高考英语阅读理解一轮练5含解析

高考英语阅读理解一轮练5含解析

‎2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练（5）‎ 李仕才 A Nowadays, especially in China, everything seems to favor social intercourse, such as gatherings of friends, KTV, group travel, dining tighter, playing cards and Mahjong, plus the Chinese-style “street-crossing group.” Back home, discussions can still be boisterously carried on within the “circle of friends” of WeChat.‎ However, these scenes cannot always ease a sense of loneliness. Zhu Ziqing, a well-known professor of Tsinghua‎ ‎University, signed with emotion: “My loneliness increases as scene becomes much busier.” One popular song today is also called “A lonely man in crowds.” Actually, engaging in social intercourse requires ability, while being alone involves the whole character.‎ These days, it is not easy to calm down totally and return to one’s true self. Willpower, intellect and discipline are required. Einstein said: “It is not your working time but your spare time that determines the possibility of whether you will be successful or not.” The “spare time” he referred to could be taken as “spending time by yourself.”‎ Lonely life could be either dull, boring and tasteless or abundant, interesting and colorful, depending on one’s quality, ambition and inspiration.‎ Just as the body constantly requires energy, the mind and soul also demand unceasing inputs. However, information, to processed and integrated(融入)into knowledge, thoughts and feelings, instead of bustle(忙碌)seems to be the right condition. Successful careers in all walks of life worldwide have proved that “the soul grows in peace and talent is nurtured in loneliness”. In a sense, it may be reasonable to say that “Happiness tends to be shallow while loneliness involves profundity”.‎ Man, in fact, needs loneliness more than happy time, and only abundant loneliness can produce quality happiness.‎ ‎1.Which of the following can replace the underlined the word “boisterously” in paragraph 1?‎ A. surprisingly B. sadly ‎ C. busily D. peacefully ‎2.What can we infer from the second paragraph?‎ A. Being alone marks people depressed.‎ B. Social intercourse improves our happiness.‎ C. One may feel lonely even when surrounded by people D. We should attend social intercourse to decrease our loneliness.‎ ‎3.What can we know from Einstein’s words?‎ A. You should be successful if you spend all your time by yourself.‎ B. You should exercise more if you want to keep your minds healthy.‎ C. You will not become successful if you join in more social intercourse.‎ D. You will be more successful if you can make your lonely time meaningful.‎ ‎4.Which may be the best title for this passage?‎ A. Live On Your Own ‎ B. Happiness and Loneliness C. The secret of success ‎ D. Practice Your Social Ability ‎【文章大意】这是一篇议论文，讲述了幸福和孤独之间的关系。作者认为幸福是肤浅的，孤独是深刻的。人比快乐更需要孤独，只有丰富的孤独才能产生幸福。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据后面的“One popular song today is also called “A lonely man in crowds.” Actually, engaging in social intercourse requires ability, while being alone involves the whole character.”可知，即便是周围有人，之间忙碌于各种场合并不能总能缓解孤独感。故选C。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】推理判断题。爱伊斯坦的话说“不是你的工作时间，而是你的业余时间决定了你是否会成功”，所以可知，只有把业余时间或者说独自度过时光过得更加充实和有意义才会成功。故选D。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。这是一篇议论文，讲述了幸福和孤独之间的关系。故选B。‎ B ‎(2015·云南昆明三中高三诊断)‎ It’s a safe bet that a robot made your car and your computer.Pretty soon，they could be making your bed and breakfast too.‎ Increasingly，engineers are saying that robots are going to move out of research departments and into your home.Companies including Sony and General Electric are working on designs for small robots.Products like the Roomba，a robot that can clean floors，are flying off the shelves.‎ What’s behind this new robot revolution? It’s partly a matter of technology.Devices that can recognize and respond to a human voice have been developed so people can find robots with such function in the market.There are now a few different ways for robots to move around.They can walk，crawl(爬行) or ride on wheels.Robots are being made smaller and smaller.They are also becoming more and more energyefficient.‎ A bigger part of the story is on the demand side.From the day the television remote control was invented，people around the world have searched for new ways to be lazy.Take into consideration that more and more people can afford robots，and the time seems ripe to introduce robots to the average family.‎ ‎ To be sure，robots that walk on two legs and talk like people are still a long way off.However，robots that do basic housework such as cleaning or gardening are sure to come out soon.One thing is certain—when these robots do come into our homes，it will change things forever.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人的最新发展动态。‎ ‎1．What is already on sale according to the passage?‎ A．A robot that can make your bed.‎ B．A robot that can do gardening.‎ C．A robot that can walk on two legs and talk like people.‎ D．A robot that can recognize and respond to a human voice.‎ 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可排除A项；根据最后一段第一、二句可排除B、C两项；根据第三段中的“Devices that can recognize and respond to a human voice have been developed...in the market.”可知D项正确。‎ ‎2．What does the 4th paragraph mainly talk about?‎ A．The public will be particular about robots.‎ B．It is too early for robots to be sold to ordinary families.‎ C．Right now robots are too expensive for ordinary families.‎ D．The demand also contributes to the new robot revolution.‎ 解析：选D。段落大意题。根据文章第四段的内容可知，该段主要介绍的是消费者的购买力和需求对机器人发展的推动作用。故选D。‎ ‎3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?‎ 解析：选B。文章结构题。第一段引入话题；第二段介绍了机器人的发展趋势；第三、四段分别从科技的角度和消费者的需求和购买力的角度分析了机器人变革的幕后因素；最后一段则侧重于作者的预测。‎ C Up to 45 rare species of Australian animals are in danger of becoming extinct within ‎ 20 years, scientists warned in a report. But hope is not lost! According to the report, the species can be saved if immediate action is taken to control their natural predators (天敌) and other threats.‎ The threatened animals can be found in the faraway Kimberley region of northwestern Australia. The region is similar in square miles to California. Thirty percent of the endangered species are unique to the region, while others have already disappeared in other parts of Australia.‎ Dr. Tara Martin, a research scientist said in the report, “A large extinction event is happening in Australia. The north has really been the last stronghold (主要栖息地) for many species of birds and mammals and reptiles. The Kimberley is really their last chance on earth.”‎ Many of the species are under threat because they are hunted by wild cats. These cats kill around 500 000 native animals in the Kimberley region every day. The species face another threat, too. Their native habitat is also being destroyed by wildfires and by wild donkeys and goats that compete for food and water. Humans introduced cats, donkeys and goats to Australia to be farm animals or pets. However, their populations have exploded in the region because they have few natural predators.‎ The report calls for $ 95 million to immediately start protection programs. The report also suggests reducing wild donkey and goat populations in the region, building fences, fighting wildfires and educating the community about how to help the endangered species. Richard Hobbs, an ecologist at the University‎ of ‎Western Australia, says the costs are worthwhile because the measures will not be too difficult to carry out.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇调查报告。在澳大利亚有多达45种稀有动物在接下来的二十年里将会灭绝。报告主要讲述了这些物种所面临的危险并提出了保护它们应该采取的一些措施。‎ ‎1．Which of the following should be done to protect the rare species of Australian animals?‎ A．Providing new habitat for them.‎ B．Supplying more food and water to them.‎ C．Getting rid of the dangers to them.‎ D．Leading them to the north of Australia for a better life.‎ 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中“the species can be saved... to control their natural predators (天敌) and other treats”可知，我们人类应当立即帮助这些珍稀物种去除威胁它们生存的因素。故C项正确。‎ ‎2．Paragraphs 23 mainly tell us ________.‎ A．where the threatened animals can be found B．how worrying the situation of the rare animals is C．the Kimberley is the home of many rare species D．the Kimberley is a safe place for animals to live 答案：B　段落大意题。根据第二段最后一句“... while others have already disappeared in other parts of Australia.”和第三段最后一句“The Kimberley is really their last chance on earth.”可知，文章此处告诉我们稀有动物的处境是多么危险。故B项正确。‎ ‎3．The article may appear in a magazine on ________.‎ A．animals B．geography C．chemistry D．history 答案：A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一些地方动物的危险处境，所以最有可能出现在杂志中的动物栏中。故A项正确。‎ D According to a new US study，couples who expect their children to look after them in old age should hope they have daughters because daughters are twice as attentive as sons overall.‎ ‎ The research by Angelina Grigoryeva，from Princeton University，found that，while women provide as much care for their elderly parents as they can manage，men do as little as they can get away with and often leave it to female family members.‎ Her analysis of the family networks of 26,000 old Americans concluded that gender(性别) is one of the most important things that decide whether or not people will actively care for their elderly parents.‎ ‎ In a paper presented at the annual conference of the American Sociological Association in San Francisco，she concludes that simply having a sister makes men likely provide less care.‎ ‎ Using data from the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study，a study which has been tracking a crosssection of over50s for the last decade，she calculated that women provide an average of 12.3 hours a month of care for elderly parents while ‎ men offer only 5.6 hours.‎ ‎ “Sons reduce their relative caregiving efforts when they have a sister，while daughters increase theirs when they have a brother.”‎ ‎ “This suggests that sons pass on parent caregiving responsibilities to their sisters.”‎ ‎ In the UK，the 2011 Census showed that there are now around 6.5 million people with caring responsibilities，a figure which has risen by a tenth in a decade.‎ ‎ But many are doing so at the risk of their health.The census showed that those who provide 50 hours or more of care a week while trying to hold down a fulltime job are three times more likely to be struggling with ill health than their working counterparts who are not carers.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在照顾年迈的父母方面，性别差异影响着子女照顾父母时间的长短。其中，女儿比儿子更愿意付出时间照料年迈的父母。家中有姐妹的男士常常将照看老人的责任推给其姐妹。但是很多承担照顾老人的责任的子女自身都有潜在的健康问题。‎ ‎1．According to the passage，what’s the most important factor to predict if people will actively care for the elderly?‎ A．Education.　　　　　　　 B．Gender.‎ C．Career. D．Income.‎ 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...concluded that gender(性别) is one of the most important things that decide whether or not people will actively care for their elderly parents.”可知，预测人们是否会主动照顾老年人的最主要因素是性别。故选B。‎ ‎2．The US study finds that ________.‎ ‎ A．having a sister makes men less likely to look after their parents B．sons are twice as likely as daughters to care for parents in old age ‎ C．sons and daughters seem to give equal care to their parents D．sons are unwilling to leave caregiving responsibilities to their sisters 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段“In a paper...in San Francisco，she concludes that simply having a sister makes men likely provide less care.”可知，美国社会学家Angelina Grigoryeva得出结论，家中有姐妹的男士对父母的照顾可能会更少，与A项内容一致。故A项正确。‎ ‎3．What does the author stress in the last paragraph?‎ ‎ A．People should give up their job to care for the elderly.‎ B．Many care providers work longer hours than others.‎ ‎ C．Many care providers have potential health problems.‎ D．People shouldn’t pass on caring responsibilities to others.‎ 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段主题句“But many are doing so at the risk of their health.”及下文可知，在最后一段作者着重指出很多护理提供者都有潜在的健康问题。故选C。‎ ‎4．The author develops the text by ________.‎ ‎ A．explaining social networks of careers B．describing people’s experiences ‎ C．comparing different gender behavior D．analyzing various researches and data 解析：选D。写作手法题。通读全文可知，作者在第三、五、八段给出了研究的数据，接着在相应数据段落的下一段分析得出结论。由此可推知，这篇文章是以分析各种研究和数据得出相关结论的写作手法展开的。故选D。‎ E At the end of Grade 8,our class went to Washington‎ ‎D.C.‎.For a group of 14-year-olds,this was a big deal!‎ The first day was so tiring;we could hardly remember where we were and what we ‎ were seeing.The next morning,we were off to see monuments(纪念碑),starting with Washington,Lincoln and Jefferson.We walked along the paths through trees.Then the Wall came into view—the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.‎ As I inched closer to the Wall,I heard a bagpipe(风笛) in the distance,which seemed to show respect to the lives lost in the jungles of Vietnam.‎ We continued walking and felt surprised at the number of names carved in the black stone.I was determined to find a soldier with my last name,but my hunt was stopped when a man caught my eyes.He was kneeling(跪着) at the Wall,a single rose at his feet.His head was bowed and he was rubbing his fingers over one name.I thought how sad he was,and then moved on.‎ After a few minutes I found one with my last name,but my eyes returned to the kneeling man.He was still rubbing his fingers over the same name.He never knew I was watching him,lost in deep sorrow.It was time for me to leave the kneeling man and the Wall.On the way home,I couldn’t help thinking of the kneeling man and his sad face.I wasn’t sure of the effects of war before,but at that moment I realised how much that man suffered from losing his loved one.Maybe he was only one of so many families who experienced the same.‎ I never knew the full effects of war until I saw that man.I only know about war from history classes.The kneeling man taught me more about war and the effects it has on people than any history book.‎ ‎1.Which of the following makes the author feel the suffering that war brings to human beings?‎ A.The kneeling man.‎ B.The sound of a bagpipe.‎ C.The number of names carved in the stone.‎ D.The jungles of Vietnam.‎ 答案:A 解析:细节理解题。由第四段的“...butmyhuntwasstoppedwhenamancaughtmyeyes.HewaskneelingattheWall...”和最后一段的“IneverknewthefulleffectsofwaruntilIsawthatman.”可知A项正确。‎ ‎2.The man continued to rub his fingers over the name probably because 　　　. ‎ A.he found it covered with dust B.he missed the loved one who died in a war C.he intended to remove it completely D.he recalled the fierce war he fought in 答案:B 解析:推理判断题。由第五段的“Hewasstillrubbinghisfingersoverthesamename.”及“...Irealisedhowmuchthatmansufferedfromlosinghislovedone.”可推知,他在那里不停地用手抚摸着纪念碑上的名字,可能是因为他深深思念着在战争中死去的亲人。‎ ‎3.What did the author learn from the trip?‎ A.How fierce war is in history.‎ B.How people remember those who died in wars.‎ C.What bad effects war had on many families.‎ D.What we should do to prevent war.‎ 答案:C 解析:推理判断题。由倒数第二段的“Iwasn’tsureoftheeffectsofwarbefore,butatthatmomentIrealisedhowmuchthatmansufferedfromlosinghislovedone.Maybehewasonlyoneofsomanyfamilieswhoexperiencedthesame.”可推知,在这次参观中,作者从这个在纪念碑前跪着的人身上,感受到战争给人们带来的巨大影响。‎ ‎4.According to the last paragraph,the author probably thinks that 　　　. ‎ A.he should have studied history hard in class B.history books don’t tell readers the truth C.there is more in history than books tell us D.the kneeling man should be a history teacher 答案:C 解析:推理判断题。从文章最后一句话可推知,C项是作者认同的观点。‎