2020年高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习 阅读理解 第Ⅲ题 完形填空

2020年高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习 阅读理解 第Ⅲ题 完形填空

第Ⅲ题　完形填空 在高中学业水平测试中，完形填空的体裁以记叙文为主，有时也涉及说明文。完形填空主要考查考生对篇章的理解，对词汇、习语的辨认、搭配等基础知识的综合能力和对短文的阅读理解能力，以及灵活运用语言知识的能力，并且根据试题内容进行正确的上下文逻辑推理，综合判断的能力。‎ ‎[方法技巧]‎ 记叙类：重视首尾句，把握开篇；‎ 速读全文，掌握大意；‎ 理清人物事件，把握作者态度；‎ 理顺事件的发生、发展和结局。‎ 说明类：分清说明对象，对症下药；‎ 把握说明顺序，顺藤摸瓜；‎ 代入空格，推敲最佳选项。‎ 议论类：注重首段，结合尾段，把握论点；‎ 理清论点、论据、结论；‎ 结合背景，观点正确，态度积极，优选答案。‎ ‎[设空方式]‎ 常见考查词汇的词性为名词、动词、形容词、副词、连词、介词，个别题考查同义词组的辨析对比。‎ ‎[记叙文]‎ Cloze 1‎ From the time each of my children started school, I packed their lunches. And in each lunch，I__1__a note.Often written on a napkin (餐巾), it might be a thank you for a__2__moment, a reminder of something we were happily expecting, or a bit of__3__for the coming test or sporting event.‎ In early grade school they__4__their notes. But as children grow older they become self－conscious (有自我意识的)，and__5__he reached high school，my older son，Marc, informed me he no longer__6__my daily notes. Telling him that he no longer needed to read them but I still needed to write them，I__7__until the day he graduated.‎ Six years after high school graduation, Marc called and asked if he could move 29‎ ‎ home for a couple of months. He had spent those years well, graduating from college，__8__two internships(实习) in Washington，D.C.，and__9__，becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.Except for short vacation visits, however, he had lived away from home. With his younger sister leaving for college, I was__10__happy to have Marc back. Since I was still making lunch for his younger brother, I__11__one for Marc, too. Imagine my__12__when I got a call from my 24－year－old son，__13__his lunch.‎ ‎“Did I do something__14__？ Don't you love me any more, Mom？” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I __15__asked him what was wrong.‎ ‎“My note, Mom, ”he answered. “Where' s my note？”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作为母亲的“我”在为孩子准备午餐时，总要在饭盒里放一张表达感谢、提醒或鼓励的小便条的事。短文告诉我们，浓浓的母子情也许会被孩子暂时忽略，但随着时间的推移，这份亲情会越来越浓。‎ ‎1．A.carried　　　　　 B．found C．included D．held 解析：从每个孩子开始上学的那一刻起，“我”就为孩子们准备盒式午餐，并在午餐盒里放一张小纸条。carry“携带”；find“发现”；include“包括，包含”；hold“拿着”。所以答案是C。‎ 答案：C ‎2．A.difficult B．special C．comfortable D．separate 解析：由空前的thank you及后面的“a reminder of something we were happily expecting”(一个我们高兴地期待的事情的提醒)可知，应该是一个特殊的时刻a special moment。‎ 答案：B ‎3．A.congratulation B．improvement C．explanation D．encouragement 解析：纸条的内容包含了“the coming test or sporting event”即将到来的考试或体育赛事，所以内容应是鼓舞性的话语。所以答案是D。‎ 答案：D ‎4．A.loved B．answered C．wrote D．examined 解析：从后面的“But as children grow older they become selfconscious”可以知道当孩子们长大时，他们自我意识就强了，不再喜欢这种方式了。可以推出以前他们是很喜欢这种方式的，所以本题应该是loved。 ‎ 29‎ 答案：A ‎5．A.lately B．by the way C．by the time D．gradually 解析：lately“近来”；by the way“顺便一提”；by the time“到某个时间为止”，后面一般跟从句；gradually“逐渐地”。由语境可知答案应为C。‎ 答案：C ‎6．A.received B．understood C．enjoyed D．collected 解析：句意：长大了，不再愿意看那些小纸条了。receive“收到”；understand“理解”；enjoy“喜欢，欣赏”；collect“采集，收集”。根据语境本题的答案是C。‎ 答案：C ‎7．A.held up B．gave up C．followed D．continued 解析：hold up“举起，支撑”；give up“放弃”；follow“跟随，沿着”；continue“继续”。句意：虽然孩子不愿意看，但“我”还是继续写了下去，直到他毕业。所以本题的答案是continued。‎ 答案：D ‎8．A.organizing B．planning C．comparing D．completing 解析：organize“组织”；plan“计划”；compare“对比”；complete“完成”。这里指的是，他完成了在华盛顿特区的实习工作。所以是completing。‎ 答案：D ‎9．A.hopefully B．finally C．particularly D．certainly 解析：实习结束后，他找到了一份工作。承接上文，表示“最终”，所以用finally。‎ 答案：B ‎10．A.especially B．immediately C．equally D．generally 解析：especially“特别地”；immediately“立即，马上”；equally“公平地”；generally“一般地”。句意：当“我”听到儿子要回来时，非常高兴。用副词especially来表达高兴的程度。‎ 答案：A ‎11．A.packed B．fetched C．bought D．filled 29‎ 解析：文章第一句有提示，用pack。‎ 答案：A ‎12．A.fear B．surprise C．anger D．disappointment 解析：fear“恐怖，害怕”；surprise“惊奇，诧异”；anger“怒，愤怒”；disappointment“失望”。接到儿子的电话时，不可能是fear，anger，disappointment。所以本题的答案是surprise。‎ 答案：B ‎13．A.waiting for B．worrying about C．caring for D．asking about 解析：wait for“等候”；worry about“担心”；care for“关心”；ask about“询问(某事)”。从下文提出的疑问可知选D。‎ 答案：D ‎14．A.wrong B．funny C．strange D．smart 解析：句意：当“我”笑着问他有什么事情时，他反问道，“难道我做错了什么吗？难道妈妈不再爱我了？”‎ 答案：A ‎15．A.interestingly B．bitterly C．politely D．laughingly 解析：前面的话是妈妈笑着说的。‎ 答案：D Cloze 2‎ The True Story of Treasure Island It was always thought that Treasure Island was the product of Robert Louis Stevenson' s imagination.However，recent research has found the true story of this exciting work.‎ Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived__1__for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a__2__.With him were his American wife Fanny and his son Lloyd.‎ Each morning Stevenson would take them out for a long__3__over the hills. They had been__4__this for several days before the weather suddenly took a turn for the worse.Kept indoors by the heavy rain, Lloyd felt the days__5__．To keep the boy happy, Robert asked the boy to do some drawing.‎ One morning, the boy came to Robert with a beautiful map of an island.‎ 29‎ ‎ Robert__6__that the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of the island.“What's that？” he asked. “That's the__7__treasure，” said the boy. Robert suddenly__8__something of an adventure story in the boy's__9__．While the rain was pouring, Robert sat down by the fire to write a story.He would make the__10__a twelve－year－old boy, just like Lloyd.But who would be the pirate (海盗)?‎ Robert had a good friend named Henley, who walked around with the__11__of a wooden leg. Robert had always wanted to__12__such a man in a story.Thus Long John Silver, the pirate with a wooden leg, was__13__．‎ So, thanks to a__14__September in Scotland, a friend with a wooden leg, and the imagination of a twelve－year－old boy, we have one of the greatest__15__stories in the English language.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文告诉我们《金银岛》一书背后鲜为人知的故事：人们一直认为《金银岛》一书是史蒂文森凭空想象出来的。然而最近的一项研究披露了这部作品出笼的细节。‎ ‎1．A.alone B．next door C．at home D．abroad 解析：前句中的a Scotsman和下句中的returned to Scotland暗示他长期在国外生活。‎ 答案：D ‎2．A.meeting B．story C．holiday D．job 解析：第三段第一句介绍他们每天早上爬山游玩，由此可判断他们一家一起回国是为了度假。‎ 答案：C ‎3．A.talk B．rest C．walk D．game 解析：当时的时间是1881年，地点是over the hills，因此他们三人只能是在山间漫步，因此填walk。‎ 答案：C ‎4．A.attempting B．missing C．planning D．enjoying 解析：由于他们在度假，因此他们从游山玩水中得到了极大的快乐，故选D。‎ 答案：D ‎5．A.quiet B．dull C．busy D．cold 解析：Kept indoors by the heavy rain暗示在下雨天待在旅馆很乏味，故填dull。‎ 29‎ 答案：B ‎6．A.doubted B．noticed C．decided D．recognized 解析：句意：父亲注意到儿子在岛的中间画了一个大十字符号。notice“注意到”。‎ 答案：B ‎7．A.forgotten B．buried C．discovered D．unexpected 解析：宝藏应该是被人藏在岛中的某个隐秘之处，因此选buried。‎ 答案：B ‎8．A.saw B．drew C．made D．learned 解析：see有“设想，想象”之意，与imagine同义。句意为：突然Robert从他儿子的画中设想出一个探险故事。‎ 答案：A ‎9．A.book B．reply C．picture D．mind 解析：上文谈到儿子拿来一幅画给父亲看，因此父亲从儿子的绘画中得到了艺术创作的灵感。‎ 答案：C ‎10．A.star B．hero C．writer D．child 解析：句意：他想让像儿子这样的一个12岁的孩子作为故事的主人公。hero“主人公，英雄”。‎ 答案：B ‎11．A.help B．problem C．use D．bottom 解析：固定短语with the help of“借助于，利用”。‎ 答案：A ‎12．A.praise B．produce C．include D．accept 解析：句意：Robert一直想在书中写这样一个人。include“包括”。‎ 答案：C ‎13．A.read B．born C．hired D．written 29‎ 解析：句意：这样一个带有假腿的海盗就横空出世了。换言之，这部小说的主要人物之一——海盗就诞生了。‎ 答案：B ‎14．A.rainy B．sunny C．cool D．windy 解析：文章的第三段谈到由于天一直下雨，在苏格兰度假的Stevenson一家被迫待在宾馆，于是有了后面的故事。由此可见人们可以享受《金银岛》一书带来的快乐，多亏了那个下雨的九月。‎ 答案：A ‎15．A.news B．love C．real life D．adventure 解析：8空后的an adventure story有暗示，而且根据文学常识可知，《金银岛》一书是探险小说。‎ 答案：D Cloze 3‎ In the United States there was an unusual tale telling of the daughter of a mechanic (技工). One day while walking along the bank of a lake, the girl__1__to see 20 eggs laid by a wild goose. After some time the girl__2__the mother would not return to her eggs and she decided to take them home. There she carefully__3__the eggs in the heat of a lamp. Several days later the eggs broke and the baby geese came into the__4__．‎ Geese are known to take the first living thing they see as their mother.Thus，to these young geese，the girl was their mother.‎ As they__5__，the girl was able to__6__her birds to run across the grass, but she could not teach them to__7__. The girl became increasingly worried about this，both when __8__and in her dreams. Later, she had an__9__：She would pilot a plane to guide them in __10__．She asked her father for a plane and he assembled(组装) a small aircraft for her.‎ Caring about her safety, the father decided to pilot the plane himself. However, the birds did not __11__or follow him, and instead slept in the grass.‎ One day, the girl__12__into the plane, started it and soon left the__13__. Seeing their mother take to the air，the birds__14__flapped (拍打) their wings and__15__. She flew the plane freely in the sky, her young birds following.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文记叙了一位小姑娘被小野鹅认作“妈妈”的趣事：一天，‎ 29‎ 小姑娘在湖边捡到20枚野鹅蛋，孵化出来的小鹅将小姑娘误认为“妈妈”。后来，在父亲的帮助下，小姑娘教会了小鹅飞翔。‎ ‎1．A.managed B．attempted C．happened D．supposed 解析：句意：小女孩在湖边散步时偶然看见20枚野鹅蛋。happen to碰巧，偶然。‎ 答案：C ‎2．A.realized B．expected C．imagined D．admitted 解析：句意：过了一些时间小姑娘“认识到，意识到”鹅妈妈不会返回了。‎ 答案：A ‎3．A.placed B．protected C．treated D．examined 解析：place＋n.＋prep.(小心或有意)放置、安放某物在……‎ 答案：A ‎4．A.family B．lake C．home D．world 解析：come into the world“出生，降生”。‎ 答案：D ‎5．A.increased B．improved C．rose D．grew 解析：句意：随着小鹅的“成长”。‎ 答案：D ‎6．A.ask B．lead C．want D．allow 解析：句意：女孩能够带领鹅在草地上穿行。‎ 答案：B ‎7．A.fly B．race C．swim D．sing 解析：从下文“她不得不驾驶小飞机教鹅飞翔”可知，她不会教它们“飞翔”。‎ 答案：A ‎8．A.asleep B．away C．around D．awake 解析：由both...and可知，空格处应与in her dreams对应，说明女孩日夜都在担心。‎ 答案：D 29‎ ‎9．A.idea B．opinion C．explanation D．excuse 解析：have an idea“有了主意”。‎ 答案：A ‎10．A.sky B．heaven C．flight D．plane 解析：排除法。in flight相当于when it is flying。其余选项前常加冠词。‎ 答案：C ‎11．A.respect B．remember C．recognize D．receive 解析：由空格前的not和其后的or可知，应为承接关系，小鹅没有“认可”父亲的身份，也没有追随他。‎ 答案：C ‎12．A.climbed B．looked C．reached D．fell 解析：“爬进”小飞机，其余选项意思不对。‎ 答案：A ‎13．A.house B．floor C．water D．ground 解析：飞机起飞，自然是离开地面(ground)。‎ 答案：D ‎14．A.secretly B．disappointedly C．patiently D．eagerly 解析：句意：看到“妈妈”离开地面飞向空中，它们“急切地”拍打翅膀。‎ 答案：D ‎15．A.looked away B．set out C．went by D．turned back 解析：and承接上文，由此可知小鹅出发并飞上了天。‎ 答案：B Cloze 4‎ Even though it was only October, my students were already whispering about Christmas plans. With each passing day everyone became more__1__waiting for the final school bell. Upon its__2__everyone would run for their coats and go home, everyone except David.‎ 29‎ David was a small boy in ragged clothes. I had often__3__what kind of home life David had, and what kind of mother could send her son to school dressed so__4__for the cold winter months, without a coat, boots, or gloves. But something made David__5__. I can still remember he was always__6__a smile and willing to help. He always__7__after school to straighten chairs and mop the floor.We never talked much. He would just simply smile and ask what else he could do, then thank me for letting him stay and slowly__8__home.‎ Weeks passed and the __9__over the coming Christmas grew into restlessness until the last day of school before the holiday break. I smiled in __10__ as the last of them hurried out the door. Turning around I saw David __11__standing by my desk.‎ ‎“I have something for you, ”he said and __12__from behind his back a small box.Handing it to me, he said anxiously, “Open it.” I took the box from him, thanked him and slowly unwrapped it. I lifted the lid and to my__13__saw nothing. I looked at David's smiling face and back into the box and said, “The box is nice, David, but it's __14__．”‎ ‎“Oh no it isn't，” said David.“ It' s full of love. My mum told me before she died that love was something you couldn't see or touch unless you know it's there.”‎ Tears filled my eyes as I looked at the proud dirty face that I had rarely given __15__to. After that Christmas，David and I became good friends and I never forgot the meaning behind the little empty box set on my desk.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　作者通过回忆一个学生送给自己一个盛满爱的盒子的故事来告诉我们：只要你心中有爱，爱就会无处不在。‎ ‎1．A.anxious B．courageous C．serious D．cautious 解析：句意：每一天，学生们都更急切地等着放学铃声的响起。anxious“渴望的，急切的”，符合语境。courageous“勇敢的，无畏的”；serious“严肃的”；cautious“小心的，谨慎的”。‎ 答案：A ‎2．A.warning B．ringing C．calling D．yelling 解析：上句提到“等待放学铃响”，这里当然应是ringing，与bell照应。warn“警告”；call“叫，喊，打电话”；yell“叫喊，嚎叫”。故答案为B。‎ 答案：B ‎3．A.scolded B．wondered 29‎ C．realized D．learned 解析：由语境可知作者在此表示自己的迷惑和不解，即“我经常想知道他过着一种怎样的家庭生活”，用wonder表示“对……感到疑惑，想知道”。scold“指责，批评”；realize“意识到”；learn“学会，了解”，故答案为B。‎ 答案：B ‎4．A.modestly B．naturally C．inaccurately D．inappropriately 解析：考查副词。由空后的冬天没有大衣、靴子、手套可知，这里表示什么样的母亲能让儿子穿得如此不恰当地到学校。inappropriately“不适当，不合适地”符合语境。modestly“谨慎地，适当地”；naturally“天然地，表现自然地”；inaccurately“有错误地，不正确地”。‎ 答案：D ‎5．A.popular B．upset C．special D．funny 解析：由上下文的转折关系可知这里意为“但是某些东西让David与众不同”。special“特殊的”符合语境。popular“受欢迎的”；upset“难过的”；funny“有趣的”。‎ 答案：C ‎6．A.expressing B．delivering C．wearing D．sharing 解析：wear a smile“面带笑容”，为固定搭配。express“表达”；deliver“交付，递送”；share“分享”。‎ 答案：C ‎7．A.practised B．wandered C．studied D．stayed 解析：句意：他常常放学以后“留在”教室里整理椅子并用拖把擦地板，故D项符合语意。practise“练习”；wander“漫游，徘徊”；study“学习”，都与语境不符。本段最后一句也有提示。‎ 答案：D ‎8．A.aim at B．turn to C．put off D．head for 解析：由语境可知他应是回家，故head for合适，意思是“朝……进发”。aim at“瞄准”；turn to“(把注意力等)转向，求助于”；put off“延期”。‎ 答案：D ‎9．A.argument B．excitement 29‎ C．movement D．judgment 解析：句意：孩子们对即将到来的圣诞节的“兴奋感”一直持续到放假前的最后一天。excitement“兴奋”符合语境。argument“争论”；movement“运动”；judgment“判断”。‎ 答案：B ‎10．A.relief B．return C．vain D．control 解析：句意：当最后一个学生走出(教室)门时，我放松地笑了。故选A，in relief表示“放松”。in return“作为回报”；in vain“白费地，无用地”；in control“在控制之下”。‎ 答案：A ‎11．A.weakly B．sadly C．quietly D．helplessly 解析：句意：转过头，作者发现David站在桌子旁，而作者之前并没意识到David的存在，所以C项最为合适，表示“静静地”。weakly“软弱地，无力地”；sadly“悲哀地，令人惋惜地”；helplessly“无能为力地，无助地”。‎ 答案：C ‎12．A.searched B．found C．raised D．pulled 解析：句意：可知，他从背后拿出了一个小盒子。search表示搜查；find表示找到；raise“提高，举起”；pull“把……拉(过来)，把……扯(过来)”。显然只有D项符合句意。‎ 答案：D ‎13．A.delight B．expectation C．appreciation D．surprise 解析：考查名词和语境。看到盒子里什么都没有，“我”当然应该是“惊讶”了，故D项surprise合适。to one's surprise表示“令人惊讶的是”。delight“快乐，高兴”；expectation“预料，期望”；appreciation“欣赏，赞赏”。‎ 答案：D ‎14．A.cheap B．empty C．useless D．improper 解析：句意：“我”说“盒子很好，但它是空的”，这也与上文的“saw nothing”相照应，故答案为B，empty“空的”。cheap“便宜的”；useless“无用的”；improper“不适当的”。文章最后一句也有提示。‎ 答案：B ‎15．A.advice B．support 29‎ C．attention D．command 解析：由句意可知，作者在说自己原来很少关注他。give attention to表示“注意……留心……”符合语境。advice“建议”；support“支持”；command“命令，指挥”。‎ 答案：C ‎ [议论文]‎ Cloze 1‎ Life is filled with challenges. As we get older we come to realize that those challenges are the very things that__1__us and make us who we are. It is the same with the challenges that come with__2__．‎ When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two__3__. We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing__4__the challenge isn't worth the__5__and call it quits. Although there are certainly __6__when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most__7__all that is needed is commitment and communication.‎ When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how __8__or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to __9__it and work it through instead of running away from it. Communication is making a__10__for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong.If you can say to a friend, “I got my feelings hurt，”__11__“You hurt my feelings，” you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster.‎ In dealing with the many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for what they are: small hurdles you need to jump or__12__on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is impossible to get over, and hurt only__13__to make us stronger. It is all part of growing up, it__14__to everyone, and some day you will__15__all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it made me who I am today. And that is a good thing.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　这是一篇议论文。人的一生充满挑战，要勇敢地面对一切，不断充实自己、完善自己，到后来才会觉得勇敢地面对挑战乃是人生幸事。‎ ‎1．A.design B．promote C．direct D．shape 解析：考查动词的用法。根据后面make us who we are可以确定用shape，意思是“使……成形，塑造”。‎ 答案：D ‎2．A.confidence B．pressure C．friendship D．difficulty 29‎ 解析：考查语篇理解。根据下文提到的友谊带来挑战可以确定此处是friendship。‎ 答案：C ‎3．A.opportunities B．expectations C．choices D．aspects 解析：考查名词的用法。根据后面“We can try to beat it off，or we can decide...”可知是作出的“选择”，承上启下。‎ 答案：C ‎4．A.demanding B．deserving C．predicting D．presenting 解析：考查动词的用法。指“引起、造成”挑战的事情。‎ 答案：D ‎5．A.comment B．loss C．trouble D．expense 解析：考查名词的用法。根据后面的quits可以确定是trouble(麻烦，辛劳)，即这种挑战是不值得麻烦(我们去做)的，因而放弃。‎ 答案：C ‎6．A.spans B．times C．dates D．ages 解析：考查名词的用法。虽然四个选项都是表示时间的名词，但是根据上下文，此处times表示的是“时刻、时候”。意为：虽然肯定有时放弃是一种明智之举，但多数情况下，我们需要去做的是承诺和沟通。‎ 答案：B ‎7．A.cases B．fields C．parts D．occasions 解析：考查名词的用法。in most cases的意思是“在大多数情况下”。‎ 答案：A ‎8．A.doubtful B．shameful C．harmful D．painful 解析：考查形容词的用法。用连词or连接，所以空格处应该是uncomfortable的同义词。painful“痛苦的”，与uncomfortable“对应”，符合文意。doubtful“怀疑的”；shameful“羞耻的”；harmful“有害的”。‎ 答案：D ‎9．A.keep B．control C．face D．catch 29‎ 解析：考查动词的用法。根据“instead of...”可知此处意思是：不是逃避而是要面对。故选face“面对”。‎ 答案：C ‎10．A.space B．plan C．topic D．room 解析：考查名词的用法。make a space“创造一定的空间”。‎ 答案：A ‎11．A.other than B．rather than C．or rather D．or else 解析：考查介词短语。联系上下文知此处指前者而不是后者。rather than“而不是”；other than“除了”；or rather“更确切地说”；or else“或者”。‎ 答案：B ‎12．A.pass by B．come across C．get through D．run over 解析：考查动词短语。空白处应和jump并列，在有栏杆的情况下，要通过除了跳跃就是穿过，所以用get through“穿过，通过”。pass by“经过”；come across“遇到”；run over“跑过去”。‎ 答案：C ‎13．A.serves B．means C．aims D．attempts 解析：考查动词的用法。serve在此处是“用来”的意思。means“意味”，后跟动名词，不跟不定式。这里是指：受伤会使我们变得更加坚强。‎ 答案：A ‎14．A.opens B．appeals C．goes D．happens 解析：考查动词的用法。句意：人人都会遇到这样的事情。open“开放”；appeal“呼吁”；go“归属，附属”。‎ 答案：D ‎15．A.look down on B．look back on C．look forward to D．look up to 解析：考查动词短语。look back on是“回顾，回忆”的意思。句意：它是成长过程中每个人都会遇到的，将来在回忆这一切时，你就会说：“尽管很艰辛，但是它成就了今天的我，这是一件好事情”。‎ 答案：B 29‎ Cloze 2‎ The position of children in American family and society is no longer what it used to be. The__1__family in colonial(殖民地时期的)North America was mainly concerned with survival and beyond that, its own economic prosperity. Thus，children were __2__in terms of their productivity (生产能力), and they played the role of producer quite early.Until they fulfilled this role, their position in the family was one of subordination(附属)．‎ With the__3__of the society, the position of children in the family and in the society became more important. In the complex and technological society that the United States has become, each__4__must fulfill a number of personal and occupational__5__and be in contact with many other members. Therefore, viewing children as necessary members of society means that they are__6__more as people in their own right than as those of subordination. This acceptance of children as__7__participants in the family is reflected in various laws__8__the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs.‎ This new__9__of children and the frequent contact between the members of society has also__10__an increasing interest in child－raising techniques. People today spend much time__11__the proper way to raise children.‎ Nowadays，the socialization of the child in the United States is a __12__transaction (事务)between parent and child__13__a one－way，parent－to－child training__14__. As a consequence, socializing children and__15__with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction and problems.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。在美国，随着社会经济和文化的发展，孩子们在家庭中的地位也在变化。殖民时期，人们在家庭中的地位与经济挂钩，儿童在家庭中处在附属地位。随着社会的不断发展和进步，人们思想观念随之转变，孩子们在家庭和社会中的角色变得越来越重要，这使得他们逐渐摆脱了受支配的地位，受到了各方面的尊重和爱护。‎ ‎1．A.poor B．ordinary C．happy D．wealthy 解析：考查形容词。句意：殖民时期的“普通”(ordinary)家庭主要关注的是生存以及家庭自身的经济繁荣。由常识可知happy families和wealthy families不需要关注生存问题，而根据语篇的分析，文章不只是关注poor families的儿童。‎ 答案：B ‎2．A.supported B．received 29‎ C．encouraged D．valued 解析：考查过去分词。句意：通过孩子们自身的生产能力来“评价”(value)他们。support“支撑”；receive“收到”；encourage“鼓励”，都不符合句意。‎ 答案：D ‎3．A.movement B．achievement C．development D．requirement 解析：考查名词。句意：随着社会的发展，孩子们在家庭和社会中的地位变得更为重要了。with the development of“随着……的发展”。‎ 答案：C ‎4．A.parent B．member C．family D．relative 解析：考查名词。由下文的关键信息“many other members”可知，该用member。‎ 答案：B ‎5．A.purposes B．promises C．roles D．tasks 解析：考查名词。句意：每个成员都必须担当属于自己的“角色”(role)并与其他社会成员相互接触。purpose“目的”；promise“承诺”；task“任务”，均不符合句意。‎ 答案：C ‎6．A.admired B．regarded C．made D．respected 解析：be regarded as“被看作，被当作”。‎ 答案：B ‎7．A.willing B．equal C．similar D．common 解析：考查形容词。句意：接受孩子们作为家庭“平等的”(equal)参与者这一事实已反映在各种各样“保护”(protect)孩子权益的法律之中，也同样反映在各类社会公益福利项目之中。‎ 答案：B ‎8．A.enjoying B．preventing C．considering D．protecting 解析：考查现在分词。与上题一起理解，该用protecting the rights of children，修饰laws。enjoy“欣赏”；prevent“防止”；consider“考虑”，均不符合句意。‎ 答案：D ‎9．A.view B．faith 29‎ C．world D．study 解析：考查名词。this new view of children意思为“对儿童的这种新看法”。‎ 答案：A ‎10．A.led in B．brought in C．resulted in D．taken in 解析：句意：社会成员之间的频繁接触也“导致”(result in)了在孩子抚养技术方面的兴趣的提高。lead in“导入”；bring in“引进”；take in“吸收”，均不符合句意。‎ 答案：C ‎11．A.seeking B．making C．fighting D．working 解析：句意：人们花费很多时间“寻求”(seek)抚养孩子的合适方法。make“制造”；fight“打仗”；work“(使)工作”，均不符合句意。‎ 答案：A ‎12．A.one－sided B．many－sided C．round－way D．two－way 解析：句意：在美国，儿童的社会化已经成为父母和儿童“双方的”(two－way)事，“而不是”(rather than)父母对孩子的单方培养计划。one－sided“单边的”；many－sided“多边的”；round－way“全方位的”，均不符合句意。‎ 答案：D ‎13．A.more than B．rather than C．better than D．less than 解析：考查副词短语。与上题一起理解，该用rather than“而不是”。more than“超过，不仅仅”；better than“好于”；less than“少于，小于”，均不符合句意。‎ 答案：B ‎14．A.manner B．method C．program D．guide 解析：考查名词。句意：父母对孩子成长所进行的培养或培训“计划”(program)。manner“礼貌”，method“方法”，guide“向导”，都不符合句意。‎ 答案：C ‎15．A.talking B．living C．playing D．discussing 解析：考查动词。句意：对于父母而言，让孩子们融入社会并且与他们长时间地“生活”(live)在一起，这既会给父母带来愉快、满足，也会给他们带来诸多麻烦。talk“谈论”；play“玩耍”；discuss“讨论”，都不符合句意。‎ 29‎ 答案：B Cloze 3‎ The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can__1__from a different kind of poverty — of the spirit.__2__， one Western country alone now sees 14，000 attempted suicides (自杀) every year by children under 15, and one child in five needs psychiatric (精神病学的) advice.‎ There are many good things about__3__in the Third World. Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbors for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between__4__and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in offices.__5__， the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbors working nearby and often shares in that work.‎ A child__6__in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community's__7__：helping to dig or build, look after animals or babies — rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets or playing with dolls.‎ These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the__8__children. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions of the sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world，__9__， are provided with a watch as one of the__10__signs of growing up, so that they can__11__along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows...‎ Third World children do not usually __12__ to stay indoors, still less in high rise apartments (公寓). Instead of dangerous roads, “keep off the grass” signs and “don' t speak to strangers”， there is often a sense of __13__ to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them __14__ from ten floors up.‎ Of course, twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all __15__．‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文将第三世界的孩子与西方国家的孩子的童年时代作了对比，阐述了各自的优点和缺点。‎ ‎1．A.come B．learn C．suffer D．survive 29‎ 解析：根据but一词可知富裕世界也存在弊端，生活在优越环境中的孩子“遭受”着精神贫困。‎ 答案：C ‎2．A.As usual B．For instance C．In fact D．In other words 解析：根据空后内容可知此处应表示举例说明。‎ 答案：B ‎3．A.childhood B．poverty C．spirit D．survival 解析：根据上一段第一句的前半句可知此项正确。‎ 答案：A ‎4．A.adults B．fathers C．neighbors D．relatives 解析：根据前一句可知B、C、D三项都太片面，因此不可选。‎ 答案：A ‎5．A.Anyhow B．However C．Instead D．Still 解析：根据上一句可判断此处表示意思的顺接，instead意为“反而，作为代替”，however意为“然而，可是”，因此只有C项符合文意。‎ 答案：C ‎6．A.growing up B．living through C．playing D．working 解析：根据下一段第一句的开头部分可知此项正确。‎ 答案：A ‎7．A.activity B．life C．study D．work 解析：根据冒号后面的内容可知是“工作”。如果选择A项，则需要用复数形式。‎ 答案：D ‎8．A.Eastern B．good C．poor D．Western 解析：本文是将第三世界的孩子与“西方”国家的孩子的童年时代进行对比，前半句是说第三世界的孩子，因此这里选D。B项强调的是“品质”，与所给语境不符。‎ 答案：D ‎9．A.at any moment B．at the same time 29‎ C．on the other hand D．on the whole 解析：此处是进行对比。on the other hand“另一方面”。‎ 答案：C ‎10．A.easiest B．earliest C．happiest D．quickest 解析：在西方国家，戴手表是长大的一种标志。此处强调的是时间。‎ 答案：B ‎11．A.care B．fear C．hurry D．worry 解析：去掉句中的along with their parents这一修饰语，就比较容易理解了。so that后面跟的是目的状语从句，因此可以排除B项。‎ 答案：A ‎12．A.dare B．expect C．have D．require 解析：don't have to意为“不必”，相当于needn't。‎ 答案：C ‎13．A.control B．danger C．disappointment D．freedom 解析：前面提到他们不必一直守在家中，由此可判断他们有学习和玩耍的“自由”。下一句的前半句也提供了暗示。‎ 答案：D ‎14．A.anxiously B．eagerly C．impatiently D．proudly 解析：句意：父母担心的是玩耍的孩子的安全，由此可知A项正确。B项表示“渴望地”，不合题意。‎ 答案：A ‎15．A.bad B．good C．rich D．poor 解析：上文阐述了第三世界国家孩子的童年时代也有许多好处，再结合本句中的but一词可知表示肯定意义。‎ 答案：A ‎ [说明文]‎ Cloze 1‎ It was the night of the full moon, a time which always drives Java' s young people 29‎ ‎ mad with excitement.‎ Fireworks were lit long before the moon__1__. The big noise brought people out into the warm night to enjoy the interesting scene. Everywhere, there were the paper remains of __2__fireworks lying on the ground. Little boys __3__more and covered their ears as they waited __4__for the explosions.‎ The moon appeared above the horizon (地平线): huge，__5__ball high above the city, and the __6__filled with people, as Java began to enjoy one of the year's greatest__7__： “the Night of the Full Moon” , a festival(节日) that is especially popular with young people.‎ More and more young Javanese __8__together and walked slowly through the __9__．Joking and chatting, they moved towards the mountain __10__the city. They continued to climb until they reached the old temple (寺庙) at the __11__of the mountain.‎ After they were inside the temple, they drank their water and ate their moon cakes—delicious home made ones，__12__of dried fruit and nuts. Outside, on the mountain，young people __13__cross legged in circles, chatting and telling each other jokes. And still, in their hundreds, more young people continued to make their way up the mountain to__14__the brightly shining moon.‎ By midnight, the fireworks had stopped shooting up from the__15__city in the valley below them. But during the night, the sound continued to be heard from the distance.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文介绍了爪哇人欢庆他们的重大节日“满月之夜”时的欢乐场面：燃放烟花、登山赏月。‎ ‎1．A.let out B．gave out C．came out D．set out 解析：come out“出来，出现”，符合语境。let out“放掉，泄露”；give out“分发，发出(气味、热等)”；set out“出发，开始”。‎ 答案：C ‎2．A.burning B．used C．exploding D．broken 解析：人们在夜晚放烟花，地上当然是燃烧之后的遗留物，即“用过的”烟花。‎ 答案：B ‎3．A.lit B．bought C．piled D．removed 解析：从后半句孩子们捂着耳朵等待烟花爆炸可知他们继续“燃放”烟花。‎ 29‎ 答案：A ‎4．A.patiently B．calmly C．worriedly D．excitedly 解析：孩子们在等待烟花爆炸时应该是“兴奋地”。‎ 答案：D ‎5．A.silver B．new C．colorful D．gold 解析：根据常识可知月亮是“银白色的”。‎ 答案：A ‎6．A.mountains B．valleys C．streets D．shops 解析：从该句的信息词“the city”可知是“街道”上站满了人。‎ 答案：C ‎7．A.games B．meetings C．sports D．events 解析：“the Night of the Full Moon”是节日，一年中最盛大的“事件”，其他选项不合题意。‎ 答案：D ‎8．A.danced B．gathered C．drank D．shouted 解析：根据上下文可知越来越多的年轻人“聚集”到一起，朝山上走去。‎ 答案：B ‎9．A.village B．scene C．night D．ground 解析：人们在夜间庆祝节日，当然是在“夜里”行走。其他选项明显不合语境。‎ 答案：C ‎10．A.on the edge of B．on the way to C．in the center of D．in the direction of 解析：山当然是在城市的“边缘”。on the way to“去……的路上”；in the center of“在……中心”；in the direction of“在……方向”。‎ 答案：A ‎11．A.tip B．back C．top D．bottom 解析：从该句中的信息词climb可知古庙不在山脚，应该是在山头上。‎ 29‎ 答案：C ‎12．A.fond B．little C．full D．free 解析：句意：月饼里面“填满”干果和果仁。其他选项不合语境。‎ 答案：C ‎13．A.jumped B．sat C．stood D．bent 解析：sat cross legged“盘腿坐着”，从该句的语境看出他们在坐着聊天、讲笑话。其他选项与cross legged搭配不合逻辑。‎ 答案：B ‎14．A.follow B．show C．notice D．admire 解析：人们上山是来“赏月”的。admire有“欣赏”之意。‎ 答案：D ‎15．A.clean B．gray C．peaceful D．empty 解析：月光下城市应该是“灰色的”，从最后部分“继续听到声音”可知C项错误；A、D两项不合语境。‎ 答案：B Cloze 2‎ Have you ever had to decide whether to go shopping or stay home and watch TV on a weekend? Now you can do both at the same time. Home shopping television networks (网络) have become a__1__for many people to shop without ever having to leave their homes.‎ Some shoppers are__2__of department stores and supermarkets —__3__the crowds, waiting in long lines, and sometimes having slight __4__of finding anything they want to buy. They' d rather sit quietly at home in front of the TV set and __5__a friendly announcer describe a product while a model shows it. And they can __6__around the clock, buying something __7__by making a phone call.‎ Department stores and even mail order companies are __8__to join in the success of home shopping. Large department stores are busy __9__their own TV channels (频道) to encourage TV shopping in the future.__10__can ask questions about products and place __11__， all through their TV sets.‎ Will shopping by television__12__take the place of shopping in stores? Some 29‎ ‎ industry managers think so.Yet many people find shopping at a __13__store a great enjoyment. And for many shoppers, it is still important to __14__or try on dresses they want to buy. That' s why specialists say that in the future, home shopping will __15__together with store shopping but will never entirely replace (取代) it.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文介绍了电视购物正在成为一种新时尚。‎ ‎1．A.programme B．way C．reason D．purpose 解析：本题考查名词语境词义辨析能力。句意：坐在家中运用电视网络购物成为一种流行方式。‎ 答案：B ‎2．A.proud B．fond C．tired D．careful 解析：考查形容词固定搭配和语境逻辑推断能力。be proud of“为……自豪”；be fond of“喜欢”；be tired of“厌烦”；be careful of“小心”。由下文“they'd rather sit quietly at home”可知选C。‎ 答案：C ‎3．A.fighting B．striking C．treating D．stopping 解析：考查动词语境词义辨别能力。fight the crowds指购物时走在熙熙攘攘的人群中。‎ 答案：A ‎4．A.sense B．doubt C．hope D．feeling 解析：考查名词辨析。have slight hope of...“……的希望很渺茫”。‎ 答案：C ‎5．A.see B．watch C．let D．notice 解析：考查生活常识及动词词义辨别能力。依据常识，人们应该是看着电视选购自己喜爱的产品。‎ 答案：B ‎6．A.shop B．wait C．turn D．deliver 解析：考查动词语境词义辨别能力。around the clock表示“昼夜不停；连续一整天”。这里意在说明电视购物一天中随时可以进行，非常方便。‎ 答案：A 29‎ ‎7．A.suitably B．cheaply C．simply D．hardly 解析：考查副词词义辨析能力。simply表示强调，“客户需要的仅仅是打个电话”。‎ 答案：C ‎8．A.nervous B．lucky C．equal D．eager 解析：考查形容词语境词义辨析能力。电视购物成为潮流，许多大型商场“急于”分享这块“蛋糕”。be eager to do sth.“急于做某事”。‎ 答案：D ‎9．A.putting up B．making up C．setting up D．looking up 解析：考查动词短语语境运用能力。一些大型百货商店正忙于“筹建”自己的电视购物系统。‎ 答案：C ‎10．A.Guests B．Assistants C．Managers D．Customers 解析：依据上下文，顾客与商店互动，顾客可以咨询问题、填写订单等。‎ 答案：D ‎11．A.orders B．goods C．books D．answers 解析：本题考查语境理解及固定搭配。place an order (for)“订购(某物)”。‎ 答案：A ‎12．A.lastly B．finally C．especially D．fortunately 解析：考查副词语境词义辨析能力。句意：电视购物会不会最终代替商店购物呢？lastly强调罗列要点时“最后一点”；finally则表示“最终，最后”。‎ 答案：B ‎13．A.general B．popular C．real D．true 解析：考查形容词语境词义辨析能力。real强调“客观上存在的，真的”，反义词是imaginary；true则表示“(言语、消息等)真实的”，反义词是false。‎ 答案：C ‎14．A.design B．make C．wear D．touch 29‎ 解析：考查对行文逻辑的理解。or“或者”，因此空白处内容与try on一致，填touch。‎ 答案：D ‎15．A.exist B．practise C．follow D．appear 解析：考查语境逻辑推断能力。专家预测未来社会电视购物将与商店购物并存，但前者永远不会完全替代后者。‎ 答案：A Cloze 3‎ There are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time. One of them is to walk around it, guide－book in hand. Of course, we may __1__ with our guide－books the history and __2__ developments of a town and get to know them. But then, if we take our time and __3__ in a town for a while, we may get to know it better. When we __4__ it as a whole, we begin to have some __5__， which even the best guide－books do not answer. Why is the town just like this, this shape, this plan, this size? Why do its streets __6__ in this particular way, and not in any __7__ way?‎ Here even the best guide－book __8__ us. One can't find in it the information about how a town has developed to the __9__ appearance. It may not describe the original (最初的)__10__ of a town. However, one may get some idea of what it __11__ look like by walking around the town. One can also imagine how the town was first planned and built. Then one can learn more about in what direction the town __12__ to develop.‎ What is the __13__ of studying towns in this way? For me, it is __14__ that one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one' s own eyes. A __15__ visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive than just reading about it in a guide－book.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了了解一个城镇的不同的方法。作者提出亲自到城镇里转一转要比拿一本旅行指南好。‎ ‎1．A.write B．study C．tell D．remember 解析：句意：当然，我们可以用旅行指南去研究一个城镇的历史以及它独特的发展，然后慢慢了解它。分清句子结构，study的宾语是history。‎ 答案：B ‎2．A.strange B．similar 29‎ C．separate D．special 解析：见上题句意。special“特殊的”。separate“单独的，分开的”，strange“奇怪的”，similar“相似的”，都不符合语境。‎ 答案：D ‎3．A.march B．work C．stay D．wait 解析：句意：不过，如果我们花时间在城里待一会儿，我们可以更好地了解它。march“行军，前进”。‎ 答案：C ‎4．A.look at B．look after C．look for D．look up 解析：句意：当我们总体看过之后，我们会有一些连最好的旅游指南都解答不了的问题。‎ 答案：A ‎5．A.ideas B．opinions C．feelings D．questions 解析：由下文的answer可知选D。‎ 答案：D ‎6．A.open B．run C．begin D．move 解析：指街道延伸用run/extend。‎ 答案：B ‎7．A.one B．more C．other D．such 解析：other“其他的”。句意：为什么街道以这种独特的方式延伸，而不是任何其他方式？‎ 答案：C ‎8．A.helps B．tricks C．fails D．satisfies 解析：句意：甚至最好的旅行指南也会使我们失望。fail sb.“使某人失望，有负于某人”。trick sb.“哄骗某人”，与语境不符。‎ 答案：C ‎9．A.old B．normal C．first D．present 解析：present“目前的”。句意：一个城镇如何发展成了现在的样子。‎ 29‎ 答案：D ‎10．A.capital B．meaning C．design D．change 解析：根据后面“the town was first planned and built”可知此空应填design。‎ 答案：C ‎11．A.used to B．seemed to C．had to D．happened to 解析：used to look like“过去看起来是什么样的”。‎ 答案：A ‎12．A.stops B．appears C．starts D．continues 解析：句意：于是，一个人能够对这个城镇继续往什么方向发展有更多的了解。‎ 答案：D ‎13．A.point B．view C．problem D．difficulty 解析：what is the point of doing sth“做某事有何意义”。‎ 答案：A ‎14．A.nearly B．simply C．generally D．hardly 解析：simply“仅仅，只不过”。‎ 答案：B ‎15．A.costly B．formal C．group D．personal 解析：personal“个人的；亲自的”。‎ 答案：D 29‎