2020届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit2Cloning单元作业（9页）

2020届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit2Cloning单元作业（9页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版选修八 Unit 2 Cloning单元作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A About aspirin (阿司匹林)：‎ Aspirin is a commonly used drug which can be taken to relieve discomfort caused by numerous medical problems including headaches, toothache, inflammation and infections.It is also suitable to treat colds and flulike symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature.‎ Who can take aspirin?‎ Adults and children over 16 years of age.‎ Who should not take aspirin?‎ ‎·Women who are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant. Aspirin may harm your unborn baby.‎ ‎·Women who are breastfeeding. Aspirin can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.‎ ‎·People who have any problems with the way the liver works or with the way the kidneys work.‎ How to take aspirin：‎ Take aspirin after meals, with a full glass of water or milk.‎ ‎·The recommended dose (剂量) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g (12 tablets) in any 24hour period.‎ ‎·You must not take these tablets with any other medicine which contains any aspirin or painkiller.‎ How to store aspirin：‎ ‎·Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.‎ ‎·Store aspirin in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.‎ ‎·Do not put aspirin in the bathroom because the dampness there can ‎ cause it to lose its effectivenss.‎ ‎·Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of vinegar.‎ Possible side effects：‎ ‎·Feeling sick, increased risk of bleeding, stomach pain, indigestion and heartburn are common. If these effects continue, contact your doctor.‎ ‎·Ringing in the ears, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and mental confusion are rare. If these occur, stop taking the drug and contact your doctor for further advice.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要对药品阿司匹林的适用症状、适用人群、如何服用等进行了详细说明。‎ ‎1．In which case will you take aspirin according to the text?‎ A．Stomachache.　　　　　　B．Fever.‎ C．Breathlessness. D．Nosebleed.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It is also suitable to treat colds and flulike symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature.”可知，阿司匹林也适用于治疗感冒和类似流感的症状，也适用于退热，故选B。‎ ‎2．How many times can you take aspirin at most in a day?‎ A．6. B．4.‎ C．5. D．3.‎ 解析：选A　数字计算题。根据How to take aspirin中的“The recommended dose (剂量) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g (12 tablets) in any 24hour period.”可知，一天服用阿司匹林的次数最多是：12/2＝6(次)，故选A。‎ ‎3．What type of writing is this text?‎ A．An announcement. B．A medical report.‎ C．An official guide. D．Medical instructions.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解可知，本文是一篇药品说明书，对药品阿司匹林的适用症状、适用人群、如何服用等问题进行了详细的介绍，故选D。‎ B In the movie Jurassic Park，scientists clone dinosaurs by using the DNA that was preserved for millions of years. However, there is trouble when the cloned dinosaurs turn out fiercer and smarter than expected. Can dinosaurs really be cloned? Theoretically, they can; all that would be required is DNA from an extinct dinosaur and a currently living closely related species which would act as a surrogate mother (代孕母亲)．In fact, there is continuing research to clone the Woolly Mammoth by extracting (提取) the DNA from frozen animals.‎ Actually, cloning is a phenomenon that occurs naturally in a wide variety of species. Whenever you see a pair of identical twins, they are examples of nature's clones. Although scientists have been cloning certain plants like the carrot quite successfully for decades, attempts at cloning animals have not been as successful. However, they began long before the birth of Dolly, the sheep — the first mammal to be successfully cloned.‎ Cloning humans does give rise to some misgivings, _raising a number of moral problems involved. In fact, the social influences of producing humans artificially were brilliantly explored in the famous novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, and also in the movie The Island.‎ Human cloning is basically about creating a genetically (基因地) identical copy of a previously existing person. Why would some people ‎ choose to clone human beings? Well, generally, it could make couples unable to have babies have their own children. Replacing a dead child is also another reason why some people have expressed interest in the technology.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文，介绍了克隆的相关情况。‎ ‎4．The purpose of the first paragraph is to ________.‎ A．give us an introduction to a movie B．analyse the possibility of cloning C．give an introduction to the text D．tell us the importance of cloning 解析：选C　写作目的题。从后文内容可知，第一段主要是为了引出下文。‎ ‎5．We can infer from the second paragraph that ________.‎ A．more and more people are interested in cloning B．cloning has saved many animals from dying out C．cloning has a very short history D．cloning plants is much easier 解析：选D　推理判断题。第二段说明，人们已经成功克隆了植物，而动物还不太成功，说明克隆植物要比克隆动物简单得多。‎ ‎6．In what way is human cloning useful?‎ A．It can bring a dead person back to life.‎ B．It makes it possible to replace a dead child.‎ C．It can help cure some human diseases.‎ D．It can help people have more healthy children.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。从最后一段可知，克隆人可以替代一个死了的孩子或者帮助不孕夫妻受孕。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “misgivings” in the third paragraph mean?‎ A．Worries.　　　　　　　　 B．Aims.‎ C．Regulations. D．Principles.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。从该词后的“raising a number of moral problems involved”可知，克隆人引起了很多顾虑。misgiving意为“疑虑；顾虑”。‎ C You know the feeling — you have left your phone at home and feel anxious, as if you have lost your connection to the world.“Nomophobia” (无手机恐惧症) affects teenagers and adults alike. You can even do an online test to see if you have it. Last week, researchers from Hong Kong warned that nomophobia is infecting everyone. Their study found that people who use their phones to store, share and access personal memories suffer most. When users were asked to describe how they felt about their phones, words such as “hurt” (neck pain was often reported) and “alone” predicted higher levels of nomophobia.‎ ‎“The findings of our study suggest that users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices，” said Dr.Kim Ki Joon.“People experience feelings of anxiety and unpleasantness when separated from their phones.” Meanwhile, an American study shows that smartphone separation can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.‎ So can being without your phone really give you separation anxiety? Professor Mark Griffiths, psychologist and director of the International Gaming Research Unit at Nottingham Trent University, says it is what is on the phone that counts — the social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing out)．‎ ‎“We are talking about an Internetconnected device that allows people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives，” says Griffiths. “You would have to surgically remove a phone from a teenager because their whole life is ingrained_in this device.”‎ Griffiths thinks attachment theory, where we develop emotional dependency on the phone because it holds details of our lives, is a small part of nomophobia. For “screenagers”， it is Fomo that creates the most separation anxiety. If they can't see what's happening on Snapchat or Instagram, they become panicstricken about not knowing what's going on socially. “But they adapt very quickly if you take them on holiday and there's no Internet，” says Griffiths.‎ 语篇解读：手机没带在身边，你是不是总感觉少了点什么？研究发现，人们对手机的依赖性越来越强，很多人都患上了“无手机恐惧症”，那么到底是什么导致这种症状发生的呢？‎ ‎8．Which of the following may Dr. Kim Ki Joon agree with?‎ A．We waste too much time on phones.‎ B．Phones have become part of some users.‎ C．Addiction to phones makes memories suffer.‎ D．Phones and blood pressure are closely linked.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The findings of our study suggest that users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices”这句话可以看出Dr. Kim Ki Joon认为手机用户已经把手机看作是自我的延伸，是自己不可分割的一部分。故答案选B。‎ ‎9．According to Griffiths, we get nomophobia because ________.‎ A．we are accustomed to having a phone on us B．we need our phones to help us store information C．we worry we may miss out what our friends are doing D．we fear without phones we will run into a lot of trouble 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段“... says it is what is on the phone that counts — the social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing out)”可知，为什么手机不在身边会焦虑是因为现在的人都用手机(软件)来进行社交联系。故答案选C。‎ ‎10．Which of the following phrases has the closest meaning to the underlined phrase “ingrained in” in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Relied on.　　　　　　 B．Opposed to.‎ C．Approved of. D．Determined by.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第四段的内容可知，年轻人很难摆脱手机是因为他们现在的整个生活都跟手机有关，他们的生活很多方面都要靠手机。故答案选A。‎ ‎11．Where can you probably find the above passage?‎ A．In a research report.‎ B．In a fashion brochure.‎ C．In a science textbook.‎ D．In a popular science magazine.‎ 解析：选D　文章出处题。整篇文章介绍了最新的关于“无手机恐惧症”的研究以及原因剖析，应该出现在科学报纸或杂志中。故答案选D。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2019·济南模拟)Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. According to the wellknown saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.‎ ‎__1__. Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thoughts. Far from being a sign of madness, selftalk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, and even regulate our emotions.‎ ‎__2__. You are very likely to hear him/her talking to himself/herself: offering himself/herself directions and giving voice to his/her frustrations. Psychologists refer to this as private speech that is spoken but directed at the self. We do a lot of it when we are young.‎ As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others.__3__， we don't abandon this system — we internalize (使内在化) it. Psychological experiments have shown that this socalled inner speech can improve our performance on tasks ranging from judging what other people are thinking to sorting images into categories.__4__. One recent study suggested that selftalk is the most effective when we address ourselves as “you” rather than “I”．‎ We internalize the private speech we used as children — but we never entirely put away the loud version.__5__， turn on the sports channel. You're bound to see an athlete or two gearing themselves up with a tart phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot.‎ A．As we grow older B．If you want the proof C．Go with your friends to debate D．But there's no need for embarrassment E．Although we may think it seems silly to talk to ourselves secretly F．The effect of our words can give us a valuable perspective on our actions G．Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with his/her toys 语篇解读：我们容易把自言自语认为是疯癫的表现，然而心理学研究表明，自言自语不但不是疯癫的信号，还大有裨益。‎ ‎1．选D　根据第一段第二句和本段介绍自言自语的好处可知，本段首句为表示转折的过渡句，故D项符合语境。‎ ‎2．选G　空格后讲的是很容易听到小孩子自己跟自己说话，所以G项“去任何一家幼儿园看一个小孩子玩他/她的玩具”符合语境。‎ ‎3．选A　空格前介绍的是孩提时代自言自语的情况，后面应该是这种情况在长大后的改变，故A项符合语境。‎ ‎4．选F　上文讲的是心理学实验证实了自言自语的正面作用，故此处是继续叙述其积极影响，且与本段最后一句中的研究有顺承关系，故F项符合语境。‎ ‎5．选B　空处下文讲的是在体育频道可以看到一些运动员的表现，这些都是证据。故B项“如果你想要证据的话”符合语境。‎