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步步高2017高考英语一轮复习Unit5Thepowerofnature素材新人教版选修6
Unit 5 The power of nature 话题词汇 1.earthquake n.地震 2.tsunami n.海啸 3.famine n.饥荒 4.shelter n.避难所 5.victim n.受灾者 6.natural disaster自然灾害 7.stricken area受灾地区 8.a state of emergency紧急状态 9.the caring donation爱心捐赠 10.donate blood义务献血 经典语篇 近年来地震的频繁发生给人类的生存带来了严重影响,为此你所在的学校要求学生平时多了解关于地震逃生的方法。现在,请你用英语为班里的同学做一次地震时在室内如何逃生的讲解,请结合下面要点写一篇英语发言稿。 1.来不及跑时可迅速躲到坚固的家具下面或卫生间里面; 2.趴下,闭目,并用毛巾等捂住口鼻,以阻挡灰尘; 3.尽量关掉煤气开关或电器开关; 4.不要外逃或从楼上跳下,不能使用电梯。 注意:1.词数:100左右; 2.短文要求包含以上要点,但不必逐条翻译; 3.可以适当发挥,增加细节,以使行文连贯。 佳作欣赏 My dear classmates,we all know that life is precious.Then how can we protect ourselves when we come across a horrible earthquake?Now let me give you some advice on how to survive an earthquake①. When a serious earthquake takes place,we should hide in a bathroom or under some strong furniture immediately.At the same time we’d better fall on the ground and close our eyes with a towel on our nose and mouth② to stop the dust.If it is possible,please turn off the gas stop③ and the electric power switch.But you mustn’t try to run out or jump off a building.And do remember not to use the elevator④. That’s all.Thank you! 思维发散 1.仿照第①句用“介词+疑问词+to do...”翻译句子 你们决定好什么时候去上海了吗? Have you decided on when to go to Shanghai? 2.仿照第②句用with复合结构完成句子 有一些问题尚待解决,因此我们还需尽快再召开一次会议。(2016·江西九江市模拟) With several problems remaining to be solved,we still needed to hold another meeting as soon as possible. 3.将第③句改为省略句 If possible,please turn off the gas stop. 4.仿照第④句用do表示强调翻译句子 务请帮我解答这道数学题。 Do help me with this maths problem. Ⅰ.重点单词 A.写作单词 1.guarantee (vt.)保证;担保 2.wave (n.)波浪;波涛;(vi.)波动;起伏;挥手 3.potential (adj.)可能的;潜在的;(n.)潜在性;可能性;潜能 4.actual (adj.)实在的;实际的 5.candidate (n.)候选人;候补者 6.appoint (vt.)任命;委派 appointment (n.)约会,约定;任命,委任 7.equipment (n.)设备;装备 equip (vt.)装备 8.suit (vt.)适合;使适宜;(n.)套装;一套外衣 suitable (adj.)合适的,适当的 9.shoot (vt.)射中;射伤 shot (n.)射击;枪炮声 10.anxious (adj.)忧虑的;不安的 anxiety (n.)担心;焦虑;渴望 B.阅读单词 11.alongside (adv.)在旁边;沿着边;(prep.)在……旁边;沿着……的边 12.precious (adj.)贵重的;珍贵的 13.unconscious (adj.)失去知觉的;未察觉的 14.tremble (vi.)摇晃;颤抖;摇动 15.panic (vi.& vt.)惊慌;(n.)惊慌;恐慌 16.sweat (n.) 汗;(vi.)出汗 17.document (n.)文件;证件 18.typhoon (n.)台风 19.fountain (n.)泉水;喷泉;(v.)泉水般地喷出或涌出 20.questionnaire (n.)问卷;调查表 21.diagram (n.)图解;图表;示意图 22.erupt (vi.)(指火山)爆发;突然发生 eruption (n.)火山爆发;(战争等)爆发 23.evaluate (vt.)评估;估计;评价 evaluation (n.)评估;评价 24.threat (n.)恐吓;威胁 threaten (v.)威胁;恐吓 25.diverse (adj.)多种多样的;不同的 diversity (n.)多种多样;多样性 26.bathe (vi.)洗澡;游泳 bath (n.)洗澡;游泳 27.appreciation (n.)欣赏;感激;感谢 appreciate (vt.)欣赏;感激 Ⅱ.重点短语 1.be compared with与……相比 2.protect...from...保护……免受……伤害 3.be appointed as被委派为…… 4.burn to the ground全部焚毁 5.be about to do sth.即将做某事;马上就要做某事 6.make one’s way前往 7.glance through匆匆看一遍 8.vary from...to...由……到……不等 9.give birth to生产;产生 Ⅲ.经典句式 1.However weak we are,we are not completely powerless. 无论我们多么脆弱,我们不是一点力量都没有的。 2.Having collected and evaluated the information,I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 收集和评估这些信息之后,我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流,流速是多少。 3.I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 我刚要再睡,突然我的卧室亮如白昼。 4.The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study,but this being my first experience,I stayed at the top and watched them. 另外两人爬下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆,我是第一次经历这样的事,所以留在山顶上观察他们。 5.It is said that this boy,who had a great gift for languages and persuasion,is the father of the Manchu people. 据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先,他具有语言天赋和很强的说服能力。 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 I often travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world.Using scientific equipment and 1.collecting(collect) information about volcanoes is my job.2.Although/Though my job is occasionally dangerous,I don’t mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive.3.As is known,when lava from the volcano flows,many houses will be covered 4.with lava or burnt to the ground.However,my job helps other scientists predict 5.where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast,which can help protect ordinary people 6.from one of the most powerful forces on earth—the volcano.I once experienced the eruption of Mount Kilauea 7.and was lucky to have a close look at the 8.absolutely(absolute) fantastic sight.When it broke out,red lava was fountained hundreds of meters into the air.All the lava 9.passing(pass) slowly down the mountain caused great damage and buried everything in 10.its path under the molten rock. 1. appoint vt.任命;委派(choose sb.for);安排,确定(时间、地点)(arrange;decide on) [应试指导] 求职类写作高频词汇 (1)appoint sb.(as/to be)...任命某人为…… appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事 (2)by appointment 按照约定 make an appointment with sb.与某人预约/约会 (1)They appointed him (as/to be) captain of the English team. 他们任命他为英格兰队队长。 (2)The manager appointed him to receive the businessman. 经理指定他去接待那个商人。 多维训练 (1)单句语法填空 ①The Prime Minister has appointed a civilian as the defence minister. ②I have made an appointment with Doctor Smith. ③Our doctors are seen by appointment only. ④The time appointed(appoint) for the meeting was 10:30. (2)同义句改写 He was appointed as captain of the basketball team and led the players to the next session of the Olympic Games.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) Appointed as captain of the basketball team,he led the players to the next session of the Olympic Games. 2. suit v.适合;(使)适宜(be right for);n.诉讼;恳求;套装(a set of clothes) [多词一义] suitable,fit,suited,appropriate (1)suit sb.适合某人 suit one’s needs适合某人的需要 (2)be suitable for适合于…… be suitable to do sth.适合做某事 (1)That color doesn’t suit her. 那种颜色不适合她。 (2)The film is not suitable for children. 这电影不适合孩子。 [词义辨析] suit,match,fit (1)suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、时间等。 (2)match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。 (3)fit多指大小、形状合适,引申为“吻合,协调”。 多维训练 (1)用suit,match,fit的正确形式填空 The size of the shirt fits me well and its color matches my tie,so it suits me. (2)同义句改写 The challenge is finding suitable partners for them.(用动词suit和定语从句改写) The challenge is finding partners that suit them. 3. anxious adj.忧虑的;不安的;渴望的 (1)be anxious for/about担心…… be anxious to do...渴望做…… be anxious+从句(从句中常用虚拟语气) (2)anxiety n.担心;焦虑;渴望 with anxiety焦急地 (3)anxiously adv.焦虑地;急切地 (1)He is anxious about her safety. 他对她的安全感到焦虑。 (2)We waited with anxiety for our examination results. 我们焦急地等待着考试结果。 [特别提醒] (1)anxiety表示抽象意义的“忧虑”、“焦急”时,为不可数名词;表示具体意义的“焦虑”或“担心的事”时,则为可数名词。 (2)anxiety表示想得到某物或想做某事,其后通常跟不定式或“for+名词”作定语。 多维训练 (1)单句语法填空 ①After listening to his advice she had no more anxieties(anxious). ②His anxiety to go(go) was obvious. ③His anxiety for knowledge deserves our praise. ④He was anxious that they (should) have(have) all they want. ⑤Anxiously(anxious),she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only to find it didn’t fit. (2)同义句改写 She looked at her sick child and was very anxious.(用形容词短语作状语改写) She looked at her sick child,very anxious. 4. guarantee vt.保证;担保(promise);n.保证;担保;保修单 [应试指导] 应用类写作高频词汇 (1)guarantee sb.sth.保证某人某事 guarantee to do sth./that...保证做某事;确保…… be guaranteed to do...肯定会……;保证会做…… (2)under guarantee在保修期内 give sb.a guarantee that...向某人担保…… (1)All students are guaranteed campus accommodation for their first year. 保证安排所有的学生第一年在校内住宿。 (2)Even if you complete your training,I can’t guarantee you a job. 即使你完成了培训,我也无法保证你能有工作。 (3)We are guaranteed to exchange the uncertified products. 我们保换质量不合格的产品。 多维训练 (1)单句语法填空 ①I guarantee to pay(pay) off his debts. ②This broken watch is still under guarantee. (2)一句多译 我们保证在一周内将货物送到。 ①We guarantee to deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.) ②We give a guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee n.) 5. make one’s way前往;到……地方去(head for);(在事业上)有所起步 多维训练 用fight,force,wind,feel,make的正确形式填空 (1)There was no light,so we had to feel our way in the dark. (2)She gradually fought her way to the top of the company. (3)Try and force your way through the crowd. (4)The bus is winding its way up the mountain. (5)We made our way directly to the recreation room. 6. It is said that this boy,who had a great gift for languages and persuasion,is the father of the Manchu people.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先,他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。 句型公式:It is said that... It is said that...据说…… It is thought that...大家认为…… It is believed that...人们相信…… It is hoped that...人们希望…… It is reported that...据报道…… It is wellknown that...众所周知…… It is supposed that...据推测…… (1)It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. 据说人类天生就有说话的能力。 (2)It is reported that the UN Conference will be held in Istanbul recently. 据报道,联合国大会将于近日在伊斯坦布尔举行。 [特别提醒] 上述结构可改为Sb./Sth.be said/thought/believed/hoped...to do/to be doing/to have done,根据动词不定式和said动作之间的时间关系来断定使用不定式的一般式、进行式还是完成式。 多维训练 同义句改写(用he作主语改写) (1)It is supposed that he is working in that big company. He is supposed to be working in that big company. (2)It is said that he has written a new book about workers. He is said to have written a new book about workers. (3)It is thought that he often helps the people in need. He is often thought to help the people in need. Ⅰ.语境填词 1.But Oshbot,like other social robots,is not intended to replace workers,but to work alongside(和……一起) other employees.(2015·天津) 2.Developing the ability to evaluate(评估) reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.(2014·北京) 3.But I have absolute(绝对的) confidence in passing the exams and going into an ideal university.(2014·四川) 4.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to develop to their greatest potential(潜力).(2015·江苏) 5.Most people work because it’s unavoidable.By contrast,there are some people who actually(实际地) enjoy work.(2015·浙江) Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr.Smith got angry?(2014·四川) 2.Amie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed(appoint) to guard her.(2014·浙江) 3.Opposite is St.Paul’s Church,where you can hear some lovely music.(2015·北京) 4.The company also says that with electricity rates(电价) varying(vary) depending on the time of day,more control over when the machines are used can help save money.(2012·山东) 5.This study may contribute to treating anxiety(anxious) and stress better.(2013·四川) 6.Things are guaranteed(guarantee)—100 percent—to get better.(2013·浙江) 7.It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife,Eleanor.(2014·辽宁) 8.Bats are surprisingly longlived creatures,some having(have) a life span of around 20 years.(2011·浙江) 9.I was really disappointed and about to leave when he walked out of a building.(2011·陕西) 10.He came across that floor waving(wave) his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight.(2015·湖南) Ⅲ.短语填空 1.Once at the office,you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters.(2012·湖北) 2.Class sizes vary from one to one hundred and resources can be basic,but your students will welcome you with open arms.(2014·广东) 3.Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable for eating,so they are thrown away.(2013·江西) 4.A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and,for fear that the child should be sold South,switched him for the master’s baby by his wife.(2013·江苏) 5.He had a real gift for handling chores(家务活),sheltering me from unpleasant repair jobs.(2014·重庆) 6.We finally dropped Gina off at her parents’ and made our way home.(2012·辽宁) Ⅳ.完成句子 1.大部分时间坐在办公桌旁,办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。 Much time spent sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015·江苏) 2.我正要放弃这时父亲前来鼓励我继续下去。 I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.(2014·福建) 3.据说肢体语言占第一印象的55%,而你说的话只占7%。 It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.(2015·福建) 4.公园里挤满了人,他们在阳光下尽情的欢乐。 The park was full of people,enjoying themselves in the sunshine.(2015·北京) 5.我们几乎已经花完了所有的钱,没钱住旅馆了。 Having spent nearly all our money,we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.(2014·江西) 写作素材(关于火灾) 1.李华是一个很有潜力的人。 2.他大学一毕业就被任命为一名消防员。 3.一天,他正要回家,这时他发现一栋楼房失火了。 4.他匆匆地看了一下火情,不惊不慌地挤过人群,冲进 火海。 5.他冒着生命危险救出了被困的五个从5岁到15岁不等的孩子。 提示:黑体部分用本单元词汇表达,并且请使用who引导的定语从句,现在分词短语作状语等。 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文) Li Hua is a person who has potential abilities.As soon as he graduated from college,he was appointed as a firefighter.One day,he was about to go home when he found a fire broke out in a building.Glancing through the situation of the fire,he made his way through the crowd without panic,and went into the burning building.He risked his own life to save five children varying from 5 to 15 trapped in the fire. Ⅰ.七选五 The Internet and You The Internet has changed the ways people communicate,work,shop and learn. 1 Share 2 Post all your pictures on Flickr and as many videos as you like on YouTube.These and many other sites provide an almost unlimited amount of storage space.Additionally,after you upload something to one site,you can often post it to another,like your blog.With pictures and videos,your blog can become a multimedia record of your experience! 3 Label your posts with keywords that describe what you have uploaded.When you need to find something later,simply type those words into the search field.The correct post will come right up! Work together New Internet tools help you work with others better.Wikis are websites that can be edited by many people at the same time.For example,Wikipedia is an online wiki encyclopedia that everybody can add to or edit. Wikis help people work together more efficiently on projects.Users communicate in one common place rather than sending emails back and forth. 4 For example,coworkers at different offices can use one to work on a project together.Some people even use wikis to plan their wedding! 5 Start trying out these new tools,and discover all the things you can do on the Internet. A.There are many different ways in which wikis have users edit the content. B.On the Internet,you can publish your thoughts,experiences,pictures and videos. C.The latest Internet technology gives you even more ways to share and work with others. D.Keywords help keep blog posts,pictures and videos organized. E.Many companies,schools and individuals find wikis useful. F.New Internet technology lets you have an even greater online experience. G.Websites like del.icio.us even use keywords to help you organize your favorite websites. 答案 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.E 5.F Ⅱ.完形填空 After 21 years of marriage,my wife wanted me to take another woman out to dinner.The other woman that my wife wanted me to visit was my 6 ,who has been a widow for 19 years,but my work had made 7 impossible to visit her often.That night I called to 8 her to go out for dinner.“What’s wrong,are you 9 ?” she asked.“I thought that it would be 10 to spend some time with you,just the two of us,” I answered.She thought about it 11 ,and then agreed. That Friday after work, 12 I drove to pick her up I was a bit nervous.When I arrived at her house,I _13 that she,too,seemed to be 14 about our date.She had curled her hair and was wearing the dress that she had worn to 15 her last wedding anniversary. We went to a restaurant that, 16 not the best,was very nice and comfortable.When I read the menu,I lifted my eyes and saw Mom sitting there 17 at me.A nostalgic smile was 18 her lips.During the dinner,we had a 19 conversation—nothing special but catching up on recent events of each other’s life. A few days 20 ,my mother died of a sudden heart attack.It happened so suddenly that I didn’t have a chance to do 21 for her.Some time later,I received an envelope with a note 22 :“You will never know what that night meant for me.I’m looking forward to the 23 dinner.I love you,son.” At that moment,I understood the importance of saying in time:“I love you”.Nothing in life is more important than your 24 .Given them the time they deserve,because these things cannot be 25 till “some other time”. 6.A.mother B.aunt C.lover D.daughter 答案 A 解析 由第三段第二句中“...I lifted my eyes and saw Mom sitting there...” 可知,这是我的母亲。 7.A.that B.this C.which D.it 答案 D 解析 这里代词代替后面的动词不定式to visit her often 作形式宾语,要用it。 8.A.force B.invite C.order D.advise 答案 B 解析 由上下文可知,作者邀请母亲吃饭。invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事。 9.A.happy B.mad C.well D.ill 答案 C 解析 由前文“impossible to visit her often” 可知我不常去看母亲,所以母亲奇怪,会问你还好吗。 10.A.pleasant B.pleased C.glad D.surprising 答案 A 解析 pleased 和glad 是用来描述人的情绪的。这里主语是事情,所以用pleasant。 11.A.at the moment B.for a moment C.in a moment D.for the moment 答案 B 解析 for a moment片刻,一会;at the moment此刻;in a moment立刻,立即;for the moment 暂时,目前。 12.A.after B.until C.as D.since 答案 C 解析 由下句“when I arrived at her house”可知,我在接母亲的路上,用as“当……时候”。 13.A.noticed B.observed C.watched D.heard 答案 A 解析 根据下文对母亲的穿着的描述,可以看到此处表示“注意到”母亲的变化。 14.A.pleased B.calm C.nervous D.easy 答案 C 解析 由too 看出,母亲也紧张。 15.A.congratulate B.celebrate C.memorize D.honor 答案 B 解析 celebrate 庆祝,与anniversary搭配,符合句意。 16.A.though B.even C.but D.yet 答案 A 解析 句意为:这家饭店不是最好的,但是却非常漂亮舒适。 but 和yet 虽然也是表示转折,但是应该用于后面的分句里。 17.A.glaring B.watching C.glancing D.staring 答案 D 解析 stare at凝视。 18.A.in B.above C.on D.beyond 答案 C 解析 在嘴唇上,脸上,用on。 19.A.pleasant B.curious C.deep D.short 答案 A 解析 从后文的“nothing special but catching up on recent events of each other’s life”可以看出这次谈话并不深入,但是是令人愉快的。 20.A.after B.before C.later D.ago 答案 C 解析 从下文的“You will never know what that night meant for me.” 可以知道母亲的死应该在约会之后。 21.A.anything B.everything C.nothing D.something 答案 A 解析 not...anything = nothing。 22.A.written B.saying C.telling D.read 答案 B 解析 say表示信上写着什么内容,note 和say 之间是主动关系。故用say的现在分词形式表主动。 23.A.first B.second C.last D.next 答案 D 解析 这顿饭刚结束,自然是盼望着下一顿。 24.A.date B.mother C.family D.dinner 答案 C 解析 由后面的them 可以看出, 这里应该选family“家人”。 25.A.put over B.put off C.cut off D.picked up 答案 B 解析 put off推迟,符合语境。put over驶过,耽搁, 做成;cut off 切断;pick up捡起,拾起,用车去接,接受信号。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Nowadays more and more 26.traditional(tradition) businessmen feel worried that growing ecommerce will decrease their share of the market. According to 27.a survey,90% of some people’s purchases 28.are_made(make) on the computer.As they find that by being able to go online and choose the things that they need to choose,and have them delivered right to their doorsteps,they can 29.no longer be bothered with driving,the crowds,the noise of that,and they usually get a 30.better(good) selection.But sometimes they are cheated only 31.to_get(get) the things they don’t want. Cornell University Marketing Professor,MeLaughlin says traditional stores can keep their customers by offering goods like clothing,32.which customers may want to see and try 33.on before purchasing,as well as items that are difficult to transport.He says some traditional stores are also pleasing customers with services such as setting up or repair computers and other electronic 34.equipment(equip). As more and more people have Internet access and smart phones,online commerce is likely to continue its 35.growth(grow) here in the United States and in other countries. Ⅳ.短文改错 My hobby is collecting stamps.I had stamps from many countries,like England,Canada,China and the other countries.Yesterday,one of my favorite stamp was lost,this made me really upset.I looked for it anywhere and asked everybody in the room,but still I couldn’t find them.“Where could it have gone?” I thought to myself,“Maybe I should tell my teacher.” With my eyes filling with tears,I came in Mr.Li’s office.“Don’t be so worrying!” Mr.Li told me with a smile,“You must put it somewhere else.I am sure it will turn up soon.” 答案 My hobby is collecting stamps.I stamps from many countries,like England,Canada,China and the other countries.Yesterday,one of my favorite was lost, made me really upset.I looked for it and asked everybody in the room,but still I couldn’t find .“Where could it have gone?” I thought to myself,“Maybe I should tell my teacher.” With my eyes with tears,I came Mr.Li’s office.“Don’t be so !” Mr.Li told me with a smile,“You must put it somewhere else.I am sure it will turn up soon.” Ⅴ.书面表达 最近,某科技公司推出一款新型手机,请你根据下表提示,为该款手机写一篇英文广告。 品名 Smart Mobile Phone 8 用途 除了具备手机的一般功能外,还具备一般便携式电脑的功能,支持4G、WiFi等上网模式。 特点 体积小,重量轻,易携带,价格合理,适合移动办公人士使用。 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 参考范文 Smart Life from Our Smart Mobile Phone 8 It stands out among all the other smart mobile phones that are on sale now and will make your life smarter in an allaround way! Besides the general functions as a handset,it also serves as a laptop,with which you can surf the Internet wherever you are by using the 4G or WiFi model.It is so smart that it is ideal for office workers who are always on the go. It is small in size and light in weight,so you’ll feel it very convenient and easy to carry.What’s more,it is a highquality product sold at a reasonable price.查看更多