2018届北师大版选修7一轮复习：Unit21Humanbiology单元学案（27页）

2018届北师大版选修7一轮复习：Unit21Humanbiology单元学案（27页）

Ⅰ.高考单词→识记·思考·运用 ‎1.核心词汇 ‎①________vt.寻找 ‎②________adj.每年的，一年一次的 ‎③________vi.满足；迎合 ‎④________vt.款待 ‎⑤________vt.推迟，延期 ‎⑥________vi.下降 ‎⑦unite vt.联合；团结；统一________adj.团结的________n.联合 ‎⑧tolerate vt.容忍________adj.宽容的，容忍的________n.宽容；容忍 ‎⑨oppose vt.反对________adj.相反的；反对的 n.反义词________n.反方；对立面________adj.相反的，对立的 ‎⑩prohibit vt.禁止________n.禁止；禁令________adj.禁止的 ‎⑪faith n.信心________adj.守信的；忠实的________adv.忠实地，真诚地 ‎⑫equip vt.装备；使有准备________n.装备；装备品 ‎⑬submit vt.认为；提交________n.屈从，屈服；意见；提交________adj.服从的 ‎⑭privilege n.特权________adj.荣幸的 ‎⑮fortune n.大笔钱财，巨款 ________adj.幸运的________adv.幸运地________adv.不幸地 ‎⑯rob vt.使丧失；抢劫________n.抢劫犯________n.抢劫 ‎ ‎⑰concern n.担心，担忧________adj.担心的；有关的________prep.关于 答案　①seek　②annual　③cater ④treat　⑤postpone　⑥decline ⑦united；union　⑧tolerant；tolerance　⑨opposite；opposition；opposed　⑩prohibition；prohibitive　⑪faithful；faithfully　⑫equipment ⑬submission；submissive　⑭privileged　⑮fortunate；fortunately；unfortunately　⑯robber；robbery ‎⑰concerned；concerning ‎2.常考词汇 ‎①compulsory adj.________‎ ‎②temporary adj. ________‎ ‎③circumstance n.________‎ ‎④interval n.________‎ ‎⑤controversial adj.________‎ ‎⑥contradict vt.________‎ ‎⑦violate vt.________‎ ‎⑧prescription n.________‎ ‎⑨sceptical adj.________‎ ‎⑩absurd adj.________‎ 答案　①强制性的，义务的　②临时的；短暂的　③情形；情况　④间隔；间歇　⑤有争议的　⑥与(其他事物)相矛盾　⑦违反，违背　⑧处方 ⑨怀疑的　⑩不合理的；荒谬的 ‎ 用所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎1.Your lives are busy enough doing homework，playing sports，making friends，________(seek) after your dreams.(2016·四川，阅读B)‎ ‎2.She is very much opposed to your ________(marry) her.‎ ‎3.As far as I am ________(concern)，in the information，on－line voting plays an important part in our daily life.(2016·江苏，书面表达)‎ ‎4.From now on any ________(violate) of the regulation must be cruelly punished.‎ ‎5.Tomorrow is the last date for ________(submit) of entries for the competition.‎ ‎6.Hard work keeps away poverty.________(tolerate) keeps away violence.‎ ‎7.We ________(prohibition)air guns and the weapons that might wound someone.‎ ‎8.This is a modern，bright and well ________ hospital，and its ________ is of the first level.(equip)‎ ‎9.Several ________ robbed the bank of an enormous sum of money，making the largest ________ of this city in the last decade.But they were soon caught by the police.(rob)‎ ‎10.As we all know，an ________ meeting is held ________.(annual)‎ ‎11.Owing to the bad weather，we decided to postpone ________(leave).‎ ‎12.The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic ________(regulate) came into effect.‎ ‎13.The manager thinks she is ________ to him and always helps him ________.(faith)‎ ‎14.She was very ________ to come into a large fortune, but ________ she was confirmed to suffer from a deadly disease.(fortune)‎ 答案　1.seeking　2.marrying 3.concerned　4.violation　5.submission　6.Toleration　7.prohibit 8.equipped；equipment　9.robbers；robbery　10.annual；annually 11.leaving　12.regulations　13.faithful；faithfully　14.fortunate；unfortunately ‎【联想·积累】‎ ‎❶聚焦“状况，情况”相关名词 ‎①condition状态；环境 ‎②state状态，状况 ‎③situation情形，处境 ‎④circumstance环境，状况 ‎⑤status地位；情形 ‎❷annual相关形容词全扫描 ‎①weekly每周的 ‎②monthly每月的 ‎③daily每日的 ‎④quarterly每季度的 ‎⑤hourly每小时的 ‎⑥minutely每分钟的 ‎❸由decline想到的 ‎①增加：rise，increase，go up ‎②减少：fall，drop，decrease，decline，go down ‎❹“寻找，搜寻”词汇一览 ‎①look for寻找 ‎②search for搜寻 ‎③seek (for)寻找 ‎④hunt for搜寻，寻找 ‎❺“财富”相关名词小聚 ‎①fortune大笔钱财 ‎②treasure财富，财产 ‎③wealth财富 ‎④possession财产，财富 ‎⑤property财产，不动产 ‎❻oppose近/反义词大全 ‎①reject v.拒绝 ‎②object v.反对；不赞成 ‎③agree v.同意→disagree v.反对 ‎④agreement n.同意→disagreement n.不同意 ‎⑤approve v.赞成；批准→disapprove v.不赞成 ‎⑥approval n.赞成；批准→disapproval n.不赞成 开心词场→核心单词串记 It is reported that the building of the factory was postponed，because the villagers living near opposed it.They prohibited the workers from going on their work，for they couldn’t tolerate the big noise.It was known to people that the factory was responsible for it.However，the factory didn’t want to submit to the ‎ villagers.They were seeking good solutions to the matter.‎ Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用 ‎1.动词＋介词/副词 ‎①wipe ________彻底毁灭 ‎②rob sb ________sth抢劫某人某物 ‎③get down ________开始做 ‎④bring ________教育；抚养；呕吐 ‎⑤get ________通过(考试)；完成 ‎⑥clear ________整理；解释；澄清；放晴 ‎⑦put ________推迟；延期 ‎⑧miss ________遗漏；遗忘；错过机会 ‎⑨focus ________聚焦；集中；对准 答案　①out　②of　③to　④up　⑤through　⑥up　⑦off　⑧out　⑨on ‎2.介词＋名词 ‎①________vain徒劳，白费力气 ‎②________random随便地，随意地 ‎③________all costs不管多大代价 ‎④________any rate无论如何；至少 答案　①in　②at　③at　④at ‎3.其他形式 ‎①stop sth ________its tracks终止；消灭 ‎②straight ________立刻，马上 答案　①in　②away 用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空 ‎1.It is raining now，but I think it will ____________soon.‎ ‎2.I tried to make his peace with her，but ____________.‎ ‎3.Last week，I was ____________my wallet in front of a hotel on my way home.‎ ‎4.The noise made it hard for me to ____________work.‎ ‎5.It’s not a easy task for you to ____________a small child on your own.‎ ‎6.Had the boy worked harder，he would have ____________the exams.‎ ‎7.It’s time I ____________thinking about that essay.‎ ‎8.I’ll just read through the form again to make sure I haven’t ____________anything ____________.‎ 答案　1.clear up　2.in vain 3.robbed of　4.focus on　5.bring up 6.got through　‎ ‎7.got down to 8.missed；out ‎【联想·积累】‎ ‎❶“立即，即刻”全接触 ‎①immediately adv.立即，即刻 ‎②instantly adv.即刻，马上 ‎③at once立即 ‎④in no time立刻，马上 ‎⑤in a flash即刻 ‎⑥right now/away立刻 ‎⑦straight away立刻 ‎❷表示“开始/着手做某事”的短语精选 ‎①get down to doing sth ‎②set out to do sth ‎③set about doing sth ‎④settle down to sth ‎⑤start/begin doing/to do sth Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用 原句背诵感悟 ‎1.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.‎ 获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。‎ ‎2.The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.‎ 人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。‎ ‎3.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.‎ 西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的而不是老年人，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。‎ 句型公式仿写 ‎1.it作形式主语 ‎____________________ the driving test this time.‎ 他这次或许能通过驾照考试。‎ ‎2.rather than“而不是”‎ As students，we should try to get good results by studying hard ____________________.‎ 作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。‎ ‎3.sb/sth be believed to...“某人或某物被认为是……”‎ The book ____________________ several foreign languages.‎ 据说这本书已被翻译成了好几种外国语言。‎ 答案　1.It is possible for him to pass 2.rather than cheating in exams 3.is said to have been translated into ‎【联想·积累】‎ ‎“sb/sth is/was believed＋to be/do”用法小结 ‎(1) “sb/sth is/was believed＋to be/do”为固定结构，意为“人们认为(相信)……，被认为是/做……”，其中的不定式作主语补足语。常用于这种句型的动词有say/hope/think/report/know等。动词用被动语态，其主语为指人或物的名词，意为“据说/希望/认为/报道/众所周知……”。‎ ‎(2)当动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，不定式用完成式；强调动作正在进行式，不定式用进行式。‎ ‎(3)sb/sth be believed/said/thought/reported...to be/do...句型可转化为People believe/say/think/report.../It is believed/said/thought/reported that...“人们相信/说/认为/报道……”。‎ ‎[单 词 点 睛]‎ 高考必备词汇——精讲精练 ‎1.seek(sought，sought) vt.寻找，寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图 ‎[高考佳句]It makes no difference from ordinary voting events，in which candidates go around to seek supports.(2016·江苏，书面表达)‎ 这与普通的投票活动没有什么区别，投票时候选人四处寻求支持。‎ seek sth from sb向某人请求/寻求某物 seek after/for sb(sth)寻求某人(某物)‎ seek one’s fortune寻找成功(致富)的机会 seek out找出；寻出 seek to do sth试图做某事 单句语法填空/写作运用 ‎①Many people spend years ________(seek)for peace of mind，often with little success.‎ ‎②They sought ________a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.‎ ‎③He told us that he was going to Beijing to ____________and I suggested that he ____________his teacher and shouldn’t ____________comfort，personal fame or gain.‎ 他告诉我们他要去北京碰碰运气，我建议这件事情他应该请教他的老师，不要一味地贪图安逸，追名逐利。‎ 答案　①seeking　②out　③seek his fortune；should seek advice from；seek(after/for)‎ ‎2.oppose vt.& vi.反对；反抗 ‎[教材原句]Gene－therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.‎ 基因治疗有很多争议，许多人反对进一步研究。‎ ‎(1)oppose doing sth反对做某事 oppose sb’s doing sth反对某人做某事 ‎(2)opposed adj.相反的；对立的 be opposed to (doing) sth反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立 单句语法填空 ‎①Her wealthy parents opposed/were opposed to ________(she)marrying a boy from a poor family.‎ ‎②We all strongly oppose ________(drive)after drinking.‎ 答案　①her　②driving ‎[语境助记]Many residents were opposed to tearing down/opposed tearing down the old buildings.It’s obvious that the attitude of the government was opposed to theirs.‎ 许多居民反对拆毁旧房子。然而政府的态度明显和他们的态度是截然不同的。‎ ‎3.prohibit vt.禁止，阻止 ‎[教材原句]Since the SARS epidemic ended，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.‎ ‎“非典”疫潮结束后，科学家们就在做医学实验以预防将来再次爆发。‎ ‎(1)prohibit (doing) sth禁止(做)某事 ‎(2)禁止某人做某事 ‎(3)prohibition n.禁止；禁令 单句语法填空/写作运用 ‎①It was the bad weather that prohibited ________(they) going to the science museum.‎ ‎②Some people think that it’s necessary to prohibit people’s using mobile phones in some places.‎ ‎＝Some people think that it’s necessary to ________________(use) mobile phones in some places.‎ 一些人认为有必要禁止人们在一些场合使用手机。‎ 答案　①their/them　②prohibit people from using ‎【联想归纳】　类似于“prohibit sb from doing sth”的表达法：‎ 阻止某人做某事 protect sb from...保护某人不受伤害……‎ ‎4.decline vi.&vt.下降；衰退；谢绝 n.下降；衰退 ‎[高考佳句]Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own food.(2016·江苏，阅读B)‎ 甚至母黑猩猩经常拒绝与她们的孩子分享食物，这些小黑猩猩就能从年轻的时候收集他们自己的食物。‎ 写出下列句中decline的词性和词义 ‎①I invited her to my wedding，but she declined my invitation.‎ ‎②The company reported a small decline in its profits.‎ ‎③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month.‎ ‎④Industry in Britain has been in decline since 1970s.‎ ‎(1)decline to do sth婉拒做某事 ‎(2)decline in/of sth在某方面减少/下降 on the decline走下坡路，在衰退中 fall/go into (a) decline开始衰落，陷入衰退 单句语法填空 ‎⑤The intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry fall ________ a decline.‎ 答案　①v.谢绝　②n.下降　③v.下降　④n.衰退　⑤into ‎5.submit v.服从；提交；递交；呈递 ‎[高考佳句]If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers，you need to submit it to Smart Animals.(2015·陕西，阅读A)‎ 如果你想跟读者分享你的宠物的故事，要给Smart Animals投稿。‎ submit...to...把……提交给……；向……提出 submit sb/oneself to 使某人/自己甘受，服从 submit to服从于，屈服于 单句语法填空/写作运用 ‎①They had to submit ________(they)to his judgement.‎ ‎②He____________ the headmaster’s order finally that all teachers ________________ the headmaster.‎ 他最终服从了校长的命令——所有的老师都应将那份报告呈交给校长。‎ 答案　①themselves　②submitted to；should submit that report to ‎【名师指津】　在submit...to...短语中，submit是及物动词，意为“呈交，提交”；而在submit to 短语中，submit是不及物动词，意为“服从，屈服”。‎ 常考必会词汇——理解辨认 ‎1.postpone vt.推迟，延期 ‎[教材原句]I decided not to postpone studying (as I normally do！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.‎ 我决定不推迟学习(就像我平常那样！)，而是每天早上早点起床立刻开始学习。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①They always look for excuses to postpone ________(do)something.‎ ‎②It has been decided the meeting should be postponed ________next Saturday.‎ 答案　①doing　②until/to ‎2.equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备 ‎[高考佳句]To keep the feet dry and comfortable，this new kind of shoes is equipped with a micro－fan.(2014·湖南，书面表达)‎ 为了保持双脚干爽舒适，这种新的鞋子配有微型风扇。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Please equip yourself ________a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.‎ ‎②It is clear that high－tech ________(equip) has become popular among teenagers and changed their way of life.‎ 答案　①with　②equipment ‎3.digest vt.消化 ‎[经典例句]Do not undertake strenuous exercise for a few hours after a meal to allow food to digest.‎ 饭后几个小时不要从事剧烈运动，以便食物能够消化。‎ 写出下列句中digest的词性和词义 ‎①It took me some time to digest what I had heard.‎ ‎②We may not be able to digest foods as easily as we once could.‎ ‎③The digest will be available for sale online or in stores.‎ 答案　①v.理解　②v.消化　③n.文摘 ‎[短 语 点 拨]‎ ‎1.at all costs不惜代价地，无论如何 ‎[教材原句]The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.‎ 人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。‎ ‎(1)at the cost/expense of...丧失，牺牲；以……为代价 at a cost of...以……的费用/价格 at any cost以任何代价 ‎(2)cost sb sth花某人……，使某人付出/丧失 单句语法填空/写作运用 ‎①The hero saved the boy’s life out of the burning library at ________ cost of his own life，which was put up at ________ cost of one million dollars last year.‎ ‎②We are determined to ________________.‎ 我们决定要不惜一切代价获取我们的权利。‎ 答案　①the；a　②obtain our rights at any cost ‎2.at any rate无论如何；不管怎样；反正，至少 ‎[教材原句]If trends continue the way they’re going，then in my opinion，yes—in developed countries at any rate.‎ 如果这种趋势继续以它们现在的方式发展下去的话，我认为至少在发达国家是那样的。‎ at this/that rate照此情形；如此下去 at the/a rate of以……的速度或比率；以……的价格 写作运用 ‎①We’re working so slowly that，____________，we’ll never finish the job.‎ 我们干的太慢了，照这样下去，永远也干不完这个活。‎ ‎②The train was traveling at ____________100 kilometres an hour.‎ 火车以每小时100公里的速度行驶。‎ 答案　①at this rate　②the/a rate of ‎【名师指津】　at this/that rate “照这样继续下去；照此情形”；at a/the rate of “以……速度/比率”。‎ ‎[句 式 透 析]‎ ‎1.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.‎ 获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。‎ ‎(1)“It is＋adj.＋for sb to do...”‎ 结构中的形容词仅仅描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价。这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，impossible等。‎ 写作运用 ‎①It’s very dangerous ________________ the busy street.‎ 对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。‎ ‎②Nowadays ________________ students to master a foreign language.‎ 现在对我们学生来说掌握一门外语是非常重要的。‎ ‎(2)“It is＋adj.＋of sb to do...”结构中的形容词描述不定式行为者的性格、品质。这类形容词有 kind，good，right，clever，foolish 等。‎ ‎③________________ to work out the maths problem.‎ 你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。‎ 答案　①for children to cross　②it is important for us ‎③It’s clever of you ‎2.[教材原句]The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.‎ 人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。‎ ‎(1)rather than为并列连词，意为“而不是，与其……不如……”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。‎ 单句语法填空/写作运用 ‎①If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than ________(complain).‎ ‎(2)常用句型 ‎②She preferred ________(stay) at home rather than ________(go) shopping with him.‎ ‎(3)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。‎ ‎③Mary，rather than you，________________ the work on time.‎ 是玛丽而不是你应为没有按时完成工作而受责备。‎ 答案　①complaining　②to stay；go　③is to blame for not finishing 课堂作业 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1.It was an unpopular decision to postpone ________(build) the new school.‎ ‎2.I am very much opposed to ________(permit) him to go alone.‎ ‎3.It is my finances that prohibit my ________(go) to college.‎ ‎4.It is necessary ________ us to examine the papers before handing them in.‎ ‎5.You rather than anyone else ________(be) to blame for the mistake.‎ ‎6.He is said ________(study) in the US now.‎ ‎7.If Bob ________(come) here yesterday，he could have seen Jackie Chan.‎ ‎8.It’s clever ________ you ________(work)out the math problem in such a short time.‎ ‎9.Nobody can tolerate ________(cheat)，and that’s why he has no friend.‎ ‎10.________(equip) with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.‎ 答案　1.building　2.permitting　3.going　4.for 5.are　6.to be studying　7.had come　8.of；to work　9.being cheated　10.Equipped Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1.It is nice for you to give us so much help.‎ ‎2.Strangely，Mr.Green，opposing to the new policy，made no remark in the discussion.‎ ‎3.I always have faith he will come to our party in person.‎ ‎4.My deskmate，rather than you，are responsible for the work.‎ ‎5.He made fortune in his business trade last year.‎ ‎6.Thankfully，this is a disease that is now in the decline.‎ ‎7.They are urgently seeking out the posts where they are well paid.‎ ‎8.No matter how hard the situation is，you should not lose your heart.‎ 答案　1.for→of　2.opposing→opposed　3.faith后加that　4.are→is　5.made后加a　6.in→on　7.out→after/for　8.去掉your Ⅲ.课文缩写语法填空 The Olympic spirit has been violated by the desire to succeed 1.________ all costs.Now records 2.________(fall) in track and field due to better equipment，training and diet since the first Olympic Games.But we came across the issue of performance－enhancing drugs，3.________ is known as doping.Some athletes who abuse the drugs risk 4.________ (face) serious health problems in later life.They seek 5.________(achieve) beyond their natural limits.It is compulsory for winners 6.________ (test) but other participants are only tested at random.What’s 7.________‎ ‎ (much)，“gene－therapy” will be the next big threat.In the future，athletes who have their genes 8.________ (change) might be able to do better 9.________ they should be.So 10.________ doping and gene－therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events，the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.‎ 答案　1.at　2.have fallen　3.which　4.facing　5.to achieve　6.to be tested　7.more　8.changed　9.than　10.if Ⅳ.单元考点作文串记 一、根据提示翻译句子 ‎1.据说昨日三名强盗抢劫了一家银行的一笔巨款。(It be said that...，rob...of...)‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎2.警方迅速封锁(block)主要道路，并禁止可疑车辆通行。(prohibit...from...)‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎3.对这样的犯罪行为，警方必须不惜任何代价清除。(wipe out ，at all costs)‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎4.警察正在搜寻有关信息。(seek)‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案　1.It was said that three robbers had robbed a bank of a large fortune yesterday.‎ ‎2.The police immediately blocked the main roads and prohibited the suspect cars from passing.‎ ‎3.The police must wipe out them at all costs as for such crimes.‎ ‎4.The police are seeking the information.‎ 二、加入适当过渡词，连句成篇 ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ It was said that three robbers had robbed a bank of a large fortune yesterday.Therefore，the police immediately blocked the main roads and prohibited the suspect cars from passing.The police must wipe out them at all costs as for such crimes.At present，the police are seeking the information.‎ 课下作业 A卷　阅读提速练(限时20′)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Americans spend more than $20 billion a year on supplements (营养品) in the hope of preventing cancer, heart disease and dementia (痴呆).However, a new study shows they provide no benefit and they may even be dangerous for people.‎ Researchers say people have spent too much money on pills that bring no benefit, and in some cases may even be harmful.What’s worse, some companies even casually state that their products can have a positive effect on some kinds of diseases.‎ Enough is Enough An international team of researchers conducted three different studies.The first ‎ was a study that looked at the consumption of a daily multivitamin (复合维生素) to prevent disease and cancer in more than 450，000 participants.These pills had no obvious effect on death.The second study looked into the effect of a daily multivitamin after a heart attack in about 1，700 men and women over an average of five years.No advantage could be found.The third study looked into the use of a multivitamin to prevent dementia in nearly 6，000 men aged 65 or older.Again, nothing.‎ ‎“These vitamin pills should not be used for disease prevention.Enough is enough，” said researchers.‎ Dangerous to Your Health If that wasn’t bad enough, researchers also found that vitamin E, when taken in large doses (剂量), can be harmful.Surprisingly, smokers who took some supplements were at an increased risk of developing cancer.Besides, too many vitamin pills can do harm to people.‎ Instead of taking in vitamins and minerals, experts suggest that people should eat fruits and vegetables, reduce fat and salt and take exercise.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，题材为日常生活类。很多人觉得维生素可以补充营养，长期服用还能预防疾病。研究表明，吃营养品对健康无效，吃多了还有害。‎ ‎1.What’s the best title for the text?‎ A.Vitamins and minerals are a waste of money B.Americans dislike eating fruits and vegetables C.Three studies on supplements on sale D.Americans value health more 答案　A　[主旨大意题。本文主要讲研究表明，吃营养品对健康无效，吃多了还有害，所以花钱买营养品是一种浪费。]‎ ‎2.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?‎ A.The government should punish some companies.‎ B.Americans are unlikely to suffer heart attacks.‎ C.People know they have been cheated.‎ D.People should stop taking these pills.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据文章第一段they may even be dangerous for people和第二段Researchers say people have spent too much money on pills that bring no benefit，and in some cases may even be harmful可知，吃营养品对健康无效，吃多了还有害。]‎ ‎3.The author mentions vitamin E to________.‎ A.warn smokers against vitamin E B.show vitamin E does harm to health C.persuade readers to give up vitamin E D.prove blindly taking in vitamin E is dangerous 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段If that wasn’t bad enough，researchers also found that vitamin E，when taken in large doses, can be harmful可知，研究人员发现，大剂量服用维生素E对身体有害。]‎ ‎4.The text may be selected from________.‎ A.a storybook B.a medical journal C.an agricultural magazine D.an engineering textbook 答案　B　[推理判断题。这篇文章主要讲过多摄入营养品对身体健康不利，这和医学有关，故这篇文章可能选自医学杂志。]‎ B ‎“The Man with the Golden Arm” may sound like the name of some superhero in a comic book.But this name belongs to 78－year－old James Harrison—an Australian man who has donated blood almost every week, saving more than 2 million babies in the process.‎ Harrison told CNN, an American channel, about why he chooses to donate, even though it’s not the most pleasurable experience：“Never once have I watched the needle go in my arm.I can’t stand the sight of blood, and I can’t stand pain.”‎ An amazingly unique antibody (抗体) in Harrison’s blood makes it a true lifesaver for babies who could be affected by rhesus disease.‎ The condition occurs during some pregnancies, when a woman who has rhesus－negative blood produces antibodies that destroy her babies’ cells.This can happen when the baby has the same rhesus－positive blood as the father.Rhesus disease can cause health issues in babies.It can even result in death.‎ Harrison’s blood helped physicians develop an injection called Anti－D in the 1960s, which prevents women who have rhesus－negative blood from developing the harmful antibodies while pregnant.After Harrison completes one of his routine donations, his blood can be used to create more vaccines (疫苗).‎ ‎“I started donating in 1955, two days after I turned 18，” Harrison said when he completed his 1，075th donation.‎ As CNN reported, every Anti－D vaccine created in Australia has something to do with a donation from Harrison, who holds the record for most blood donations in Australia.‎ ‎“A number of mothers have come up to me and said, ‘Thank you very much for what you’ve done, because I now have one, two, three healthy children，’” Harrison said.‎ Harrison’s own daughter, Tracey Mellowship, had been one of the 17 percent of ‎ women who need Anti－D during their pregnancy.The injection helped guarantee her second son would be born healthy.‎ ‎“Dad had always donated—we knew that，” Mellowship said.“But it didn’t hit home until I was pregnant and knew the consequences.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。澳大利亚一位老翁的血液中含有罕见的溶血性疾病抗体，他从18岁开始每周献血，至今已坚持了约60年，拯救了两百多万婴儿的性命。‎ ‎5.From the first two paragraphs we can infer that Harrison is________.‎ A.humorous and smart B.brave and unselfish C.friendly but nervous D.optimistic but weak 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的who has donated blood almost every week, saving more than 2 million babies in the process可知，Harrison坚持每周献血，拯救了两百多万婴儿的性命，由此可以看出，他很无私；根据第二段中的Never once have I watched the needle go in my arm.I can’t stand the sight of blood，and I can’t stand pain可知，Harrison既晕血又怕疼，但他还敢献血，说明他很勇敢。]‎ ‎6.Babies affected by rhesus disease________.‎ A.have the same blood type as their mothers B.develop the disease after being born C.can’t form blood themselves D.grow problematic cells 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的...when a woman who has rhesus－negative blood produces antibodies that destroy her babies’ cells可知，当溶血性疾病发生时，母亲血液中的抗体会进入胎儿体内破坏胎儿的细胞，导致胎儿出生后有些细胞有缺陷。]‎ ‎7.Harrison’s blood can________.‎ A.help patients develop Anti－D ‎ B.avoid the risk of rhesus disease C.cure rhesus disease affected babies ‎ D.stop babies from producing antibodies 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的Harrison’s blood helped physicians develop an injection called Anti－D in the 1960s, which prevents women who have rhesus－negative blood from developing the harmful antibodies while pregnant可知，基于Harrison血液的注射剂可以防止孕妇产生影响胎儿的抗体，避免溶血性疾病的发生。]‎ ‎8.Before Mellowship was injected Anti－D, her family didn’t________.‎ A.understand the meaning of Harrison’s act B.expect she would have another healthy son C.realize the high rate of potential rhesus disease D.know Harrison held a record for donating blood 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Harrison一家知道他一直在献血，但是直到他的女儿怀孕并需要注射Anti－D时，他的家人才清楚溶血性疾病可能带来的后果，从而理解了他献血的意义。]‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Shed (去掉) that sweet tooth The World Health Organization (WHO) has set new dietary guidelines for people around the world.The guidelines advise people to cut back on their sugar intake to stay healthy.‎ The guidelines do not apply to the sugars in fresh fruits and vegetables or those that are naturally present in milk.According to the WHO, there is no reported evidence of negative effects of consuming those sugars.__1__These include sugars that are added to processed foods and drinks such as cookies, candy, and soft drinks.‎ ‎__2__That is because they exist in foods we might not think of as sweets, such as honey and ketchup (番茄酱).Health experts advise consumers to look at ingredients on food packages to help make better－informed decisions.‎ In the U.S., adults currently get about 11% to 15% of their calories from added sugars.__3__For adults in Hungary and Norway, it is about 7%.In Spain and the United Kingdom, sugar makes up as much as 17% of adults’ diets.‎ Kieran Clarke, scientist of the University of Oxford, said，“__4__ Even if you are not eating lollies (棒棒糖) and candy, you are probably eating a fair amount of sugar.”‎ But Clarke also notes that for those people who can’t shake their love for sweets, getting more exercise is a good solution.She said, “__5__But it’s very hard to avoid large amounts of sugar unless all you’re eating is fruits and vegetables.”‎ A.Sweet treats can be hard to resist.‎ B.In Europe, sugar intake varies by country.‎ C.New health guidelines advise less sugar in our diets.‎ D.The trouble is, we really do like sugar in a lot of things.‎ E.If you get enough exercise, you can eat almost anything.‎ F.Added sugars are sometimes described as “hidden” sugars.‎ G.Instead, the new guidelines focus on “added” or “free” sugars.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。世界卫生组织建议人们减少糖的摄入量。‎ ‎1.G　[G项与下文的These include sugars that are added to processed foods and drinks相呼应。]‎ ‎2.F　[下文的That is because they exist in foods we might not think of as sweets与F项构成因果关系。]‎ ‎3.B　[下文列举了在欧洲不同国家糖摄入量的不同情况。故B项恰当。]‎ ‎4.D　[D项与下文的Even if you are not eating lollies and candy, you are probably eating a fair amount of sugar相呼应，强调很多食物中都含糖。]‎ ‎5.E　[E项与上文的getting more exercise is a good solution相呼应，指出运动可以消耗掉糖。]‎ B卷　语言知识运用提能练(限时30′)‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 It was just a month after my grandmother had passed away.I spent my days running useless errands (差事)，__1__to free me from the pain.As I was shopping in a store，a little girl was begging her grandmother for ice cream.It __2__me to see the scene as it reminded me of my grandmother.I had to__3__myself to ignore the little girl, paid for my things quickly and left.Feeling terribly __4__，I began walking to my car.__5__， I couldn’t help crying beside my car.Suddenly, a lady driving right by my side__6__and rolled down her window.“Excuse me，” she said.Thinking she was going to__7__my parking spot, I simply pointed to my car.Yet she__8__waved to me to come over to her car.I __9__ I had no choice but to see what this __10__ lady wanted.I found she was searching for something in her __11__ as I reluctantly (不情愿地) got closer.__12__， I didn’t know why I was patient the entire time the lady was searching.She finally reached to the very bottom of her bag, took out a __13__ and handed it to me，__14__ that it would help me.A few big letters on the front cover __15__：“What Hope for Dead Loved Ones？” I was __16__ for her kindness and was about to express my thanks.__17__， by the time I looked up, she was gone.I felt a sense of relaxation after I read it and felt happy from the ‎ surprising __18__.‎ I don’t remember the __19__of that day, such as the time or the weather, but it doesn’t matter.I know that a small __20__can make a big difference to someone’s life and I’ll remember it for the rest of my life.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文为夹叙夹议文，题材为日常生活类。作者由于思念祖母而忍不住在自己的车旁哭泣，一位陌生女士的关心让作者感到了温暖。‎ ‎1.A.hesitating B.fearing ‎ C.refusing D.hoping 答案　D　[由文章开头的my grandmother had passed away及本空后的free me from the pain可知，作者希望(hoping)通过做一些事来摆脱失去祖母的悲痛。]‎ ‎2.A.beat B.allowed C.hurt D.taught 答案　C　[由上文的my grandmother had passed away，pain和本空后的reminded me of my grandmother可知，看到小女孩向祖母要冰激凌的场景让作者想到自己祖母，这让作者伤心(hurt)。]‎ ‎3.A.bear B.force C.forbid D.invite 答案　B　[由第2空和本空后的ignore the little girl可知，作者强迫(force)自己不去注意那个小女孩，快速结账并离开。]‎ ‎4.A.sad B.bored ‎ C.curious D.anxious 答案　A　[由下文的I couldn’t help crying可知，作者感到十分伤心(sad)，最终(Eventually)，还是忍不住哭了起来。]‎ ‎5.A.Interestingly B.Generally ‎ C.Eventually D.Fortunately 答案　C　[参考上题解析。]‎ ‎6.A.stopped B.passed ‎ C.clapped D.quarreled 答案　A　[由本空后的rolled down her window以及she said可知，一位开车的女士停了(stopped)下来。]‎ ‎7.A.look into B.bring in ‎ C.give out D.ask for 答案　D　[由上文的driving和下文的I simply pointed to my car可知，作者起初认为这位女士想要(ask for)她占着的停车位。]‎ ‎8.A.seldom B.never C.still D.ever 答案　C　[由本空后的waved to me to come over to her car可知，这位女士仍然(still)让作者去她的车旁。]‎ ‎9.A.predicted B.felt ‎ C.expected D.regretted 答案　B　[由本空后的had no choice but to see可知，作者感到(felt)自己别无选择。]‎ ‎10.A.annoying B.charming ‎ C.satisfying D.disappointing 答案　A　[由本空前的I had no choice but to see以及第11空后的reluctantly可知，作者觉得这位女士有些令人烦恼(annoying)。]‎ ‎11.A.house B.office C.car D.bag 答案　D　[第13空前的the very bottom of her bag有提示。这位女士在包(bag)里找东西。]‎ ‎12.A.Gradually B.Surprisingly ‎ C.Perfectly D.Immediately 答案　B　[由本空前后的reluctantly got closer和I didn’t know why I was patient the entire time the lady was searching可知，令人惊讶的是(Surprisingly)，作者不知道为什么自己会有耐心等着这位女士翻找东西。]‎ ‎13.A.picture B.handkerchief ‎ C.book D.card 答案　C　[由第15空前的A few big letters on the front cover和第18空前的after I read it可知，这位女士递给了作者一本书(book)。]‎ ‎14.A.complaining B.explaining C.lying D.arguing 答案　B　[由本空前的handed it to me和本空后的that it would help me可知，这位女士解释说(explaining)这本书可能会帮助到作者。]‎ ‎15.A.read B.suggested ‎ C.added D.broadcast 答案　A　[由本空后的内容可知，书的封面上写着(read)“What Hope for Dead Loved ones？”的字样。]‎ ‎16.A.grateful B.eager C.ready D.sorry 答案　A　[由本空后的for her kindness and was about to express my thanks可知，作者对这位女士的热心心存感激(grateful)。]‎ ‎17.A.Moreover B.Therefore ‎ C.However D.Instead 答案　C　[由本空前后的was about to express my thanks和she was ‎ gone可知，作者抬头、准备表示感谢，然而(However)，这位女士已经走了。]‎ ‎18.A.difficulty B.change ‎ C.truth D.decision 答案　B　[由本空前的felt a sense of relaxation可知，作者从惊人的变化(change)中感受到了快乐。]‎ ‎19.A.goals B.problems ‎ C.needs D.details 答案　D　[由本空后的such as the time or the weather可知，作者不记得那天的细节(details)了。]‎ ‎20.A.deed B.salary C.shop D.mind 答案　A　[由上文的内容可知，这里指的是送给作者一本书这样一个小的行为(deed)却给她的生活带来很大不同。]‎ Ⅳ.语法填空 Tibet is among __1__most popular places for Chinese tourists.The number of travellers to Tibet has grown __2__10% every year for several years.Since July 1, 2006, when the first train ran 1，956 kilometers from Xining to Lhasa, more and more people __3__(go) to Tibet.‎ The train stops at several famous places along the way.Passengers can also enjoy many __4__(service) during the journey.On the train, passengers can have tea, eggs and noodles for breakfast and __5__(fry) chicken and green vegetables for lunch and dinner.Unlike most Chinese trains which have open－hole toilets, this one has special toilets __6__can collect the waste.The special rubbish system keeps the environment clean.All the windows can protect people from the sun __7__(shine) brightly.Computers and mobile phones can be charged.‎ Because there isn’t much oxygen in Tibet, the train provides oxygen masks for those who need them.Passengers will feel __8__(comfort) when they have enough oxygen on the famous “roof of the world”.There __9__(be) also doctors on the train to make sure __10__all of the travellers are safe.‎ 答案　1.the　[考查定冠词。形容词最高级前需加定冠词the。]‎ ‎2.by　[考查介词。“grow by＋百分数”意为“增长了……”，by表示变化或差异的程度。]‎ ‎3.have gone/have been going　[考查完成时。由句中的Since July 1，2006可知，应用现在完成(进行)时。]‎ ‎4.services　[考查名词。many后需跟可数名词的复数形式，故填services。]‎ ‎5.fried　[考查过去分词作定语的用法。fry与chicken之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填fried。fried chicken意为“炸鸡”]‎ ‎6.which/that　[考查关系词。设空处引导定语从句修饰special toilets，故填which/that。]‎ ‎7.shining　[考查动词－ing形式作定语的用法。sun与shine之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且shine所表示的动作正在发生，故填shining。]‎ ‎8.comfortable　[考查形容词作表语的用法。feel后跟形容词，故填comfortable。]‎ ‎9.are　[考查一般现在时和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实且由doctors可知应填are。]‎ ‎10.that　[考查连接词。设空处引导宾语从句且从句意义及成分均完整，故填that。]‎