日晷也不会有影子。故答案为A。‎ ‎11. From the fourth paragraph we can learn ________.‎ A. his measurements of the Earth's circumference were very exact B. stades are the measurement unit that Eratosthenes was using C. his figure for the Earth's circumference was 24,902 miles D. he used some modern measurement tools to draw a conclusion 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，我们现在也不知道他当时用的是什么计量单位，只知道他最后得出的数字是“252,000 stades”。由此可判断出“stades”是他当时使用的计量单位。共他选项与第四段内容不相符。故答案为B。‎ ‎12. Which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A. Eratosthenes was the most famous Greek astronomer in Egypt.‎ B. Eratosthenes and Julius Caesar lived at the same age.‎ C. Columbus knew the Earth was round long before Eratosthenes.‎ D. It's a pity that Eratosthenes' conclusion was not widely known then.‎ 解析：选D　判断正误题。根据最后一段可知，埃拉托色尼早在哥伦布之前就知道了地球是圆的。但在15世纪的欧洲，他的成就并不为大多数人所知。其中一个原因是他所工作的图书馆被摧毁，而他的计算数据也没有备份。由此可判断出答案为D。‎ Space: the Final Frontier Part 1‎ Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel. Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken. With Armstrong's now famous words: “That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”，a dream was achieved. All three astronauts made it safely back to Earth, using a spaceship computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by the average school students today.‎ There were several more journeys into space over the next few years but the single spaceships were very expensive as they could not take off more than once. People were no longer so enthusiastic about a space travel programme that was costing the United States $10 million a day. That was until the arrival of the space shuttle — a spacecraft that could be used for several journeys. The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbia — launched from the Kennedy Space Centre on 12th April, 1981. The aim of this flight was to test the new shuttle system, to go safely up into orbit and to return to the Earth for a safe landing. It was a success and a little more than a decade after Apollo 11's historic voyage, the Columbia made a safe, controlled, aeroplanestyle landing in California. This was the start of a new age of space travel.‎ By the time the Challenger took off in 1986, the world seemed to have lost its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into space. But this was going to be a special flight and so millions of people tuned in to witness the takeoff on TV. An ordinary teacher, Christa McAuliffe, 37, who was married with two children, was to be the first civilian in space. She was going to give two fifteenminute lessons from space. The first was to show the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked. The second was to describe the aims of the Challenger space programme. Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and create new interest in the space programme.‎ Sadly, she never came back to her classroom again, as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida and all seven astronauts were killed.‎ The world was in shock — maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane. But how wrong they were — in one moment excitement and success turned into fear and disaster. It was the worst space accident ever. As one Russian said at the time, “When something like this happens we are neither Russians nor Americans. We are just human beings who have the same feelings.”‎ Part 2‎ I can remember that day so clearly, watching the takeoff on TV at school. There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger, and we were all very excited. We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch. We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle. Then, little more than a minute after takeoff, we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky, followed by a cloud of white smoke. The Challenger had exploded in midair and we all started screaming.‎ It happened so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock. Like every schoolboy I had thought that going into space as an astronaut must be the best job in the world. When I heard, a few weeks later, that the bodies of the astronauts and even the teacher's lesson plans had been found at the bottom of the ocean, I was not so sure it was worth it at all. In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.‎ 太空：最后的(未开发)领域 第一部分 自从尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，因为他们十分清楚这次是多么艰难、多么危险，以及要冒多么大的风险。伴随着阿姆斯特朗这句如今已经非常有名的话：“那是个人的一小步，但却是整个人类的一大步”，一个梦想终于实现了。三位宇航员安全地返回了地球，他们当年使用的宇宙飞船计算机远不及现在普通学生使用的计算机功能强大。‎ 在接下来的几年里，又有几艘宇宙飞船进入太空，但是单程宇宙飞船非常昂贵，因为它们只能被使用一次。人们对每天要花掉美国1 000万美元的太空旅行计划不再那么热衷了。这种情况一直持续到航天飞机的出现——那是一种可以被用来进行多次旅行的航天器。第一架到达太空的航天飞机是“哥伦比亚”号——于1981年4月12日发射于肯尼迪航天中心。这次航行的目的是测试这种新的飞行器，看其是否能够安全进入轨道、返回地球并且安全着陆。距离“阿波罗11号”历史性的航行仅仅十年多的时间，这次航行取得了成功，“哥伦比亚”号在控制下以飞机着陆的方式安全地返回了加利福尼亚。这次飞行开辟了太空旅行的新纪元。‎ 到1986年“挑战者”号起飞之前，人们似乎已经沉醉于人类走进太空这一巨大的成就而忘记了恐惧，也失去了好奇心。但这次却将是一次特殊的飞行，数百万人打开电视来亲眼目睹这次起飞。一位37岁的普通教师克里斯塔·麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的普通公民，她已经结婚并有两个孩子。她将在太空中上两节15分钟的课。第一节课将展示怎么操纵航天器并且解释重力如何作用。第二节课将描述“挑战者”号太空计划的目的。克里斯塔希望能激起人们的兴奋感并且重新唤起人们对于太空计划的兴趣。‎ 可悲的是，她再也没有回到她的课堂，航天飞机在佛罗里达起飞一分多钟后就爆炸了，7名宇航员全部遇难。‎ 全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。但是他们都大错特错了——一刹那间，兴奋和成功就变成了恐惧和灾难。这是有史以来最为严重的太空事故。正如当时一位苏联人所说：“当这样的事情发生的时候，我们不再有美国人或者苏联人之分。我们都只是有相同感觉的人类。”‎ 第二部分 我清楚地记得那天在学校通过电视观看“挑战者”号起飞的情景。有位普通的老师在“挑战者”号上，我们都很兴奋。我们迫不及待地等着它起飞。当宇航员进入航天飞机的时候，我们看见他们满脸笑容地向人们挥手致意。然后，就在起飞一分多钟后，我们看到了空中一道奇怪的橘红色的光，接着就是一团白烟。“挑战者”号在半空爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫起来。‎ 事情发生得太突然了，人们都惊呆了。和其他男生一样，我本以为当一名宇航员进入太空是世界上最好的工作。几个星期后，当我听说那几位宇航员的遗体甚至那位老师的教案在大洋底部被找到的时候，我不再那么肯定这一切是否值得。即便我们掌握了现在的全部先进技术，这个世界依然只是处于太空旅行的起步阶段。‎ Section 2Language points学案设计 ‎ 　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1. A witness (目击者) is a person who sees what happens with his or her eyes on the spot.‎ ‎2. People here are not going to take a leap (跳跃) in the dark.‎ ‎3. Jackie and Ben came to a joint (共同的) decision as to where they would live.‎ ‎4. Hearing that his son died in the fight, he burst (爆发) into tears.‎ ‎5. A small colour television was tuned (收看) in to an afternoon soap opera just now.‎ Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1. accustomedadj.习惯的→accustomv. 使习惯于 ‎2. historicadj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的→historicaladj.有关历史的→historyn. 历史 ‎3. assumev. 假定，假设→assumptionn. 假想 ‎4. patiencen. 耐心→patientadj.耐心的 ‎5. advancedadj.高级的，先进的→advancev. 前进 ‎[巧记单词]‎ 词根 词形变化 构词点拨 accustom accustomed 动词＋ed构成形容词 assume assumption 动词去e加ption构成名词 Ⅲ.补全短语 ‎1. set foot on　　　　踏上 ‎2. slow down减速 ‎3. be/become accustomed to习惯于 ‎4. be aware of意识到 ‎5. make it做成，成功 ‎6. in shock 处在震惊中 ‎7. in spite of不管，尽管 ‎8. at the very beginning of ... 在……一开始的时候 ‎ ‎ ‎1. [教材原句]American Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to set foot on the ‎ moon. ‎ 美国人尼尔•阿姆斯特朗是登上月球的第一人。‎ ‎[句型点拨]the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式(作定语)。‎ ‎[佳句赏析]他的下个月要出版的第一本书基于一件真事。‎ His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.‎ ‎2. [教材原句]Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken.‎ 数以百万计的人们在电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，因为他们十分清楚它是多么艰难、多么危险，也知道要冒多么大的风险。‎ ‎[句型点拨]独立主格结构。‎ ‎[佳句赏析]他进入了房间，鼻子冻得通红。‎ He entered the room, his nose bright red with cold.‎ ‎3. [教材原句]The world was in shock — maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.‎ 全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。‎ ‎[句型点拨]no＋比较级＋than“同……一样不”。‎ ‎[佳句赏析]他与她一样不聪明。‎ He is no clever than her.‎ ‎1. American Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to set foot on the moon.(P57)‎ 美国人尼尔•阿姆斯特朗是登上月球的第一人。‎ ‎★the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式(作定语)，当序数词或形容词最高级修饰名词(代词)时，常用不定式作定语。‎ ‎①Wool was probably the second woven material to be used for clothes.‎ 羊毛大概是第二种用来做衣服的纺织材料。‎ ‎②I don't think Henry is the best man to_do (do) the job.‎ 我认为亨利不是做这项工作的最佳人选。‎ 不定式作定语还常用于以下情况：‎ ‎(1)由only, last, next 等修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。‎ ‎(2)当被修饰的名词(代词)是ability, anything, attempt, chance, decision, desire, plan, need, intention, reason, right, something, time, way, wish 等词时，常用不定式作定语。‎ ‎③I'm hungry. Do you have anything to_eat (eat)?‎ 我饿了，你有吃的吗？‎ ‎④After the war, they couldn't resist the desire to_return (return) home.‎ 战后，他们抑制不住回家的渴望。‎ ‎2. Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel. (P58) ‎ 自从尼尔•阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。‎ ‎★accustomed adj.习惯的 ‎①He was not accustomed to political or philosophical discussions.‎ 他不习惯政治或哲学讨论。‎ be accustomed to＝be used to　　习惯于(to是介词)‎ accustom v. 使习惯于 accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己习惯(做)某事 ‎②She was a person accustomed to having eight hours' sleep a night.‎ 她是一个习惯每晚睡八小时的人。‎ ‎③It took him a while to accustom_himself_to_Chinese dishes.‎ 他过了一段时间才习惯了中国菜。‎ ‎3. Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken. (P58)‎ 数以百万计的人们在电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，因为他们十分清楚它是多么艰难、多么危险，也知道要冒多么大的风险。‎ ‎★their hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语。独立主格结构在形式上不是一个完整的句子，但在语意上相当于一个句子。‎ ‎①The hunter entered the forest, gun in hand.‎ 那位猎人手里提着枪走进了森林。‎ 独立主格结构的构成 (1)名词/代词＋形容词/副词 (2)名词/代词＋分词/不定式 (3)名词/代词＋介词(短语) (4)名词/代词＋名词 ‎②Nobody_in,_the thief took a lot of things away.‎ 由于没有人在家，小偷偷走了许多东西。‎ ‎③The boy stood there, his_right_hand_raised.‎ 那个男孩站在那里，右手高举。‎ ‎4. But this was going to be a special flight and so millions of people tuned in to witness the takeoff on TV.(P58)‎ 但是这次却将是一次特殊的飞行，因此数百万人打开了电视来一睹这次起飞。‎ ‎★witness v. 目击：亲眼看见；亲身经历n.目击者，见证人，证人 ‎①The witness was telling about the whole accident.‎ 目击者正在讲述整个事故的过程。‎ ‎(1)witness to sth./doing sth.　　为(做)某事作证 ‎(2)be (a) witness to 目睹，能证明 bear/give witness to 为……作证 ‎②He witnessed_to_having_seen the man enter the building. ‎ 他作证看到那个男人进入这栋建筑。‎ ‎③His good health is witness to the success of the treatment.‎ 他健康的身体证明这种疗法是成功的。‎ ‎[名师点津]　除了可以用人作主语外，witness还可以用时间或地点作主语，意思为“是……发生的时间或地点；见证”，有此用法的动词还有see。‎ ‎④The last half of the nineteenth century witnessed/saw the steady improvement in the means of travel. ‎ 十九世纪下半世纪见证了旅行方式的稳定改善。‎ ‎5. The world was in shock — maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.(P58)‎ 全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为乘坐这次太空飞机跟普通飞机一样没什么危险。‎ ‎★assume v. 假定，假设；承担，担任；呈现 ‎①I will assume responsibility for it.‎ 我愿为此承担责任。‎ ‎(1)assume that ...　假定，认为……‎ assume ... to be ... 认为……如何；假定……如何 ‎(2)assuming conj. 假如 assuming (that) ... 假设……‎ ‎(3)assumption n. 假想 ‎②We must assume him to_be_innocent until he is proved guilty.‎ 尚未证实他有罪，我们就得假定他是清白的。‎ ‎③Assuming_(that) it is true, what should we do next?‎ 假定那是真的，我们下一步该怎么办？‎ ‎[联想发散]　assuming (that) ...相当于一个表示“假设”的条件状语从句。类似的词还有provided,_providing,_supposing等。‎ ‎6. We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch.(P59)‎ 我们急不可待地等待着发射。‎ ‎★patience n. 耐心 ‎①Teaching children with special needs requires patience and understanding.‎ 教育有特殊需要的儿童需要耐心和理解。‎ ‎(1)be out of patience with ...对……忍无可忍 have no patience with 对……不能容忍，对……没有耐性 have the patience to do ... 有耐心做……‎ lose patience with 对……失去耐心 with patience 耐心地 ‎(2)patient adj. 有耐心的 ‎ be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 be patient of sth. 忍耐某事 ‎②Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with_patience. ‎ 每当我犯错误，老师都是耐心地指出来。‎ ‎③People have lost_patience_with the slow pace of the reform.‎ 人们对改革的缓慢速度已经失去了耐心。‎ ‎7. In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.(P59)‎ 尽管我们有先进的技术，但世界仍然只是处在探索太空的初始阶段。‎ ‎★in spite of不管，尽管 ‎①In spite of his age, he still leads an busy life.‎ 尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。‎ in spite of＝despite(＋n./pron./v.ing 形式)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　尽管，不管 despite/in spite of the fact that 尽管 ‎②Despite their objections, I will do it just the same.‎ 尽管他们反对，我照样要做。‎ ‎③In_spite_of/Despite_the_fact_that_he has failed the exam, he will never give up.‎ 尽管他考试没有及格，但他不会气馁的。‎ ‎[名师点津]　in spite of相当于despite(较正式)，表示“不管，尽管”，侧重指客观情况；regardless of表示“不管，不顾”，侧重于主观上的“不考虑”‎ ‎[联想发散]　“in＋n.＋of”构成的词组常见的还有：‎ ‎①in case of　　　如果，假使 ‎②in terms of 谈及，在……方面 ‎ ‎③in charge of 负责，掌管 ‎ ‎④in favour of 支持，赞同 ‎ ‎⑤in honor of 为向……表示敬意 ‎ ‎⑥in place of 代替 ‎ ‎⑦in view of 鉴于，考虑到 ‎ ‎⑧in search of 寻找 ‎★advanced adj.高级的；先进的 ‎④The government is promoting the advanced education.‎ 政府正在推进高等教育。‎ ‎(1)advance v. 　　推动，促进；提前 ‎ 　　　n. 前进，进展，进步 in advance 提前，预先 in advance of (发展上)超前 ‎(2)advancement n. 推动，促进；提升，晋升 ‎⑤The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Wednesday.‎ 会议日期已从星期五提前到星期三。‎ ‎⑥Science has made great advances during the last fifty years.‎ 科学在过去五十年内有很大的进步。‎ ‎⑦It's unwise to spend your income in_advance.‎ 把你的收入预先花掉是不明智的。‎ ‎8. to burst with a lot of force and loud noise (P59)‎ 伴随着强大的威力和巨响爆炸 ‎★burst v. 爆炸，破裂n.爆炸；爆发 ‎①If you blow that balloon up any more, it will burst.‎ 如果你再吹那气球，它就要破了。‎ ‎②There was a burst of laughter in the next room.‎ 隔壁房间里突然一阵笑声。‎ burst in　　　　　突然进入(房间等)‎ ‎ ‎ burst out doing 突然做某事 ‎③The door opened and Mrs.Page burst_into the room.‎ 门开了，佩奇太太冲进了房间。‎ ‎④Everyone burst_out_laughing_while the little boy burst_into_tears.‎ 大家突然大笑起来，但小男孩却哭了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1. I have become accustomed (accustom) to my husband's long absence since he joined the army.‎ ‎2. There are so many historic (history) sites in Beijing that a large number of tourists come to Beijing to visit them every year.‎ ‎3. You must have a lot of patience (patient) when dealing with your kids.‎ ‎4. Without training or advanced (advance) technical skills, they'll be likely to lose their jobs.‎ ‎5. Instructions on how to use this dictionary can be found at the very beginning of it.‎ ‎6. After two hours' delay, the plane began to take off.‎ ‎7. They had_begun (begin) to plant trees by the time we arrived at the destination.‎ ‎8. The cars slowed down as they passed Customs.‎ ‎9. The second country to_send (send) a man into space was America.‎ ‎10. The little boy stood outside the supermarket, eyes _fixed (fix) on the toys.‎ ‎11. Hearing our headmaster was injured, we were in shock.‎ ‎12. Ever since they set foot on America, they have_been_enjoying (enjoy) natural scenery.‎ ‎13. Most smokers are perfectly aware of the danger of smoking.‎ ‎14. One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.‎ ‎15. The audience burst into cheers when the film star appeared.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1. 他同我一样根本不适合当牧师。‎ He is no_more_fit to be a priest than I am.‎ ‎2. 又惊又喜地，记者离开了。‎ The journalist went off, surprised_and_happy.‎ ‎3. 很多人不习惯没有手机的生活。‎ Many people are_not_accustomed_to living without mobile phones.‎ ‎4. 在这一学期的一开始，他就对足球表现出极大的兴趣。‎ At_the_very_beginning_of this term, he showed great interest in football.‎ ‎5. 我们假定这种理论是正确的。‎ We assumed_the_theory_to_be correct.‎ Ⅲ.一句多译 ‎1. 尽管一再保证产品是安全的，许多人仍不愿意购买。‎ ‎①Despite repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people aren't willing to buy it.‎ ‎②In_spite_of repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people aren't willing to buy it.‎ ‎2. 我们组织一项活动旨在帮助人们意识到保护环境的重要性。‎ ‎①We organized an activity to_make_people_realize the importance of protecting the environment.‎ ‎②We organized an activity to_make_people_aware_of the importance of protecting the environment.‎ Ⅳ.课文缩写语法填空 Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the moon back on 21st July, 1969, people 1.have_become (become) accustomed to the idea of space travel.Millions of people watched that first moon 2.landing (land) on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to 3.be_taken (take). With his famous words：“That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”，a dream 4.was_achieved (achieve). ‎ Later, people were no longer enthusiastic 5.about a space travel programme because of its high cost.The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbia — 6.launched (launch) from the Kennedy Space Centre on 12th April, 1981, 7.which was the start of a new age of space travel.In 1986, the Challenger carrying the first civilian, Christa, who hoped communicate a sense of 8.excitement (excite) and create new interest in the space programme, exploited just over one minute after taking off in Florida and all seven astronauts 9.were_killed (kill). The space disaster makes us feel that we are neither Russians nor Americans.We are just human beings who have 10.the same feelings.‎ Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式 ‎1. As the economy develops, the natural income goes up with a leap (飞跃). ‎ ‎2. These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint (联合的) venture.‎ ‎3. The word “explode” means “to burst (爆炸) with a lot of force and loud noise”. ‎ ‎4. Will you act as witness (见证人) to the agreement between us?‎ ‎5. Over 3 million viewers tune (收看) in to our show daily.‎ ‎6. He is familiar with all the important historic (history) events.‎ ‎7. The ancient Egyptians had advanced (advance) civilizations.‎ ‎8. After waiting for an hour, I was beginning to run out of patience (patient). ‎ ‎9. Not accustomed (accustom) to associating with business people, she decided to be a teacher after graduation.‎ ‎10. How could you make an assumption (assume) about her without meeting her?‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 at the very beginning of， set foot on， be accustomed to， ever since， in shock， be aware of， in spite of， make it ‎1. I haven't heard from him ever_since last year.‎ ‎2. Everybody is_aware_of the importance of the skill.‎ ‎3. They elected him monitor at_the_very_beginning_of the term.‎ ‎4. He remains excellent in his studies at school in_spite_of having to do parttime jobs every now and then.‎ ‎5. Since entry into high school the students have been_accustomed_to staying up late in the evening and getting up early in the morning.‎ ‎6. Work hard, and you'll make_it eventually.‎ ‎7. He was still in_shock from what had happened earlier in the afternoon.‎ ‎8. Nobody has ever set_foot_on that island.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1. 他们无视所有那些危险告示牌，还是去游泳了。‎ They went swimming in_spite_of all the danger signs.‎ ‎2. 他没敲门就闯进了会议室。‎ He burst_into the meeting room without knocking.‎ ‎3. 外面太亮了，所以过了一段时间我们的眼睛才习惯屋里的黑暗。‎ It's so bright outside, so it took our eyes some time to_become_accustomed_to the dark in the house.‎ ‎4. 老师知道你总是第一个来教室的人。‎ The teacher knows that you are always the first_to_come_to the classroom.‎ ‎5. 天气允许的话，今天下午我们将去拜访我们的老师。‎ Weather_permitting,_we'll go to visit our teacher this afternoon.‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 A Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.‎ Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup (基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.‎ Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.‎ Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spinoffs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even nonstick pans and mirrored sunglasses are byproducts (副产品) of technological developments in the space industry!‎ While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human beings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.‎ While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of ‎ humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论说明文。太空探索可以帮助我们很多：减少危险、发现潜在能源和资源等。‎ ‎1. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph 1?‎ A. To express his doubts.‎ B. To compare different ideas.‎ C. To introduce points for discussion.‎ D. To describe the conditions on Earth.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者提出一系列关于太空探索利弊的问题，这些问题旨在引发讨论和引出文章主题，并不是真的有这些怀疑，也没有鲜明的正反观点。故选C。‎ ‎2. The underlined word “spinoffs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to “________”. ‎ A. survival chances B. potential resources C. unexpected benefits D. physical possessions 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第四段的spinoffs所在的句子中的关键词benefited以及including后面说的全是获得的利益，如improvements in earthquake prediction等可知，spinoff表示“好处，益处”，故选C。‎ ‎3. What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?‎ A. Our genetic makeup.‎ B. Resources on Earth.‎ C. The adaptive ability of humans.‎ D. Byproducts in space exploration.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets.”可知，人类的适应能力会使我们在其他星球上居住成为可能。故选C。‎ ‎4. Which of the statements can best sum up the passage?‎ A. Space exploration has created many wonders.‎ B. Space exploration provided the best value for money.‎ C. Space exploration can benefit science and technology.‎ D. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.‎ 解析：选D　主旨大意题。文章一、二段属于引文，三、四段从不同方面论述太空探索可以帮助我们避免地球上潜在的问题，这与D项“help us avoid”相符，故选D。‎ B The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.‎ First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer. “I'm an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a sixmonth tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”‎ On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American ‎ astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it's just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbondioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around your head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbondioxide headache.‎ Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat. “Your inner ear thinks you're falling. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight. That can be annoying — that's why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days — truly terrible days for some — astronauts' brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.‎ Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That's why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy. NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a roundtrip to Mars.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在太空中的生活有多神秘？这可能是你想象不到的。本文从不同角度介绍了在太空中生活时你要面对的各种挑战。‎ ‎5. What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?‎ A. Deciding on a proper sleep position.‎ B. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.‎ C. Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.‎ D. Finding a right time to go to sleep.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Its position presents its own challenges.”可知合适的睡觉姿势对于太空中的宇航员是主要的挑战。‎ ‎6. The astronauts will suffer from a carbondioxide headache when ________.‎ A. they circle around on their bikes B. they use microcomputers without a stop C. they exercise in one place for a long time D. they watch a movie while pedaling 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后三句可知在一个地方时间太长就会引起头疼。‎ ‎7. Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because ________.‎ A. their senses stop working B. they have to stand up straight C. they float out of their seats unexpectedly D. their brains receive contradictory messages 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段“Your inner ear thinks you're falling. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight. That can be annoying ‎ — that's why some people feel sick.”可以推知他们的大脑接受相反的信息引起他们的恶心。‎ ‎8. One of NASA's major concerns about astronauts is ________.‎ A. how much exercise they do on the station B. how they can remain healthy for long in space C. whether they can recover after returning home D. whether they are able to go back to the station 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知NASA关心他们如何在太空中长时间保持健康。‎ Ⅴ.任务型阅读 Evaluating Sources (来源) of Health Information Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 1.________‎ Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study. 2.________‎ Watch for misleading language.Some studies will find that a behavior“contributes to” or is “associated with”an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.3.________ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.‎ Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 4.________ Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery (江湖骗术). ‎ ‎5. ________ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.‎ Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.‎ A. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author's point of view.‎ B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.‎ C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.‎ D. And examine the findings of the original research.‎ E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.‎ F. Make choices that are right for you.‎ G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.‎ 答案：1～5　GDABF Ⅵ.课时微写作(根据汉语提示完成小作文)‎ At_the_very_beginning_of (在……一开始时) the 1950s, China set_out_to_explore (着手探索) space.In 2008 when millions of people tuned_in_to_witness (收看节目来见证) Chinese first spacewalk, they burst_into_cheers (突然欢呼起来). It was ‎ acknowledged as a_historic_event (历史事件), which was a_big_leap (一次大的飞跃) in the history of space exploration in China.At the same time, China began its lunar exploration program and China made_it (做到). In_spite_of (尽管) our great achievements, we ought to be modest and work harder.‎ Section 3Integrating skills阅读学案设计 Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式 ‎1. She ________ (发誓) that she'd never seen him.‎ ‎2. No one could have ________ (预见) that things would turn out this way.‎ ‎3. Warnings about the danger of smoking seem to have no ________ (影响) on teens.‎ ‎4. How dare you ________ (指责) me of lying?‎ ‎5. China has made a breakthrough in many fields in the past ________ (几十年). ‎ ‎6. Her ________ (devote) to the job left her with very little free time.‎ ‎7. What you say now is not ________ (consist) with what you said last week.‎ ‎8. To my ________ (relieve), the difficulties were all overcome.‎ ‎9. I have a lot of ________ (sympathize) for her; she has to bring up the children on her own.‎ ‎10. He is my ________ (faith) friend who can share happiness and sorrow with me.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 set out， set aside， depend on， pray for， accuse ... of， be similar to， a series of， set in motion， be consistent with， other than ‎1. She gave ____________ lectures about how to become a professional interpreter last year.‎ ‎2. Hardly had we got to the destination when we __________________ to fulfill the tasks with great enthusiasm.‎ ‎3. We're ____________ good weather for tomorrow's sports meeting.‎ ‎4. Every day I ____________ a few hours to help my daughter with her homework.‎ ‎5. The machine had been ____________ before we arrived at the factory.‎ ‎6. The dress you are wearing ____________ the one that I bought last year.‎ ‎7. The little boy was ____________ stealing something to eat from the shop.‎ ‎8. The recent study has shown that people's attitudes towards protecting the environment ________ not ________ their behavior in daily life.‎ ‎9. In China, children, even in their twenties ____________ their parents for food and clothing.‎ ‎10. You can't go there ____________ by swimming.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1. 他是公认的全国最优秀的诗人。‎ He ________________ the finest poet in the country.‎ ‎2. 青少年指责他们的父母误导他们。‎ The teens ________________ misleading them.‎ ‎3. 关于这件事，我得向经理请示一下。‎ I have to ________________ the matter.‎ ‎4. 虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买它，因为它太贵了。‎ ‎________________， I won't buy it, for it's too expensive.‎ ‎5. 那一事件引出一连串谁都没有料到的事。‎ The incident sparked off ________________ events that nobody had foreseen.‎ Ⅳ.完形填空 ‎ ‎ For thousands of millions of years the moon has been going round the earth. During this time, the moon has been the __1__ satellite of the earth. Today, __2__， the earth has many other satellites all __3__ by man. These manmade satellites are very much smaller than the moon. However, some of them will still be going __4__ the earth thousands of years from now.‎ Manmade satellites do not __5__ because they are going too fast to do so. As they speed along, they __6__ to go straight off into space. They __7__ out of the earth, or its gravity, which __8__ them from doing this. As a result, they travel in an orbit round the earth.‎ If a manmade satellite travels about at a certain height, it can keep going __9__ round the earth, just like the moon. This is __10__ it is above the atmosphere, and there is nothing to __11__ it down. If it travels __12__ than that, it will be slowed down so much that it will __13__ the earth.‎ Men have __14__ spaceships to the moon and to the two __15__ planets: Mars (火星) and Venus (金星). By putting a camera on __16__ the spaceship to the moon, men have been able to __17__ photographs of the other side of the moon. This side is always __18__ from us as the moon circles the earth. The __19__ are later transmitted by radio to the earth. They showed that the other side of the __20__ is very much the same as the side that turns towards us.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1. A.biggest B. brightest C. last D. only ‎2. A.besides B. however C. though D. therefore ‎3. A.assumed B. discovered C. made D. foresaw ‎4. A.through B. round C. behind D. after ‎5. A.fall B. rise C. burst D. pause ‎6. A.decide B. wish C. plan D. tend ‎7. A.pull B. reach C. bring D. launch ‎8. A.protects B. prevents C. keeps D. discourages ‎9. A.in and out B. on and on C. to and fro D. up and down ‎10. A.because B. how C. where D. when ‎11. A.hand B. pass C. slow D. bring ‎12. A.higher B. longer C. farther D. lower ‎13. A.search for B. fall to C. go after D. knock at ‎14. A.witnessed B. offered C. launched D. drove ‎15. A.nearest B. smallest C. biggest D. farthest ‎16. A.board B. average C. earth D. end ‎17. A.avenge B. film C. catch D. take ‎18. A.holy B. hidden C. different D. stable ‎19. A.rocks B. speeches C. sounds D. photos ‎20. A.moon B. earth C. spaceship D. space Ⅴ.阅读理解 A Three Chinese astronauts returned to Earth on Friday (June 29) after 13 days in space on a historic task that made their country only the third nation ever to successfully link a manned spacecraft to another in space.‎ China's Shenzhou Ⅸ space capsule landed about 10 am Friday, June 29 in Inner Mongolia. Their landing was broadcast live on China's CCTV television network.‎ ‎“We finished the first manned manual linking，” Jing Haipeng told CCTV reporters after exiting the Shenzhou Ⅸ capsule. His comments in Chinese were translated into English by CCTV. “For the country and people all across the country, thank you for your concerns.”‎ ‎“Chinese astronauts have their own home in space now，” Jing told China's President Hu Jintao on Tuesday (June 26) during a special call according to the staterun Xinhua News Agency. “We are proud of our country！”‎ And while the orbital linkups are important technological achievements for China, the task also carried a wider social influence because it included the country's first female astronaut: the 33yearold Liu Yang. “It was like a home in Tiangong 1, and I feel very happy and proud of my country，” Liu Yang told reporters after landing.‎ Jing, the commander, is China's first astronaut to fly in space twice. The third member, Liu Wang, served as the Shenzhou Ⅸ linking pilot. “It feels really good to feel the ground and to be back home，” Liu Wang said.‎ The Shenzhou Ⅸ task, as well as experiments performed aboard Tiangong 1 throughout the flight, tested technologies that will help China reach its goal of building a 60ton space station in space by 2020. “The data will help us improve ‎ technologies for astronauts' future, longterm stays in a space station，” said Chen Shanguang, chief commander of the astronaut system.‎ Tiangong 1 was launched into orbit in September 2011. In November, a robotic spacecraft, called Shenzhou Ⅷ， completed the country's first unmanned space linking. According to Chinese officials, Tiangong 1 has performed well, and could play host to new astronauts in the near future.‎ ‎“Based on current conditions, the service of Tiangong 1 can be extended，” said He Yu, chief commander of the Shenzhou Ⅸ spacecraft, reported Xinhua. “It has used less than onefourth of its fuel and no backup systems have been used.”‎ ‎1. What is the main task of three Chinese astronauts in space?‎ A. To return to Earth safely.‎ B. To link Shenzhou Ⅸ to Tiangong 1.‎ C. To build a new home in space.‎ D. To broadcast the landing alive.‎ ‎2. From the passage we can learn Jing Haipeng ________.‎ A. made a special telephone in space B. speaks English very well C. will go into space for a third time D. is the Shenzhou Ⅸ linking pilot ‎3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. China's Shenzhou Ⅸ space capsule will return to space by 2020.‎ B. The three astronauts performed important experiments in Tiangong 1.‎ C. China's 60ton space station has been built in space now.‎ D. Tiangong 1 has been in space for three years.‎ ‎4. What is the best title for the passage?‎ A. Chinese astronauts return home after a historic task B. A Chinese female astronaut goes into space C. The orbital linkups are important achievements D. Tiangong 1 goes well in space B I would like to talk to you about space vegetables, and to show you that space vegetables are healthy and good for you.‎ Space vegetables are grown from seeds that have been taken to and brought back from outer space. The seeds are affected by the radiation (辐射) and low gravity in outer space. When they are brought back to Earth, these seeds produce vegetables that are bigger, healthier and more nutritious (有营养的) than normal vegetables. However, some people worry about eating space vegetables. They think that space vegetables might not be good for us and could give us cancer as a result of their exposure (暴露) to radiation in space. People should not be scared, as space vegetables are actually perfectly healthy.‎ Here are some facts that you should know about space vegetables：‎ Space vegetables are grown from seeds that are carefully selected. When seeds are brought back from space, they are tested to make sure that the vegetables they grow will be safe to eat. There are no traces (痕迹) of radiation after testing.‎ Space vegetables are better for you than normal vegetables. For example, space tomatoes stay fresh for twenty days, which is one week longer than normal tomatoes. Another popular space vegetable is the peppers. Space peppers contain 20 percent more vitamin C than normal peppers.‎ After modified (转基因) foods came onto the market, people worried that they were eating unknown things. For example, if nut genes are put inside potatoes, people allergic (过敏的) to nuts might get very sick from eating these potatoes because they do not know they are also eating nuts. Unlike genetically modified foods, space vegetables have not been genetically changed. This means that no new genes are put into the vegetables. Therefore, they won't damage your health.‎ ‎5. What's the best title of the passage?‎ A. Space Vegetables B. Space Exploration C. Healthy Vegetables D. Modified Foods ‎6. Which of the following is NOT the advantage of space vegetables?‎ A. Healthy. B. Nutritious.‎ C. Poisonous. D. Safe.‎ ‎7. Which of the following belongs to steps taken to ensure the quality of space vegetables?‎ A. After being brought to the outer space, the seeds are carefully selected.‎ B. When being brought back from space, seeds are tested.‎ C. The vegetables are exposed to radiation in space.‎ D. The vegetables are fresher than normal ones.‎ ‎8. According to the last paragraph, we can infer ________.‎ A. space vegetables belong to genetically modified foods B. many people are allergic to space vegetables C. space vegetables are safe to eat D. foods that are genetically changed proved healthy 答案：‎ Ⅰ.1.swore　2.foreseen　3.impact　4.accuse　5.decades　6.devotion　7.consistent ‎8. relief　9.sympathy　10.faithful Ⅱ.1.a series of　2.set out　3.praying for　4.set aside　5.set in motion　6.is similar to ‎7. accused of　8.are; consistent with　9.depend on　10.other than Ⅲ.1.was generally acknowledged to be/as　2.accuse their parents of　3.consult the manager about　4.Much as I like it　5.a series of Ⅳ. 语篇解读：在人造卫星出现之前，月亮是地球唯一的卫星。人造卫星能在太空中正常运转的原因是它位于大气之上，如果运行高度下降的话，卫星就会掉下来。‎ ‎1. 解析：选D　从下文可知，在人造卫星出现之前，月亮是地球唯一的卫星。‎ ‎2. 解析：选B　上文说月亮是地球唯一的卫星，而下文说后来有了很多别的卫星，所以是转折关系。副词though表示“可是，然而”，放在句中时，其前后没有逗号。however“然而”放在句中时，前后可以有逗号，故选B项。‎ ‎3. 解析：选C　从下文中的“These manmade satellites ...”可知，这些卫星是人造的，也就是“made by man”。‎ ‎4. 解析：选B　联系关键词still“仍然”，再联系文中的“going round the earth”可知，这些人造卫星仍然会绕着地球转。‎ ‎5. 解析：选A　从下文内容可知，此处是讲述人造卫星不会落下来的原因。‎ ‎6. 解析：选D　当卫星加速时，卫星的运动趋势就是冲入太空。‎ ‎7. 解析：选A　它们会冲出地球，也就是脱离地球引力。pull out意为“冲出，离开”。‎ ‎8. 解析：选B　地球引力的作用是阻止它们冲出地球。‎ ‎9. 解析：选B　从上文内容可知，如果卫星在一定高度运行，就能持续运转。on and on意为“一直，持续”，符合文意。to and fro意为“来来回回，往复地”；up and down意为“上上下下”；in and out意为“出出进进”，均不符合文意。‎ ‎10. 解析：选A　本句讲述的是卫星正常运转的原因，故选A。‎ ‎11. 解析：选C　卫星正常运转的原因就是在大气层之上，没有东西会降低卫星的运行速度，下一句中的“it will be slowed down”是很好的提示。‎ ‎12. 解析：选D　从上文我们知道卫星正常运转，不会落下来就是因为它的运行高度，所以，如果他们运行高度下降，卫星就不能正常运转。‎ ‎13. 解析：选B　从本段我们可以看出，如果运行高度下降的话，卫星就会掉下来。‎ ‎14. 解析：选C　我们知道飞船是人们发射上去的。‎ ‎15. 解析：选A　根据常识，我们知道人们发射的飞船是到了最近的星球上。‎ ‎16. 解析：选A　通过把照相机安装在飞船上，可以拍照。on board意为“在(船、火车、飞机)上”，符合文意。on average意为“平均”；on earth意为“到底，究竟”；on end意为“竖着，连续地”，均不符合文意。‎ ‎17. 解析：选D　固定搭配take photographs of ...意为“给……拍照”。‎ ‎18. 解析：选B　根据常识我们知道月亮有一面是永远背对我们的，所以不被我们看到。hidden是动词hide“隐藏”的过去式。‎ ‎19. 解析：选D　上文提到了在飞船上安装照相机，所以传回来的是照片。‎ ‎20. 解析：选A　根据上文内容可知，这些照片表明月球的另一面与面对我们的一面几乎是完全相同的。‎ Ⅴ. 语篇解读：中国航天员成功完成历史使命并顺利返回地球。中国成为世界上第三个发射载人航天飞船实现外太空对接的国家。‎ ‎1. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，中国的3名航天员圆满完成任务，使中国成为世界上第三个发射载人航天器实现外太空对接的国家。再结合下文具体内容可判断出答案为B。‎ ‎2. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，本周二(6月26日)，航天员景海鹏与胡锦涛主席通话时说：“中国航天员可以在太空安家了，我们以祖国为荣。”其他选项与文章内容不相符。故答案为A。‎ ‎3. 解析：选B　判断正误题。根据第七段，特别是“experiments performed aboard Tiangong 1 throughout the flight”可判断出，他们在天宫一号中进行了重要的实验。其他选项与文章内容不相符。故答案为B。‎ ‎4. 解析：选A　标题归纳题。本文主要谈论的是：中国航天员成功完成历史使命并顺利返回地球。故答案为A。‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了太空蔬菜，并用事实证明太空蔬菜不是转基因食品，对身体无害。‎ ‎5. 解析：选A　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了太空蔬菜。故选A。‎ ‎6. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一、二段的内容可知，太空蔬菜健康、有营养、安全并且对人有好处，所以A、B、D三项都是太空蔬菜优点，C项表示“有毒的”，当然不是优点。‎ ‎7. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，在进入太空之前，种子是经过认真挑选的，从太空回来后，这些种子要被检测。由此可知选B。‎ ‎8. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，太空蔬菜不是转基因食品，对身体没有害处。故选C。‎ Section 4Integrating skills学案设计　　 ‎ Ⅰ.Read the passage carefully on Page 67 and fill in the blanks in the form.‎ StarWars Series StarWars is a series of science 1.fantasy films, having a worldwide 2.audience. It is the most successful film series ever.‎ Random ‎ ‎3. order The films move backwards and forwards through 4.200 years. They describe the deeds of a 5.noble Jedi knight.‎ Summary Anakin's son, Luke Skywalker, joins the Rebel Alliance to 6.attack the authority of the new evil Empire. He 7.achieves glory and wins the war.‎ Reflection StarWars reflects many 8.abstract concepts in Greek, Roman and 9.Chinese folk stories. Luck is like the hero of a wuxia film.‎ Theme The broad theme of StarWars' philosophy is the 10.Force. StarWars stresses the dangers of fear, anger and 11.hate.‎ ‎ This is 12.consistent with many religious faiths.‎ Influence The strongest influence is Taoist 13.philosophy. The Force is similar to Qi.‎ ‎14.Language and clothing The Dark Force soldiers speak with 15.British accents and wear black uniforms, whilst most of the Rebels speak 16.American English and wear light colours.‎ Ⅱ.Read the passage on Page 69 and judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). ‎ ‎1. TheWaroftheWorlds is the most important novel in the history of science fiction.________‎ ‎2. Welles set a panic across England by broadcasting the radio drama of TheWaroftheWorlds.________‎ ‎3. TheWaroftheWorlds will be remembered as a piece of broadcasting history.________‎ 答案：1～3　TFT ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1. I did not acknowledge (承认) that he had done anything wrong.‎ ‎2. The government has the highest authority (权力) in the country.‎ ‎3. Most of the abstract_ (抽象的) nouns are uncountable.‎ ‎4. He foresaw (预知) that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.‎ ‎5. He says he was there all the time, but I swear (发誓) I never saw him.‎ ‎6. It's difficult to assess the impact (影响) of the president's speech.‎ ‎7. China will have to consider how it wants to be viewed (看) by the rest of the world when it exercises its influence as a major power. ‎ ‎8. They weren't a particularly good team, but they refused to give in and accept defeat (失败). ‎ Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1. reliefn. 安慰；宽慰→relievev. 减轻；缓解→relievedadj. 宽慰的，不再忧虑的 ‎2. divisionn. 部分，分开，分割→dividev. 把……分成(若干部分)‎ ‎3. sympathyn. 同情；同情心→sympatheticadj.同情的，有同情心的→sympathizev. 同情，怜悯，体谅 ‎4. commitmentn. 忠诚；奉献→commitv. 使承担义务，承诺；犯(错/罪)‎ ‎5. faithn. 宗教信仰；信念；信任→faithfuladj.忠诚的，忠实的，守信的→faithfullyadv.忠诚地，忠实地 ‎6. devotionn. 忠诚；挚爱；奉献，献身→devotev. 把……奉献(给……)→devotedadj.挚爱的，忠诚的 ‎7. stableadj.稳定的；安定的→stablyadv.稳定地，牢固地 ‎8. consultv. 咨询；请教→consultantn. 顾问 ‎9. arguablyadv.有争议地→arguableadj.有争议的→arguev. 争论，争辩→argumentn. 争论，辩论 ‎10. invasionn. 入侵→invadev. 侵略，入侵→invadern. 侵略者，入侵者 ‎11. observationn. 观察；监视→observev. 观察；监视，注视→observern. 观察者，观测者；目击者 ‎12. inescapableadj.不可避免的→escapableadj.可以避免的；可以逃避的→escapen. &v. 逃离，逃脱 ‎13. deliberatelyadv.蓄意地，故意地→deliberateadj.故意的，有意的，蓄意的 ‎14. dependv. 依靠；取决于→dependencen. 信赖，依赖→dependentadj.依靠的，依赖的 ‎[巧记单词]‎ 词根 词形变化 构词点拨 commit commitment 动词加ment构成名词 faith faithful 名词加ful构成形容词 consult consultant 动词＋ant构成表示人的名词 relief relieve 名词变f为ve构成动词 Ⅲ.补全短语 ‎1. depend on　　　　　　依赖，取决于 ‎2. a series of一系列的；一连串的 ‎3. accuse sb. of doing sth. 指责某人做某事 ‎4. to one's great relief 使某人感到非常宽慰的是 ‎5. be consistent with与……一致，符合 ‎6. pray for祈望；祈求 ‎7. be similar to与……相似的 ‎8. set sth. in motion 使某事开始 ‎9. set out开始做；着手进行 ‎10. in panic 惊慌地 ‎ ‎ ‎1. [教材原句]. .. little did he know what impact he was going to make.‎ ‎……他几乎不知道将造成多大的影响。‎ ‎[句型点拨]little置于句首引起的部分倒装。‎ ‎[佳句赏析]尽管他身处巨大的危险中，但却很少关心自己的安危。‎ Little did he care about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.‎ ‎2. [教材原句]Incredible as it may seem, both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that ...‎ 尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想……‎ ‎[句型点拨]as引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎[佳句赏析]尽管她非常不喜欢上《非诚勿扰》这个节目，但她知道她必须去，否则她妈妈会不开心的。‎ Much as she disliked going to the program YouAretheOne, she knew she had to be there or her mother would be unhappy.‎ ‎3. [教材原句]One 13yearold boy was doing his homework when he heard the first newsflash of the invasion.‎ 一名13岁的小男孩正在做家庭作业时，他听到了有关入侵的第一次新闻快讯。‎ ‎[句型点拨]be doing sth.when ... “正在做某事这时……”。‎ ‎[佳句赏析]我正在公园里散步，突然看到一只小兔子跑过了草坪。‎ I was walking in the park when I noticed a little rabbit running through the grass.‎ ‎[课 文 对 译]‎ Secrets of the Gas Giant The CassiniHuygens space probe, which reached Saturn last week, has sent back amazing photographs of the planet's famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light. The pictures show them in shades of blue, green and red. The different colours show exactly what the rings are made of: the red means the ring contains tiny pieces of rock and the blue and green is likely to be a mixture of water and frozen gases. Saturn itself is made of gases. It is so light and it could float on water — if a big enough ocean could be found!‎ The probe is an international project to explore the planet and its rings and moons. It was launched in 1997 and its mission was to explore the “gas giant” planet which is the furthest planet to be seen from the Earth without a telescope.‎ Scientists say the spacecraft's fouryear tour of Saturn may tell them how the rings are formed. It will also study the planet's atmosphere and magnetic field.‎ The probe has sent back pictures of some of Saturn's moons, including tiny Phoebe, which has a strange shape — unlike other planets and their moons, it is not perfectly round — and Saturn's biggest moon, Titan, which is believed to be the only body in the solar system other than the Earth with liquid on the surface.‎ The images of Titan and Phoebe look strangely like photos of the Earth and our own Moon, taken decades ago by the earliest space missions. They are so clear that it is easy to forget they are coming from a distance of oneandahalfbillion kilometres.‎ 巨型气体的秘密 上周到达土星的“卡西尼•惠更斯”号太空探测器已发回了著名的土星光环的照片，这些令人惊奇的照片是在紫外线下拍摄的。这些照片显示了它们在蓝色、绿色和红色阴影下的光环。这些不同颜色确切地表明了土星光环的组成部分：红色意味着光环中含有微小的岩石颗粒；蓝色和绿色可能是水和冰冻气体的混合物。土星本身是由气体构成的。它非常轻并且能够浮在水面上——如果能找到一个足够大的海洋。‎ 这个探测器是一项国际性的工程，目的是探索这一行星及其光环和卫星。探测器于1997年被发射，其任务是探索这个“巨型气体”星球，它是我们从地球上不用望远镜所能看到的最远的行星。‎ 科学家们说这个航天器为时4年的土星之旅可能会告诉我们这些光环是如何形成的。它也会研究土星的大气层和磁场。‎ 探测器还发回了土星的几颗卫星的照片，其中包括形状奇特的小个子土卫九——跟其他行星和卫星不同的是，它没有那么圆——还有土星最大的卫星，土卫六，人们都认为那是太阳系中除了地球以外唯一表面有液体的星体。‎ 数十年前由最早的航天任务拍摄的土卫六和土卫九的照片看起来很奇怪，就像地球和我们的月球的照片。它们是如此清晰以致很容易忘掉了它们是来自15亿千米之外的地方。‎ May the Force Be with You StarWars is a series of science fantasy films. The sixfilm series began in 1977, and has a worldwide audience, with films, books, video games, television series and toys. It is now acknowledged by the movie industry as the most successful film series ever.‎ The films were made in random order, and move backwards and forwards through two hundred years. They describe the deeds of Anakin Skywalker, a noble Jedi knight, while Darth Vader, under orders from Lord Sith, creates tension then conflict between various autonomous republics and movements. This results in the defeat of the Jedi.‎ Then Anakin's son, Luke Skywalker, joins the Rebel Alliance to attack the authority of the new evil Empire. He accuses Darth Vader of killing his father, so he trains to become a Jedi knight and swears to avenge his loss. But to his sorrow, he learns that his father is actually Darth Vader himself. Luke escapes the latter's grasp, as well as the Emperor's attempt to turn him to the Dark Side. Instead, to his great relief, he achieves glory by turning his father back to the Light Side, while the divisions of the Rebel Alliance fleet fights the battle for the airspace over the motherland, and wins the war.‎ StarWars reflects many abstract concepts in Greek, Roman and Chinese folk stories, such as an ability to foresee the future and the impossibility of controlling one's ‎ destiny. For example, Anakin Skywalker causes the death of his wife while coming to her aid. Luke is like the hero of a wuxia film, with his intention of avenging the death of his father, to become the most powerful Master of his art.‎ The broad theme of StarWars' philosophy is the Force, and in every movie someone says “May the Force be with you.” StarWars stresses the dangers of fear, anger, and hate, as well as putting aside one's sympathy for certain people. For example, Luke Skywalker is ever told that his commitment ought to be to finish his training rather than rescue his friends.‎ This is consistent with many religious faiths, which stress rational thought, personal dignity and a devotion to praying for holy understanding, as opposed to the “Dark Side”，of violent passion and acute emotion.‎ However, the strongest influence is Taoist philosophy. The Force is similar to Qi, a stable balance of the Yin and Yang forces to human beings and the environment. Many true Taoist masters eventually become supreme beings, similar to ObiWan and Yoda who Luke, as their scholar, consults for their teaching and advice.‎ Even the language and clothing convey the philosophy of the Force — the Dark Force soldiers speak with British accents and wear black uniforms whilst most of the Rebels speak American English and wear light colours.‎ 愿力量与你同在 ‎《星球大战》是一系列的科幻电影。这6部电影系列开始于1977年，用电影、书籍、电子游戏、电视剧和玩具的形式征服了全世界的观众。它被电影界公认为是到目前为止最成功的电影系列。‎ 电影按任意顺序拍摄，时间在200年间来回变换。它们描述了一位贵族杰迪武士，安纳金•斯凯沃克的事迹，不过达斯•维德在西斯王的指令下，在各个自治共和国之间制造紧张局势进而造成冲突和这些国家的动摇。这导致了杰迪共和国的失败。‎ 后来安纳金的儿子卢克•斯凯沃克加入了反抗者联盟去抵抗新的邪恶帝国的统治。他控告达斯•维德杀害了他父亲，所以他接受训练成为一名杰迪武士并发誓要为自己的损失报仇。但是让他伤心的是，他得知他的父亲正是达斯•维德本人。卢克逃脱了后者的控制以及帝国皇帝想把他变成邪恶势力的企图。相反，让他安慰的是他通过把他的父亲拉回到正义一方而获得了荣誉，同时反抗者联盟舰队正在为保卫祖国领空而战，并且取得了胜利。‎ ‎《星球大战》反映了很多希腊、罗马和中国的民间传说中抽象的观念，比如能预知未来的能力和掌握自己命运的不可能性。例如，安纳金•斯凯沃克要去帮助他妻子的时候却造成了她的死亡。卢克就像武侠电影中的英雄，目的是为其父报仇，成为一代武学宗师。‎ ‎《星球大战》的广泛的哲学主题就是力量，而且在每一部电影中都有人说“愿力量与你同在”。《星球大战》强调恐惧、愤怒和仇恨的危险，而且撇开一个人对某些人的同情。比如，卢克•斯凯沃克曾被告知他应当完成训练而不是营救朋友。‎ 这同很多宗教信仰一致，都强调理性思考、个人尊严和祈求神圣的理解，这同有着暴烈性情和剧烈情感的“邪恶势力”相对。‎ 然而，最大的影响来自道教思想。这里所说的“力量”同“气”相近，“气”指人类和环境中的阴阳两种力量之间的一种稳定的平衡。很多得到道教真传的人最终成为举足轻重的人物，就像欧比旺和尤达，作为他们的学生，卢克曾向他们请教学问和询问建议。‎ 语言和服装甚至也揭示了这种力量的哲学——黑暗力量的士兵讲带有英国口音的语言，穿着黑色服装然而大部分反抗者讲美式英语并穿着明亮颜色的衣服。‎ The War of the Worlds In 1898, the English writer H. G. Wells wrote what is arguably the most important novel in the history of science fiction TheWaroftheWorlds. It is a dramatic story about an invasion of the Earth by aliens from Mars, a subject that has fascinated science fiction writers and filmmakers ever since. But when, in 1938, the American actor and director, Orson Welles set a radio drama of TheWaroftheWorlds in the real life New Jersey town of Grover's Mill, little did he know what impact he was going to make. When people turned on their radios and heard the Mercury Theatre Company broadcast, it was so realistic that they believed every word：‎ Ladiesandgentlemen, Ihaveagraveannouncementtomake. Incredibleasitmayseem, boththeobservationsofscienceandtheevidenceofoureyesleadtotheinescapableassumptionthatthosestrangebeingswholandedintheNewJerseyfarmlandstonightarethevanguardofaninvadingarmyfromtheplanetMars.‎ Orson Welles had managed to set in motion a panic across America. When people heard that an invasion by aliens from Mars was underway, there was a wave of mass hysteria. Hundreds of people left their homes in panic, there were traffic jams all over the state and the police received thousands of telephone calls from terrified listeners who believed that Martians were attacking.‎ The sleepy town of Grover's Mill for an hour became the centre of the universe.‎ One 13yearold boy was doing his homework when he heard the first newsflash of the invasion. Taking the radio into the café downstairs where his mother worked, he and a dozen or so customers listened with mounting fear to the broadcast, until the men jumped up and announced they were going to get their guns and join in the defence at Grover's Mill.‎ Did Orson Welles deliberately set out to terrify the nation? Or was it simply a masterpiece of realistic theatre? Either way, TheWaroftheWorlds will be remembered as a piece of broadcasting history.‎ 世界之战 ‎1898年，英国作家H.G.威尔斯写成了科幻小说史上最重要的小说《世界之战》，关于这一点仍有争议。这个戏剧性的故事是关于来自火星的外星人对地球的入侵，这一主题也让科幻小说作家和电影制片人从此着迷不已。但是1938年当美国演员兼导演奥森•威尔斯以新泽西的格罗弗磨房镇的真实生活场景为背景播出广播剧《世界之战》时，他根本不知道他将会造成多大的轰动。当人们打开收音机听到墨丘利戏剧公司的广播，那是如此的真实以至于听众相信广播中的每个词：‎ 女士们、先生们，我要宣布一件重大的事。尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想，那就是今晚降落在新泽西州农场的怪物就是来自火星入侵部队的先导。‎ 奥森•威尔斯成功地引起了美国人的恐慌。当听到火星外星人就要入侵时，大众的恐慌情绪高涨。成百上千的人们都恐惧弃家而逃，全美国都在交通阻塞，警察接到了成千上万个受惊吓的听众打来的电话，他们都相信火星人就要进攻地球了。‎ 安静了一小时的格罗弗磨房镇成为全球焦点。‎ 一个13岁的小男孩正在做家庭作业时听到了第一波关于入侵的新闻快讯。把收音机拿到楼下妈妈工作的咖啡店后，他和十几个顾客听了广播，恐惧也与之增强，直到最后那些男人们跳起身来，大声宣布他们要拿起枪支加入到保卫格罗弗磨房镇的战斗中去。‎ 难道奥森•威尔斯是蓄意吓唬国人吗？或者仅仅是一部现实剧的杰作？不管是哪一种，《世界之战》在广播历史上占有一席之地。 ‎ ‎1. The CassiniHuygens space probe, which reached Saturn last week, has sent back amazing photographs of the planet's famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.(P64)‎ 上周到达土星的“卡西尼•惠更斯”号太空探测器发回了著名的土星光环的照片，这些令人惊奇的照片是在紫外线下拍摄的。‎ ‎★view v. 看，观察；考虑，认为n.景色；视野；看法，见解 ‎①How do you view your position within the company?‎ 你如何看待自己在公司中的位置？‎ ‎②What is your view on school punishments?‎ 你对学校的处罚有什么看法？‎ ‎(1)view ... as ...　　把……看作 in view 看得见；考虑中 in view of 鉴于；考虑到 in one's view 在某人看来 ‎(2)come into view 进入视野，看得见 ‎③He is_viewed_as our most important business partner.‎ 他被认为是我们最重要的生意伙伴。‎ ‎④In_view_of our longstanding relationship, we agree to allow you a discount.‎ 考虑到我们长期的关系，我方同意给你方折扣。‎ ‎2. It is now acknowledged by the movie industry as the most successful film series ever.(P67)‎ 现在它被电影界公认为是迄今为止最成功的电影系列片。‎ ‎★acknowledge v. 承认；认为；感谢；告知收悉 ‎①An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings.‎ 重要的一步是承认我们的缺点。‎ acknowledge sb./sth.as/to be ...认为……是……‎ acknowledge doing/that ... 承认……‎ It is universally/generally acknowledged that ...‎ ‎……是大家公认的 ‎②He is_widely_acknowledged_as/to_be an expert in this area.‎ ‎＝It_is_widely_acknowledged_that he is an expert in this area.‎ 大家公认他是这个领域的专家。‎ ‎③The thief acknowledged stealing (steal) a watch from the store.‎ 那个小偷承认从这个店里偷过一块手表。‎ ‎3. He accuses Darth Vader of killing his father, so he trains to become a Jedi knight and swears to avenge his loss.(P67)‎ 他指控达斯•维德杀死了自己的父亲，因此他把自己训练成为一名杰迪武士并发誓要为自己的损失报仇。‎ ‎★accuse v. 指责；指控，控告 ‎①Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police.‎ 她的助手被警方指控偷窃和诈骗。‎ accuse sb.of (doing) sth.＝charge sb.with (doing) sth.　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 控告某人(做)某事 be accused of ... 被控告犯有……罪 the accused 刑事被告 ‎②These high school students were accused of abusing their classmates.‎ 这些高中生被指控虐待他们的同学。‎ ‎[易混辨析]‎ 单词 意义 搭配 accuse 普通用词，正式或非正式场合均可，私人或法律上均可用 accuse sb.of (doing) sth.‎ charge 常与accuse 换用，但charge多指较严重的错误或罪行，而且往往指向法庭提出正式起诉 charge sb.with ‎ ‎(doing) sth.‎ blame 指对不好的事物或做错事的人给予责备 blame sb.for (doing) sth或sb.is to blame ‎③She accused_me_of neglecting my duty.‎ ‎＝She charged_me_with neglecting my duty.‎ 她指控我玩忽职守。‎ ‎④To be honest, it was Su's fault but Li was_also_to_blame.‎ 说实话，是苏的错，但李同样该受责备。‎ ‎[联想发散]　“动词＋sb.＋of sth.”结构常见的有：‎ ‎①cure sb.of sth.　　治好某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯 ‎②inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事 ‎③remind sb.of sth. 使某人想起某事 ‎④rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物 ‎⑤warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事 ‎4. Instead, to his great relief, he achieves glory by turning his father back to the Light Side ... (P67)‎ 相反，让他欣喜的是他通过把他的父亲拉回到正义一方而获得了荣誉……‎ ‎★relief n. 安慰，宽慰；减轻，解除；救济，救济物品 ‎①After the exam, I felt a sense of relief.‎ 考试后，我有一种轻松的感觉。‎ ‎②Some relief funds have been sent to the earthquake victims.‎ 一些救济金已经寄送给地震灾民。‎ ‎(1)in relief　　　　　　如释重负，松了口气 to one's great relief/much to one's relief 令某人非常宽慰的是 ‎(2)relieve vt. 使轻松(宽慰)；缓解；免除，解除 relieve sb.of sth. 免除某人某物；解除职务；帮助某人减轻负担 ‎③To_my_great_relief,_I wasn't late.‎ 令我感到非常欣慰的是，我没有迟到。‎ ‎④Let me relieve_you_of some of your bags.‎ 让我帮你拿几个袋子吧。‎ ‎[联想发散]　to one's relief为“介词to＋one's＋表示感情的抽象名词”构成的介词短语，意为“使某人感到……的是”。请想想，可以用于该介词短语中的表示感情的抽象名词还有哪些？‎ joy,_regret,_sorrow,_delight,_disappointment,_satisfaction,_surprise,_horror,_shame,_astonishment等。‎ ‎5. Many true Taoist masters eventually become supreme beings, similar to ObiWan and Yoda who Luke, as their scholar, consults for their teaching and advice. (P67)‎ 很多真正的道教大师最终成为举足轻重的人物，就像欧比旺和尤达，作为他们的学生，卢克曾向他们请教学问和询问建议。‎ ‎★consult v. 咨询；请教；查阅，查看；商议 ‎①If the symptoms get worse, consult your doctor.‎ 如果症状变得严重，咨询你的医生。‎ ‎②I'm not quite sure how to get there — I'd better consult a map.‎ 我不能确定怎么去那儿——我最好查一下地图。‎ consult sb.about sth.　　　 　　向某人咨询某事 consult with sb.about/on sth 与某人商议/商量某事 consult a map/a book/a dictionary 查看地图/查阅书籍/查词典 ‎③Have you consulted_your_lawyer_about this?‎ 你就此事咨询过你的律师吗？‎ ‎④His parents consulted_with_the_teacher_about/on what to do to help him with his studies.‎ 他父母和老师商量怎么来帮助他提高他的学习。‎ ‎[易混辨析]‎ consult 表示“查阅”时，后面接工具书之类的词 refer to 表示“查阅”时，后面接工具书之类的词，可以与consult互换 look up 表示“查阅”时，后面接要查找的具体信息。例如：look up a word in the dictionary“在词典里查单词”‎ ‎6.Incredible as it may seem, both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that those strange beings who landed in the New Jersey farmlands tonight are the vanguard of an invading army from the planet Mars. (P69)‎ 尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想，即今晚降落在新泽西农场的怪物就是来自火星入侵部队的先导。‎ ‎★incredible as it may seem相当于although/though it may seem incredible，为as引导让步状语从句，此时从句要倒装，通常将名词、形容词、副词、动词(原形)提至句首，这时可以和though互换。在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当表语是单数名词时，该名词前不加冠词。‎ ‎①Strange as it sounds, it is true.‎ 虽然听起来很奇怪，但这是真的。‎ ‎②Try_as_he_might,_he couldn't solve the problem.‎ 尽管他想方设法，却未能解决这个问题。‎ ‎③Film star as he is, his skills in performing are just soso.‎ 虽然他是电影明星，他的演技却很一般。‎ ‎7. Did Orson Welles deliberately set out to terrify the nation？(P69)‎ 难道奥森•韦尔斯是蓄意吓唬国人吗？‎ ‎★set out开始做；着手进行，出发；陈述 ‎①When setting out on a long walk, always wear suitable shoes.‎ 走很长的路时，一定要穿舒适的鞋子。‎ ‎②He has written a letter to ChinaDailysetting out his views.‎ 他给《中国日报》写了一封信，陈述了他的观点。‎ set aside　　　　留出；不顾，把……置于一旁 set about 着手/开始做……(后接动名词)‎ set out 出发；开始做……(后接动词不定式)‎ set down 记下 set off 出发，引爆，引起 set up 建立 ‎③Why did the leaders set_about deciding to tear down the factory set_up recently?‎ 那些领导人为什么开始决定拆掉这座刚刚建立的工厂？‎ ‎④I have set_down the amount of the money they set_aside for Hope Project.‎ 我已经记下了他们为希望工程留出的钱数。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1. Michael Jordan is widely acknowledged (acknowledge) to be one of the best basketball players in the world.‎ ‎2. People showed mercy to the old man accused (accuse) of stealing, but in fact he didn't do it.‎ ‎3. You need think twice about the job offer because the job requires considerable commitments (commit). ‎ ‎4. The soldiers will be remembered forever for their devotion (devote) to their motherland.‎ ‎5. Much to my relief (relieve), the car was not damaged.‎ ‎6. New goals are not always consistent (consist) with the existing policies.‎ ‎7. He is arguably (argue) the best actor of his generation.‎ ‎8. He was commander in chief during the invasion (invade) of Panama.‎ ‎9. Dr Subrolo questioned the scientific assumption (assume) on which the global warming theory was based.‎ ‎10. I'm sure he says these things deliberately (deliberate) to annoy me.‎ ‎11. There have been_a_series of accidents on this road.‎ ‎12. They set out to_solve the pollution problems as soon as they got to the place.‎ ‎13. Viewed (view) from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion, as a result of which it got its name.‎ ‎14. I consulted with my wife about how to run the store.‎ ‎15. Office workers fled in panic as the fire broke out.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1. 大家都认为狗的嗅觉敏锐。‎ It_is_universally_acknowledged_that dogs have an acute sense of smell.‎ ‎2. 一到山坡，我们就开始植树。‎ We set_out_to_plant_trees instantly we arrived at the hillside.‎ ‎3. 这个学生总是问他老师一连串的问题。‎ The student always asks his teacher a_series_of questions.‎ ‎4. 自从我们在延安分手已有十年。他几乎不知道我变化多么大。‎ It is ten years since we parted in Yan'an. Little does_he_know how much I've changed.‎ ‎5. 一天，我们正在地里干活，突然有个小男孩哭着喊救命。‎ One day, we were_working_in_the_field_when a boy cried for help.‎ Ⅲ.一句多译 ‎1. 使我欣慰的是在警察的帮助下我找到了丢失的身份证。‎ ‎①What_relieved_me_was that I found my missing ID card with the help of the police.‎ ‎②To_my_relief,_I found my missing ID card with the help of the police.‎ ‎2. 不管他怎样努力，他还是找不到工作。‎ ‎①Try_as_he_might,_he could not find a job.(as)‎ ‎②Although_he_might_try,_he could not find a job.(although)‎ ‎ Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式 ‎1. She swore (发誓) that she'd never seen him.‎ ‎2. No one could have foreseen (预见) that things would turn out this way.‎ ‎3. Warnings about the danger of smoking seem to have no impact (影响) on teens.‎ ‎4. How dare you accuse (指责) me of lying?‎ ‎5. China has made a breakthrough in many fields in the past decades (几十年). ‎ ‎6. Her devotion (devote) to the job left her with very little free time.‎ ‎7. What you say now is not consistent (consist) with what you said last week.‎ ‎8. To my relief (relieve), the difficulties were all overcome.‎ ‎9. I have a lot of sympathy (sympathize) for her; she has to bring up the children on her own.‎ ‎10. He is my faithful (faith) friend who can share happiness and sorrow with me.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 set out， set aside， depend on， pray for， accuse ... of， be similar to， a series of， set in motion， be consistent with， other than ‎1. She gave a_series_of lectures about how to become a professional interpreter last year.‎ ‎2. Hardly had we got to the destination when we set_out to fulfill the tasks with great enthusiasm.‎ ‎3. We're praying_for good weather for tomorrow's sports meeting.‎ ‎4. Every day I set_aside a few hours to help my daughter with her homework.‎ ‎5. The machine had been set_in_motion before we arrived at the factory.‎ ‎6. The dress you are wearing is_similar_to the one that I bought last year.‎ ‎7. The little boy was accused_of stealing something to eat from the shop.‎ ‎8. The recent study has shown that people's attitudes towards protecting the ‎ environment are not consistent_with their behavior in daily life.‎ ‎9. In China, children, even in their twenties depend_on their parents for food and clothing.‎ ‎10. You can't go there other_than by swimming.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1. 他是公认的全国最优秀的诗人。‎ He was_generally_acknowledged_to_be/as the finest poet in the country.‎ ‎2. 青少年指责他们的父母误导他们。‎ The teens accuse_their_parents_of misleading them.‎ ‎3. 关于这件事，我得向经理请示一下。‎ I have to consult_the_manager_about the matter.‎ ‎4. 虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买它，因为它太贵了。‎ Much_as_I_like_it,_I won't buy it, for it's too expensive.‎ ‎5. 那一事件引出一连串谁都没有料到的事。‎ The incident sparked off a_series_of events that nobody had foreseen.‎ Ⅳ.完形填空 For thousands of millions of years the moon has been going round the earth. During this time, the moon has been the __1__ satellite of the earth. Today, __2__，the earth has many other satellites all __3__ by man. These manmade satellites are very much smaller than the moon. However, some of them will still be going __4__ the earth thousands of years from now.‎ Manmade satellites do not __5__ because they are going too fast to do so. As they speed along, they __6__ to go straight off into space. They __7__ out of the earth, or its gravity, which __8__ them from doing this. As a result, they travel in an orbit round the earth.‎ If a manmade satellite travels about at a certain height, it can keep going __9__ round the earth, just like the moon. This is __10__ it is above the atmosphere, and there is nothing to __11__ it down. If it travels __12__ than that, it will be slowed down so much that it will __13__ the earth.‎ Men have __14__ spaceships to the moon and to the two __15__ planets: Mars (火星) and Venus (金星). By putting a camera on __16__ the spaceship to the moon, men have been able to __17__ photographs of the other side of the moon. This side is always __18__ from us as the moon circles the earth. The __19__ are later transmitted by radio to the earth. They showed that the other side of the __20__ is very much the same as the side that turns towards us.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 语篇解读：在人造卫星出现之前，月亮是地球唯一的卫星。人造卫星能在太空中正常运转的原因是它位于大气之上，如果运行高度下降的话，卫星就会掉下来。‎ ‎1. A.biggest B. brightest C. last D. only 解析：选D　从下文可知，在人造卫星出现之前，月亮是地球唯一的卫星。‎ ‎2. A.besides B. however C. though D. therefore 解析：选B　上文说月亮是地球唯一的卫星，而下文说后来有了很多别的卫星，所以是转折关系。副词though表示“可是，然而”，放在句中时，其前后没有逗号。however“然而”放在句中时，前后可以有逗号，故选B项。‎ ‎3. A.assumed B. discovered C. made D. foresaw 解析：选C　从下文中的“These manmade satellites ...”可知，这些卫星是人造的，也就是“made by man”。‎ ‎4. A.through B. round C. behind D. after 解析：选B　联系关键词still“仍然”，再联系文中的“going round the earth”可知，这些人造卫星仍然会绕着地球转。‎ ‎5. A.fall B. rise C. burst D. pause 解析：选A　从下文内容可知，此处是讲述人造卫星不会落下来的原因。‎ ‎6. A.decide B. wish C. plan D. tend 解析：选D　当卫星加速时，卫星的运动趋势就是冲入太空。‎ ‎7. A.pull B. reach C. bring D. launch 解析：选A　它们会冲出地球，也就是脱离地球引力。pull out意为“冲出，离开”。‎ ‎8. A.protects B. prevents C. keeps D. discourages 解析：选B　地球引力的作用是阻止它们冲出地球。‎ ‎9. A.in and out B. on and on C. to and fro D. up and down 解析：选B　从上文内容可知，如果卫星在一定高度运行，就能持续运转。on and on意为“一直，持续”，符合文意。to and fro意为“来来回回，往复地”；up and down意为“上上下下”；in and out意为“出出进进”，均不符合文意。‎ ‎10. A.because B. how C. where D. when 解析：选A　本句讲述的是卫星正常运转的原因，故选A。‎ ‎11. A.hand B. pass C. slow D. bring 解析：选C　卫星正常运转的原因就是在大气层之上，没有东西会降低卫星的运行速度，下一句中的“it will be slowed down”是很好的提示。‎ ‎12. A.higher B. longer C. farther D. lower 解析：选D　从上文我们知道卫星正常运转，不会落下来就是因为它的运行高度，所以，如果他们运行高度下降，卫星就不能正常运转。‎ ‎13. A.search for B. fall to C. go after D. knock at 解析：选B　从本段我们可以看出，如果运行高度下降的话，卫星就会掉下来。‎ ‎14. A.witnessed B. offered C. launched D. drove 解析：选C　我们知道飞船是人们发射上去的。‎ ‎15. A.nearest B. smallest C. biggest D. farthest 解析：选A　根据常识，我们知道人们发射的飞船是到了最近的星球上。‎ ‎16. A.board B. average C. earth D. end 解析：选A　通过把照相机安装在飞船上，可以拍照。on board意为“在(船、火车、飞机)上”，符合文意。on average意为“平均”；on earth意为“到底，究竟”；on end意为“竖着，连续地”，均不符合文意。‎ ‎17. A.avenge B. film C. catch D. take 解析：选D　固定搭配take photographs of ...意为“给……拍照”。‎ ‎18. A.holy B. hidden C. different D. stable 解析：选B　根据常识我们知道月亮有一面是永远背对我们的，所以不被我们看到。hidden是动词hide“隐藏”的过去式。‎ ‎19. A.rocks B. speeches C. sounds D. photos 解析：选D　上文提到了在飞船上安装照相机，所以传回来的是照片。‎ ‎20. A.moon B. earth C. spaceship D. space 解析：选A　根据上文内容可知，这些照片表明月球的另一面与面对我们的一面几乎是完全相同的。‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 A Three Chinese astronauts returned to Earth on Friday (June 29) after 13 days in space on a historic task that made their country only the third nation ever to successfully link a manned spacecraft to another in space.‎ China's ShenzhouⅨ space capsule landed about 10 am Friday, June 29 in Inner Mongolia. Their landing was broadcast live on China's CCTV television network.‎ ‎“We finished the first manned manual linking，” Jing Haipeng told CCTV reporters after exiting the ShenzhouⅨ capsule. His comments in Chinese were translated into English by CCTV. “For the country and people all across the country, thank you for your concerns.”‎ ‎“Chinese astronauts have their own home in space now，” Jing told China's President Hu Jintao on Tuesday (June 26) during a special call according to the staterun XinhuaNewsAgency. “We are proud of our country！”‎ And while the orbital linkups are important technological achievements for China, the task also carried a wider social influence because it included the country's first female astronaut: the 33yearold Liu Yang. “It was like a home in Tiangong 1, and I feel very happy and proud of my country，” Liu Yang told reporters after landing.‎ Jing, the commander, is China's first astronaut to fly in space twice. The third member, Liu Wang, served as the ShenzhouⅨ linking pilot. “It feels really good to feel the ground and to be back home，” Liu Wang said.‎ The ShenzhouⅨ task, as well as experiments performed aboard Tiangong 1 throughout the flight, tested technologies that will help China reach its goal of building a 60ton space station in space by 2020. “The data will help us improve technologies for astronauts' future, longterm stays in a space station，” said Chen Shanguang, chief commander of the astronaut system.‎ Tiangong 1 was launched into orbit in September 2011. In November, a robotic spacecraft, called ShenzhouⅧ，completed the country's first unmanned space linking. According to Chinese officials, Tiangong 1 has performed well, and could play host to new astronauts in the near future.‎ ‎“Based on current conditions, the service of Tiangong 1 can be extended，” said He Yu, chief commander of the ShenzhouⅨ spacecraft, reported Xinhua. “It has used less than onefourth of its fuel and no backup systems have been used.”‎ 语篇解读：中国航天员成功完成历史使命并顺利返回地球。中国成为世界上第三个发射载人航天飞船实现外太空对接的国家。‎ ‎1. What is the main task of three Chinese astronauts in space?‎ A. To return to Earth safely.‎ B. To link ShenzhouⅨ to Tiangong 1.‎ C. To build a new home in space.‎ D. To broadcast the landing alive.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，中国的3名航天员圆满完成任务，使中国成为世界上第三个发射载人航天器实现外太空对接的国家。再结合下文具体内容可判断出答案为B。‎ ‎2. From the passage we can learn Jing Haipeng ________.‎ A. made a special telephone in space B. speaks English very well C. will go into space for a third time D. is the ShenzhouⅨ linking pilot 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，本周二(6月26日)，航天员景海鹏与胡锦涛主席通话时说：“中国航天员可以在太空安家了，我们以祖国为荣。”其他选项与文章内容不相符。故答案为A。‎ ‎3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. China's ShenzhouⅨ space capsule will return to space by 2020.‎ B. The three astronauts performed important experiments in Tiangong 1.‎ C. China's 60ton space station has been built in space now.‎ D. Tiangong 1 has been in space for three years.‎ 解析：选B　判断正误题。根据第七段，特别是“experiments performed aboard Tiangong 1 throughout the flight”可判断出，他们在天宫一号中进行了重要的实验。其他选项与文章内容不相符。故答案为B。‎ ‎4. What is the best title for the passage?‎ A. Chinese astronauts return home after a historic task B. A Chinese female astronaut goes into space C. The orbital linkups are important achievements D. Tiangong 1 goes well in space 解析：选A　标题归纳题。本文主要谈论的是：中国航天员成功完成历史使命并顺利返回地球。故答案为A。‎ B I would like to talk to you about space vegetables, and to show you that space vegetables are healthy and good for you.‎ Space vegetables are grown from seeds that have been taken to and brought back from outer space. The seeds are affected by the radiation (辐射) and low gravity in outer space. When they are brought back to Earth, these seeds produce vegetables that are bigger, healthier and more nutritious (有营养的) than normal vegetables. However, some people worry about eating space vegetables. They think that space vegetables might not be good for us and could give us cancer as a result of their exposure (暴露) to radiation in space. People should not be scared, as space vegetables are actually perfectly healthy.‎ Here are some facts that you should know about space vegetables：‎ Space vegetables are grown from seeds that are carefully selected. When seeds are brought back from space, they are tested to make sure that the vegetables they grow will be safe to eat. There are no traces (痕迹) of radiation after testing.‎ Space vegetables are better for you than normal vegetables. For example, space tomatoes stay fresh for twenty days, which is one week longer than normal tomatoes. Another popular space vegetable is the peppers. Space peppers contain 20 percent more vitamin C than normal peppers.‎ After modified (转基因) foods came onto the market, people worried that they were eating unknown things. For example, if nut genes are put inside potatoes, people allergic (过敏的) to nuts might get very sick from eating these potatoes because they do not know they are also eating nuts. Unlike genetically modified foods, space vegetables have not been genetically changed. This means that no new genes are put into the vegetables. Therefore, they won't damage your health.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了太空蔬菜，并用事实证明太空蔬菜不是转基因食品，对身体无害。‎ ‎5. What's the best title of the passage?‎ A. Space Vegetables B. Space Exploration C. Healthy Vegetables D. Modified Foods 解析：选A　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了太空蔬菜。故选A。‎ ‎6. Which of the following is NOT the advantage of space vegetables?‎ A. Healthy. B. Nutritious.‎ C. Poisonous. D. Safe.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一、二段的内容可知，太空蔬菜健康、有营养、安全并且对人有好处，所以A、B、D三项都是太空蔬菜优点，C项表示“有毒的”，当然不是优点。‎ ‎7. Which of the following belongs to steps taken to ensure the quality of space vegetables?‎ A. After being brought to the outer space, the seeds are carefully selected.‎ B. When being brought back from space, seeds are tested.‎ C. The vegetables are exposed to radiation in space.‎ D. The vegetables are fresher than normal ones.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，在进入太空之前，种子是经过认真挑选的，从太空回来后，这些种子要被检测。由此可知选B。‎ ‎8. According to the last paragraph, we can infer ________.‎ A. space vegetables belong to genetically modified foods B. many people are allergic to space vegetables C. space vegetables are safe to eat D. foods that are genetically changed proved healthy 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，太空蔬菜不是转基因食品，对身体没有害处。故选C。‎ Section 4Grammar名词性从句学案设计 ‎ 　　　[语法初识]‎ 原句感知 自主探究 ‎①What we find out from space research is important for us on Earth.‎ ‎②It's wellknown that the ancient Chinese invented the rocket.‎ ‎③We think it probable that he is dead.‎ ‎④The teacher showed us the controls of the spacecraft and explained how gravity worked.‎ ‎⑤They insisted that everyone (should) come to the party.‎ ‎⑥The proposal that we (should) import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting.‎ ‎⑦I have no idea when she will be back.‎ ‎⑧The question remains whether they will be able to help us.‎ ‎⑨The problem is who we can get to replace her. (1)句①②为主语从句，句③④⑤为宾语从句，句⑥⑦为同位语从句，句⑧⑨为表语从句。‎ ‎(2)句②③⑥⑧中的引导词为连接词，在从句中不作成分，句①⑨中的引导词为连接代词，句④⑦中的引导词为连接副词。‎ ‎(3)句②③中使用了it作形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语从句或宾语从句后置。‎ ‎(4)句⑤中的that可省略，其他句中的that一般不可省略。‎ ‎(5)句⑤⑥中的从句使用了虚拟语气。‎ ‎[语法剖析]‎ 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此名词性从句可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句必须使用陈述语序，即“主语＋谓语”的语序。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if(不充当从句的任何成分)；连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever；连接副词：when, where, how, why。‎ 语法点一 主语从句 ‎1. 引导词的选用 ‎(1)that和what的选用 that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。that 只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。‎ That she became an artist was due to her father's influence.‎ 她成为画家是受了她父亲的影响。‎ What we will do tomorrow depends on the weather.‎ 明天我们做什么得看天气。‎ ‎(2)whether和if的选用 whether引导的主语从句可位于复合句的句首； if引导主语从句时，只能用it作形式主语，而把从句后置。‎ Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.‎ 它是否对我们有害还有待观察。‎ It is still in doubt if the plan will be carried out.‎ 该计划是否会实施还不确定。‎ ‎(3)whatever和whoever的选用 whatever, whoever引导主语从句时，通常在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。whatever相当于anything that, whoever相当于anyone who。‎ Whoever breaks the law should be punished.‎ ‎＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.‎ 无论谁触犯法律都应该受到惩罚。‎ ‎(4)其他连接词的选用 其他常见的连接词包括who, which, when, where, why, how等，这些连接词既起连接作用，又在从句中充当某种成分。‎ When we arrive doesn't matter.‎ 我们什么时候到无关紧要。‎ How this happened is not clear to anyone.‎ 这件事是如何发生的谁也不清楚。‎ Where I spend my summer holiday is none of your business.‎ 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。‎ ‎2. 主语从句的后置 有时为了保持句子平衡，通常使用形式主语it，而将作主语的从句后置。主语从句后置且用it作形式主语的常见句型：‎ ‎(1)It is＋名词(a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour, a/no wonder ...)＋主语从句。‎ It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.‎ 我们不能去南方过暑假真是太遗憾了。‎ ‎(2)It is＋形容词(necessary, clear, strange, important, wonderful ...)＋主语从句。‎ It is important that he should know this.‎ 他知道此事很重要。‎ ‎(3)It＋不及物动词(seem, happen, appear ...)＋主语从句。‎ It seems that he has seen the film.‎ 他似乎已经看过那部电影了。‎ ‎(4)It is＋过去分词(reported, hoped, thought, said, expected, believed ...)＋主语从句。‎ It is said that he has gone to Shanghai.‎ 据说他已经去上海了。‎ 集中演练1‎ 用适当的连接词填空 ‎①What we actually need now is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.‎ ‎②Whether_it is true remains a question.‎ ‎③Whoever comes will be welcome.‎ ‎④Has it been announced when the plane are to take off?‎ ‎⑤It is certain_that_she will do well in the exam.‎ 语法点二 宾语从句 ‎1. 作动词的宾语 大部分宾语从句直接跟在及物动词的后面，而有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语。‎ I don't know where the post office is.‎ 我不知道邮局在哪儿。‎ ‎2. 作介词的宾语 ‎(1)that引导的宾语从句仅能放在except, but等少数介词之后。‎ His account is correct except that some details are omitted.‎ 除了有些细节未提到外，他的叙述是正确的。‎ ‎(2)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可位于绝大多数介词之后。‎ I have no definite information yet as to which route he will take.‎ 他将走哪条路线，我还没有确切的消息。‎ ‎3. 作形容词的宾语 某些形容词如afraid, sure, certain等作表语时，后可接that引导的宾语从句。‎ I'm afraid that I have made a mistake.‎ 恐怕我犯了一个错误。‎ ‎4. 特殊的宾语从句 ‎(1)在“动词＋it＋宾语从句”和“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋宾语从句”中，it是形式宾语。‎ I heard it that he had gone abroad.‎ 我听说他去了国外。‎ I feel it a terrible thing that I have to get up so early.‎ 我感觉早起是件可怕的事情。‎ ‎(2)wish后的宾语从句。‎ ‎①表示与现在事实相反的情况时，从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词通常用were)。‎ We wish we had wings.‎ 我们希望我们有翅膀。‎ ‎②表示与过去事实相反的情况时从句谓语的形式为had done。‎ I wish that you had called yesterday.‎ 我希望你昨天就打电话了。‎ ‎③表示将来不大可能实现的愿望时从句谓语的形式为would/should/could/might do。‎ I wish that he could try again.‎ 我希望他能再试一次。‎ ‎(3)在suggest, advise, recommend, propose, demand, require, request,‎ ‎ order等表示“建议、要求、命令”等的动词后面的宾语从句中谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。‎ They suggested that something (should) be done to prevent this disease spreading.‎ 他们建议要采取措施预防这种疾病蔓延。‎ ‎(4)宾语从句的“否定转移”。‎ 在think, believe, suppose等动词后的宾语从句中，如果从句是否定形式，常把否定词not转移到主句中，这种情况称为“否定转移”。‎ I don't think you are right.‎ 我想你是不对的。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)宾语从句否定转移时，句子的主语通常是第一人称。‎ ‎(2)若句子主语是第三人称，不用否定转移。‎ Mrs Smith thought her son would not do that.‎ 史密斯夫人认为她的儿子不会做那件事。‎ ‎(3)注意下面的句子的附加疑问句的形式。‎ I don't think he will come, will he?‎ 我认为他不会来，是吗？‎ Miss Wang thinks her students are not good at English, doesn't she?‎ 王老师觉得她的学生英语学得不好，是吗？‎ 集中演练2‎ 完成句子 ‎①我想知道他告诉了你什么。‎ I want to know what_he_has_told_you.‎ ‎②凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。‎ She will give whoever_needs_help a warm support.‎ ‎③我相信他不会这样做。‎ I don't_believe_he_will_do so.‎ ‎④一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。‎ Everything depends on whether_we_have_enough_money.‎ ‎⑤她总是在想怎样才能把工作做好。‎ She always thinks of how_she_can_work_well.‎ ‎⑥我要讲清楚，我是不会参与其中的。‎ I should make it clear that I_will_not_get_involved_in_it.‎ 语法点三 表语从句 ‎1. that引导表语从句时仅起连接作用，不在表语从句中充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。‎ The problem is that I have lost his address.‎ 问题是我把他的地址弄丢了。‎ ‎2. whether, like, as if, as though可用于引导表语从句。‎ The question remains whether I can finish the work on time.‎ 问题仍是我是否能按时完成工作。‎ The pencil in the water cup looks as if it were broken.‎ 水杯里的铅笔看起来好像被折断了。‎ ‎3. 连接代词who, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever与连接副词where, when, how, why可引导表语从句。这些词起引导从句及在从句中作成分的双重作用。‎ New York is no longer what it was ten years ago.‎ 纽约不再是它十年前的样子了。‎ The book is where you placed it.‎ 这本书就在你放它的地方。‎ His suggestion is that we (should) buy a car.‎ 他的建议就是我们应该买车。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)表示“建议、要求、命令”等的名词，如suggestion, advice, recommendation, proposal, demand, requirement, request, order等后面的表语从句中，谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。‎ ‎(2)在seem, look, feel, smell, sound, taste等动词后的as if或as though引导的表语从句中，若从句表示一种假设或与事实不符的情况，从句须用虚拟语气。‎ I felt as if my head were splitting.‎ 我觉得头仿佛要裂开似的。‎ 集中演练3‎ 完成句子 ‎①问题是我们是否应该接受他们的邀请。‎ The question is whether_we_should_accept_their_invitation.‎ ‎②这就是我们推迟会议的原因。‎ This is why_we_put_off_the_meeting.‎ ‎③看起来天要下雨了。‎ It looks as_if_it_is_going_to_rain.‎ ‎④我的家乡不再是过去的样子了。‎ My hometown is no longer what_it_used_to_be.‎ ‎⑤我喜欢他的原因是他很幽默。‎ The reason why I like him is that_he_is_humorous.‎ 语法点四 同位语从句 ‎1. 同位语从句的引导词 ‎(1)that引导的同位语从句 We were very excited at the news that our Chinese athletes won many gold medals.‎ 听到我们中国的运动员赢得了许多金牌的消息，我们非常激动。‎ ‎(2)连接代词，连接副词和whether/if引导的同位语从句 The question, whether we need it, has not yet been considered.‎ 我们是否需要它，这个问题还没有考虑。‎ I have no idea when she will be back.‎ 我不知道她何时回来。‎ ‎2. 同位语从句的位置 同位语从句一般紧跟在所解释的名词后。但是同位语从句有时不是紧跟在相关的名词后面，而是被其他成分隔开了。‎ We've just heard a warning on the radio that a typhoon may be on its way.‎ 我们刚从广播里听到一则警报——台风很有可能要到来。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)表示“建议、要求、命令”等的名词，如suggestion, advice, recommendation, proposal, demand, requirement, request, order等后面的同位语从句中，谓语用should＋动词原形，其中should可以省略。‎ ‎(2)同位语从句和定语从句的区别 定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。例如：‎ The news that our team has won the game is true.‎ 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)‎ The news that he told me yesterday was true.‎ 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句，关系代词that指代news，在从句中作told的宾语)‎ 集中演练4‎ ‎4－1.指出下列句中黑体部分是同位语从句还是定语从句 ‎①The question whether we need it has not been considered.同位语从句 ‎②The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.同位语从句 ‎③The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.定语从句 ‎4－2.单句改错 ‎④How could he deny the fact he had stolen the money？fact后加that ‎⑤I have no idea how she accepted the job offer.She said she didn't like it.how→why ‎ ‎ ‎[链接高考]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1. (2016•北京高考)Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.‎ 解析：Whatever　考查主语从句。句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你做的任何事情都有帮助。“________ you can do”为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且表示“任何事情”，故答案为Whatever(相当于Anything that)。‎ ‎2. (2016•北京高考)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ 解析：that　考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情就是人们可以完全免受尘土的影响。“________ one can be entirely free from dust”为表语从句，该从句中不缺少成分，意思完整，故用that引导该表语从句。‎ ‎3. (2016•天津高考)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.‎ 解析：that　考查同位语从句。句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。“________ we should have an assistant”为同位语从句，说明suggestion的内容，用that引导该同位语从句。that只起连接作用，不作成分。‎ ‎4. (2016•江苏高考)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who ‎ hang on to hope.‎ 解析：that　考查主语从句。句意：对于那些总是不放弃希望的人来说，发生任何事情都是有可能的，这是很常见的。本句中it为形式主语，“________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope”为真正的主语；该从句结构完整，故由that引导。‎ ‎[针对演练]‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 that， what， whether， when， where， how， why， who， whichever， as if ‎1. What we fear when traveling in summer is the sudden change of weather.‎ ‎2. The reason why you didn't pass the driving test was that you didn't practice it hard.‎ ‎3. I was horrified to hear about how she had been treated in prison.‎ ‎4. Today I am talking about whether the government should spend more money discovering and protecting cultural relics.‎ ‎5. He said that the most impressive moment was when he was awarded first prize in high school.‎ ‎6. Could you please tell me where you had your hair cut?‎ ‎7. The police asked me to explain why I didn't report the accident immediately.‎ ‎8. Whichever of the group does best in the competition will be given the award.‎ ‎9. She looked as_if she had known the bad news.‎ ‎10. Don't frown because you never know who will fall in love with your smile.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1. 我最兴奋的是我们提前完成工作了。‎ What_excited_me_most was that we finished our work ahead of time.‎ ‎2. 问题是谁的设计最受学生欢迎。‎ The problem is whose_design_is_the_most_popular with students.‎ ‎3. 我们是否去野餐取决于天气。‎ Whether_we_will_go_for a picnic depends on the weather.‎ ‎4. 我担心的是他什么时候回来。‎ What I am worried about is when_he_will_come_back.‎ ‎5. ——我可以和项目负责人谈一下吗？‎ ‎——对不起，我不知道目前谁负责(该项目)。‎ ‎—Can I speak to whoever_is_in_charge_of the project?‎ ‎—Sorry, I have no idea who takes charge of it at present.‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 The best advice I received in my childhood was from my dad.He always gives me some advice, but I seldom took them seriously.One day he was encouraged me to participate in a speech competition.So I signed up and after the competition, I did my best to be full prepared.But the moment I stood on the stage, I was such nervous that my mind completely went blank.The experience of lose a competition was really painful.Then, my dad said，“my son, life is like battlefield.You have to lose many time to win the final victory.”Thanks for his advice, I never give up when I do anything.‎ 答案：第二句：gives→gave; them→it 第三句：去掉was 第四句：after→before; full→fully 第五句：such→so 第六句：lose→losing 第七句：battlefield前加 a 第八句：time→times 第九句：for→to Section 5单元写作指导学案设计 ‎ 　　　[技法指导]‎ 新闻报道的结构一般分为四个部分：标题、导语、主体和结语。‎ 在写新闻报道时，要注意以下几点：‎ ‎1. 新闻的标题必须语言简练，有较强的吸引力。‎ ‎2. 写作依据的材料要充分，要用事实来说话，语言力求简洁。‎ ‎3. 报道中要有亮点，能引人深思或能让人产生强烈的兴趣。‎ 黄金表达：教你如何营造亮点 ‎1. It is reported that 58 people were killed in the earthquake, including 22 males and 36 females.‎ ‎2. Witnesses said the fire lasted for four hours.‎ ‎3. In my opinion, measures should be taken by the government to set up various schools and colleges to meet the needs of people.‎ ‎4. Further details of what happened are still unclear.‎ ‎5. A big fire broke out in the forest in the southwest of America on April 5, 2013.‎ ‎6. “Saving the Earth” conference came to a close last Saturday.‎ ‎7. The whole nation was shocked at the news.‎ ‎8. The conference urges the government of all countries to take necessary measures to get rid of pollution.‎ ‎[写作规范]‎ ‎[题目要求]‎ 请给一家报纸写一篇新闻报道，以“Great Changes in My Hometown”为题目，介绍在你的家乡发生的一些变化。‎ 要求：词数：100左右。‎ Great Changes in My Hometown ‎　‎ ‎[三步作文法]‎ 第一步：搜索词汇 ‎1. 发生　　　　　　　　　take_place ‎2. 过着艰苦的生活 live_a_hard_life ‎3. 由于 because_of/owing_to/thanks_to ‎4. 挣钱 earn/bring_in_money ‎5. 以……为骄傲be_proud_of/take_pride_in 第二步：由词造句 ‎1. 完成句子 ‎①大部分人是农民。‎ Most people were_peasants.‎ ‎②他们过着艰苦的生活。‎ They lived_a_hard_life.‎ ‎③这儿的人们能挣很多钱。‎ People here have_brought_in_much_money.‎ ‎④很多人有了私家车。‎ Many people have_private_cars_to_drive.‎ ‎2. 句式升级 ‎⑤用定语从句连接①②句 Most_people_were_peasants_who_lived_a_hard_life.‎ ‎⑥用so ... that ...句型连接③④句 People_here_have_brought_in_so_much_money_that_many_people_have_private_cars_to_drive.‎ 第三步：连句成篇 Great Changes in My Hometown Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past twenty years.‎ Twenty years ago, my hometown was just a small, old and poor town. There were few factories. Most people were peasants who lived a hard life. However, nowadays, thanks to our country's reform policy, people's living conditions have improved a lot. People here have brought in so much money that many people have private cars to drive and advanced mobile phones to make calls. They live in newlybuilt departments with computers, fashionable furniture and so on.‎ As a member of our society, I am proud of these changes. I hope my hometown will become more and more beautiful.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 Dr Carl Sagan has been a leader in space exploration. He is an astronomer at Cornell University and director of the Laboratory for Planetary Studies. The author talked with Dr Carl Sagan about how he became an astronomer.‎ Q：At the age of five did you know what the stars were? ‎ A: I didn't know what they were, so I asked my friends and some older children, I got answers like “They're lights in the sky, kid.” That wasn't much of an answer. What were they? Were they little electric light bulbs (灯泡) held by black wires you couldn't see?‎ Q：If there are creatures living on another planet, what do you think they would look like?‎ A: I can't imagine what they'd look like, and they couldn't imagine what we'd look like. All of life on Earth is the same, except for some external (外部的) differences in form. Every one of us on Earth, from bacteria (细菌) to human beings, is made up of the same kinds of proteins and the same kinds of nucleic acids (核酸). But on another planet, everything is different, and I would expect that the organisms would be totally ‎ different from us.‎ Q：Do you think we should have a manned mission (工作团) to Mars?‎ A：I don't think there's any reason to send people to Mars if our goal is to find out about Mars. Let's send robots instead. They're cheaper. There's no risk of human lives. Robots can go to more dangerous places. But I think there are reasons for sending people there that are not connected to finding out about Mars. A human mission to Mars would provide a sense of adventure. It would help to stimulate a new generation of scientists, and it would make all people feel a little more optimistic about what we can do as a planet.‎ Q：What advice would you give a young person who wants to be an astronomer?‎ A：I'd say, “Study physics. But before you can study physics you have to know mathematics, so study mathematics.” I would also encourage them to read a lot, be curious, and ask questions.‎ 语篇解读：文章是一篇专访。作者与Dr Carl谈论Dr Carl是如何成为一名宇航员的。‎ ‎1. As a boy, Carl Sagan didn't ________.‎ A. often ask questions B. always get satisfying answers from his friends C. try to do well in physics D. read a lot 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Dr Carl第一个回答，我们得知，当他小时候问朋友或一些大孩子什么是星星时，他们说那是灯，那当然不是正确答案，所以Carl Sagan没有从他们那儿得到满意的答案。‎ ‎2. We human beings are interested in finding life on another planet because ________.‎ A. we are naturally drawn to other things that are alive and are curious about them B. most of us want to have more friends C. some of us are eager to rule the universe D. scientists want to show how modern our technology is 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据Dr Carl第二个回答，我们得知，地球上的生命尽管外表不同但内部结构相同，外星球上的生命却与地球上的完全不同，由此可知，我们是因为对外星球上的生命充满了好奇才对发现外星球上的生命感兴趣。‎ ‎3. Robots can be sent to Mars because ________.‎ A. we have enough robots B. they're strong and big C. everything is easy to them D. some duties are too dangerous for human beings to fulfill 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Dr Carl第三个回答中的“They're cheaper. There's no risk of human lives. Robots can go to more dangerous places.”可知。‎ Ⅱ.任务型阅读 Does failure really exist?‎ If you believe you have failed, then you have.If you believe you don't have the ability to succeed, then you don't. 1.________The moment you decide to give up or stop working toward your goals, failure is born.‎ ‎2. ________‎ Most people give themselves an out without even realizing it.They are willing to work hard on reaching their goals, but only until the going gets too rough or their energy dies down.Don't do that! 3.________ Never quit, never admit failure, and never lose heart.‎ Don't believe in a clear finish line for goals.‎ It's a good idea to set a general timeline (时间表), but remember that something will be beyond your control. 4.________ If you lock yourself into a given timeline, you might make yourself feel like a failure! Instead, get a general idea of when you'd like your goal to be completed.Then take it one day at a time and focus on making progress instead of reaching the finish line in as little time as possible.‎ Be sure that you don't see difficulties as failures.‎ Difficulties mean only one thing: it's not time for your goal to be completed yet.That's it! It doesn't mean you failed; it doesn't mean you're weak; it doesn't mean you'll never achieve your goals. 5.________ You've got to keep moving forward and find a way over, around, or through the difficulties.‎ A. Never give up on yourself.‎ B. Failure only exists in your own mind!‎ C. That's exactly how failure makes us feel.‎ D. It simply means you have not done enough yet.‎ E. You can never say exactly when your goal will be reached.‎ F. Instead, make up your mind to make your goal happen, no matter what!‎ G. Work hard towards your goal, and you will be likely to get good results.‎ 答案：1～5　BAFED Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎ ‎ My mother has always been telling me I have three strikes against me: I'm a female, I'm Hispanic (讲西班牙语的美国人), and I'm from the Bronx, a slummy (贫民窟的) part of New York.Although it is not necessarily a(n) __1__ to be all these things, it is surely __2__ to keep me from getting ahead.At least that's what I've been __3__ to believe about this game I like to call life.‎ My whole life has been a detailed __4__ made by my parents, pushing me as __5__ as they could to make me an ideal person so that I could __6__ in life.So many times I've heard, “Sweetie, you want that nice car and that big house when you __7__，don't you? Well, you've got to work at it, work harder than any other __8__ out there, because you have three strikes against you.” Can you __9__ being five and told about this on your first day of school? It can be frightening.Fortunately, the fright would disappear as the same __10__ lesson became more and more routine (常规的). ‎ Every __11__ grade, shoes left by the door and unwashed dishes in the sink resulted in the “__12__”. It was kind of like a broken record, __13__ at times, but then you remember you used to like the song it played.When it came to __14__ high school, I wanted to go somewhere different from what I had been used to.__15__ to attend Bard High School Early College (BHSEC) was one of the hardest things of my life but I never __16__ it.The high school took the place of my mother's lecture, shaping ‎ me in the ways I never thought __17__.‎ BHSEC __18__ me to be just myself.I may be a Hispanic female from the Bronx __19__ I won't let that determine my life. Life is a(n) __20__，and it's my turn now.The odds (逆境) won't keep me from playing.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 语篇解读：因为作者卑微的家庭出身，所以她的父母总是告诫她，要成功就必须付出比常人更大的努力，并且还为她做了细致的安排。作者最终能否破茧成蝶呢？‎ ‎1. A.excuse B. victory C. crime D. honor 解析：选C　虽然这三项内容并不一定意味着犯罪，但这确实阻止了作者向前迈进。‎ ‎2. A.lucky B. useless C. difficult D. enough 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎3. A.sent off B. brought up C. called in D. relied on 解析：选B　作者在成长过程中就一直是这样认为的。send off“发出，送出”；bring up“抚养”；call in“召集”；rely on“依靠”。‎ ‎4. A.arrangement B. change C. adventure D. wish 解析：选A　作者父母对她的生活做了细致的安排，有严格要求。‎ ‎5. A.fast B. hard C. carefully D. proudly 解析：选B　父母一直尽最大努力让作者按照他们的安排进行。‎ ‎6. A.succeed B. study C. share D. perform 解析：选A　父母这样做的目的是让作者成为一个完美的人，为日后的成功做好准备。‎ ‎7. A.move ahead B. grow up C. calm down D. look out 解析：选B　想买车、买大房子应该是作者长大后的事情。move ahead“向前移动”；grow up“长大”；calm down“镇静”；look out“当心”。‎ ‎8. A.kid B. worker C. player D. teacher 解析：选A　父母认为作者要得到这些必须比同龄的孩子付出更大的努力。‎ ‎9. A.stop B. forget C. enjoy D. imagine 解析：选D　这里是说作者的感受：你能想象到当时只有5岁，而且是上学第一天就这样告诉我的吗？‎ ‎10. A.perfect B. happy C. old D. formal 解析：选C　随着这种话不断地重复，那份恐惧感就没有了。‎ ‎11. A.first B. special C. high D. poor 解析：选D　由后文做的错事可知，这里指成绩差的时候。‎ ‎12. A.trouble B. argument C. lesson D. challenge 解析：选C　如果鞋子丢在门的旁边或者是没洗的盘子丢在洗涤槽，作者父母的训诫(lesson)就来了。上一句有此题答案的提示。‎ ‎13. A.worrying B. frightening C. amazing D. annoying 解析：选D　根据前面的比喻以及作者对待规定的描述可知，这种训诫让人烦恼。‎ ‎14. A.hearing from B. applying to ‎ C. leaving D. finishing 解析：选B　下一句的“I wanted to go somewhere different”和后文高中生活的描述，说明作者应该是申请高中。‎ ‎15. A.Deciding B. Pretending C. Training D. Realizing 解析：选A　decide“决定”；pretend“假装”；train“训练”；realize“意识到”。‎ ‎16. A.avoided B. regretted C. deserved D. refused 解析：选B　申请进入Bard High School Early College这所学校是作者一生以来最艰难的选择之一，但是作者从来没有后悔。‎ ‎17. A.reasonable B. convenient C. possible D. acceptable 解析：选C　高中生活取代了母亲的训诫以作者从前认为不可能的方式塑造了她。‎ ‎18. A.taught B. promised C. ordered D. planned 解析：选A　Bard High School Early College教会了作者怎样保持自己的风格。‎ ‎19. A.and B. if C. but D. though 解析：选C　“I may be a Hispanic female from the Bronx”和“I won't let that determine my life”是一种转折关系，因此用连词but。‎ ‎20. A.game B. party C. experiment D. journey 解析：选A　此句是文章的中心句，与文章第一段最后一句的game相呼应。‎ Ⅳ.语法填空 Several years ago, I was backpacking in the Philippines when I met a lady from the US.She was paying a visit to her father, 1.who had lived with her in the US.I asked why her father had chosen to live on such a poor and 2.lonely (lone) island.She said her father was diagnosed with cancer after he moved to the US and the doctor said he had only half a year 3.left (leave). As soon as her father 4.heard (hear) the news, he went back to live on their home island in the Philippines.What happened next was 5.a miracle.Fishing and barbecuing as he used to, her father survived. “6.It turned out that 7.happiness (happy) was the best cure，” the woman said.‎ Backpacking tours 8.like this give me the chance 9.to_reflect (reflect) on the true purpose of living.Traveling has changed me.But if you asked me what that change is about, I would say it is about 10.finding (find) what I really want.‎ Ⅴ.短文改错 My English teacher gave us a horrible job today.She told us what we would have to prepare a tenminute speech for Tuesday.I can't stand speaking in front of the class.Anyway, I asked my teacher if I could do something different — like a writing report.I told her how nervously I would get when speak before the class.My teacher explained me that she couldn't change that.While she did have some advices.She encouraged me to get to work right away.She said if I practice my speech ahead of time, I would feel the more comfortable.As a result of his warm words, I decided to make a try.‎ 答案：第二句：what→that 第四句：writing→written 第五句：nervously→nervous; speak→speaking 第六句：explained后加to 第七句：While→But; advices→advice 第九句：practice→practiced; 去掉the 第十句：his→her