初中7年级英语教案：第10讲 代词

初中7年级英语教案：第10讲 代词

辅导教案 学员姓名： 学科教师：‎ 年 级：七年级 辅导科目：英语 ‎ 授课日期 ‎××年××月××日 时 间 A / B / C / D / E / F段 主 题 代词 ‎ 教学内容 ‎（本次课的重点、难点以及达到怎样的情感目标）‎ ‎1. 掌握人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的基本用法；‎ ‎2. 能在具体的语境中选用正确的代词。‎ 教学建议：‎ ‎1. 同步检测部分要求学生在5分钟内完成；‎ ‎2. 学生之间相互批改;‎ ‎3. 要求学生更正，错误率过高的学生下次课再次抽默或者课后再次默写。‎ I. 7B U8 同步检测 单词默写。‎ 1. adj. 有乐趣的；使人快乐的；令人愉快的 ‎ 2. adj. 理想的，完美的，最合适的 ‎ 3. v. 组织；安排 ‎ 4. adj. 现代化的 ‎ 5. n. 实验室 ‎ 6. n. 实验，试验 ‎ 1. v. 组织；筹备 ‎ 2. adj. 不可能存在（或做到）的；不可能的 ‎ 3. adj. 必需的；必要的 ‎ 4. adj. 不需要的；不必要的；多余的 ‎ 5. adj. 不吸引人的；无趣的；无聊的 ‎ 6. pron. 你们自己 ‎ 7. pron. 我们自己 ‎ 8. pron. 他们自己；她们自己；它们自己 ‎ 9. pron. 她自己 ‎ 10. pron. 他自己 ‎ II.代词思维导图 教学建议：‎ 对代词种类进行梳理，通过代词思维导图让学生对对不定代词、关系代词、相互代词等有基本的概念。‎ 教学建议：‎ 此部分可以根据学生的情况对各个部分选择性进行重点知识的讲解。‎ 一、人称代词 ‎（备注：此部分由于比较简单，可以删掉表格中的代词，让学生填写。如果正确率高可以简单复习一下即可）‎ ‎1. 人称代词 数 格 人 称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he/she/it him/her/it they them ‎2. 人称代词主格在句中作主语，放在句首；动词或介词后用宾语。‎ He sits in front of me. I often help him. ‎ They are going to move to a new house next week. ‎ ‎3. 在英语中出现多个人称代词时:‎ 单数: 你--他--我 ，即you, he/she (him/her) and I/me;‎ 复数: 我们--你们--他们，即we/us, you and they/them.‎ You, he and I will work together. ‎ We, you and they are not allowed to leave right now.‎ ‎4. it的用法 具体用法 例句分析 a. 表示单数的事物，译为“它”‎ A：What’s this? ‎ B：It’s a cat.‎ b. 表示婴儿或不知道性别的人 There’s a baby in the picture. Is it you?‎ Someone is knocking the door. Who can it be?‎ c. 表示时间、天气、季节、距离等 It was snowing when I got home yesterday. ‎ How far is it from your home to your school?‎ d. 作形式主语、形式宾语等 It’s important for us to learn English well. ‎ It’s no use waiting here.‎ We find/think it important to finish the job in an hour.‎ 翻译下面句子：‎ 1. 解决这个问题很困难。‎ 2. 光说是没有用的。 ‎ 3. 我认为按时完成工作是很重要的。‎ ‎ ‎ 练习: ‎ ‎1. My mother and often go to the park on weekends.‎ ‎ A. me ‎ B. I C. my D. mine ‎2. A friend of came to see yesterday.‎ ‎ A. his; his B. he; him C. him; his D. his; him ‎3. Look at the photo. The girl beside is Nancy.‎ ‎ A. I B. mine C. me ‎ D. my ‎4. are invited to Betty’s birthday party.‎ ‎ A. She, you and I ‎ B. I, you and she C. I, you and her D. You, she and I ‎5. Our teacher smiled at .‎ ‎ A. he and me B. me and he C. him and me D. I and he ‎6. We are proud of our motherland. is getting richer and stronger.‎ ‎ A. We ‎ B. They ‎ C. He D. She ‎7. A: Have you heard of the accident about Lucy and her father?‎ B: Accident? No, I haven’t. Tell me about .‎ ‎ A. it B. her C. him D. them ‎8. The weather report says will be sunny tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. she ‎ B. he C. it D. them ‎9. Listen! Someone is knocking at the door. Who can be?‎ ‎ A. she B. he C. they D. it ‎10. Your MP4 is quite cheap. Where did you buy ? I want to buy ________, too.‎ ‎ A. one; one B. it; it C. it; one D. one; it ‎11. _______ usually takes him one hour to do his homework every day.‎ ‎ A. He B. It ‎ C. His D. Him ‎12. I find _____ important to learn English well.‎ ‎ A. it was ‎ B. that C. it D. one keys：1-5BDCAD 6-10CDBAC 11-14DCBC 二、物主代词 ‎1. 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词，物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，物主代词有人称和数的变化。‎ ‎（备注：此部分可以删掉表格中的代词，让学生填写。）‎ 数 人称 类别 单数 复数 我的 你的 他/她/它的 我们的 你们的 他们的/她们的/它们的 形容词性物主代词 my your his, her, its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs ‎2. 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词 ‎ These are their new books. Ours are over there. ‎ I left my dictionary at home. May I use yours?‎ Is this basketball yours?‎ ‎3.形容词性物主代词不能与冠词 (a/an/the)、指示代词 (this/that/these/those)等限定词连用。‎ ‎（√）my mobile phone （×） my a mobile phone （×）a my mobile phone ‎（√）her book （×） this her book （×）her this book This is my computer which was bought by my father. ‎ Her book is new while mine is old. ‎ ‎4. 名词+of+名词性物主代词，表示双重所有关系。‎ I met a friend of mine at the airport yesterday. ‎ This is a photo of hers.这是她的一张照片。Look at that lovely baby of hers.‎ ‎5. one’s own+ N. 或 N. +of +one’s own，表示强调“属于自己的”。‎ I won’t believe it until I see it with my own eyes.直到我自己亲眼看到我才会相信它。‎ We have a car of our own.‎ Do you buy a house of your own?‎ 练习：‎ I. 用括号内代词的适当形式填空。‎ 1. Wow, _________ (you)new bicycle looks the same as _________(my).‎ 2. This isn’t David’s bicycle. _________ (he) is black.‎ 3. A: Whose drawing is beside __________ (you)?‎ B: I’m not sure. Maybe it is ________ (her)‎ 4. ‎______ mother often help _____ with _____ English. (he)‎ 5. ‎_______ English teacher teaches _______ English well. (we)‎ 6. ‎______ (they) car doesn’t work well, so _______ (they) are going to use______ (we).‎ II.选出最佳答案。‎ 1. A: Is this ________car? ‎ B: No, is over there.‎ ‎ A. his; my B. your; mine ‎ C. his; hers D. her; his ‎ ‎2. camera is not so expensive as ______, but it works well ,too.‎ ‎ A. My; his B. Mine; him ‎ C. My; him D. Mine; his ‎ ‎3. This is English book. Is that ________?‎ ‎ A. his; her ‎ B. his an; her C. his the; hers ‎ D. his; hers ‎ ‎4. David talked with a friend of on the Internet for a long time yesterday. ‎ ‎ A. he ‎ B. his C. him D. himself ‎5. A: May I borrow your dictionary, Jim? B: Oh, sorry, It isn’t . ‎ ‎ A. his B. hers C. mine D. yours ‎6. Some of the stickers belong to me, while the rest are .‎ ‎ A. him and her B. his and her C. his and hers D. him and hers keys：Ⅰ.‎ ‎1、your，mine 2、His 3、yours hers ‎ ‎4、His，him，his ‎5、Our，us ‎6、Their they ours Ⅱ.1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 三、反身代词 ‎1. 表示“我（们）自己” “你（们）自己” “他、她、它（们）自己”。反身代词由人称代词或物主代词+self或+selves构成。其中单数+self，复数+selves。‎ ‎（备注：此部分可以删掉表格中的代词，让学生填写。）‎ 数 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself, herself, itself themselves 知识补充：第一人称和第二人称由形容词性物主代词+self或+selves构成。‎ ‎ 第三人称由人称代词宾格+self或+selves构成。其中单数+self，复数+selves。‎ ‎2. 反身代词作同位语，加强语气，通常跟在名词或代词后。‎ ask, cut, dress, enjoy, express, feed, hide, introduce, kill, seat , see He thought of the idea himself. ‎ I can do it myself.‎ ‎3. 反身代词通常跟在某些动词后作动词的宾语。‎ The boy is old enough to dress himself. ‎ We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.‎ 知识补充： 含反身代词的常用短语 say to oneself, help oneself to, teach oneself, enjoy oneself, dress oneself, by oneself, Help yourselves to some cake, boys. ‎ ‎4. 反身代词常跟在for, of, by等介词后，构成固定短语。‎ I worked out the problem by myself. 我独自解出了这道题。‎ The wolf decided to see what happened for himself. 狼决定亲自去看看发生了什么事。‎ The computer can shut off of itself. 这台计算机会自动关机。‎ 练习：‎ ‎1. I’ll bring dictionary with me. ‎ ‎ A. myself B. myself C. myself D. myself ‎2. We are glad that we are able to see on TV.‎ ‎ A. weselves B. our C. ourselves D. ours ‎3. She ______ goes to the super market once a week.‎ ‎ A. herselves B. herself C. sheself D. her ‎4. His name is James but he calls Jim.‎ ‎ A. himself ‎ A. his ‎ A. him D. /‎ ‎5. No one helped Millie. She did it all by .‎ ‎ A. myself B. herself ‎ C. himself D. yourself ‎6. I guess Tom and his sister Celia enjoyed at the party.‎ ‎ A. myself B. himself C. herself D. themselves ‎7. Mary’s answer is different from , but I really agree with ________. ‎ ‎ A. his; her B. his; her C. his; her D. his; her ‎8. You two were sure proud of _______ for designing such beautiful clothes, weren’t you?‎ ‎ A. your B. yourself C. yours D. yourselves ‎9. When she was a small child she could do some experiments for _________.‎ ‎ A. her B. she C. herself D. herselves ‎10. I hurt _______ when I fell from my bike yesterday.‎ ‎ A. my ‎ B. mine C. meself D. myself Reading ‎ Nowadays, many children of my age do not c___1___ with their parents. They don’t like sharing their i___2___, problems or happiness with their parents. They probably talk to their friends much than they talk to their parents.‎ The gap between the two generations is becoming bigger and bigger. It’s not a good phenomenon (现象). We’re still young, and do not know many things well, s__3___ we need adults to guide us and tell us the right way to d___4_ with the problems.‎ It’s g__5__ for parents to know what’s going on in our life. If we keep them in the dark, they won’t know when we need their help or whether they can trust us. So we should tell them what we are up to, share our thoughts and feelings w__6__ them, and seek their tips on our problems.‎ As for me, I often talk with my parents. Every night, I go for a walk with them after dinner. When we are ‎ taking a walk, I will talk with them about my life in school, and they will give me some a__7___. Talking with my parents can help me a lot.‎ keys: ‎ ‎1. communicate 2.ideas 3.so 4.deal 5.good 6.with 7.advice ‎ 教学建议：‎ 1． 规定学生必须在15分钟内完成；‎ 2． 相互交换批改，表扬正确率最高的学生；‎ 3． 做对的学生给做错的学生讲题；‎ 4． 让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。‎ I. Choose the best answer.‎ ‎1. Tom and Mike are good friends. _______often help each other．‎ A．They B．Them C． Their D．Theirs ‎2. Send __________a postcard from Australia when you are there.‎ A. I B. me C. my D. mine ‎3. I’m talking to you, Jack. Please listen to _______ carefully.‎ A. me B. mine C. you D. yours ‎4. — What are you reading?‎ ‎—The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. ______ writer is Mark Twain.‎ A. It B. Its C. He D. His ‎5. Dogs are my sister’s favorite pets. These cute dogs are _____. ‎ A. mine B. theirs C. his D. hers ‎ ‎6.—Who teaches _______painting？ —Nobody, I teach _______.‎ A. your; mine       B. your; my      C. you; myself     D. you; me ‎7. Welcome to my new house, Ann and John! Help     to some fruit. ‎ A. myself       B. yourself       C. yourselves D. ourselves ‎8. －How did your uncle learn to play the guitar? －By      .‎ A. myself              B. yourself      C. herself            D. himself ‎9. After the visitors arrived, the manager showed_______ around the product exhibition room.‎ A) they B) their C) them D) themselves ‎10. For the difficulties ahead, Mr. Black talked to ______ patiently one by one.‎ A. they B. them C. their D. themselves ‎ ‎11. Arthur’s memory starts to go wrong because of his age. So does ______.‎ A) I B) mine C) me D) myself ‎ ‎12. The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but ________ is big and modern.‎ A) they B) them C) their D) theirs ‎ ‎13. Suddenly the little boy got away from his mother’s hand and walked by______.‎ ‎ A）he B）his C）him D）himself ‎ ‎14. I'm afraid all of you have to work out the problem by ________.‎ A. you B. yours C. yourself D. yourselves ‎ ‎15. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.‎ A. you  B. me   C. him  D. her II. Word Derivation 1. You know Mike's hobby is playing football, but is collecting stamps. (I)‎ 2. Enjoy at the party, boys and girls. (you)‎ 3. Mr. Smith taught English when we were the students in university. (we)‎ 4. Mike's mother bought a big cake on his birthday. (he)‎ 5. Kevin is so independent that he always tries to do everything by . (he)‎ 6. The students are busy with the survey on classmates’ spending habits. (they)‎ 7. There is something wrong with my bike, but I can repair it . (I)‎ 8. The clever dog can open the gate of the garden by________( it)‎ ‎（以学生自我总结为主，TR引导为辅，为本次课做一个总结回顾）‎ 一． it的用法 二 . 反身代词 ‎1. 表示“我（们）自己” “你（们）自己” “他、她、它（们）自己”。反身代词由人称代词或物主代词+self或+selves构成。其中单数+self，复数+selves。‎ ‎2. 反身代词作同位语，加强语气，通常跟在名词或代词后。‎ ‎3. 反身代词通常跟在某些动词后作动词的宾语。‎ ‎4. 反身代词常跟在for, of, by等介词后，构成固定短语。‎ 教学建议：‎ ‎1. 包含预习下次课单词与短语和复习本次课内容两部分； ‎ ‎2. 规定学生在25分钟内完成；‎ ‎3. 要求学生对不确定有疑问的题目做标记；‎ ‎4．下节新课前让学生相互批改表扬正确率最高的学生；‎ ‎5．让作对的学生给做错的学生讲题，老师进行补充；‎ ‎6．老师对错误率较高的题目相关的知识点进行复习。‎ ‎【巩固练习】‎ I. Choose the best answer. ‎ ‎1. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______. ‎ A. they   B. them  C. themselves  D. theirs ‎2. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. ‎ ‎ ---Never mind. You can have ________.‎ A. us  B. ours  C. you  D. yours ‎3. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term? ---Work harder than last term.‎ A. ourselves  B. myself  C. himself  D. yourself ‎4. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?‎ A. you; it  B. you; he  C. your; it  D. your; that ‎5. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.‎ A. us  B. our  C. ours  D. ourselves ‎6. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.‎ A. me  B. my  C. mine  D. myself ‎7. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?‎ A. our; them  B. us; they  C. our; theirs  D. ours; theirs ‎8. Our manager allowed _______to take a holiday next week.‎ A. you and I   B. yourself and me C.I and you   D. you and me     ‎ ‎9. We should always keep ______ well-informed of the changing information.‎ A. us    B. ours    C. ourselves    D. we       ‎ ‎10. I found _______impossible for _______to work out the math problem.‎ A. it; him B. it; he C. that; him D. that; he           ‎ ‎11. I hate ______ when people talk with their mouths full.‎ A. it     B. that     C. these    D. them       ‎ ‎12. Children can usually dress ______ by the age of five.‎ A. him   B. them   C. himself   D. themselves     　　‎ II．用括号内的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1．It's clear that your drawing is much better than . (I) ‎ 2. The guests were told to introduce ________ before the opening ceremony. (they)‎ 3. May I use your laptop? I left at home this morning. (my)‎ 4. The old lady gave half of her money to the homeless, although she is not rich_________.(she)‎ ‎5．A friend of is waiting for the manager at the gate of the company. (they)‎ 6. Although she is over 85 years old, she still looks after very well. (her)‎ 7. Yesterday the couple talked a lot with a friend of ________on the internet. (they)‎ 8. Be careful, Richard, or you’ll hurt _____. (your)‎ III. Answer the questions ‎ Life in 30 years will be different because many changes will take place. But what will the changes be? ‎ The population is growing fast. There will be more and more people in the world and most of them will live longer than before. Computers will be much smaller and more useful, and there will be at least one computer in every home. And computer study will be one of the most important subjects in school. ‎ People will work fewer hours, and they will have more free time for sports, watching TV and travelling. Travelling will be much cheaper and easier. And more people will go to other countries for holidays.‎ There will be changes in our food, too. More land will be used for building new towns and houses. Then there will be less room for cows and sheep, so meat will be more expensive. Maybe no one will eat it every day, instead they eat more vegetables and fruit. Maybe people will be healthier than now.‎ Work in the future will be different, too. Dangerous and hard work will be done by robots. Because of this, many people will not have enough work to do. This will be a problem.‎ ‎1. Why will our life be different in 30 years?‎ ‎__________________________________________________‎ ‎2. What do computers look like in the future?‎ ‎__________________________________________________‎ ‎3. People will spend more free time on sports, watching TV and travelling, won't they?‎ ‎__________________________________________________‎ ‎4. What will people eat instead of meat in the future?‎ ‎__________________________________________________‎ ‎5. Who will do the dangerous and hard work in 30 years? ‎ ‎__________________________________________________‎ ‎1. Because many changes will take place. ‎ ‎2. Computers will be much smaller. ‎ ‎3. Yes, they will. ‎ ‎4. Vegetables and fruit. ‎ ‎5. Robots.‎ IV. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with the proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。）（共5分）‎ S______ always want to know more about the universe(宇宙). Years ago they knew many things about the moon. They knew how big it was and how far away it was from the earth. But they wanted to know more about it. They thought the best way was to s______ men to the moon. The moon is about 384,000 kilometers away from the earth. A plane cannot fly to the moon because the air reaches only 240 kilometers away from the earth. But something can fly e______ when there is no air. That is a rocket. How does a rocket fly? There is gas in the rocket. When the gas is made very hot i______ the rocket, it will rush out of the end of the rocket, so it can make the rocket fly u______ into the sky. Rockets can fly far out into space. They send spacecrafts to the moon. Spacecrafts with men in them have been to the moon. Several spacecrafts w______ men in them have flown to another planet much farther away than the moon. One day men may be able to go to any places in space.‎ ‎1.Scientists 2.send 3.even 4.in(side) 5.up 6.without ‎ ‎【预习思考】‎ ‎7B U9 同步学习 Ⅰ. Words.‎ ‎1. paragraph n. 段，段落 ‎ Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. 将下列各段翻译成中文。‎ ‎ 【拓展】 paragraph v. 将……分段 The teacher asked the students to paragraph an essay in class. 老师让学生们在课堂上给一篇文章分段。‎ ‎2. correct adj. 准确无误的；精确的；正确的 ‎ Your answer to the question is correct. 你对这个问题的回答是正确的。‎ ‎ 【拓展】 correct v. 改正；纠正：Would you help me correct my pronunciation?你能帮我纠正发音吗？‎ ‎ correction n. 修正；改正；校正 I’ve made a few small corrections to your report. 我对你的报告作了几处小的修改。‎ ‎ correctly adv. 正确地：He answered the teacher’s question correctly. 他正确地回答了老师的问题。‎ ‎ 【近义词】 right adj. 正确的；对的 ‎ 【反义词】 incorrect adj. 错误的；不正确的 wrong adj. 错误的；不正确的 ‎3. order n. 顺序；次序 ‎ The names are in alphabetical order. 这些名字按字母顺序排列。‎ ‎ 【拓展】 order作名词时，常见含义有：‎ ‎(1)命令；指示：He gave orders that the job must be done in three days. 他指示三天内必须完成这项工作。‎ ‎(2)秩序：The young teacher can't keep order in her class. 那位年轻教师无法维持课堂秩序。‎ ‎(3)订单：The company received a large order for computers. 这家公司接到一份求购电脑的大订单。‎ ‎(4)点菜：May I take your order now? 您可以点菜了吗？‎ ‎ 【拓展】 order v. 命令；嘱咐；吩咐：The officer ordered them to fire. 军官命令他们开火。‎ ‎4. strength n. 体力；力气；力量 ‎ He hasn't got enough strength to remove that stone. 他没有足够的力气搬走那块石头。‎ ‎ I haven't the strength to carry you. 我抱不动你。‎ ‎ 【近义词】 power n. 力；力量；体力；精力 ‎ 【拓展】 strong adj. 强壮的 指点迷津：power, force, energy 与 strength ‎(1) power主要指人或机器等事物潜在的或所能发挥出来的能力、权力或功能。‎ ‎ We use wind power to proddce eleotricity. 我们用风能发电。‎ ‎(2) force主要指自然界的力量和社会里的暴力、势力、说服力、压制力以及法律、道德或情感的力量。‎ ‎ The window was stuck, but father got it open by force. 窗户关得很死，爸爸用力才把它推开。‎ ‎ There is force in what he said. 他的话很有说服力。‎ ‎(3) energy主要指人的精力、工作或活动的能力、自然界的能等。‎ ‎ Old as he is, he has such energy that he can work 14 hours a day. ‎ 尽管年事已高，他仍有足够的精力每天工作14个小时。‎ ‎(4) strength主要指一人或一物所含的内在力量，能用以从事、忍受或抵抗许多事物。‎ ‎ Union is strength. 团结就是力量。‎ ‎5. proud adj. 骄傲的；自豪的；得意的 ‎ She is proud that she is the cheerleader of the school.她因身为学校啦啦队队长而感到自豪。‎ ‎ I'm proud to be your friend. 做你的朋友我感到骄傲。‎ ‎ 【拓展】 pride n. 自大；骄傲；傲慢；自豪：He looked at his painting with pride. 他得意地看着他的画。‎ ‎6. brightly adv.阳光灿烂地；光线充足地；明亮地 ‎ The garden is full of brightly coloured flowers. 这个花园里满是色彩鲜艳的花朵。‎ ‎ Dewdrops shine brightly in the sunshine. 露珠在阳光下闪闪发光。‎ ‎ 【拓展】 bright adj. 明亮的：The bright sun lit up the world. 灿烂的阳光照亮了世界。‎ ‎ brightness n. 亮度；光辉；光明：The light hurt my eyes with its brightness. 明亮的灯光刺痛了我的眼睛。‎ ‎7. * sweat v. 出汗；流汗 ‎ He was sweating buckets. 他大汗淋漓。‎ ‎ 【拓展】 sweat n. 汗：There was sweat on his forehead. 他的额头上冒出了汗。‎ ‎ sweater n.毛线衫：She wore a sweater and jeans. 她穿着毛衣及牛仔裤。‎ ‎8. stick n. 棍；棒 v. 粘；贴( stuck, stuck)‎ ‎ 【拓展】 stick是兼类词。请注意stick一词在下面句子中的词性和含义：‎ ‎ Grandpa still walks without a stick. 爷爷不拄拐杖仍能走路。（stick作名词，意为“拐杖”）‎ ‎ They stuck the notice on the wall. 他们把通知贴在墙上。(stick作动词，意为“粘贴”)‎ ‎9. onto prep. 向；朝 on是表示静态的方位介词，意为“在……上”。 Your book is on the table.您的书在桌子上。‎ 而onto是表示动态的方位介词，意为“到……上”。 The cat jumped onto the table:猫跳到桌子上去了。‎ ‎10. tie v.系；绑 He tied the magazines with string. 他用绳子捆杂志。‎ ‎【拓展】 tie n. 领带 ‎11. rise v. 升起(rose, risen)‎ The river has risen several metres. 河水上升了好几米。‎ The sun has not risen yet. 太阳还没升起。‎ ‎【拓展】 rise n. 上升；增加：There will be a rise in salary next year. 明年薪水会增加。‎ 指点迷津: rise 与raise ‎ ‎(1) rise是“上升；上涨；起床；站立”的意思。该词含义较广，总的意思是指依次上升，如自然界的日、月、星、雾、云的上升以及人体从睡、跪、坐、躺等姿势站立起来等。该词为不及物动词。‎ ‎ The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 日出于东而落于西。‎ ‎ The chairman rose from his chair. 主席从椅子上站了起来。‎ ‎(2) raise用作及物动词，其基本含义是“使升起来；举起”，它的过去分词和过去式都是raised。‎ ‎ Heavy rains raised the river. 暴雨使河水水位升高。‎ ‎ His speech raised my interest. 他的发言激起了我的兴趣。‎ ‎12. * dive v. ①俯冲 ‎ The seagulls soared then dived. 海鸥翱翔着，然后俯冲下来。‎ ‎ ②跳水 ‎ She dived beautifully. 她跳水姿势优美。‎ ‎ He dived into the river to save a drowning child. 他跳入河中救一个溺水的小孩。‎ ‎ 【拓展】 dive n. 潜水；跳水，俯冲：What a beautiful dive!多么优美的跳水动作！‎ ‎13. * flap v. （上下或左右）拍打 I flapped the flies away but soon they flew back. 我把苍蝇拍赶走，但一会儿它们又飞回来了。‎ ‎14. sail v.（船）航行；（人）乘船航行 ‎ The dinghy sailed smoothly across the lake. 小艇平稳地驶过湖面。‎ ‎ He sailed the boat between the islands. 他驾船在两岛之间航行。‎ ‎ 【拓展】 sail n. 帆；篷；乘船旅行 ‎ How many days' sail is it from Dalian to Guangzhou?从大连到广州有几天的航程？‎ ‎ sailor n. 水手：He was a sailor in the army. 他曾是部队里的一名水兵。‎ ‎15. lean v. 倾斜；屈身(leant, leant或leaned, leaned)‎ ‎ The trees leant in the wind. 树在风中倾斜。‎ ‎ He leaned on the back of the sofa. 他斜靠在沙发背上。‎ ‎ 【拓展】 lean adj. 肉少的；瘦且健康的：He was tall, lean and handsome. 他长得瘦高而英俊。‎ ‎ leaning n.倾向；偏向：a leaning towards comedy rather than tragedy偏爱喜剧而不是悲剧 ‎16. speed v. 快速前行(sped, sped, speeded, speeded)‎ ‎ Tom was fined for speeding. 汤姆因超速行车而被罚款。‎ ‎ The ambulance sped to the hospital. 救护车急速驶向医院。‎ ‎ 【拓展】 speed n. 速度：The train is travelling at a speed of sixty miles an hour.火车正以每小时60英里的速度行驶。‎ ‎17. among prep. 在……中；周围是 指点迷津：among 与between ‎ ‎ among一般用于三者或三者以上，意为“在……中间”，其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量以及具有复数（或集合）意义的名词或代词。‎ ‎ They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。‎ ‎ I found it among a pile of old books. 我在一堆旧书中找到了它。‎ ‎ 此外，among还用于下列情况：‎ ‎(1)用来引出最高级的比较范围。‎ ‎ The book is the best among the modern novels. 在现代小说中，这本是最好的。‎ ‎(2)表示“是……当中的一个”(相当于one of)。‎ Paris‎ is among the largest cities in the world. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。‎ ‎ between 一般指两者之间，其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词，或者是由and连接的两个人或物。‎ ‎ There was a fight between the two boys. 这两个男孩打过一架。‎ ‎ I'm usually free between Tuesday and Thursday. 我通常在星期二与星期四之间有空。‎ ‎18. slide v.（使）滑动；滑行(slid, slid)‎ ‎ The car slid into the river. 汽车滑进了小河里。‎ ‎ 【拓展】 slide n. 滑梯；幻灯片 ‎ The children were taking turns on the slides on the playground. 孩子们在操场上轮流玩滑梯。‎ ‎ They are attracted by the slide show. 他们被幻灯片所吸引。‎ ‎19. * dimple n. 酒窝 ‎ Mary has two dimples when she smiles. 玛丽一笑，脸上就露出两个酒窝。‎ ‎ 【拓展】 dimple v. 使……现酒窝 ‎ Her cheeks dimpled as she smiled. 她一笑，脸上就露出了酒窝。‎ Ⅱ. Daily expressions. 日常表达 ‎1. show off 炫耀；卖弄 ‎ He is showing off his new mobile phone. 他正在炫耀他的新手机。‎ ‎2. take off 意为“脱下（衣服等）”‎ ‎ You'd better take off your coat. It's very warm inside. 你还是把外套脱了吧，里面挺暖和的。‎ ‎ 【反义词】 put on穿上；戴上 ‎ 【拓展】 take off还有如下含义：‎ ‎(1)起飞：The plane will take off in twenty minutes. 飞机将在20分钟后起飞。‎ ‎(2)取消：The sports meet was taken off because of the bad weather. 运动会因为天气不好而被迫取消。‎ ‎【随堂小练】‎ I . Fill in the blanks with the words in their proper forms.‎ ‎1. I felt (excite) to see the film of the year.‎ 2. It's one of (interest) film this year.‎ 3. On days, we can fly kites in the sky. (wind)‎ ‎4. class is bigger than theirs. (we)‎ 5. We need some flowers to decorate our class.(colour)‎ 6. My kite looks more beautiful than . (she)‎ 7. Ladies and children should go to the safe boat . (one)‎ ‎8. , we arrive at the bus stop. (final)‎ ‎9. Do you know who is , Mr. Sun or Mr. Wind? ( strong)‎ ‎10. Please write down these new words on your note books. (correct)‎ ‎【keys】‎ I. 1. excited 2. the most interesting 3. windy 4. Our 5. colourful ‎ ‎6. hers 7. first 8. Finally 9. stronger 10. correctly