云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重代词和数词

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重代词和数词

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重代词和数词 高考语法填空：侧重代词和数词 代词和数词 （1） 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 I you he she it we you they me you him her it us you them ‎ my your his her its our your their mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 主格作主语，宾格作宾语。‎ 形容词性物主代词+名词，名词性物主代词单独使用 反身代词常用于短语中，如：enjoy oneself, hurt oneself 注意：语法填空中三种代词相互转化 ‎ 改错中主语性别和单复数 （2） 指示代词 A. ‎ 替代词的用法和区别 it 替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物 ‎—Have you found your pen?‎ ‎—No, I haven't found it.‎ one/ones one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an＋单数名词。其复数形式为ones I think this book is better than the one I read last time.‎ These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.‎ that/‎ those that用来替代前面出现的同类的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.‎ A. ‎ It的用法 ‎1．it可用于无人称句，表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如：‎ It is getting warmer and warmer.‎ It was already ten o'clock when he arrived home.‎ It's ten minutes' walk from here to our school.‎ It's very quiet at the moment.‎ ‎2．it可代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。如：‎ It's important for us to learn a second language.‎ We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.‎ ‎3．熟记下列有关it的固定句型 make it；get it；keep it up；see to it that；put it （1） 疑问代词 疑问代词放在连接词中讲解 （2） 不定代词 A. ‎ both, all, either, each, every, neither, none的用法 ‎1．both，either，neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”；either意为“两者中的任何一个”；neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如：‎ Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。‎ Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。‎ Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。‎ ‎2．all，none，each，every用于多者。all意为“全部都”，指可数的东西时为复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；none意为“全都不，任何一个都不”，指可数的东西时可为单数或复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；each和every意为“每一个”，为单数，两者都能作定语用，但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。‎ All of the students are there.‎ All (of) the milk is there.‎ Every student in our school works hard.‎ 我们学校的学生都很用功。‎ Each student may have an edictionary./Each of the students has an edictionary./The students each have an edictionary.‎ 每个学生都可有一本电子词典。‎ A. ‎ some和any的用法 ‎1．表示“一些”时，some常用于肯定句；any常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。如：‎ If you have any questions, please ask me.‎ ‎2．在疑问句中可用some，表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。如：‎ Would you like some coffee?‎ ‎3．some可接单数名词表示“某一个”；any可接单数名词表示“任何一个”。如：‎ I remember having read this article in some magazine.‎ Here are three novels.You may read any.‎ B. 复合不定代词的用法 由some，any，no，every加上body，one，thing构成的不定代词，叫复合不定代词。‎ ‎1．some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句，意为“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。如：‎ Somebody is waiting outside.‎ I have something for you.‎ She thinks she's something since she won the prize.‎ 获奖之后，她觉得自己了不起了。‎ ‎2．any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，意为“随便某个人或物，无论什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。如：‎ Does anybody else want to go?‎ There isn't anything in the box.‎ If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!‎ 有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：‎ Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.‎ You can take anything you like.‎ ‎3．no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如：‎ I know nothing about it.‎ There is nobody here.‎ ‎4．every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物，每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：‎ Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.‎ She does everything to help her mother.‎ Her son is everything to her.‎ 对她来说儿子就是一切。‎ A. ‎ the other，other，another，others，the others的区别 the other/‎ other the other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”。other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义 another 可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”‎ others/‎ the others others只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others He is willing to help others/other people.‎ Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The ‎ others have not.‎ Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.‎ We need another five chairs/five more chairs.‎ A. ‎ none，no one，nobody，nothing的区别 none 既可指人，也可指物；侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物；后可接of短语；作主语时谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句 ‎—How much money do you have?‎ ‎—None.‎ no one/‎ nobody 只能指人；是泛指概念，常用来回答由who引导的疑问句；不与of短语连用；作主语时，谓语动词用单数 ‎—Who is in the room?‎ ‎—Nobody./No one.‎ nothing 只能指物，且表泛指概念；常用来回答由what引导的疑问句 ‎—What are you doing ‎ now?‎ ‎—Nothing.‎ （1） 基数词和序数词 A. 基数词和序数词的基本知识 1） 相互变换 One-first two-second three-third 2） 基数词表达确数和概数 确数没有s没有of，概数有s有of ‎300 three hundred 数百个 hundreds of 3） 序数词前冠词的使用 序数词前一般有定冠词the A. 数词的应用 1） 日期表达 年，月，日，星期，时间 整时：5 o’clock 不整时：six past fifteen fifteen to six 注意quarter的含义 2） 分数表达 基数词+序数词(s)‎ 基数词+out of+基数词 注意分数时的主谓一致 高考语法填空选练题 ‎【2018高考选练】语法填空 阅读下面课文缩写材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Christmas is no fun when you're poor. Twenty years ago, I was a young, 1.struggling (struggle) substitute teacher (代课教师) whose calls into work had been few. Money was tight, bills were due 2.so/and my wife and I couldn't even afford to get Christmas gifts for each other. The only gifts we could get for our children were a few soft toys that I had found 3.sold (sell) at half price in the supermarket. I opened the door and brought in the gifts I 4.had_hidden (hide) in our old car's trunk. Then I handed 5.them/the_gifts to my son and daughter. I watched with a sad ‎ smile as they did their best to tear off the wrapping (包装) paper. As they pulled out their toys, though, I noticed their 6.eyes/faces lit up and they jumped up and down. My daughter 7.happily (happy) hugged her toy and then hugged her mom and me as well. I laughed as I watched my children play with their toys 8.for hours, and I thanked God for the 9.greatest (great) gift I had ever been given. Till today I still treasure 10.the gift of pure love that my son and daughter gave me that day.‎ 语法填空。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。‎ 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎　　Every day has the potential to be a good and, in some cases, a great day for you. Few of us get up in the morning　1　(think)that we want this to be a bad day. Yet in many cases the day turns that way because of a person or an event　2　we worry about. ‎ ‎　　Think about those small events which can throw you off balance and affect your whole day　3　(negative). Who stole your day? Was　4　a boss, an unruly child, an erratic driver on the way to work, getting　5　“F”on a history paper, 　6　an impolite waiter at lunch that did? ‎ ‎　　Every day numerous people or events can prevent us from having a good day, if we let them. The key is that we should adopt a positive attitude towards life. We cannot control　7　happens to us in many cases, but we can control how we react　8　these events. ‎ Lao-tzu, a Chinese philosopher, 　9　(say), “He who conquers others is strong; he who conquers　10　is mighty. ”‎ ‎【文章大意】每一天既可能会朝着好的方面发展, 也可能会朝着坏的方面发展, 关键是看我们对生活采取的态度。虽然我们不能控制会发生什么事, 但我们可以控制我们对所发生的事情的态度。‎ ‎1. 【解析】thinking。考查现在分词。think和逻辑主语few of us之间是主动关系, ‎ 应用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎2. 【解析】that。考查关系代词。that引导定语从句修饰先行词a person or an event, that在从句中作介词about的宾语, 先行词中既有人也有事物, 不可用which。‎ ‎3. 【解析】negatively。考查副词。修饰动词(affect), 应用副词。‎ ‎4. 【解析】it。考查代词。本句是强调句, 句中缺少it。‎ ‎5. 【解析】an。考查冠词。F表示的是学业成绩中的F级别, 是一个可数名词, 此处是泛指“一个F级别”, 应用不定冠词; F是以元音音素开头的, 应用不定冠词an修饰。‎ ‎6. 【解析】or。考查并列连词。an impolite waiter和“F”on a history paper是并列关系, 表示的是一种可能性, 应用or, 意为“或者”。‎ ‎7. 【解析】what。考查宾语从句。control后跟的是一个宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 应用what引导。‎ ‎8. 【解析】to。考查介词。react to sth. 对某事做出反应, 是固定搭配。‎ ‎9. 【解析】said。考查时态。表述过去发生的事情, 应用一般过去时。‎ ‎10. 【解析】himself。考查代词。由He who conquers others is strong可知, 此处指的是“征服自己的人才是强大的”。主语是he, 所以反身代词用himself。‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 ‎ ‎【2016高考训练】‎ The day my husband fell to his death, it started to snow, just like any November day. His body, when I found it, was lightly covered with snow. It snowed almost every day for the next four ‎ months, while I sat on the couch and watched it pile up. One morning, I shuffled downstairs and was surprised to see a snow remover clearing my driveway and the bent back of a woman shoveling(铲)my walk. I dropped to my knees, crawled through the living room. And back up stairs so those good people would not see me. I was embarrassed. My first thought was, how would I ever repay them? I didn’t have the strength to brush my hair let alone shovel someone’s walk.‎ Before John’s death, I took pride in the fact that I rarely asked for help or favors, I defined myself by my competence and independence. So who was I if I was no longer capable and busy? How could I respect myself if all I did was sit on the couch every day and watch the snowfall?‎ Learning how to receive the love and support that came my way wasn't easy. Friends cooked for me and l cried because I couldn't even help them set the table. “I'm not usually this lazy,” I wept. Finally, my friend Kathy sat down with me and said, "Mary, cooking for you is not a burden. I love you and I want to do it. It makes me feel good to be able to do something for you. ”‎ Over and over, I heard similar emotions from the people who supported me during those dark days. One very wise man told me, “You are not doing nothing. Being fully open to your sorrow may be the hardest work you will ever do.”‎ I am not the person I once was, but in many ways I have changed for the better. My heart is now filled with thanks for people around me. I have been surprised to learn that there is incredible freedom that comes from facing one’s worst fear and walking away whole. I believe there is strength, for sure, in accepting a dark period of our life.‎ ‎1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ A. The writer’s friend was unwilling to cook for her. ‎ B. The writer had been busy with her life before. ‎ C. The writer recovered from her sorrow quickly with his friend‘s help. ‎ D. The day her husband died, it was snowing heavily. ‎ ‎3. The underlined word “shuffled” in Paragraph 1 probably means ___________. ‎ ‎ A. stepped steadily B. walked slowly C. ran swiftly D. fell sadly ‎4. We can infer from the passage that ____________.‎ ‎ A. the writer found her husband immediately he fell off the roof ‎ B. the writer became strong-willed immediately after John's death ‎ C. the people around the writer were friendly and supported her ‎ D. before John’s death, the writer never asked others for help ‎5. The writer wrote the passage to ___________. ‎ ‎ A. share her sad story with us ‎ B. express her guilty conscience to the people who helped her ‎ C. show her thanks to the people who love and support her ‎ D. tell us the changes she has made because of her husband’s death 参考答案1—4、BBCC ‎