北京市密云区2014高考英语阅读理解系列训练12及答案

北京市密云区2014高考英语阅读理解系列训练12及答案

密云区2019高考英语阅读理解系列训练（12）及答案 Hans was an honest fellow with a funny round good-humored face. Living alone, every day he worked in his garden. In all the countryside there was no garden so lovely as his. All sorts of flowers grew there, blooming in their proper order as the months went by, one flower taking another flower’s place, so that there were always beautiful things to see, and pleasant odors to smell.‎ ‎ Hans had many friends, the most devoted being the Miller. So devoted was the rich Miller to Hans that he’d never go by his garden without plucking a large bunch of flowers or a handful of sweet herbs, or filling his pockets with fruits. The Miller used to talk about noble ideas, and Hans nodded and smiled, feeling proud of having such a friend. ‎ ‎ The neighbors thought it strange that the rich Miller never gave Hans anything in return, though he had hundreds of sacks of flour, many cows and sheep, but Hans never troubled his head about these, and nothing gave him greater pleasure than to listen to all the wonderful things about the unselfishness of true friendship. ‎ ‎ In spring, summer, and autumn Hans was very happy, but when winter came, and he had no fruit or flowers to sell, he suffered from cold and hunger. Though extremely lonely, the Miller never came to see him then. [来源:1]‎ ‎ “There’s no good in going to see Hans while the snow lasts.” The Miller said to his wife, “When people are in trouble they shouldn’t be bothered. So I’ll wait till the spring comes when he’s happy to give me flowers.”‎ ‎ “You’re certainly very thoughtful,” answered his wife, “It’s quite a treat to hear you talk about friendship.”‎ ‎ “Couldn’t we ask Hans up here?” said their son. “I’ll give him half my meal, and show him my white rabbits.” ‎ ‎ “How silly you are!” cried the Miller. “I really don’t know what’s the use of sending you to school. If Hans came up here, and saw our warm fire, our good supper, and our red wine, he might get envious, and envy is a most terrible thing, and would spoil anybody’s nature. I am his best friend, and I’ll always watch over him, and see that he’s not led into any temptation. Besides, if Hans came here, he might ask me for some flour. Flour is one thing, and friendship is another, and they shouldn’t be confused. The words are spelt differently, and mean quite different things. Everybody can see that.” He looked seriously at his son, who felt so ashamed that he hung his head ‎ down, and grew quite scared, and began to cry into his tea. ‎ ‎ Spring coming, the Miller went down to see Hans. Again he talked about friendship. “Hans, friendship never forgets. I’m afraid you don’t understand the poetry of life. See, how lovely your roses are!”‎ ‎ Hans said he wanted to sell them in the market to buy back his things which were sold during the hard time of the winter. ‎ ‎ “I’ll give you many good things. I think being generous is the base of friendship.” said the Miller. “And now, as I’ll give you many good things, I’m sure you’d like to give me some flowers in return. Here’s the basket, and fill it quite full.”‎ ‎ Poor Hans was afraid to say anything. He ran and plucked all his pretty roses, and filled the Miller’s basket, imagining the many good things promised by the Miller. ‎ ‎ The next day he heard the Miller calling: “Hans, would you mind carrying this sack of flour for me to market?”‎ ‎ “I’m sorry, but I am really very busy today.”‎ ‎ “Well,” said the Miller, “considering that I’m going to give you my things, it’s rather unfriendly of you to refuse. Upon my word, you mustn’t mind my speaking quite plainly to you.”‎ ‎ Poor Hans was driven by his friendship theory to work hard for his best friend, leaving his garden dry and wasted.‎ ‎ One evening Hans was sitting by fire when the Miller came. ‎ ‎ “Hans,” cried the Miller, “My little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself, and I’m going for the Doctor. But he lives so far away, and it’s such a bad windy night. It has just occurred to me that you can go instead of me. You know I’m going to give you my good things, so you should do something for me in return.”‎ ‎ “Certainly,” cried Hans. He struggled into the stormy night, and got the doctor to ride a horse to the Miller’s house in time to save the boy. However, Hans got lost in the darkness, and wandered off into a deep pool, drowned.‎ ‎ At Hans’ funeral, the Miller said, “I was his best friend. I should walk at the head of the procession.” Every now and then he wiped his eyes with a handkerchief. ‎ ‎16. From the passage, we can learn that Hans ___________. ‎ ‎ A. was extremely wise and noble B. was highly valued by the Miller ‎ C. admired the Miller very much D. had a strong desire for fortune ‎17. “Flour is one thing, and friendship is another” can be understood as ___________. ‎ ‎ A. “Different words may mean quite different things.”]‎ ‎ B. “Interest is permanent while friendship is flexible.”‎ ‎ C. “I’m afraid you don’t understand the poetry of life.”‎ ‎ D. “I think being generous is the base of friendship.”‎ ‎18. From the Miller’s talk at home, we can see he was ___________. ‎ ‎ A. serious but kind ‎ B. helpful and generous[‎ C. caring but strict ‎ D. selfish and cold-hearted ‎19. What’s the main cause of Hans’ tragedy?‎ ‎ A. True friendship between them.‎ B. A lack of formal education. ‎ ‎ C. A sudden change of weather.‎ D. Blind devotion to a friend. ‎ ‎20. The author described the Miller’s behavior in order to ___________. ‎ ‎ A. entertain the readers with an incredible joking tale ‎ B. show the friendship between Hans and the Miller ‎ C. warn the readers about the danger of a false friend ‎ ‎ D. persuade people to be as intelligent as the Miller 参考答案16—20、CBDDC ‎ ‎*************************************************************结束 C FRIDAY, Dec．5, 2019—College students who think all-night study sessions will help them remember facts might want to get some sleep instead．That's the message from a new study that finds that as you sleep, the mind consolidates the things you learn during the day．‎ Study participants who learned how to play a video game in the morning or evening did a ‎ better job the next day after a night's rest, apparently because their brains were actively absorbing what they'd learned as they slept．‎ The finding shows "that sleep is not just a passive state when no information is coming in," said Howard Nusbaum, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago．‎ For the study, the researchers recruited 200 college students．Most of them weren't very familiar with playing video games．Some of the participants learned how to play the games in the morning, while others learned in the evening．The researchers then tested the subjects on the video games 12 hours later and 24 hours later．‎ Those who took part in the morning training sessions showed an average eight-percentage-point improvement in their performance immediately after training．They performed more poorly—scoring four percentage points better—12 hours later．But they scored 10 percentage points better the next morning．‎ ‎"If we train you in the morning and come back at the end of the day, you forget some of what you learned," Nusbaum said．"But if you sleep after that, it restores some of what you learned．" ‎ The students who took part in the evening training sessions performed better the next morning after sleeping, than they did after being trained．‎ The role that dreams play in the learning process—if any—isn't clear．But some dreams could serve as a kind of practice for the brain, Nusbaum said．"If you play a video game a lot, and you're playing in your dreams, maybe that could help you learn．"‎ Jerry Siegel, professor at the Center for Sleep Research at the University of Calfornia, Los Angeles, said going without sleep hurts performance, but he's not convinced that sleep itself actively contributes to learning．‎ ‎"If you take a break for a few hours, it can easily be shown that learning did occur, because performance is better at the start of a new learning session than it was at the end of the initial session," he said．"No sleep needs to occur for this to happen．" ‎ Still, Siegel suggested that sleep before learning a skill is crucial．"For long-term retention, it is more important to be well rested and therefore attentive when you are doing the learning than afterwards," he said．"It is even better if you don't have to choose and get your natural amounts of sleep every day．" ‎ ‎9 What does the underlined word ‘want’ （in Paragraph 1） mean? ‎ ‎ A．lack B．wish C．desire D．need ‎ ‎10 What is mainly talked about in this text? ‎ ‎ A．The effect of video games on learning ‎ B．The relation between sleep and learning．‎ ‎ C．The role of dreams in the learning process ‎ D．The difference between morning and evening trainings．‎ ‎11 What would be the best title for the text? ‎ ‎ A．Sleep strengthens learning． B．Dreams clearly help learning．‎ ‎ C．A break before learning is better． D．Video games improve performance．‎ ‎12 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? ‎ ‎ A．Training in the morning showed better results at once．‎ ‎ B．Learning won’t occur during sleeping without dreams．．‎ ‎ C．Sleeping well helps to absorb what one learned ‎ D．Studying all night helps to remember more facts．‎ 参考答案 9-12 DBAC ‎ ‎****************************************************结束 ‎1.（201*·山东卷）‎ Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.‎ Recently, two researchers, Jose Milan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic school in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person’s thoughts.[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.‎ ‎“our brain has billions of nerve ceils. These send signals through the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”‎ ‎ The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from ‎ the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain. ‎ Prof. Milan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”‎ He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.‎ A. help to update computer systems ‎ B. link the human brain with computers C. help the disabled to recover ‎ D. control a person's thoughts ‎ ‎72. How" did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory? ‎ ‎ A. By controlling his muscles. B. By talking to the machine. ‎ ‎ C. By moving his hand. D. By using his mind.‎ ‎73. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?‎ ‎ A. scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair ‎ B. computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair ‎ C. scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair[来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]‎ ‎ D. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair ‎74. The team will test with real patients to ‎ ‎ A. make profits from them B. prove the technology useful to them ‎ C. make them live longer D. learn about their physical condition ‎75. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?‎ ‎ A. Switzerland, the ‎BCI‎ Research ‎Center ‎ B. New Findings About How the Human Brain Works ‎ C. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled D. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries ‎【解析】：71-75:BDCBC ‎【语篇解读】本文是一则新闻报道，介绍了Brain-computer interface(BCI)技术的发明，原理和对残疾人带来的益处。‎ ‎71. B。细节理解题。从第一段第一句话可知。‎ ‎72.D．细节理解题。见第二段“Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band.”。‎ ‎73.C.细节理解题。见第五段描述。‎ ‎74.B．细节推断题。见最后一段“to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.”，证明他们可以从中获得的好处。‎ ‎75.C.主旨大意题。本文是新闻文体，因此要关注首段的中心，由首段的第二句话“Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.”推断选C。‎ ‎**************************************************************结束 ‎2.（201*·安徽卷） ‎ George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book, Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise. Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice):‎ ‎“We’ve become so accustomed to noise, there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. But it’s never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.”‎ ‎“We need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear if you merely quiet things down a little. During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art—the spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono(和服)brushing against the floor.”[来源:学_科_网]‎ ‎“Deaf people are very attentive(专注的)in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them. If we remove the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us—of little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking(开裂声). It’s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen. ”‎ ‎【文章大意】文章介绍了George Prochnik的新著Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise 和他的观点：在喧嚣的世界中创造一方不太纷扰的环境，这个世界会更美好。‎ ‎72. What does the phrase “to put a sock in it” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?‎ A. to be quiet B. to be colorful ‎ C. to be full of love D. to be attentive to someone[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K]‎ ‎【解析】选A。词义理解题。根据第二段作者的观点Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.可知，作者是推崇的silence, 故选A项。‎ ‎73. What does Prochnik say about us?‎ A. We are used to quietness B. We have to put up with noise C. We do not think silence to be beneficial D. We do not believe lasting peace to be available ‎【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段We’ve become so accustomed to noise, there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial和it’s never been more important to find continuing quiet及第三段During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art等句可以判断得出，我们生活在一个喧闹的世界，寂静才是我们的追求，故选择C项。‎ ‎74. Which of the following is true according to Prochnik?‎ A. We need more sounds in our lives B. There is nothing to be learned from the deaf C. We are not aware how rich the world around us is D. There is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony ‎【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章末段If we remove the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us.... It’s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen.可知C项正确。A项和作者的观点相反；根据We in the hearing world can learn from them (deaf people)可知B项错误；根据During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art可知作者赞赏the smallest sounds，故D项错误。‎ ‎75. It can be inferred from the text that .‎ A. we can benefit a lot from old people B. it is a good idea to use sign language C. there is no escape from the world of sound ‎ D. it is possible to find how beautiful things sound ‎【解析】选D。推理判断题。通读全文可知，尽管我们生活在一个喧闹的世界，作者提倡我们创造一个不太纷扰的环境，果真如此，这个世界是很美好的，据此D项正确。‎ ‎****************************************************************结束