2019版一轮复习英语外研版必修一Module5ALessoninaLab单元学案（40页word版）

2019版一轮复习英语外研版必修一Module5ALessoninaLab单元学案（40页word版）

‎2019版一轮复习英语外研版必修一Module5A Lesson in a Lab单元学案 ‎[一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．liquid n．　　　液体　　　　　 2．contract vi.　收缩 ‎3．substance n. 物质 4．oxygen n. 氧气 ‎5．partial adj. 部分的；局部的 6．rust vi. 生锈 ‎7．steam n. 蒸汽；水汽 8．dissolve vi. 溶解；分解；分离 ‎9．flame n. 火焰 10．facility n. (常作复数)设备；工具 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．stage n. 阶段；时期 2．boil vt. 煮；煮沸 ‎3．ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的 4．float vi. 漂浮 ‎5．form vi. 形成 6．department n. (大学的)科、系 ‎ ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.expand vi.膨胀；扩展→(反义词)contract vi.收缩→expansion n．膨胀；扩大 ‎*2.mixture n．混合物→mix v．(使)混合 ‎　3.electricity n．电→electrical adj.电的；用电的；发电的→electric adj.电的；用电的n.供电→electronic adj.电子的 ‎　4.conclusion n．结论→conclude vt.得出结论；结束 ‎　5.aim n．目标；目的→aimless adj.无目标的→aimlessly adv.漫无目的地 ‎*6.react vi.(化学)反应→reaction n．反应 ‎*7.equipment n．设备；装备→equip vt.装备；配备 ‎　8.balance n．天平；平衡→balanced adj.平衡的 ‎　9.lecture n．演讲→lecturer n．演讲者 ‎*10.astonished adj.吃惊的；惊愕的→astonishing adj.令人吃惊的→astonish vt.使吃惊→astonishment n．惊讶；惊异 用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．The city has been expanding rapidly, whose expansion has brought damage to the natural surroundings.(expand)‎ ‎2．Mix the eggs into the flour. The mixture of flour and eggs is then left in a warm place for four hours.(mix)‎ ‎3．I wanted to know how the students reacted to my words as well as your reaction.(react)‎ ‎4．The school has been rebuilt and it is well equipped. Much money has been spent on the office equipment.(equip)‎ ‎5．To our astonishment,_the famous actress died. That's to say, we were astonished at the news of her sudden death, and it was really astonishing.(astonish)‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．laboratory /lə'bɒrəˌt(ə)rI/ n．　　实验室 ‎2．experiment /Ik'sperImənt/ n. 实验 ‎3．research /rI'sɜːtʃ/ n. 研究 ‎4．paper /'peIpə/ n. 论文 ‎5．attempt /ə'tem(p)t/ n．& vt. 尝试 ‎6．determination /dIˌtɜːmI'neIʃ(ə)n/ n. 决心 ‎7．preparation /ˌprepə'reIʃ(ə)n/ n. 准备 ‎8．assignment /ə'saInm(ə)nt/ n. 分配；功课 ‎9．explanation /eksplə'neIʃ(ə)n/ n. 解释 ‎10．practice /'præktIs/ n. 练习 ‎11．effect /I'fekt/ n. 影响；效果 ‎12．reward /rI'wɔːd/ vt. 奖励 ‎13．mark /mɑːk/ n. 分数 ‎14．degree /dI'griː/ n. 学位 ‎15．scholarship /'skɒləʃIp/ n. 奖学金 ‎16．analyze /'ænəˌlaIz/ vt. 分析 ‎17．observe /əb'zɜːv/ v. 观察 ‎18．measure /'meʒə/ v. 测量；估量 ‎19．concentrate /'kɒns(ə)ntreIt/ v. 全神贯注 ‎20．explore /Ik'splɔː/ v. 探索 ‎21．argue /'ɑːɡjuː/ v. 争论；辩论 ‎22．debate /dI'beIt/ v. 争论；辩论 ‎23．strengthen /'streŋθ(ə)n/ v. 加强 ‎24．assess /ə'ses/ vt. 评定；评估 ‎25．summarize /'sʌməraiz/ v. 概括；总结 ‎26．acquire /ə'kwaIə/ vt. 获得 ‎27．preview /'priːvjuː/ vt. 预习 ‎28．review /rI'vjuː/ v. 复习 ‎29．creative /kriː'eItIv/ adj. 创造性的 ‎30．worthwhile /wɜːθ'waIl/ adj. 值得做的 ‎ [二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.put_..._in_order　 　把……按顺序排列；使……有条理 ‎　2.at_the_top/bottom 在顶/底部 ‎　3.find_out 发现；查清 ‎　4.add_..._to_... 往……加入……‎ ‎*5.keep_(...)_out_of 不让……进入；避开……；远离 ‎*6.go_ahead 开始做某事；(口语)请说吧；请用吧 ‎　7.used_to 过去(常常)……‎ ‎　8.in_the_area_of 在……领域 ‎*9.be_proud_of 为……感到骄傲/自豪 ‎*10.be_supposed_to 应当；理应 ‎　11.react_with 与……起反应 ‎　12.keep_down 使(声音等)压低 ‎(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．As parents, we are_supposed_to be strict with our children and observe their behavior closely.‎ ‎2．He was as busy as a bee trying to put the books in_order.‎ ‎3．We must keep_out_of the war. Peace is what we desire.‎ ‎4．The building of the new bridge will go_ahead as planned.‎ ‎5．Reflecting on her volunteer experience, Tina was_proud_of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．take an exam　　　　　　　　　　参加考试 ‎2．cheat in the exam 考试作弊 ‎3．get full marks/scores 得满分 ‎4．make it 获得成功 ‎5．pay off 取得成功；得到回报 ‎6．go over 复习 ‎7．turn in 上交 ‎8．live up to one's expectations 达到某人的期望 ‎9．sign up for 报名参加 ‎10．get together 聚在一起 ‎11．be/get involved in 参与 ‎12．make a speech 作报告 ‎13．skip the class 逃课 ‎14．drop out of the school 辍学 ‎15．pass/get through the exam 通过考试 ‎16．fail the exam 考试不及格 ‎17．realize one's dream 实现梦想 ‎18．achieve success 获得成功 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．“分数＋of＋n.”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词一致 ‎[例句]　Twothirds of the earth's surface is water.‎ ‎[仿写]　这个国家有三分之一的面积被森林覆盖，并且大多数公民是黑人。‎ Onethird_of_the_country_is_covered_with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.‎ ‎2．it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语 ‎[例句]　It is hard to think of a world without metals.‎ ‎[仿写]　对于公众来说，要想知道一项新的发明对人们的生活有什么用处并不总是一件容易的事。‎ It_is_not_always_easy_for_the_public_to_see what use a new invention can be of to human life.‎ ‎3．here置于句首的完全倒装句 ‎[例句]　Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top, and the metals that react least at the bottom. ‎ ‎[仿写]　看，你的梦中女孩来了。快请她跳舞吧。‎ Look, here_comes your dream girl. Invite her to dance.‎ ‎4．“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”结构 ‎[例句]　The closer you are, the more you'll see. ‎ ‎[仿写]　一个人越博学，他通常就越谦虚。(2015·陕西高考单选)‎ The_more_learned a man is, the_more_modest he usually becomes. ‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．It is for these reasons that I firmly believe that this rule will promote the learning atmosphere and our teamwork spirit.‎ 正是由于这些原因我坚信这条规则将有利于营造我们的学习氛围并培养我们的团队精神。‎ ‎2．Don't be afraid of difficulties. They can help you accumulate experience, and experience can, in turn, broaden your horizons. ‎ 不要害怕困难。它们能够帮助你积累经验，经验反过来也能开阔你的视野。‎ ‎3．Firstly, as a student, the most important thing is to study, so it is necessary for all of you to build an effective method in your study.‎ 首先，作为一名学生，最重要的事情是学习，因此你们所有人都有必要在学习中建立一个有效的方法。‎ ‎4．The regulations are strict with the students and they require that students should attend at least 90% of the lectures.‎ 规章制度对学生要求非常严格，要求学生参加至少90%的讲座。‎ ‎5．I propose that our school should organize this kind of activity more frequently.(2016·北京高考书面表达)‎ 我建议我们学校应该经常组织这样的活动。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ He used not to be interested in chemistry, but he knew that he was supposed to learn it well. After a lesson in a lab, where he observed the reaction of substances, he changed a lot. Besides, the teacher's encouragement added to his confidence. The more he learned chemistry, the more interested he was in it. Gradually, his knowledge of chemistry expanded a lot. Then he was astonished to find that he got almost full marks in a chemistry exam. Now his aim is to be a chemist and make a breakthrough in the area of chemistry. His parents are proud of him.‎ 他过去对化学不感兴趣，但是他知道他理应学好。上了一节实验课后，他观察了物质的反应，他改变了许多。而且，老师的鼓励增加了他的自信。他越学化学就越感兴趣。渐渐地，他的化学知识增加了许多。然后他惊奇地发现，在一次化学考试中他几乎得了满分。现在他的目标是当一名化学家，并在化学领域有所突破。他的父母为他感到骄傲。‎ ‎[第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．conclusion n．结论；结束 ‎[高考佳句]　In conclusion, we are very proud of ourselves and ‎ believe we can do more for a better world.(2016·北京高考书面表达)‎ 总之，我们以自己为骄傲，并且坚信我们可以为一个更美好的世界做更多的事。‎ ‎(1)draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion ‎　　　　　　　　　　　 得出结论 bring ... to a conclusion 使……结束 in conclusion＝to conclude 总之；最后 ‎(2)conclude v. 得出结论；总结；结束 conclude ... with/by ... 以……结束……‎ conclude ... from ... 从……中得出结论 conclude that ... 结论是……‎ ‎①From these facts we can draw/come_to/arrive_at/reach_some_conclusions about how the pyramids were built.‎ 从这些事实中我们可以得出一些关于金字塔是如何建造的结论。‎ ‎②In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.‎ 总之，步行是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。‎ ‎③When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.‎ 当小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用几条要点作为结束。‎ ‎2．aim n．目标；目的(可数名词)；瞄准；对准(不可数名词) v．瞄准；对准；目的是；旨在；力求达到 ‎[高考佳句]　She started the Ladybug Foundation，an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness.(2017·北京高考)‎ 她创办了the Ladybug Foundation，一个旨在帮助无家可归者的组织。‎ ‎(1)take aim at ...　　　　 向……瞄准；对准……‎ with the aim of ... 以……为目标；目的是……‎ achieve one's aim 达到某人的目标/目的 ‎(2)aim at/be aimed at (doing) sth.‎ ‎ 瞄准；对准；旨在(做)某事 aim to do sth. 目标/目的是做某事 ‎①I'm aiming to_lose (lose) 4 kilograms before the summer holidays.‎ 我的目标是暑假前体重减轻4千克。‎ ‎②They will start their project, aiming (aim) at helping the poor children to be educated in the west of China.‎ 他们要开始他们的工程，目的是帮助中国西部的贫穷孩子接受教育。‎ ‎③She went to London with_the_aim_of finding a job.‎ 她去伦敦是为了找工作。‎ ‎3．react vi.(化学)反应；(对……)作出反应 ‎[教材原句]　Which of the metals in the table reacts the most with oxygen and water?‎ 表格中的哪一种金属与氧气和水反应最剧烈？‎ ‎(1)react to　　　　　　　　 对……作出反应 react with 与……起(化学)反应 react against 反对；反抗 react on/upon 对……有影响 ‎(2)reaction n. 反应 in reaction to 对……的反应 ‎①Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.‎ 孩子们通常以违背父母意愿的方式来反抗他们。‎ ‎②Unkindness often reacts on/upon the unkind person.‎ 恶有恶报。‎ ‎③He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong reaction (react)．‎ 他很吃惊自己的回答竟然引起了那么强烈的反应。‎ ‎4．balance n．天平；平衡v.(使)平衡；权衡 ‎ ‎[高考佳句]　He had the rare balance of fun and compassion (同情)．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 他在乐趣和同情之间有难得的平衡。‎ ‎(1)the balance of nature　　　　 自然平衡 keep/lose/break the balance 保持/失去/打破平衡 on balance 总的来说 ‎(2)balance ...against ... 把……与……进行权衡 balance ... with ... 使……与……平衡 ‎(3)balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的 keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食 ‎①You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages. ‎ 你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。‎ ‎②Many people have come to realize that they should keep a balanced (balance) diet.‎ 许多人开始认识到他们应该保持均衡的饮食。‎ ‎③When he was running after his brother, the boy ‎ lost_his_balance and had a bad fall.(2015·湖北高考)‎ 当这个男孩追赶他哥哥的时候，他失去了平衡，狠狠地摔倒了。‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Aimed (aim) at improving the level of English, English Corner is held once a week.‎ ‎2．He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.‎ ‎3．He has formed the habit of taking notes while doing some reading.‎ ‎4．I listened to his adventure with a mixture (mix) of amusement and disbelief.‎ ‎5．A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company's recent losses.‎ ‎6．Although astonished (astonish) at what he heard, Peter didn't say anything.‎ ‎7．The business has expanded (expand) from having one office to having twelve.‎ ‎8．On balance, the company has had a successful year.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．We send notices to visitors, usually in form of an email.‎ form前加the ‎2．Our school has been given some new equipments.equipments→equipment ‎3．It was astonished to find his reading ability improved so much.astonished→astonishing ‎4．I need some boiling water to wash down medicine after breakfast.boiling→boiled ‎5．On conclusion, friendship provides a sense of belonging and comfort.On→In Ⅲ.单句写作(一句多译/补全句子)‎ ‎1．为了通过驾照考试，他努力训练。‎ ‎①He trained hard with_the_aim_of_passing the driving test.(with the aim of)‎ ‎②He trained hard, aiming_at_passing the driving test.(aim at)‎ ‎③He trained hard, aiming_to_pass the driving test.(aim to do sth.)‎ ‎2．以这种方式处理这种事情既有优势，又有劣势，但总的来说我认为我们应该放弃。‎ There are both advantages and disadvantages in dealing with the matter in such a way, but on_balance I think we should give it up.‎ ‎3．最后，所有人员都要求从总经理会议的报告中得出结论。‎ In_conclusion,_all the staff are ordered to draw/come_to/arrive_at/reach_a_conclusion from the speech the president made at the meeting.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．add ... to ...往……加入……‎ ‎[高考佳句]　So why not add more functions to the umbrella？(2014·湖南高考满分作文)‎ 因此为什么不给伞增加更多的功能呢？‎ ‎(1)add to　　　　　　　　 增加；增添 add up 把……加起来 add up to 加起来共计/共达 add (that) ... 补充说……‎ ‎(2)addition n. 加；(数)加法；增加；添加 in addition 另外 in addition to 除……之外 ‎①He added_that the theater's location (位置) was also a reason.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 他补充说剧院的位置也是一个因素。‎ ‎②Remember: little steps add_up_to big dreams.‎ 记住：点点滴滴可以聚成大的梦想。‎ ‎2．used to过去(常常)…… ‎ ‎[教材原句]　I never used to enjoy science, but last year I changed schools, and the science teachers at my new school are excellent.‎ 过去我从不喜欢理科，但是去年我转学了，我的新学校的理科老师很棒。‎ there used to be ...　　　　　 过去常常有……‎ be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯(做)某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 ‎①He used to_stay (stay) up late, but now he is used to going (go) to bed early.‎ 他以前总是熬夜到很晚，但是现在已经习惯早睡了。 ‎ ‎②The following simple experiment is used to_separate (separate) different liquids. ‎ 下面这个简单的实验被用来分离不同的液体。‎ ‎[名师指津]　used to的否定形式有两种：used not to和didn't use to。‎ ‎3．be supposed to应当；理应 ‎[教材原句]　I'm going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa ‎ University, as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.‎ 我要努力考取蒙特利尔大学或渥太华大学，因为这两所大学的物理系都很棒。‎ ‎(1)be supposed to do sth.　 　　 应该/理应做某事 be supposed to be doing sth. 应该/理应正在做某事 be supposed to have done sth. 本应该做某事(事实上未做)‎ ‎(2)suppose sb. to be ... 认为某人是……‎ supposing/suppose (that) ... 假如/假定……‎ ‎(3)I suppose so. 我认为是这样。‎ I suppose not. (＝I don't suppose so.)‎ ‎ 我认为不是这样。‎ ‎①The bus was supposed to arrive half an hour ago.‎ ‎→The bus is supposed to have_arrived (arrive) half an hour ago.‎ 公交车本来应该在半小时之前到达的。‎ ‎②Supposing/Suppose (suppose) that there was an earthquake, what would be the right way to escape?‎ 假如发生地震，正确的逃生方法是什么？‎ ‎[名师指津]　表示“本来应该做某事(但未去做)”的结构还有：should have done sth., ought to have done sth.等。‎ ‎4．It_is_hard_to_think_of a world without metals.‎ 很难想象一个没有金属的世界。‎ 本句属于“It is＋adj.＋to do ...”句式。其中It是形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语。‎ ‎①Everyone in our society should help those in need, but it_is_more_important_to_be sincere and earnest.(2016·江苏高考书面表达)‎ 在我们这个社会，每个人都应该帮助那些需要帮助的人，但更重要的是真诚和认真。‎ ‎(1)“It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.”该句式中作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点，常见的有easy, hard，important, difficult, impossible, necessary等。‎ ‎②It is impossible for this country to recover in a short time over this financial crisis.‎ 经历了这次经济危机，这个国家短期内恢复正常是不可能的。‎ ‎(2)在“It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.”句式中，形容词用于说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格、性质等，该句式通常可改为Sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.。能用于该结构的形容词有kind, nice, good, stupid, silly, careful, careless等。‎ ‎③It is very nice of you to offer me a seat.‎ ‎→You_are_very_nice to offer me a seat.‎ 十分感谢你给我让座。‎ ‎(3)it作形式主语，还可以用于以下句型中：‎ ‎(1)It is＋adj./n.＋that ...‎ ‎(2)It is no good/use doing sth.做某事是没有好处/用的 ‎④It is true that a smartphone plays an important role in our daily life.(2014·重庆高考满分作文)‎ 确实，智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。‎ ‎⑤It's_no_use_arguing with her — she won't listen.‎ 跟她争论没有用——她是不会听的。‎ ‎5．The_closer you are, the_more you'll see.‎ 你离得越近，看到的就越多。‎ the closer ... the more ...为“the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..”结构，其具体用法如下：‎ ‎(1)意为“越……，就越……”，主句、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。‎ ‎(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句。‎ ‎(3)本结构可以用省略形式。‎ ‎①The_more you know, the_more you will realize how little you know.‎ 知道得越多，就越会体会到自己知道得多么有限。‎ ‎②The more positive an article, the_more_likely it was to be shared.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 一篇文章越积极向上，越有可能被分享。‎ ‎③The_longer we delay it, the_more_tired we feel.‎ 我们拖延得越长，就感觉越累。‎ ‎④The_more,_the_better.‎ 多多益善。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.add短语填空 ‎1．Add_up all the figures and find out what they add_up_to.‎ ‎2．We are here to add what we can to life, not to get what we can from it.‎ ‎3．The soldiers were extremely tired and the heavy rain added_to their difficulty.‎ ‎4．(2014·浙江高考书面表达)In_addition_to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration.‎ ‎5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)In_addition,_by doing the parttime job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society.‎ Ⅱ.used to单句语法填空 ‎1．He used to play (play) games on the Internet, but now he is used to reading (read) before sleeping.‎ ‎2．I once lived in a house which was used to_keep_ (keep) books and magazines. ‎ ‎3．There used to be a big and beautiful garden at the back of their house. ‎ Ⅲ.be supposed to单句语法填空 ‎1．He was supposed to_have_helped (help) us, but he didn't.‎ ‎2．Supposing/Suppose (suppose) the plane is delayed, what shall we do?‎ ‎3．He is supposed to_be_reading (read) newspapers now.‎ ‎4．The message is very important, so it is supposed to_be_sent (send) as soon as possible.‎ Ⅳ.“it作形式主语”(单句语法填空/句型转换)‎ ‎1．It is impossible for him to sleep on such a small bed.‎ ‎2．We all think it was foolish of you to do such a thing.‎ ‎3．It is no use trying (try) to solve the problem by force. Peace talks are the only solution.‎ ‎4．You are careless to make so many mistakes in the exam.‎ ‎→It_is_careless_of_you_to_make so many mistakes in the exam.‎ ‎5．He didn't pass the exam and that's a shame.‎ ‎→It_is_a_shame_that he didn't pass the exam.‎ Ⅴ.补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．你越接近大自然，就越能欣赏她的美。‎ The_closer you stay to nature, the_more you will appreciate her beauty.‎ ‎2．If you practise more, you will become more skillful.‎ ‎→The_more you practise, the_more_skillful you will become.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 aim， form， used to， be supposed to， keep ... out of， be proud of ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①李华过去常常玩电脑游戏，他的成绩越来越糟。‎ Li Hua used_to play computer games, and his grades were getting worse and worse.‎ ‎②老师告诉他应该确立目标，养成好习惯。‎ The teacher told him that he was_supposed_to set an aim and form a good habit.‎ ‎③对他来说放弃玩游戏是困难的，但在老师的帮助下，他远离了游戏。‎ To give up playing games was difficult for him, but with the help of his teacher he kept himself out_of them.‎ ‎④他感到越学习就越觉得对学习感兴趣。‎ He felt that as he studied more,_he became more interested in study.‎ ‎⑤他的父母为他感到骄傲。‎ His parents are_proud_of him.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用it作形式主语改写句③‎ It_was_difficult_for_him_to_give_up_playing_games,_but_with_the_help_of_his_teacher_he_kept_himself_out_of_them.‎ ‎(2)用“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”结构改写句④‎ He_felt_that_the_more_he_studied,_the_more_interested_he_became_in_it.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：later, now)‎ Li Hua used to play computer games, and his grades were getting worse and worse. The teacher told him that he was supposed to set an aim and form a good habit. It was difficult for him to give up playing games, but with the help of his teacher he kept himself out of them. Later, he felt that the more he studied, the more interested he became in it. Now his parents are proud of him.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——时间状语从句＋宾语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different substances, for example, water and oxygen.‎ when引导时间状语从句；how引导宾语从句。‎ 当污染企业辩解说我们已经在控制碳污染的战斗中失败并且别无选择只好适应它时，这是惯用的为了商业利益而设计好的胡说八道的伎俩。‎ 真题长难句 When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.(2017·江苏高考阅读理解D)‎ 在when引导的时间状语从句中含有一个that引导的宾语从句，即“we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt”，作argue的宾语。‎ ‎“教学活动”是高中新课程标准24个话题之一——“学校生活”‎ 中的一个子话题，也是高考热点话题。教学活动即课堂生活，它是属于人类生活实践总体中的一种生活。教师和学生的学校生活大多在一节节课中度过。他们在其中创造和收获，感受成功的喜悦，经受失败的挫折，慢慢积淀着难忘的同学缘和师生情，滋长着对日常生活之外的广袤天地和世道人事的向往，增强着坚持的意志和成长的力量……这是课堂生活给予“在其中者”心灵的终身馈赠。纵观历年高考试题，此话题多在阅读理解、完形填空等题型中考查。‎ 话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2014·浙江高考)‎ I had worried myself sick over Simon's mother coming to see me.I was a new __1__， and I gave an honest account of the students' work. In Simon's case, the grades were awfully low. He couldn't read his own handwriting. __2__ he was a bright student. He discussed adult subjects with nearly adult comprehension. His work in no way reflected his __3__.‎ So when Simon's mother entered the room, my palms (手掌心) were sweating. I was completely __4__ for her kisses on both my cheeks. “I came to thank you，” she said, surprising me beyond speech. __5__ me, Simon had become a different person. He talked of how he __6__ me, he had begun to make friends, and for the first time in his twelve years, he had __7__ spent an afternoon at a friend's house. She wanted to tell me how grateful she was for the __8__ I had nurtured (培养) in her son. She kissed me again and left.‎ I sat, stunned (惊呆), for about half an hour, __9__ what had just happened. How did I make such a lifechanging difference to that ‎ boy without __10__ knowing it? What I finally came to __11__ was one day, several months before, when some students were __12__ reports in the front of the class, Jeanne spoke __13__， and to encourage her to raise her voice, I had said, “Speak up. Simon's the expert on this. He is the __14__ one you have to convince, and he can't hear you in the __15__ of the room.” That was it. From that day on, Simon had sat up straighter, paid more attention，__16__ more, and became happy. And it was all because he __17__ to be the last kid in the last row. The boy who most needed __18__ was the one who took the last seat that day.‎ It taught me the most __19__ lesson over the years of my teaching career, and I'm thankful that it came __20__ and positively. A small kindness can indeed make a difference.‎ ‎1．A.cleaner　　　　　　　　 B．reporter C．monitor D．teacher ‎2．A.Or B．And C．But D．So ‎3．A.courage B．abilities C．feelings D．dream ‎4．A.desperate B．responsible C．unprepared D．unsuitable ‎5．A.Because of B．In spite of C．Apart from D．As for ‎6．A.loved B．envied C．pleased D．criticized ‎7．A.gradually B．constantly C．recently D．obviously ‎8．A.selfrespect B．selfdoubt ‎ C．selfpity D．selfdefense ‎9．A.imagining B．observing C．wondering D．regretting ‎10．A.also B．even C．always D．still ‎11．A.expect B．remember C．believe D．accept ‎12．A.writing B．reviewing C．editing D．giving ‎13．A.quietly B．repeatedly C．quickly D．firmly ‎14．A.lucky B．lonely C．only D．likely ‎15．A.entrance B．middle C．front D．back ‎16．A.slept B．smiled C．shouted D．quarreled ‎17．A.intended B．pretended C．refused D．happened ‎18．A.change B．praise C．thanks D．visits ‎19．A.difficult B．painful C．valuable D．enjoyable ‎20．A.early B．slowly ‎ C．frequently D．occasionally ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 ‎1．抓首句，明文体，确保读文方向不跑偏 由首句“I had worried myself sick over Simon's mother coming to see me.”可知，本文应为一篇夹叙夹议文。读文时应重点关注与夹叙夹议文体相关的时间、地点、人物、事件、主旨大意、逻辑关系等要素。‎ ‎2．抓关键词(话题词汇和行为动词)，巧串联，明文章大意 速读全文，结合文中“students, grades, handwriting, subjects, nurtured”等话题词汇和“discussed, surprising, become a different person, encourage, convince, sat up straighter, paid more attention”等关键信息词汇可知，此文是关于“我”刚当老师时不经意地表扬了一个孩子，从而使这个孩子发生了巨大变化的故事。‎ 本文的行文脉络如下：‎ 解答夹叙夹议文类完形填空时，思维应灵活，抓住作者的观点即主题，把叙事和明理联系起来，随着记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式。本文先叙后议，在做题时要有全局观念，进行连续性思维，要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，才能提高解题正确率。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者无意中对学生的表扬，却使学生改变很大，学生的母亲感激万分。由此，作者也感悟：小小的善举却能产生重大的作用。‎ ‎1．选D　从空格后的“I gave an honest account of the students' work”可知，我是一名新老师。‎ ‎2．选C　从上文“In Simon's case ... handwriting.”可知西蒙的学习成绩不好，书写也很差，但空格后为“he was a bright student”，故填but表示转折。‎ ‎3．选B　根据上文提到“he was a bright student”，但他的成绩却很差可知，他的学习绝对没有反映他的能力。ability“能力”，故选B。‎ ‎4．选C　由于西蒙在学校的成绩不好，西蒙的母亲进来时，“我”的手心冒汗，当她亲吻“我”的双颊时，“我”感到完全出乎意料。unprepared“无准备的，没有预料到的”，符合语境。desperate“绝望的”，responsible“负责的”，unsuitable“不适当的”，均不符合语境。‎ ‎5．选A　根据下文“He talked of ... a friend's house.”和西蒙母亲对“我”的态度可推知，西蒙的改变是因为“我”。in spite of“尽管”，apart from“除……外”，as for“至于”，均不符合语境。because of“因为，由于”，故选A。‎ ‎6．选A　根据西蒙因为“我”改变他很多，且西蒙的母亲很感激可推断西蒙是喜欢“我”的。因此选A。‎ ‎7．选C　根据西蒙开始交朋友可知，他在朋友家度过一个下午这件事发生在最近。gradually“逐步地”，constantly“不断地”，obviously“明显地”，均不符合语境。‎ ‎8．‎ 选A　根据西蒙的变化可知，作者在西蒙身上培养的是好的品质。selfrespect“自尊”。selfdoubt“自我怀疑，缺少自信”，selfpity“自怜，自哀”，selfdefense“自卫”，均不符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎9．选C　“我”坐在那儿，惊呆了，大概有半个小时，不知道刚刚发生了什么。根据语境可知，用wonder，表示惊讶。‎ ‎10．选B　“我”是怎样使那个男孩的生活发生改变的？甚至连“我”自己都不知道。even“甚至”，表示程度。‎ ‎11．选B　从下文可知，作者是在回忆原因。故用remember。‎ ‎12．选D　“我”最后记起来，几个月前的一天，一些学生在全班同学面前作报告。give report“作报告”。‎ ‎13．选A　根据下文“Speak up.”可知，珍妮声音太小，故用quietly。repeatedly“重复地”，quickly“迅速地”，firmly“坚定地，坚固地”，均不符合语境。‎ ‎14．选C　根据下文“the last kid in the last row”可知，西蒙是最后一排最后一个学生，故他是唯一一个要被说服的。故选C。‎ ‎15．选D　根据“the last kid in the last row”可知，选back。‎ ‎16．选B　从下文“and became happy”可知smile符合语境。‎ ‎17．选D　那都是因为他碰巧是最后一排的最后一个孩子。happened“碰巧”。‎ ‎18．选B　作者对西蒙的称赞是无意的，但对于坐最后一排、年仅12岁的西蒙来说，这是一种表扬，故用praise。‎ ‎19．选C　在“我”多年的教书生涯中，这给“我”‎ 上了最有价值的一堂课。根据语境可知，这件事让作者感悟很多。difficult“困难的”，painful“令人痛苦的”，enjoyable“使人快乐的”，均不符合语境。‎ ‎20．选A　early“早地”；slowly“缓慢地”；frequently“频繁地”；occasionally“偶尔”。根据语境可知，作者感谢它来得早。故选A。‎ ‎[完形填空系列技法2]　利用语法结构和逻辑关系解题 语法结构分析题在每年的完形填空中所占的比重较小，主要集中于考查定语从句、状语从句、倒装句、比较句或并列平行结构等语法项目，选项常设置为表示各种逻辑关系的连接成分。逻辑关系一般包括并列、递进、因果、转折、让步、时间、顺序及举例等。这些逻辑关系往往隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。如果考生能够通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，那么题目的难度就大大降低了。‎ 例如本篇完形填空的第2题，句意：对西蒙来说，成绩极其差。他不认得自己的字。__2__ 他是一个聪明的学生。根据语境可知，两者之间存在转折关系，故选择C项But。再如第10题，句意：“我惊呆地坐了大约半个小时，想知道发生了什么。我是如何对那个男孩产生了如此改变人生的影响__10__不知道这个影响？”根据语境可知，空格前后应该为递进关系，故选择B项even(甚至)。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．awfully adv. 非常；极其 ‎2．subject n．　主题；科目 ‎ ‎3．reflect vt. 反映；反射；表达 ‎4．sweat vt. 使出汗 ‎5．grateful adj. 感谢的；令人愉快的 ‎6．convince vt. 说服；使确信 ‎7．give an account of 叙述；说明；报告 ‎8．in one's case 对某人来说；在某人的案例中 ‎ ‎9．in no way 决不 ‎ ‎10．talk of 谈论；议论；谈到 ‎11．make friends 交朋友 ‎ ‎12．make a difference 有影响；起重要作用 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Being in the school's science lab can be exciting, because you're doing something different from sitting at your desk listening to your teacher. But fun as lab work is, you have to observe the safety rules if you don't want to hurt yourself or your lab partner.‎ The first rule is to behave responsibly in the laboratory at all times. When your teacher is showing you lab equipment, listen to what he is telling you, because some of the equipment can be ‎ dangerous.‎ Become familiar with your lab assignment (任务) before you start doing it. This means reading everything the teacher has written down and asking questions if you don't understand an instruction or a term.‎ Do not try to work alone. If your partner is absent, let your teacher know so she can assign another student to work with you. And don't do any other experiments other than what you have been assigned. Wear your lab apron (围裙) and safety goggles (护目镜) whenever you are working on a lab assignment. On lab days, wear old clothing that you won't mind getting damaged. Make sure this clothing covers as much of your skin as possible. Keep your hands away from your skin, face, eyes and mouth when you are working with dangerous chemicals.‎ You will be working with fire in the lab with an alcohol lamp. Use gloves when handling hot lab equipment. If you have long hair, pull it back in a ponytail (马尾辫) and roll up long sleeves. Don't put paper, chemicals, lab equipment or any part of your body in the flame.‎ When you use a sharp instrument, treat it with care. Do not point it at yourself or any one of your fellow classmates during the experiment.‎ 语篇解读：在实验室做实验很有趣，但也处处存在危险。因此，遵守实验室的安全规则是很有必要的。‎ ‎1．If you don't follow the safety rules, you will probably ‎ ________.‎ A．be laughed at　　　　　　 B．lose your life C．hurt yourself D．fail in the experiment 解析：选C　细节理解题。整篇文章都在告诉我们，如果不遵守安全规则，就有可能受伤。‎ ‎2．The underlined word “observe” in Paragraph 1 means “________”．‎ A．obey B．watch C．notice D．report 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“if you don't want to hurt yourself or your lab partner”可推断出observe在句中的意思是“遵守”。如果你不想伤害自己或同伴，一定要严格遵守安全规则。‎ ‎3．Having long hair can be dangerous when you ________.‎ A．roll up long sleeves B．use an alcohol lamp C．use a sharp instrument D．work with dangerous chemicals 解析：选B　推理判断题。第五段主要讲的是在实验室用酒精灯时要注意的事项。由此可推断出，长头发在使用酒精灯时可能有危险。‎ ‎4．What's the best title for the passage?‎ A．Ways to do experiments B．Exciting or dangerous?‎ C．Safety rules in the science lab D．Observe carefully in the lab 解析：选C　标题归纳题。文章主要讲的是在实验室要遵守的安全规则，故C项为最佳选项。‎ B ‎“I really like dancing，” says 11yearold Jonathan Rosario of New York City. “That's what I want to be when I grow up — a dancer.”‎ Every Saturday, Jonathan and hundreds of other children from New York City public schools take classes at National Dance Institute (NDI). The nonprofit organization in Upper Manhattan was founded in 1976 by dancing star Jacques d' Amboise, who grew up in a tough (充满犯罪与暴力的) neighborhood. It has been teaching school children how to dance through weekly classes for over 30 years. NDI also supports programs in New York City public schools, helping thousands of children to express themselves creatively.‎ On a recent visit to NDI, I watched as Jonathan and other students practiced for an upcoming performance. I also spoke with d' Amboise about the influence that dance has had on his life and why he started a program for children.‎ ‎“Dance changed me，” he said, “and I'd like to see other ‎ young people — especially boys — have the arts in their life, using dance as a window.”‎ For d' Amboise, dancing is like competitive sports. Ice hockey (冰球) players, for example, “learn to compete as a single person and as a team，” he said. “They learn how to win or lose and accept either result. And they develop skills and unity by being on a team.” The same is true for dancers.‎ Jonathan says that Saturdays at NDI are all about energy and fun. But dancing also requires great effort. “Work hard，” he advises other young people, “and you'll make it.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。纽约市的一家非营利舞蹈机构每周给孩子们提供舞蹈课程，让他们感受舞蹈的魅力。‎ ‎5. What do we know about NDI?‎ A．It has a history of 30 years.‎ B．It offers dancing lessons to stars.‎ C．It has reached thousands of children.‎ D．It gets support from some public schools. ‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“NDI also supports ... helping thousands of children”可知，已经有成千上万的孩子参加NDI机构的舞蹈课程。‎ ‎6．D' Amboise set up NDI because he realized that ________.‎ A．there was no such organization for boys B．dancing made a person become more creative C．many young people were changed through dancing D．the arts were an important part of children's education 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I'd like to see other young people ... have the arts in their life, using dance as a window”可知，d' Amboise因为舞蹈改变了他自己，之后认识到了表演艺术对于其他孩子的重要性，因此才创建了NDI这个机构。‎ ‎7．D' Amboise compared dancing with ice hockey to show that ________.‎ A．both dancing and ice hockey are competitive B．results come first for both dancers and players C．both skills and teamwork are important in dancing D．victory and loss are common for both dancers and players 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，d' Amboise将舞蹈和冰球相比是为了说明舞蹈和冰球一样，不仅需要个人技能的发展也需要团队合作精神。‎ ‎8．In Jonathan's opinion, dancing is ________.‎ A．just plain fun B．easier than it looks C．a tiring activity nobody really likes D．something one can achieve through hard work 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中Jonathan说的“But dancing also requires great effort.”和“Work hard ... and you'll make it.”可知，他认为只要努力付出，人们就可以在舞蹈上有所成就。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 A year ago, when my siblings (兄弟姐妹) and I left home, my parents moved to the other side of the country. They had built a beautiful house and they love their new, pleasant __1__. My dad still works, but Mum __2__ early last year and is now __3__ and becoming increasingly unhappy and __4__. She has tried joining clubs, __5__ people and integrating (融入群体) into her new community but without any luck.‎ She still knows no one despite her best __6__. The area they have moved to is closed and __7__ to strangers. She is many miles from her old friends and family, __8__ all day, every day with only pets for company. She is very intelligent, artistic, loyal and funny — a truly amazing person. She has always had lovely friends and been __9__ and busy. It is breaking my heart to watch her __10__ loneliness and so many knockbacks (挫折)．‎ Recently, when I chat to her, I have noticed her low __11__ — she jokes that she feels as if she is __12__ a bit of craziness from the quiet and __13__. After many years of working and __14__ a family, she should be finally free to enjoy herself. __15__， my siblings and I do not live nearby so we cannot visit her frequently — we all keep in contact with her by phone. My dad doesn't understand her __16__ as he is out at work all day. He is busy with his job and cannot understand how she can be so unhappy when ‎ living in such a beautiful place and without the pressure of work. He is at a loss how he can __17__ things and feels guilty and __18__ for how she feels. It has got so bad that they are __19__ moving again to a different area. However, I am in favor of that.‎ Friendship and __20__ are far more important than a fancy house.‎ 语篇解读：母亲退休后，搬了新家，尽管房子很漂亮，但在新的地方，习惯了忙碌的母亲却感到不快乐和孤独，作者由此得出：在人生中，友谊和快乐远比昂贵奢华的房子重要。‎ ‎1．A.scenery　　　　　　　 B．surroundings C．atmosphere D．attraction 解析：选B　根据前文的“my parents moved to the other side of the country ... love their new, pleasant”可知，他们在那里建造了新家并且也很喜欢那儿的环境。故选B。scenery“景色，风景”；surroundings“环境”；atmosphere“气氛”；attraction“吸引人的事物”。‎ ‎2．A.dismissed B．displaced C．retired D．removed 解析：选C　根据前文的“My dad still works”及“but”可知，此处前后是转折关系，所以这里表示母亲已经退休。故选C。dismiss“解雇”；displace“取代”；retire“退休”；remove“搬走”。‎ ‎3．A.struggling B．imagining C．seeking D．attempting 解析：选A　根据空格后的“and becoming increasingly unhappy and __4__”可知，母亲不太适应新的环境，所以此处表示母亲正努力适应环境。故选A。struggle“奋斗，努力”；imagine“想象”；seek“寻找”；attempt“企图”。‎ ‎4．A.available B．satisfied C．painful D．alone 解析：选D　根据后文的“She has tried joining clubs，__5__ people and integrating (融入群体) into her new community but without any luck.”可知，她变得越来越不开心和孤独。故选D。available“可获得的”；satisfied“满足的”；painful“痛苦的”；alone“孤独的”。‎ ‎5．A.meeting B．recognizing C．tracking D．calling 解析：选A　根据前文的“She has tried joining clubs”可知，此处与前后文在语义上形成并列，即她曾经尝试着加入俱乐部，结识周围的人们，融入新的社区，但都不是那么幸运，故选A。meet“结识，相识”；recognize“辨别出，承认”；track“跟踪”；call“打电话”。‎ ‎6．A.comments B．regards ‎ C．efforts D．pains 解析：选C　根据前文的“... but without any luck”可知，尽管母亲付出了很大的努力但仍一个人也不认识，故选C。comment“评论”‎ ‎；regards“致意，问候”；effort“努力”；pain“痛苦”。‎ ‎7．A.illegal B．unfriendly C．dishonest D．innocent 解析：选B　此处表示我父母搬来的这个地方很封闭，对待陌生人也不友好，故选B。空前的closed“封闭的，闭关自守的”是解题的关键。illegal“不合法的”；unfriendly“不友好的”；dishonest“不诚实的”；innocent“纯真的，无辜的”。‎ ‎8．A.stuck B．lost C．sleepy D．addicted 解析：选A　分析句子结构可知，空处作状语修饰句子的主语She。根据前文的“She is many miles from her old friends and family”及后文的“every day with only pets for company”可知，此处表示她整天困在家中，故选A。stuck“困住的”；lost“迷失的”；sleepy “瞌睡的”；addicted“入迷的，上瘾的”。‎ ‎9．A.graceful B．messy C．aggressive D．happy 解析：选D　根据倒数第二段中的“He is busy with his job and cannot understand how she can be so unhappy”可知，母亲曾经是很幸福快乐的，搬家前后的生活形成了对比，故选D。graceful“优雅的”；messy “凌乱的”；aggressive“好斗的，声势浩大的”；happy“高兴的，幸福的”。‎ ‎10．A.escape B．bear C．undertake D．solve 解析：选B　此处表示看到母亲忍受孤独和打击，我的心就要碎了，故选B。escape“逃跑”；bear“忍受”；undertake“从事”；solve“解决”。‎ ‎11．A.attitude B．condition C．determination D．mood 解析：选D　此处表示我注意到母亲的情绪有点低落，故选D。attitude“态度”；condition“状况，状态”；determination“决心”；mood“情绪”。‎ ‎12．A.making up B．going through C．pursuing D．witnessing 解析：选B　此处表示母亲开玩笑似的说她好像正在经历来自安静和孤独的一丝疯狂，故选B。make up “编造，化妆”；go through“经历”；pursue“追求”；witness“目击，见证”。‎ ‎13．A.pressure B．loss C．loneliness D．ambition 解析：选C　根据前文“It is breaking my heart to watch her __10__ loneliness and so many knockbacks(挫折)．”可知，此处为原词复现，故选C。pressure“压力”；loss“丢失”；loneliness“孤独”；ambition“野心，志向”。‎ ‎14．A.supporting B．providing C．protecting D．educating 解析：选A　此处表示多年的工作和养育一家人后，她本可以自由地享受生活。此处supporting a family意为“养育一家人”，符合语境，故选A。support“养活，赡养，维持”；provide“提供”；protect“保护”；educate“教育”。‎ ‎15．A.Unbelievably B．Remarkably C．Unfortunately D．Especially 解析：选C　根据后文的“my siblings and I do not live nearby so we cannot visit her frequently — we all keep in contact with her by phone”可知，我和兄弟姐妹由于住的离母亲远，只能通过电话与她联系，所以此处应填Unfortunately“不幸地”，故选C。unbelievably“难以置信地”；remarkably“非凡地，引人注目地”；especially“尤其”。‎ ‎16．A.intention B．experience C．character D．situation 解析：选D　根据后文的“as he is out at work all day”可知，父亲整天在外面上班，他不能够理解母亲现在的状况，故选D。intention“意图”；experience“经历”；character“性格”；situation“情况，状况”。‎ ‎17．A.change B．observe C．appreciate D．increase 解析：‎ 选A　此处表示他也不知道如何改变现状，故选A。change“改变”；observe“观察”；appreciate“欣赏，感激”；increase“提高”。‎ ‎18．A.confused B．slim C．sad D．relaxed 解析：选C　此处表示父亲不知道如何改变现状，对母亲的感受感到内疚和忧伤，故选C。confused“迷惑的”；slim“小的，苗条的”；sad“忧伤的，难过的”；relaxed“放松的”。‎ ‎19．A.admitting B．considering C．enjoying D．avoiding 解析：选B　根据前文的“He is at a loss how he can __17__ things and feels guilty and __18__ for how she feels”可知，此处表示家人正在考虑搬到另外一个地方，故选B。admit“承认”；consider“考虑”；enjoy“享受”；avoid“避免”。‎ ‎20．A.excitement B．embarrassment C．disappointment D．enjoyment 解析：选D　此处表示友谊和快乐远比昂贵奢华的房子重要。故选D。excitement“兴奋”；embarrassment“尴尬”；disappointment“失望”；enjoyment“快乐”。‎