高考英语作文高分突破迅速提分秘笈

高考英语作文高分突破迅速提分秘笈

高考英语作文完美炮制法 紧扣高考英语作文评分标准 ‎ ‎　　高考作文采用总体评分方式，集中在以下四方面：‎ ‎　　－覆盖了题目提出的所有内容要点和要求；‎ ‎　　－应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，内容比较丰富；‎ ‎　　－在使用复杂结构或高级词汇时允许有些许错误；‎ ‎　　－有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，全文结构紧凑流畅。 ‎ ‎　　●完美行文四步骤 ‎　　STEP1：确定文章框架，包括：时态、语态、格式、展开方式、开头结尾等。‎ ‎　　STEP2：确定内容要点，包括：主要人物、时间地点、重要细节、合理发挥等。‎ ‎　　STEP3：正式开始写作，整理思路成篇，行文连贯。‎ STEP4：检查修改粗心犯下的错误.‎ 写作技巧汇总 ‎（一）掌握技巧： ‎ ‎　　（1）注意篇章结构，合理布局 ‎　　开始部分（opening paragraph）——说出文中的要点、核心问题。‎ ‎　　正文部分（Body paragraphs）——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。 ‎ ‎　　结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）——对全文的总结和概括。‎ ‎　　要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容。 详细可参考ESL资源网站 http://www.ESLbay.com 里的writing部分。‎ ‎　　（2）确定主题句 ‎　　主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。‎ ‎　　写主题句应注意：‎ ‎　　①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点 ‎　　②提炼出一句具有概括性的话 ‎　　③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。‎ ‎（二）巧用连接词 ‎　　要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词 ‎　　表示罗列增加 ‎　First, second, third, First, then / next, after that / next, finally ‎　For one thing … for another…,‎ ‎　On (the) one hand…on the other hand,‎ ‎　Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,‎ ‎　Especially / In particular,‎ ‎　　表示时间顺序 ‎　now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with,‎ later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment, form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,‎ ‎　　表示解释说明 now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, in fact, actually ‎　　表示转折关系 ‎　　but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,‎ ‎　　表示并列关系 ‎　　or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither　　…nor ‎　　表示因果关系 ‎　　because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that ‎　　表示条件关系 ‎　　as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless ‎　　表示让步关系 ‎　　though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)‎ ‎　　表示举例 ‎　　for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example ‎　　表示比较 ‎　　be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as,‎ ‎　　表示目的 ‎　　for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,‎ ‎　　表示强调 ‎　　in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,‎ ‎　　表示概括归纳 ‎　　in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in 　　summary, in conclusion ‎　‎ ‎（三）掌握常用句型： ‎ ‎　　台湾英语资源网 http://www.esl.tw 里面有很多，下面只列举常用的 ‎　　1. in order to　　‎ 为了实现他的梦想，他学习非常努力。He worked very hard in order to realize his dream ‎　　2. in order that ‎　　她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备就绪。She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 o’clock..‎ ‎　　3. so…that ‎　　他们太累了，除了伸懒腰什么都做不了了。 They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.‎ ‎　　4. such…that ‎　　天气非常冷，以致于街上一个人都没有。　It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.‎ ‎　　5. would rather do…than do ‎　　他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。　　He would rather listen to others than talk himself.‎ ‎　　6. prefer doing to doing ‎　　他宁愿在精心准备后去做报告。　　He prefers making speeches after careful preparation.‎ ‎　　7. prefer to do…rather than do ‎　　比起女人，男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿花那么多时间来购物。‎ ‎　　Compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping.‎ ‎8. not only…but also 　　‎ 在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程，而且还获得了博士学位。‎ ‎　　In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received her doctor’s degree.‎ ‎　　9. either…or ‎　　如果考试过关，你可以买一个MP3或去云南玩一趟。‎ ‎　　You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.‎ ‎　　10. Neither…nor ‎　　他是一个无聊的人，既不爱娱乐，也不爱读书。　He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading.‎ ‎　　11. as well as ‎　　他善良又乐于助人。　　He was kind as well as helpful.‎ ‎　　12. …as well ‎　　这个小孩活泼又可爱。 The child is active and funny as well.‎ ‎　　13. One…the other ‎　　你看见桌子上有两只笔吗？一支是红色的，另一支是黑色的。‎ ‎　　Have you seen two pens on the desk? One is red, the other is black.‎ ‎　　14. Some…others ‎　　每个人都很忙，有些在读书，有些在写作。　Everyone is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing.‎ ‎　　15. make…+adj /n ‎　　我们所做的可以让世界更美丽。　　What we do will make the world more beautiful.‎ ‎　　16. not…until ‎　　直到他告诉我发生的事，我才了解真相。　　I didn’t know the truth until she told me what happened.‎ ‎　　‎ ‎17. as if ‎　　他夸夸其谈好像什么事都知道。　　He talks a lot as if he knows everything.‎ ‎　　18. It is no use (good) doing…‎ ‎　　假装不懂规则是行不通的。　　It’s no use pretending that you didn’t know the rules.‎ ‎　　19. find it + adj to do…‎ ‎　　我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。　　I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.‎ ‎　　20. It is + time since…‎ ‎　　我已经有两年没见他了。　　It is two years since I last met him.‎ ‎　　21. It is + time when…‎ ‎　　我到电影院时已经八点钟了。　　It was 8 o’clock when I got to the cinema.‎ ‎　　22. It is + time before…‎ ‎　　不久我们就会再见面的。　　I won’t be long before we can meet again.‎ ‎　　23. It is…that…‎ ‎　　我最珍视的是友谊。　　It is friendship that I value most.‎ ‎　　24. It is + n / adj + that / to do…‎ ‎　　每个人都必须懂得如何使用计算机 It is a must that everybody should know how to use computers.‎ 核心句型 ‎1． 开头 ‎1. The arguer may be right about …, but he seems to neglect (fail) to mention (take into account) that fact that… 2. As opposed to (Contrary to) widely (commonly/generally) held (accepted) belief (ideas/views), I believe (argue that… 3. Although many people believe that …, I doubt (wonder) whether the argument bears much analysis (close examination). 4. The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from (carry more weight than those of / are much greater than) A. 5. Although it is commonly (widely / generally) held (felt / accepted / agreed) that …, it is unlikely to be true that… 6. There is an element of truth in this argument (statement), but it ignores a deeper and more basic (important / essential) fact (reason) that… 7. It is true that (True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,)…, but this is not to say (it is unlikely / it doesn’t follow / it doesn’t mean / it won’t be the case) that… 8. The main (obvious / great) problem (flaw / drawback) with (in) this argument (view / remark) is that it is ignorant of (blind to) the basic (bare) fact that … 9. It would be possible (natural / reasonable) to think (believe / take the view) that…, but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that … 10. In all the discussion and debate over…, one important (basic) fact is generally overlooked (neglected). 11. There is absolutely (in fact) no (every) reason for us to believe (accept / resist / reject) that… 12. Logical (Valid / Sound) as this argument and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant (absurd) when … is taken into consideration (account). 13. To assume (suggest) that … is far from being proved (to miss the point). 14. A close (careful) inspection (examination / scrutiny) of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless / fallacious) it is. 15. On the surface (At first thought), it (this) may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), but careful weighing on the mind (on closer analysis / on second thought), we find that… 16. Too much emphasis placed on (attention paid to / importance attached to) … may obscure (overlook / neglect) other facts… 17. The danger (problem / fact / truth / point) is that… 18. What the arguer fails to understand (consider /mention) is that… 19. We don’t have to look very far to see (find out) the truth (validity) of this argument (proposition). 20. However just (logical / sound / valid) this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem. 2． 正文 ‎ ‎ 1. Although the popular belief is that…, a current (new / recent) study (survey / poll / investigation) indicates (shows / demonstrates) that… 2. Common sense tells us that… 3. The increase (change / failure / success) in… mainly (largely / partly) results from (arises from / is because of)… 4. The increase (change / failure /success) in … is due to (owing to / attributable to) the fact that… 5. Many people would claim that… 6. One may attribute (ascribe / owe) the increase (decrease / change) to …, but … is not by itself an adequate explanation. 7. One of the reasons given for … is that… 8. What is also worth noticing is that… 9. There are many (different / several / a number of / a variety of) causes (reasons) for this dramatic (marked / significant) growth (change /decline / increase) in .. First,… Second,… Finally,… 10. There is no evidence to suggest that… ‎ ‎11. Why are (is / do / did) …? For one thing, … For another, … 12. Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that… 13. It gives rise to (lead to / bring / create) a host of problems (consequences). 14. There are numerous reasons why …, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones. 15. It will exert (have / produce) profound (far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable / undesirable / disastrous) effect (influence) on… 16. A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to / lead to / result in / influence) the change (increase / decrease / success/ failure / development) in… 17. In 1999, it increased (rose / jumped / shot up) from 5 to 10 percent of the total (to 15 percent / by 15 percent). 18. By comparison with 1998, it decreased (dropped / fell) from 10 to 5 percent (to 15 percent / by 15 percent). 19. It account for 15 percent of the total. 20. There were 100 traffic accidents in April, and increase of 5 percent in a five-month period. ‎ ‎21. By 1999, only (less than / more than / almost / about / over / as many as) three quarters (40 percent of / one out of five / one in four) college population (graduates / housewives) as against (as compared with) last year (1998) preferred to (liked)… 3． 结尾 1. From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors / Judging from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion that… 2. All the evidence (analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a(n) unshakable (unmistakable / sound / just) conclusion that … 3. It is high time that we place (lay / put) great ( special / considerable) emphasis on the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of… 4. It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable) situation (tendency / phenomenon) of… 5. We must look (search / all / cry) for an immediate action (method / measure), because the present (current) situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of …, if permitted (allowed) to continue (proceed), will surely (certainly) lead to (result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of… ‎ ‎ 6. There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution ( approach / answer / remedy) to the problem of …, but … might be useful (helpful / beneficial). 7. No easy method (solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve (resolve / tackle) the problem of …, but the common (general / public) recognition of (realization of / awareness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance / significance) of … might be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the right direction). 8. Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to)…, but the pay-off will be worth the effort. 9. Obviously (Clearly / No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is every chance that… 10. Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to)…, it is very likely (the chances are good) that… ‎ ‎11. There is little doubt (no denying) that serous (special / adequate / immediate /further) attention must be called (paid / devoted) to the problem of … 12. It is necessary (essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps /measures / remedies) should be taken to prevent (correct / check / end / fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon). 13. It is hoped (suggested / recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate) efforts should be make to control (check / halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of … 14. It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving)… 15. It remains to be seen whether…, but the prospect (outlook) is not quite encouraging (that rosy). 16. Anyhow, wider (more) education (publicity) should be given to the possible (potential / grave / serious / pernicious) consequences (effects) of… 17. To reverse (check / control) the trend (tendency) is not a light task (an easy job), and it requires (demands / involves / entails) a different state of main towards (attitude towards / outlook on)… 18. For these reasons, I strongly recommend that… 19. For the reasons given above, I feel that…‎ 英语议论文的语言特点 由于与其他文体相比，英语议论文类似英语说明文，因此，它具有英语说明文的一些语言特点，比如：时态较统一，多用现在时；强调语言表达的客观性；尽可能指明信息来源等等。但作为一种独立的文体，英语议论文在语言上也有一些自己特有的表达形式：‎ ‎　　1.较多使用表达委婉语气的词语和句子 ‎　　与英语说明文相比，英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点，而且还要让读者接受自己的观点，因此，在词语表达上除了客观之外，还必须注意委婉。在英语中，常用虚拟语气，让步状语从句和情态动词can，could，may，might，would，should等。请看下面两组有关“面试在招生过程中的重要性”的文字：‎ ‎　　（1）No one should be admitted into（招收进）college without a personal interview（面试）.What can admissions people（招生人员）tell from a piece of paper？They can tell nothing.Only when they see a student face to face，can they decide what kind of a person he is.‎ ‎　　（2）Though admissions people can learn some things from a piece of paper，such as how well a person writes and what he is interested  in，there  may  be  many  other  things that  an  application （申请表）can not tell but can only be seen in a personal interview.The way a person talks，the way he thinks about and answers questions，the  way  he ‎ ‎ reacts（反应），are  all  important  facts  of  a person which can not be found on a piece of paper.‎ ‎　　两段文字都强调“大学生入学必须面试”，但相比之下，例（2）用了情态动词，though引导的让步状语从句等表达方式，语气较为委婉，更容易为读者所接受。‎ ‎　　2.使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等词语结构 ‎　　英语议论文讲究辩论推理的条理性和逻辑性，因此，往往较多地使用这类性质的过渡词和连接词，常用的包括：since （既然），now that（既然）， therefore（因而），consequently（因此），accordingly（因此），hence（因而），in that case（在那种情况下），because（因为），so（所以）。另外，还有些句型也常出现在英语议论文中，比如： It follows that…（因而……），If…，we may conclude that…（如果……，我们可以这样下结论……）， Should it be the case（如果是这样的话……），Idon't want to…，but…（我并不想……，但是……）， If you admit…，then…（如果你承认……，那么……），It is true that…，but…（诚然……，但是……），  Even  if…（即使……）等。‎ ‎　　下面的作文较好地使用了上述这些英语议论文常用的连接词和过渡词等词语结构，从而使文章的辩论和推理条理清晰，富有说服力：‎ Some people say that they will not give up smoking because they have the right to do what they want to do since smoking is not against the law. Yes，it's true that smoking does not violate（违反）the law and therefore they can do as they like，but what is equally true is that they have to be responsible for what they do at the same time. Now I don't want to bring fears to anyone，but here are some statistics（统计数字）I've just got from newspaper：Over seventy percent of the people who died of lung cancer were  heavy smokers. More  than  thirty-five  percent  deformed（畸形的）babies have smoking mothers. Even if those chain smokers（一支接一支抽烟者）are not afraid for themselves，shouldn't they be afraid for their family members if they have got any？‎ 英语写作中的修辞 修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。但在大学英语的英文写作中有时也需要运用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且运用得好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。因此，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。对于大学英语写作来说，主要应该掌握以下修辞手段，又称语句辞格，包括结构辞格与语义辞格。对比、排比、重复、倒装等为结构辞格，转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。‎ ‎　　1.对比 正反对比就是要巧妙地运用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思，因此恰当地运用反义词语往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来加强语句，实现语句的亮点。‎ ‎　　1）“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”：‎ ‎　Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods，but ragged in spirit.（注：句中rich in与ragged in，goods与spirit具有正反对比的关系和效果。）‎ ‎　　2）“利远远大于弊”：‎ ‎　The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.（注：句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。）‎ ‎　　3）“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”：‎ ‎　　They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements，but have ignored a more important fact.（注：句中have noticed与have ignored，a grain of truth in the statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效果。）‎ ‎　　4）“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”：‎ ‎　　It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.（注：句中negative与positive具有正反对比的关系和效果）‎ ‎　　5）“我们既有与我们很为相似的朋友，又有与我们很为不同的朋友”：‎ ‎　　We have friends similar to us and friends different from us.（注：句中similar to与different from具有正反对比的关系和效果）‎ ‎2.排比 这种句式整齐而有气势，又不会使人感到单调。‎ ‎“读书使我们聪明，锻炼使我们强健”：‎ ‎　　Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong. 3.重复英文一般讲求简洁，因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。英文的重复又根据被重复词语在语句中的位置分为句首重复、句尾重复、首尾重复、尾首重复等。‎ ‎　　1）“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”：‎ ‎　　Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.（注：此句为句首重复，重复部分为句首的now it the time to）‎ ‎　　2）“我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工作”：‎ ‎　　We long for success and we are working hard for success.（注：此句为句尾重复，重复的部分为句尾的for success.）‎ ‎　　3）“我相信我们能够成功，我相信我们也一定会成功”：‎ ‎　　I am convinced that we can succeed，and Iam convinced that we must succeed.（注：and所连接的两个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复，重复的部分为句首的I am convinced that与句尾的succeed）‎ ‎　　4）“我们现在生活在一个新的时代，而一个改革充满着风险与机遇”：‎ ‎　　We are now living in a new era，and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.（注：and之前的句尾与and之后的句首重复，重复部分为a new era.）‎ ‎4.倒装 这里的倒装不同于前述非修辞性的语法结构倒装。非修辞性的语法结构倒装是语句的语法结构所限定的，没有自由选择的余地，只要运用需要倒装结构的句型就要采用倒装结构。这里所说的倒装是指修辞性语义结构倒装，是进行强调的一种手段，它利用了语句句首（或句尾）的特殊位置。‎ ‎“充满着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来”：‎ Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances. ‎ ‎5.转义 转义是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段，主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等，比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。‎ ‎　　1）“过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑海中萦绕”：‎ ‎　　What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture.（注：此句采用明喻，明喻的特点是使用了like一词）‎ ‎　　2）“我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英语辞典”：‎ ‎　　Our English teacher is our best English dictionary.（注：此句采用暗喻，暗喻的特点是利用事物之间的相似之处进行比喻，与明喻不同之处在于不使用like一词）‎ ‎　　3）“我正在读莎土比亚的书呢”：‎ ‎　　I am reading Shakespeare.（注：此句采用换喻，换喻的特点是直接借用一事物的名称宋代替另一事物的名称，使用通过联想理解其含义，但不是所有的事物都是可以用换喻来表达的）‎ ‎　　4）“这里需要一个帮手”：‎ ‎　　A hand is needed here.（注：此句采用提喻，提喻的特点是用一个事物的部分来代表事物的整体或用一个事物的整体来代表事物的部分。这里用hand一词代表整个人）‎ ‎　　5）“巨大的不幸笼罩着整个城市”：‎ ‎　　A great misfortune crept over the whole city.（注：此句采用拟人。拟人的特点是将事物人格化）‎ ‎　　6）“这种想法可真是伟大的愚蠢”：‎ ‎　　This is really a great stupid idea.（注：此句采用反语。反语的特点是故意将话反说，具有讽刺意味）‎ ‎　　7）“我太渴望成功了。听到成功的消息我欣喜若狂”：‎ I was mad for success and on the news of success I went mad with joy.（注：此句采用夸张。夸张的特点是为表现事物的特征故意夸大其词）‎ 如何进行英语记叙文写作训练 高考记叙文的写作一般要求考生根据试卷中提供的情景，组织语言材料，编写成文。一般说来，记叙文有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果六要素，写作时要明白、清楚地给予表达。写人时，要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等；叙事时，要写清事情发生与发展的过程以及事情发生的前因后果等。进行记叙文写作训练时，注意三点： 　　首先，我们要让学生学习记叙文写作的六要素——人物、事件、时间、地点、原因和结果，在记叙文写作时要把六要素交待清楚。让学生学习、掌握记 叙文的中心和材料的关系，学会从具体的材料中提炼中心，并根据中心思想的需要选择材料，合理安排情节。让学生学习记叙文写作的顺序要求，学会正确使用叙事 的三种方法：顺叙、倒叙和插叙。让学生学习记叙文写作的详略要求，在写作中能根据中心思想的需要确定详略，分清主次。让学生学习记叙文写作的人称知识，学 会运用第一人称和第三人称进行写作。让学生了解记叙文记人、叙事、写景、状物要准确、生动、真实的要求，学会运用多种表达方式。 　　其次，把阅读教学与写作指导结合起来进行训练。结合记叙文的阅读教学，通过仿写、改写等手段，使读与写融会贯通。阅读记叙文，重在对记叙文写法的分析、阐述；学写记叙文，重在对记叙文知识运用的指导、点拨。 　　第三，教学生如何确定写作中心。根据这个中心，思考能够扩展的材料有哪些，要避免写那些与中心内容无关的细节。围绕中心，列出写作提纲。提纲 一定要包含所提供的情景要点，同时要尽量使用自己熟悉的词语与句型将其扩展成篇。扩展时要注意写作要求的字数，防止由于字数不够而引起的扣分。 　　下面从三个方面来分析记叙文的写作训练： 　　(—)叙述的人称： 　　(1)第一人称叙述(First—person narrator)：写作者以当事人的口气，即第一人称来叙述，把文章中的事情以“我”的所见所闻来告诉读者，用主观的表现手法，给读者一种亲切自然的感 觉，如同亲身经历一样，加强了事件的可信性，直接抒发作者的思想情感，从而引起读者的共鸣。 　　(2)第三人称叙述(Third—person narrator)：写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述事件，以客观的写作方法，能够充分反映事件中各人的感受及见解，以全知的视角来叙述。 　　(二)叙述的内容：‎ ‎ 　　一篇记叙文应注意交代清楚事情的始末及细节，即何时、何地、何事、何人及何因(when，where，what，who and why／how)，做到有条有理，使读者易于明白。 　　1．事件：为了引起读者的注意，可以从一些纠纷或交叉事件中展开，直到高潮出现，再将问题解决。 　　2．人物：集中主要人物的描写，记叙人物遇到的事情及人物有什么影响。 　　3．时态：一般多采用一般过去时。 　　(三)叙述的方法： 　　一般叙述的线索可分为以下几种： 　　(1)以时间为线索，按时间的顺序来展开。 　　(2)以地点为线索，以地点的转移为顺序来展开。 　　(3)以事件发展的过程为线索，或以人物出现的先后次序来展开。 　　(4)以事物的象征意义为线索来展开。 　　(5)以人物的思想行为及认知的过程为线索来展开。 　　　练习： 　　1．将下面对话改写成一篇记叙文 　　“Do you believe in life after death?”Jack’s boss asked Jack． 　　“Yes，sir．” 　　“Well，then，that makes everything just fine，” the boss went on. “About an hour after you left yesterday to go to your grandpa’s funeral，he dropped into see you．” 文中应说明：(1)Jack向老板请假一天的理由是什么? (2)Jack回来后，老板向他提出什么问题?(3)老板举出什么事实?(4)当时Jack的表情如何? 词数大约100。 　　2．请根据下面的提示写一篇词数为120左右的记叙文：‎ ‎(1)昨天你第一次跟着妈妈去你家附近新开设的市场，你妈妈经常去那里买东西。(2) 市场里人很多，各类商品随处可见，叫卖声此起彼伏，人们在谈论着商品和价格。(3)你曾要妈妈买点鲜鱼。虽然到处都在卖冻鱼，但你们没费什么劲也买到了鲜 鱼。(4)妈妈还买了一些别的东西。(5)市场上的一切给你留下了深刻的印象。‎