上海高考英语新题型阅读六选四高二日 老师用

上海高考英语新题型阅读六选四高二日 老师用

‎ 先至教育 辅导时间：3/ 5 年 级：高二 时 长：2 H 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： ‎ 授课类型 阅读六选四技巧训练 教学目标 联系上下文理解文章大意，理论逻辑关系，采用排除法，阅读并不难，‎ 授课时段 ‎ 上海市高考英语阅读新题型：六选四 ‎2017 上海市英语高考改革新要求：（趋势：听力部分要求下降，增加了读写部分）：‎ ‎（听说测试：人机对话） 口试20分 ，折合10分计入总分 笔试：140分 ‎1，听力25分（原来30分）——短对话10分，短文2篇+长对话1篇 1.5*10=15分 ‎2，语法和词汇20分——语法一篇10分，词汇11选10,10分 ‎3，阅读45分——完形填空1篇15分，阅读3篇11*2=22分，六选四4*2=8分 ‎4，概括写作10分 ‎5，翻译15分——共4句，3+3+4+5‎ ‎6，写作25分 特别强调！！！ 3阅读中的六选四和4概括写作是全新题型 ‎ 新题型说明 ‎ 文章篇幅比第一部分要长,所给出的被选项要多于题目个数, 该部分的正文一般都有很清楚的思路或者论据,考察的是一种逻辑关系.‎ 阅读本身考察的就是对文章的理解掌控能力，所以不论题目以什么形式出现，都是考察多文章的理解和大意的把握，六选四的出现说明题目从传统的单项选择上转移到一个更深的层次上，即对句子和语篇的理解，在做这种题目时，应该注意以下四点:‎ ‎1 把握文章主题句和结尾句 ‎2 特别注意句句之间、段段之间的连接词 ‎3 答案模糊时，联系上下文，排除干扰项 ‎4 检查时，代入选项看是否通顺 ‎ 解题步骤 ‎1. 先读题目要求的第一句,初步了解主题.‎ ‎2. 利用语法知识确定句子缺失成分 ‎3. 重点阅读空格前后的句子利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格.‎ ‎4. 认真阅读选项,并找出关键词与空格进行搭配.‎ 人们讲话或写文章时，常常要把前后讲的或写的内容加以联系。联系的方式有几类，它们为语言的应用提供粘合(cohesion)。取得粘合最常用的方式是返指(referring back)已经提及的事项。取得粘合的另一方式就是预指(referring forward)将要说及的事项。文章中常见的指代方法：‎ 返指方法一：‎ 使用名词词组返指前文中的具体名词，避免重复，并从意思上进行具体解释。‎ 返指方法二：‎ 在名词（或名词词组）前使用the这一特指限定词，返指前文中提到的名词或词组。‎ 返指方法三：使用副词来指代前文中提到或讨论到的时间。‎ 返指方法四：‎ ‎ 用this；that和他们的复数形式these和those清楚地返指前文中提到的事物和事实；用such作为限定词或形容词返指刚刚提及的事物。‎ 返指方法五：‎ ‎ 所谈的行为或情况在前面已经提及时，可用so来替代。‎ 返指方法六：‎ ‎ 使用人称代词和物主代词。‎ ‎ 在A－F备选句中一旦出现代词，就应该在前文中找到对应。否则该句就不能成为答案。‎ ‎ 技巧在线，实例分析 一 句际关系的分析 ‎1. 并列关系:空格前后的句子基本属于同一主题, 没有发生转折 Example 1‎ All banks pay interest on savings accounts. ____4____ Banks also pay interest at different times. ____5____ Suppose, for example, that on January 1, you deposited $ 1,000 in a bank that paid 4 1/2 percent interest semiannually. By July 1,you would have earned $ 22.50 interest. This interest would automatically be credited to your account; and of you left it in the bank, along with your original deposit, you would receive interest on $ 1,022.50 for the next six-month period. That is, your interest would be compounded.‎ A. But the majority of them pay semiannually, that is, every six months. 5‎ B. The interest rate varies from bank to bank, but the general range is from 4 1/2 to 6 percent. 4‎ C. This means that passbook contains an actual record of all transactions made and that you know the exact amount of savings you have at any one time.‎ D. One of these is checking accounts.‎ E. First you would be asked to fill out a signature card.‎ F. But most banks pay interest at the end of a year.‎ G. One of the most important of these is regular passbook savings.‎ ‎ ‎ Example 2‎ You state on February 13th that New Mexico has “few natural resources”, ____ example____ In 1991 New Mexico ranked fourth in the United States in production of natural gas, seventh in oil and tenth in non-fuel minerals ____8____ Non-fuel minerals contributed about $ 1 billion and coal $509 million.‎ A. That it has a broadly based tax structure is an important point.‎ B. In 1992 it produced more oil than Colorado and Kansas combined.‎ C. However, the extractive mineral industry in New Mexico is one of the state’s strongest economic forces.‎ D. During fiscal year 1992 New Mexico raised permanent funds worth about $6.1 billion.‎ E. The combined value of oil and gas production was $ 2.8 billion.‎ F. Some 16,000 employees work in the extractive industries and their wages are among the highest of any major industry.‎ G. The $39 million earned by these funds in 1991 was used to finance education and other public services.‎ ‎ ‎ Example 3‎ The Cash-free Society ‎____ example ____ . Theft of cash would become impossible. Bank robberies and cash-register robberies would simply cease to occur ____ ( 8 ) ____ . Purse snatchings would become a thing of the past. Urban streets would become safer ____ ( 9 ) ____ . Security costs and insurance rates would fall. Property values would rise. Neighborhoods would improve.‎ A. A national electronic-money system would operate as a debit-card system.‎ B. Retail shops in once dangerous areas could operate in safety. 9‎ C. As a result, income tax rates could be lowered or the national debt reduced.‎ D. The use of cash has diminished substantially since World War II.‎ E. Attacks on shopkeepers, taxi drivers, and cashiers would all end. 8‎ F. The emergence of electronic funds-transfer technology makes it possible to change the nature of money and to divorce it from evil.‎ G. Almost every present-day cash transaction can be duplicated electronically.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. 总分关系 (举例关系)‎ Example 1‎ A modern bank provides many services other than checking accounts. ____1____‎ If you went to a bank to open a savings account, you would go through almost the same procedures followed in applying for a checking account.‎ A. But the majority of them pay semiannually, that is, every six months.‎ B. The interest rate varies from bank to bank, but the general range is from 4 1/2 to 6 percent.‎ C. This means that passbook contains an actual record of all transactions made and that you know the exact amount of savings you have at any one time.‎ D. One of these is checking accounts.‎ E. First you would be asked to fill out a signature card.‎ F. But most banks pay interest at the end of a year.‎ G. One of the most important of these is regular passbook savings.‎ ‎ ‎ Example 2‎ Unfortunately, technological developments in equipment for document management seem more impressive than they really are. (12) __ New technological solutions are needed to tackle the problem, to help drive businesses forward to improve their productivity and output.‎ A. These new methods of handling paperwork have already greatly improved efficiency.‎ B. This would be a key way of improving white collar productivity.‎ C. It will help them to make better use of all office employees.‎ D. However, this enormous investment has not improved productivity as expected.‎ E. Laser printers have many limitations, and photocopiers have few applications.‎ F. Most technology has concentrated its attention on the first two of these stages.‎ G. These figures are hardly surprising since documents convey nine-tenths of all information.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. 转折关系: 空格前后的句子在含义上发生转折 Example 1‎ Electricity is a significant source of export income for Canada. ____ 9 ____ But in the 1970s ,Canadian exports rose sharply to address the U. S. demand for cheaper and more reliable.‎ A. Besides, electricity from coal and nuclear is 50% to 75% cheaper than many other industrial nations.‎ B. Generated primarily by water, our power supplies have attracted and supported energyintensive industries such as mining.‎ C. It also ranks among the top three electricity producers in the world, behind the U. S. and Russia.‎ D. Next to electricity, Canadian paper exports came to 900 million US dollars every year in the ‎1960s.‎ E. Two large nuclear power plants began to generate electricity.‎ F. Canada and the U. S. imported and exported power in almost equal measures after 1901.‎ G. Therefore, the Canadian government has little influence on these forces.‎ ‎ ‎ Example 2‎ The power of personal computers has increased dramatically, and the uses of software have expanded too. Companies both large and small have spent large sums of money on improving office computer facilities.(8) ________.It seems that business has failed to apply the developments in technology to greater effect, to increase the amount of time which office workers have available for non-routine tasks. To do this, we need to understand how information is processed in business ventures.‎ ‎ ‎ A. These new methods of handling paperwork have already greatly improved efficiency.‎ B. This would be a key way of improving white collar productivity.‎ C. It will help them to make better use of all office employees.‎ D. However, this enormous investment has not improved productivity as expected.‎ E. Laser printers have many limitations, and photocopiers have few applications.‎ F. Most technology has concentrated its attention on the first two of these stages.‎ G. These figures are hardly surprising since documents convey nine-tenths of all information.‎ ‎ ‎ 表示转折关系的词汇:‎ But/yet/however/unlike/rather than/no but/on the contrary/ in contrast with/conversely ‎ ‎ ‎4. 因果关系: 如果空格前后出现表示因果关系的词或词组,空格与前后句子是因果关系 Example 1‎ Suppose you had an assistant who screened and selected only the quality books for you. ____ (8)____ . So you could obtain a working knowledge of the book’s contents in a fraction of the time. Now you can have that assistant with Executive Book Summaries.‎ A) These introductory texts are the most important books and using them can pay big dividends.‎ B) Discover practical tips and techniques you can apply without delay.‎ C) In order to avoid this problem, we select for you only the truly worthwhile titles and reject the rest.‎ D) According to studies published in psychology journals, you retain the content of a summary better than a book.‎ E) He or she would take the most important ideas from each one, and compile them into a neat executive summary.‎ 课堂随练 ‎(一)‎ Most drinks stating that they are fruit-flavored （水果味道的） contain no fruit at all, while most of the rest contain only a small quantity of fruit, according to a study carried by the British Food Commission．‎ ‎"Shoppers need to check the labels（标签）before buying drinks, though sometimes the actual content can be non-existent," said Food Commission spokesperson Lan Tokelove．"Food production is highly competitive．___1 __ It will increase profits, and consumers won't always realize they are being tricked." Flavorings are focused on the flavors of natural food products such as fruits, meats and vegetables, or creating flavor for food products that do not have the desired flavors．Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores． __2_ Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit．In addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar．‎ ‎_3 _ Let's take jam as an example. Some strawberry-flavored jam was labeled as containing no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all.‎ The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.‎ Consumers have the rights to know clearly about what they have bought．Under current UK law. Food packages do no not have to distinguish between natural and artificial flavoring. "Describing a product as strawberry flavor and covering the surface of the packed with pictures of strawberries is misleading. _4_ Unfortunately, it is also legal and widespread," Tokelove said.‎ A．The products which contain real fruit are popular with people．‎ B．Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit．‎ C．They found that about 60 percent of them didn't contain any fruit at all．‎ D．If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so． E．It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products．‎ F．Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all．‎ ‎(二)‎ On a typical hot August day in Xianyou County, Fujian Province, Zeng Demei, a retired worker in his seventies, hurries down a busy street．In his hand is a black leather bag．Zeng opens his bag, taking out two forms．1‎ Each of the forms contains detailed information of a student．On his arrival two hours later a woman greets him and leads him to her office where another man is waiting．They are the two village officials．They inspect the forms handed to them byZeng and immediately recognize the girls．2? "It’s a pity but it doesn't matter．" says Zeng, who wastes no time in deciding to look for the remaining child, Su Qiuju．‎ After half an hour, they stop outside a small house made of mud brick．A middle-aged man and a girl in a faded pink dress greet them．Su Qiuju is eight years old．She was forced to drop out of school after both her parents died．She is now living with her uncle who cannot afford his own children's education．However, the year of education Su Qiuju did complete was a successful one．3 ． ‎ When they are about to leave, Zeng says, "I must find a supporter for this girl to sponsor her education．" Zeng has made it his retirement task to help children complete their schooling．Back in 1999, Zeng took part in a campaign started by the local women's organization to help students from poor families．He was so overcome by the tough situation of many poor children ?that he donated all his money to help out a girl.‎ His task had begun and since then he has spent his time persuading his friends and neighbors and others to donate money．"To me, children's education is the most important．"4 ‎ When asked how long he will keep up his vital work as the community's guardian angel, he has a simple reply．" Not until my eyes can't see, and my feet can't move．"‎ A．They were having problems with their schoolwork B．These are for the two girls he's going to visit this morning C．They live in a small village not very far, though only one of the girls is still living at home D．She displayed a talent for handwriting, writing her three-character name neatly and beautifully E．The thought of students dropping out of school bothers me so much that I can't get to sleep at night F．Of course, some people question why I would want to give up my retirement to go to so much trouble ‎ 课后作业 ‎(一)‎ Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences._1- Trust is a risk.But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.‎ Unfortunately，we’ve all been victims of betrayal.Whether we’ve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.—2--It’s understandable，but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there.‎ ‎.Learn to really trust yourself. Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. -3--If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.At some point in ‎ all of our lives，we’ll have our trust tested or violated.‎ ‎?You didn’t lose “everything”.Once trust is lost，what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.-4-- Instead，it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.‎ A.It is putting confidence in someone.‎ B.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.‎ C.Remember that you can expect the best in return.‎ D.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.‎ E.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. F.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.‎ ‎(二)‎ ‎. This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant，especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy.- 1- They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.-2 --Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?‎ So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?‎ First，understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.—3- And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming，try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple，like taking a shower or walking，or even making meaningless drawings.‎ It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”，being focused，is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.—4-‎ Finally，you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. Therefore，it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.‎ Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.‎ A.Having interesting things to think about also helps.‎ B.They stare off into space and wander by themselves.‎ C.Without wandering minds，we wouldn’t have relativity，Coke or Post-it notes.‎ D.At one time，daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E.It involves slow，steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.‎ F.Daydreams are often very simple and direct，quite unlike sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand.‎ 答案:(一) D C B F (二).BCDE (一) A. D B F(二). BCAE