【英语】2019届二轮复习完形填空专题说明文类型训练之一（26页Word版答案含解析）

【英语】2019届二轮复习完形填空专题说明文类型训练之一（26页Word版答案含解析）

‎2019届二轮复习完形填空专题说明文类型训练之一 ‎ [一]‎ Most people are poor listeners. Even when we think we are listening carefully，we usually 1 only half of what we hear，and we remember even less. Improving your listening skills can be 2 in every part of your life.‎ The most important 3 of poor listening is giving in to distractions (分心的事物) and letting our thoughts 4 ．Sometimes，however，we listen too 5 ．We try to remember every word a speaker says，and we lose the 6 message by concentrating on details. In other situations，we may jump to conclusions and 7 a speaker without hearing out the message. Finally，we often judge people by their 8 or speaking manner 9 listening to what they say.‎ You can 10 these poor listening habits by taking several steps. First，take listening 11 and commit yourself to becoming a better listener. Second，work at being a(n) 12 listener. Give your undivided attention to the speaker in a genuine effort to 13 her or his ideas. Third， 14 distractions. Make a conscious effort to keep your mind on what the speaker is saying. Fourth，try not to be 15 by appearance or delivery. 16 preconceived (事先形成的) judgments based on a person's looks or manner of speech. Fifth，suspend (延缓) judgment 17 you have heard the speaker's entire message. Sixth， 18 your listening by paying attention to main points，to evidence，and to the speaker's techniques. Finally，develop your notetaking skills. When done 19 ，note taking is an excellent way to improve your concentration and to keep track of a speaker's 20 ．It almost forces you to become a more attentive and creative listener.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何才能成为一名好的倾听者。‎ ‎1．A．grasp B．realize C．believe D．choose A　[根据上文的“poor listeners”及下文的“remember even less”可知，即便认真去听，我们通常也只能“领会(grasp)”所听到的一半内容。]‎ ‎2．A．difficult B．helpful C．possible D．practical B　[下文介绍的是提高听力技能的方法，所以此处指提高听力技能对生活的方方面面都有“帮助(helpful)”。]‎ ‎3．A．role B．factor C．function D．cause D　[容易受干扰是听力差的最重要的“原因(cause)”。]‎ ‎4．A．pass B．wander C．stop D．stay B　[根据上文的“giving in to distractions(分心的事情)”可知，此处指思绪“乱飞(wander)”。]‎ ‎5．A．long B．clearly C．hard D．passively C　[根据下文的“We try to remember every word”可知，有时，我们听不好是因为听得“过于认真(hard)”了。]‎ ‎6．A．main B．new C．useful D．hidden A　[根据下文的“concentrating on details”可知，此处指没抓住“主要(main)”信息。]‎ ‎7．A．prejudge B．ignore C．doubt D．leave A　[根据下文的“without hearing out the message”可知，没听完对方说什么，就“妄下结论(prejudge)”。]‎ ‎8．A．words B．speed C．behavior D．appearance D　[根据speaking manner可知，人们经常通过“外表(appearance)”或说话方式，“而不是(instead of)”对方所讲的内容来评价一个人。下一段的“looks or manner of speech”也是提示。]‎ ‎9．A．due to B．along with C．instead of D．except for C　[参见上题解析。]‎ ‎10．A．pick up B．give up C．take up D．put up B　[下文提到的方法都是帮助大家“改掉(give up)”不良听力习惯的。]‎ ‎11．A．seriously B．naturally C．personally D．wrongly A　[根据下文的“commit yourself”可知，听别人说话时应该“认真(seriously)”。take sth. seriously“严肃认真地对待某事”。]‎ ‎12．A．clever B．active C．free D．powerful B　[根据下文中的“undivided attention”和“genuine effort”可知，我们应该做一个“积极的(active)”倾听者，努力去“听懂(understand)”对方要表达的意思。]‎ ‎13．A．test B．support C．understand D．discuss C　[参见上题解析。]‎ ‎14．A．consider B．share C．watch D．resist D　[根据下文的“keep your mind on what the speaker is saying”可知，倾听时需要“抵制(resist)”干扰。]‎ ‎15．A．affected B．puzzled C．replaced D．persuaded A　[根据上一段及下文中的“judgments based on a person's looks or manner of speech”可知，此处是说不要被外表等因素“影响(affected)”，把那些事先形成的判断都“抛到一边(Set aside)”。]‎ ‎16．A．Set aside B．Set down C．Set off D．Set out A　[参见上题解析。]‎ ‎17．A．though B．when C．until D．since C　[要“一直等到(until)”对方说完再下结论。]‎ ‎18．A．check B．focus C．organize D．monitor B　[根据下文的“main points”可知，此处指要“集中(focus)”精力去听。]‎ ‎19．A．eagerly B．secretly C．slowly D．properly D　[只有记笔记的方法“得当(properly)”，它才能在听力中发挥积极的作用。]‎ ‎20．A．questions B．plans ‎ C．ideas D．changes C　[记笔记当然是为了记录说话者的“观点(ideas)”。]‎ ‎[二]‎ Sometimes we talk about a very simple term—like the word “take”．But“take” is not as simple as it 21 ．In fact，the Oxford English Dictionary calls it one of the “elemental words of the English language”．‎ Many expressions using the 22 “take” first appeared in American English 23 ago and have not changed at all. For example，the 24 Etymology Online says the saying “take it or leave it” was first used in the late 19th century. But you can 25 this phrase commonly used in many 26 situations.‎ The phrase “to take it out on someone or something” means “to 27 anger at someone or something”．It is a 28 of misplaced anger. Another website says this expression was first 29 in 1840.‎ Let's say your friend who lost his job. He is 30 and shouts at you for something unrelated. You can say to him，“Look，I 31 you're upset. But don't take it out on me. I didn't 32 you！”‎ Taking it out on someone is very different from having giveandtake with someone. Giveandtake is the process that 33 sides go through to reach a(n) 34 ．It's a compromise. Both sides 35 something they want but also take something they want. Giveandtake can 36 mean the act of exchanging ideas or comments.‎ If you are simply taken by someone，you either show complete respect for or are 37 in love with the person. 38 ，“She is really taken by the new man in the office. He is all she talks about！”‎ So，do you see what we 39 ？The word “take” has so many 40 ．You can take our word for it. That means you can trust us.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了单词“take”所涉及的一些短语的用法。‎ ‎21．A．appears B．sounds ‎ C．speaks D．feels B　[根据上文提到的“Sometimes we talk about a very simple term”可知，有时候我们谈论一个非常简单的术语，但是“take”这个词并不像它听起来那么简单。故选B项。]‎ ‎22．A．situation B．period ‎ C．word D．sentence C　[许多的词组都使用了“take”这个英语单词。故选C项。]‎ ‎23．A．months B．weeks ‎ C．hours D．years D　[根据下文的“the saying ‘take it or leave it’was first used in the late 19th century”可知，使用“take”的词组首次出现在美国英语中是在数年前。故选D项。]‎ ‎24．A．website B．organization C．department D．business A　[根据空后的“Etymology Online”以及下文的“Another website says”可知，这是一个网站。故选A项。]‎ ‎25．A．present B．find ‎ C．call D．consider B　[但是你能发现这个短语普遍被使用在许多不同情境中。present“呈献”；find“发现”；call“称呼”；consider“认为”。故选B项。]‎ ‎26．A．interesting B．strange C．different D．amazing C　[参见上题解析。]‎ ‎27．A．share B．stop C．make D．express D　[根据下文的“misplaced anger”可知，此处表示该短语意思是“向某人或某物表达怒气”。故选D项。]‎ ‎28．A．sign B．level C．symbol D．response A　[根据下文的“He is 30 and shouts at you for something unrelated”可知，你的朋友因不相关的事情冲你发火，这是一种不适宜的怒火的标志(sign)。故选A项。level“水平”，symbol“象征”，response“回答”，均与语境不符。]‎ ‎29．A．kept B．used C．formed D．developed B　[因为上文中提到了含有take的许多短语第一次被使用的时间，由此可推断此处表示短语“to take it out on someone or something”第一次被使用的时间。故选B项。]‎ ‎30．A．surprised B．curious C．angry D．shy C　[根据上文的“Let's say your friend who lost his job”和空后的“shouts at you for something unrelated”可知，此处表示“他生气并且因为不相关的事情向你大吼”。所以选C项。]‎ ‎31．A．mind B．follow C．get D．know D　[根据下文的“But don't take it out on me”可知，此处表示“我知道你心烦。但是你别冲我发火”。故选D项。]‎ ‎32．A．fire B．ignore C．hurt D．cheat A　[因为上文提到朋友失去了工作，所以此处应表示“不要向我发火，我没有解雇你”。故选A项。]‎ ‎33．A．opposing B．kind C．operating D．distant A　[根据下文的“It's a compromise”可知，互相忍让是一种妥协。由此可推断，互相忍让的双方是对立的。故选A项。]‎ ‎34．A．conclusion B．agreement C．point D．decision B　[互相忍让是对立的双方所经历的一个达成协议的过程。下文中的“It's a compromise”是提示。故选B项。]‎ ‎35．A．take up B．give off C．give up D．take off C　[根据上文的“giveandtake”以及下文的“but also take something they want”可知，此处应表示“双方放弃他们想要的一些东西也获取了他们想要的一些东西”。give up意为“放弃”，故选C项。take up“从事，占据”；give off“发出(光、热、声音等)”；take off“起飞，匆匆脱下”。]‎ ‎36．A．yet B．still C．ever D．also D　[此处表达的是“giveandtake”的另一层意思，与上文形成并列关系，故选D项。]‎ ‎37．A．initially B．recently ‎ C．totally D．finally C　[根据空前的“you either show complete respect for or”可知，你或者表达对某人的完全尊重或者完全爱上某人。故选C项。]‎ ‎38．A．For sure B．In addition C．In fact D．For example D　[此处是举例说明短语“taken by someone”的意思。故选D项。]‎ ‎39．A．plan B．mean C．buy D．study B　[根据下文的“That means you can trust us”可知，此处表示“你明白我们的意思了吗”。故选B项。]‎ ‎40．A．uses B．stories C．ways D．deeds A　[从上文的内容可知，单词“take”被用于许多的短语中，因此此处表示“单词take有许多的用法”。故选A项。]‎ ‎[三]‎ As a general rule，all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规) basic. As a matter of fact，we can see this 41 at work in people of all 42 .For example，on Christmas morning，children are excited about 43 with their new toys. But their 44 soon wears off and by January those 45 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 46 stamp albums and unfinished models，each standing as a monument to someone’s 47 interest. When parents bring home a pet，their child 48 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time，however，the 49 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 50 but are soon looking forward to 51 .The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then，how many 52 ，who now complain(抱怨) about the long drives to work， 53 drove for hours at a time when they first 54 their driver’s licenses(执照)？Before people retire，they usually 55 to do a lot of 56 things，which they never had 57 to do while working. But 58 after retirement，the golfing，the fishing，the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 59 .And，like the child in January，they go searching for new 60 .‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。一般来说，任何事情做久了都会让人厌倦。实际上不论是在工作中，还是在人们的日常生活中都会有这样的现象；同样的厌倦心理也会出现在各个年龄段。‎ ‎41．A. principle B．habit C．way D．power 答案　A 解析　根据文章开头“As a general rule...(作为一个通用的规则……)”可知，此处意为“我们能在……中看到这个定律”，上文中rule暗示此处要用principle。‎ ‎42．A. parties B．races C．countries D．ages 答案　D 解析　由For example后面提到的几类人children，adolescents，young adults以及people to retire可知此处要填ages，意为“我们可以看到这一定律对各年龄段的人都有效”。‎ ‎43．A. working B．living C．playing D．going 答案　C 解析　根据该空后面的“with their new toys”可知孩子们是在“玩”新的玩具，所以此处要用playing。‎ ‎44．A. confidence B．interest C．anxiety D．sorrow 答案　B 解析　分析语境，前文说“孩子们很兴奋地玩他们的新玩具”，由But表转折可知，他们的兴趣(interest)慢慢消失，wear off逐渐减少，慢慢消失。‎ ‎45．A. same B．extra C．funny D．expensive 答案　A 解析　这里提到的玩具就是原来孩子们非常感兴趣的玩具，所以此处要用same。‎ ‎46．A. wellorganized B．colorfullyprinted C．newlycollected D．halffilled 答案　D 解析　下面的“unfinished models(没有完成的模型)”是重要提示，与unfinished并列的应是halffilled，意为“完成一半的”集邮册。‎ ‎47．A. broad B．passing C．different D．main 答案　B 解析　句意为：这个世界上到处都是装满一半的集邮册和尚未完成的模型，每个都是某人曾经的兴趣的纪念碑。passing interest曾经的兴趣，也就是曾经那么感兴趣，而现在不感兴趣了。‎ ‎48．A. silently B．impatiently C．gladly D．worriedly 答案　C 解析　结合下文的“Within a short time，however，the of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents.”可知，开始时孩子很乐意(gladly)为宠物洗澡和梳理毛发。silently沉默地；impatiently不耐烦地；worriedly忧虑地。‎ ‎49．A. promise B．burden C．right D．game 答案　B 解析　孩子没有了兴趣，因此照顾宠物的负担(burden)就移交给父母了。promise承诺；right权利；game游戏。‎ ‎50．A. courage B．calmness C．confusion D．excitement 答案　D 解析　根据上文的“children are excited about”可知，进入高中的青少年也是满怀“兴奋”的，故此处要用excitement。‎ ‎51．A. graduation B．independence C．responsibility D．success 答案　A 解析　刚进入高中的青少年开始时很兴奋，从but可以推知，他们不久就失去了兴趣而盼望毕业(graduation)。independence独立；responsibility责任，职责；success成功。‎ ‎52．A. children B．students C．adults D．retirees 答案　C 解析　根据上文的“The same is true of the young adults going to college.And then...”可知，此处是讲成年人(adult)的事情。‎ ‎53．A. carefully B．eagerly C．nervously D．bravely 答案　B 解析　根据后面的“...when they first their driver’s licenses(执照)？”可以推知，人们最初拿到驾照的时候是很“渴望”开车的，故此处要用eagerly。‎ ‎54．A. required B．obtained C．noticed D．discovered 答案　B 解析　根据语境可知，此处指成人“获得”驾照。因此要用obtain。require要求；notice注意到；discover发现。‎ ‎55．A. need B．learn C．start D．plan 答案　D 解析　句意为：退休前他们通常打算做很多事情。plan打算，计划。‎ ‎56．A. great B．strange C．difficult D．correct 答案　A 解析　由下文的“the golfing，the fishing，the reading and all of the other pastimes”可知，这是他们退休后打算做的“极好的事情”，所以此处要用great。‎ ‎57．A. time B．money C．skills D．knowledge 答案　A 解析　根据前面的“before people retire”可知，他们要做自己原来没有“时间”做的事情，所以此处要用time。‎ ‎58．A. only B．well C．even D．soon 答案　D 解析　soon after意为“不久”，也就是在他们退休后不久，所以此处要用soon。‎ ‎59．A. lost B．chose C．left D．quit 答案　C 解析　句意为：他们退休前打算要做的那些事情也正如他们离开的工作一样无聊。所以此处要用leave。‎ ‎60．A. pets B．toys C．friends D．colleagues 答案　B 解析　like the child in January “像一月份的孩子那样”，孩子们一月份时已经对圣诞节的玩具失去了兴趣，故此处意为退休的人对他们之前的打算失去兴趣后，就像孩子那样寻找新的玩具(toys)。‎ ‎ [五]‎ Trees play a vital part in keeping the balance of the ecosystem. Cutting too many trees for urban use and other purposes does great harm to the environmental 41 ．It is needless to say that deforestation (砍伐树林) has 42 effects on the environment.‎ One of the major disadvantages of deforestation is that it 43 the water cycle. Trees are 44 for drawing water from the soil and releasing moisture (水分) into the atmosphere. Deforestation disturbs the water cycle and makes the environment 45 ．Climate change is a (n) 46 of cutting down too many trees.‎ Burning of forests 47 a large amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，which are known for trapping atmospheric heat， 48 increasing the average temperature of the earth surface. The rise in the average temperature of our planet is bound to 49 sea level. Global warming has already begun causing the 50 of the ice at the poles，thus adding to the rise in sea level.‎ Animals 51 trees or other plants. By cutting down trees，we 52 animals of their sources of food and cause the destruction of animal life. It can lead to the 53 of a variety of animal species. Global warming that is largely caused by deforestation 54 endangers plants and animals.‎ It is believed that the use of fossil 55 —oil and gas—causes global warming. But research has revealed that deforestation is one of its major 56 ．It is the main reason behind the 57 of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere， 58 to the greenhouse effect. So，we need to show greater 59 for deforestation. We need to take measures to 60 deforestation so that we can hope for a better environment.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。砍伐树林会对环境、生态、气候等造成很大破坏。因此我们应该采取措施保护树林。‎ ‎41．A．balance B．pollution C．damage D．science A　[根据上文中的“keeping the balance of the ecosystem”可知，大量砍伐树木会对环境的平衡造成极大的破坏。]‎ ‎42．A．positive B．extra C．various D．magical C　[联系下文中的“One of the major disadvantages of deforestation”可知，砍伐树林对环境造成了各种各样的(various)破坏。]‎ ‎43．A．completes B．repeats C．benefits D．destroys D　[结合空前的“the major disadvantages”可知，砍伐树林会破坏水循环。故选D。]‎ ‎44．A．famous B．responsible C．ready D．possible B　[从下文内容可知，树木负责从土壤中汲取水分，并向空气中释放。故选B。]‎ ‎45．A．drier B．warmer C．colder D．cooler A　[根据上文内容可知，砍伐树林破坏了水循环，环境会变得更加干燥。]‎ ‎46．A．outcome B．example C．movement D．reward A　[联系空后的“of cutting down too many trees”可知，气候的变化是砍伐太多的树木的结果(outcome)。]‎ ‎47．A．gets rid of B．results in C．makes use of D．takes over B　[从空后的“a large amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases”可知，焚烧森林导致了大量的二氧化碳和其他温室气体的产生。result in“导致，造成”。]‎ ‎48．A．hardly B．meanwhile C．thus D．instead C　[空后的“increasing the average temperature of the earth surface”是空前的结果，故选C。thus“因此，因而”。]‎ ‎49．A．lower B．keep ‎ C．reach D．raise D　[根据下文中的“adding to the rise in sea level”可知，‎ 地球平均温度的升高会导致海平面的上升。]‎ ‎50．A．melting B．recycling C．freezing D．burning A　[全球变暖引起两极冰雪的融化(melting)，导致海平面上升。]‎ ‎51．A．cut down B．live on C．climb up D．turn over B　[结合下文中的“By cutting down trees，we 52 animals of their sources of food and cause the destruction of animal life”可知，动物以树木或其他植物为生。]‎ ‎52．A．rob B．remind ‎ C．inform D．accuse A　[从空后的“of their sources of food”可知，人类砍伐树木使动物丧失了食物来源。rob...of...“使……丧失……，剥夺”。]‎ ‎53．A．protection B．extinction C．satisfaction D．civilization B　[食物资源的丧失会导致很多动物物种的灭绝。]‎ ‎54．A．never B．barely C．further D．hardly C　[依据上文的描述可知，很大程度上因为砍伐树林而造成的全球变暖会进一步危害动植物。]‎ ‎55．A．plants B．animals ‎ C．fuels D．stones C　[联系空后的“oil and gas—causes global warming”可知，此处指矿物燃料的使用。]‎ ‎56．A．purposes B．interests C．effects D．causes D　[无论是矿物燃料的使用还是砍伐树林，它们都是全球变暖的原因。]‎ ‎57. A．fall B．difference C．balance D．rise D　[砍伐树林是温室气体增加的主要原因，也是温室效应产生的原因。]‎ ‎58．A．referring B．leading C．exposing D．appealing B　[从空后的“to the greenhouse effect”可知，温室气体导致了温室效应。lead to“导致”，符合语境。]‎ ‎59．A．potential B．concern C．confidence D．spirit B　[结合空前的“we need to show greater”和空后的deforestation可知，我们应该对砍伐树林给予更大的关注(concern)。]‎ ‎60．A．advocate B．ignore C．discover D．prevent D　[联系空后的deforestation可知，我们要采取措施阻止砍伐树林。]‎ ‎ [六]‎ ‎ When your child is supposed to be doing homework，are they chatting with their friends on Facebook or playing games？Many studies have shown that multitasking doesn't 1 ， 2 your child is probably proudly claiming they can do ten things 3 ！Many people believe that they can 4 two or more tasks at the same time，but Dr.Edward Hallowell says this is 5 .The reality is that multitasking 6 poor job performance.‎ New handheld 7 such as smartphones，iPads，games and social networking sites make it very easy to multitask and 8 attention leading to difficulty focusing on the task 9 ，such as listening in the classroom or doing homework.“ 10 ，the brain actually 11 kids for multitasking even though your child's performance on every task gets worse and worse.Kids don't know that they are doing 12 because they feel better when they multitask，” says Dr.Edward Hallowell.‎ ‎ 13 the appearance of handheld devices and social networking sites，teachers have noticed a difference in 14 performance，critical thinking skills and how information is 15 ．“Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn，” says Dr.Edward Hallowell.Kids have a difficult time sticking with a “difficult to understand” topic and 16 to allow themselves to be distracted (注意力分散的)，to tune out and switch ‎ ‎17 to Facebook or using their cell phones 18 working harder at understanding a difficult subject or problem.In the long 19 ，multitasking affects grades.One study shows that kids that use the Internet while in class do 20 on tests，resulting in lower grades.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了孩子们同时做多项任务对学业所造成的负面影响。‎ ‎1．A．play B．understand C．use D．work D　[根据下文中的“The reality is that multitasking 6 poor job performance”可推知，一次做很多事情并没有什么效果。work“有效，起作用”。]‎ ‎2．A．only if B．even though C．so that D．no wonder B　[根据语境可知，空处上下句之间存在逻辑上的转折关系，even though“虽然，尽管”，符合语境。]‎ ‎3．A．at once B．right away C．in no time D．at random A　[根据下文中的“Many people believe that they can 4 two or more tasks at the same time”可知，孩子们会声称能同时做十件事情。at once“一起，同时”。]‎ ‎4．A．advocate B．deal C．perform D．prefer C　[根据语境可知，许多人相信他们可以同时做两件或是更多事情。perform“做，执行，履行”。]‎ ‎5．A．impossible B．important C．impatient D．impolite A　[根据下文中的“poor job performance”可知，Dr.Edward Hallowell认为同时做多个任务是不可能的。故A项正确。]‎ ‎6．A．results in B．results from C．exists in D．exists from A　[根据语境尤其是“poor job performance”可推知，‎ 同时做多项任务的结果很不好。result in“导致，造成”。]‎ ‎7．A．designs B．discoveries C．equipment D．evidence C　[根据空后的“smartphones，iPads”可知，此处表示新的便携式装备，故C项正确。下文13空后的“handheld devices”也是信息提示。]‎ ‎8．A．attract B．draw C．pay D．share D　[根据下文中的“leading to difficulty focusing on the task”可推知，多任务容易分散注意力。share“共享，共用”。]‎ ‎9．A．at hand B．on time C．on schedule D．at times A　[根据空后的“such as listening in the classroom or doing homework”可知，这些都是手头要做的事。at hand“在手边”。]‎ ‎10．A．Uncertainly B．Unfortunately C．Universally D．Undoubtedly B　[根据第一段最后两句可知，Dr.Edward Hallowell并不赞成多任务行为，因此当大脑给这种行为以肯定或鼓励时，他认为是不幸的。]‎ ‎11．A．remains B．rewards C．regards D．reflects B　[根据空后的“even though”可知，空处与worse形成对比，由此可推知大脑反而鼓励这种多任务行为。reward“奖赏，报答”。]‎ ‎12．A．better B．well C．bad D．worse D　[根据上文中的“gets worse and worse”和空后的“because they feel better when they multitask”可知，孩子们并不知道自己变得更糟糕。]‎ ‎13．A．Since B．Before C．When D．While A　[结合空后现在完成时的运用可知，此处应用连词since“自从……之后”引导状语从句。 ]‎ ‎14．A．accidental B．accurate C．accessible D．academic D　[根据上文的“teachers”可推知，老师们注意到学生们在学业上的差异。academic“学术的”。]‎ ‎15．A．produced B．processed C．possessed D．promoted B　[根据下文中的“Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn”可知，这些便携式工具的出现改变了学生处理信息的方式。process“处理”。 ]‎ ‎16．A．tend B．attend C．intend D．pretend A　[根据空前的“Kids have a difficult time sticking with a ‘difficult to understand’ topic”可知，孩子们很难坚持一个理解起来有困难的话题，他们的注意力往往会分散。tend to do sth.“往往会发生某事”。]‎ ‎17．A．out B．on C．off D．over D　[根据语境可知，既然注意力分散了，孩子们就有可能转而关注学习之外的东西。switch over to “转向”。]‎ ‎18．A．except for B．rather than C．more than D．apart from B　[根据语境可知，孩子们去玩手机或Facebook，而不是更努力地学习。rather than“而不是”。]‎ ‎19．A．run B．walk C．journey D．distance A　[in the long run为固定短语，意为“从长远来看”，符合语境。]‎ ‎20．A．hardly B．successfully ‎ C．poorly D．mildly C　[根据空后的“resulting in lower grades”可知，在课堂上上网的孩子考试成绩差。]‎ ‎ 【七】‎ Whenever we're introduced to strangers，we make decisions about them ‎ according to our first impressions. For most Brits，simply asking someone how much they earn is 21 as impolite behavior. However，it is 22 that people admire those who show off their 23 ．‎ This is a 24 trend. I've felt the warm glow (喜悦) of knowing I earned 25 than somebody，and the grey 26 of knowing that I earned less than another.‎ It seems as though selfworth is increasingly being 27 the careers we choose and the money we earn. We need to stop 28 so much value on what people earn and what they do. Don't get me wrong—keeping ambitious is not a(n) 29 ，and achievements should always be 30 instead of being underestimated (低估)．But when a person uses their success to judge you 31 ，it becomes a problem.‎ We need to stop thinking that somebody is worth admiring if they're rich but 32 other people's benefits on their way to success. We need to 33 that being an honest and fair person is not a sign of weakness but a positive and 34 personality.‎ Here's a(n) 35 if you want to know what you're really worth: It has 36 to do with your bank account. It's 37 about how many times you've been there for your friends and how many times you've been kind to a 38 ．It's every time you do something 39 or treat someone with respect no matter 40 they are in their own life.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中阐述的是自我价值源于内在的品质，与金钱无关。‎ ‎21．A．considered B．qualified ‎ C．appointed D．recommended A　[根据文化背景知识可知，此处表示对大多数英国人而言，直接开口询问某人的薪资被认为(considered)是不礼貌的行为。qualify“使具备资格”；appoint“任命”；recommend“推荐”。]‎ ‎22．A．tentative B．common C．reasonable D．rare B　[联系上下文并根据句中的“However”可知，此处表示然而，人们羡慕那些炫耀自己财富(wealth)的人是很常见的(common)现象。tentative“不确定的”；reasonable“有道理的”。]‎ ‎23．A．talent B．knowledge C．wealth D．reputation C　[参见上题解析。talent“天赋”；knowledge“知识”；reputation“名望”。]‎ ‎24．A．puzzling B．worrying C．shocking D．disappointing B　[根据下文的“We need to stop thinking that somebody is worth admiring...”可推知，作者对于人们有这样的价值观是表示担忧的。worrying“令人担忧的”，符合语境。puzzling“令人困惑的”；shocking“令人震惊的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。]‎ ‎25．A．more B．less C．further D．faster A　[根据上文的“warm glow(喜悦)”和下文的“earned less than another”可知，此处表示作者了解到自己比别人赚得多时内心是喜悦的，而知道自己比别人赚得少时心里会感到悲伤(sadness)。空处与下文的“less”形成对比。]‎ ‎26．A．excitement B．embarrassment ‎ C．amazement D．sadness D　[参见上题解析。空处与上文的“glow(喜悦)”形成对比。excitement“兴奋”；embarrassment“尴尬”；amazement“惊奇”。]‎ ‎27．A．tied to B．adjusted to C．admitted to D．tailored to A　[自我价值似乎越来越多地和我们选择的职业及我们所赚的钱紧密相关。be tied to sth.“与……紧密相关”，故选A。be tailored to“依据……定制”。]‎ ‎28．A．spending B．placing C．lessening D．supporting B　[此处表示我们需要停止把人们所挣的(钱)和他们的工作看得如此重要。place/put value on...“重视，认为……重要”。lessen“减轻”。]‎ ‎29．A．advantage B．success C．fault D．failure C　[根据上下文语境，尤其是后文的“instead of being underestimated(低估)”可知，此处表示有抱负不是一个错误(fault)，‎ 且成就不应该总是被低估而是应该被赞赏(appreciated)。advantage“优势”。]‎ ‎30．A．reported B．doubted C．declared D．appreciated D　[参见上题解析。doubt“怀疑，质疑”。]‎ ‎31．A．occasionally B．traditionally C．partially D．properly C　[根据语境可知，此处表示但是当一个人用其成功来片面地(partially)评价你时，它就成了一个问题。occasionally“偶尔”；traditionally“传统地”；properly“恰当地”。]‎ ‎32．A．sacrifice B．value C．preserve D．limit A　[如果某人很富有但却在通往成功的路上牺牲(sacrifice)他人的利益，那么我们就不要再认为他值得钦佩了。value“重视”；preserve“维护”；limit“限制”。]‎ ‎33．A．indicate B．realize C．prove D．caution B　[我们要意识到(realize)做一个正派的人不意味着懦弱，而是象征着一种乐观、坚强的(strong)品质。此处与上文的“stop thinking”相呼应。indicate“显示”；caution“告诫，警告”。]‎ ‎34．A．creative B．elegant ‎ C．primary D．strong D　[参见上题解析。creative“有创造性的”；elegant“优雅的”；primary“主要的”。]‎ ‎35．A．aim B．tip C．warning D．example B　[如果你想知道你真正的价值所在，这儿有一条建议(tip)：它与你的银行账户没有任何关系。 ]‎ ‎36．A．something B．everything ‎ C．anything D．nothing D　[参见上题解析。have nothing to do with...是固定短语，表示“与……‎ 无关”。所以用nothing。]‎ ‎37．A．just B．even ‎ C．also D．still A　[上文提到“它与你的银行账户没有任何关系”，故此处指“它只是(just)跟……有关”。]‎ ‎38．A．relative B．stranger ‎ C．workmate D．child B　[根据上文中的“how many times you've been there for your friends”可知，前面说到对朋友随叫随到，这里应该说对陌生人(stranger)友好。]‎ ‎39．A．surprising B．important ‎ C．selfless D．necessary C　[此处承接上文，仍是在描述人的美好品质，故selfless“无私的”符合语境。]‎ ‎40．A．how B．where ‎ C．what D．when B　[此处表示无论一个人在生活中处于何种阶段你都应该尊重他。no matter where在此引导让步状语从句。]‎ ‎【八】‎ Sometimes，you are stuck in traffic，anxious about getting a job，or stressed about making a deadline at work. 41 as these situations are，they are also opportunities to 42 kindness and gratitude. Responding gently and thankfully will not 43 make these situations go away，but it can help you be happier and 44 ．‎ Like someone who 45 as part of their work，I find that when I practice being kind and grateful during my travel，I am often more pleased and the travel is a much more 46 experience.‎ The mental and physical 47 of kindness and gratitude are great.Such simple practices not only make you feel good， 48 they can also help protect your immune system，reduce stress and anxiety，and strengthen selfcontrol.And 49 ，the person who is giving，the person who is receiving and the people who are ‎ witnessing all benefit from 50 of kindness and gratitude.‎ However，being kind and 51 is not a replacement for working toward important goals，or dealing with challenges.Practicing kindness and appreciation is a way to 52 the quality of your experience and relationships while you are doing these things. 53 your brain may tell you，your ability to be kind and grateful is not 54 upon either your circumstances or how you feel. 55 fact，kindness and gratitude are available to you whenever you choose to practice them.‎ During your lifetime many things will happen. You will experience some of them as pleasant and comfortable and others as 56 and unwanted. You do not have control over the circumstances that life 57 ，but you do have a choice about how you 58 to them. Reacting to whatever 59 up with kindness and gratitude is a powerful 60 ，a choice supported by hundreds of scientific research studies and recommended in every lasting wisdom tradition for thousands of years.‎ What will you choose?‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。生活中会遇到各种各样的事情，有令人不快的，也有令人开心的。不管遇到什么样的事情，我们都应当以感激和善意的态度去面对。‎ ‎41．A．Undoubted　　　 B．Unfortunate C．Undesirable D．Unusual C　[根据上句可知，有时你会遇到交通堵塞，急着找工作，或者为赶工作进度而着急。根据常识可知，这些情况都是令人不快的，C项意为“令人不快的，不受欢迎的”，符合语境。]‎ ‎42．A．practice B．acknowledge C．exchange D．distinguish A　[根据下文中的“thankfully...it can help you be happier”以及第二段第一句中的“practice”可知，尽管这些情况令人不快，但也是练习保持善意、感激心态的机会。A项意为“实践，练习”，符合语境。]‎ ‎43．A．specially B．deliberately C．alternatively D．necessarily D　[根据该句中“but”表达的语境可知，温和而感激地回应不一定会消除 这些令人不快的情形。D项意为“必然地，必要地”，符合语境。]‎ ‎44．A．healthier B．thinner C．taller D．wiser A　[根据第三段中的“help protect your immune system”可知，温和而感激地回应这些令人不快的情形不一定会消除它们，但是这会使你更快乐、更健康。A项意为“更健康的”，符合语境。]‎ ‎45．A．reads B．travels C．types D．drives B　[根据该句中的“during my travel...the travel”可知，出差是“我”工作的一部分。]‎ ‎46．A．disappointing B．enjoyable C．practical D．precious B　[根据该句中的“I am often more pleased and...”可知，如果在出差过程中保持感激、善意、美好的心态，那么“我”会更加高兴，本次旅程也会是令人更加愉快的经历。空格处与“pleased”并列。B项意为“令人愉快的”，符合语境。]‎ ‎47．A．conditions B．shortcomings C．benefits D．standards C　[根据上下文可知，善意和感激所带来的身体和精神上的好处是巨大的。C项意为“好处”，符合语境。]‎ ‎48．A．so B．while C．and D．but D　[根据该句中的“not only”可知，这种简单的实践不但使你感觉良好，还能有助于保护你的免疫系统。not only...but(also)意为“不但……而且”，为固定搭配。故D项正确。]‎ ‎49．A．further B．worse C．sooner D．clearer A　[根据上文可知，这种简单的实践不但使你感觉良好，还能有助于保护你的免疫系统；根据下文可知，付出的、接受的和见证的人都从善意和感激的表达中获益；根据空格处上下文的句意可知，‎ 上下文表示递进关系。A项意为“更进一步”，符合语境。]‎ ‎50．A．descriptions B．attractions C．expressions D．expectations C　[根据语境可知，付出的人、接受的人和见证此过程的人都从善意和感激的表达中获益。C项意为“表达”，符合语境。]‎ ‎51．A．careful B．grateful C．thoughtful D．doubtful B　[根据上句中的“kindness and gratitude”并结合该句中的“being kind and”可知，空格处应为gratitude的形容词形式，即grateful，意为“感激的”。故B项正确。]‎ ‎52．A．improve B．identify C．lower D．concern A　[根据上句中的“However”和“not”表达的语境可知，善意和感激的行为是提高你的体验质量和改善人际关系的方式。A项意为“改善，提高”，符合语境。]‎ ‎53．A．Whichever B．Wherever C．Whatever D．Whenever C　[句意：无论你的大脑告诉你什么，你表达善意和感激的能力既不取决于你周围的环境，也不取决于你的感觉。分析该句结构可知，空格处作“tell”的宾语，表示“无论什么”。故C项正确。]‎ ‎54．A．focused B．called C．looked D．dependent D　[参见上题解析。be dependent upon为固定搭配，意为“依靠，依赖，取决于”，符合语境。故D项正确。]‎ ‎55．A．About B．In C．To D．By B　[句意：事实上，无论何时你要表达善意和感激都是可以的。in fact为固定搭配，意为“事实上”。故B项正确。]‎ ‎56．A．uncertain B．concerned C．meaningful D．difficult D　[根据该句中的“some of them as pleasant and comfortable and others as and unwanted”可知，空格处与形容词“pleasant and comfortable”相反，与句中“unwanted”相近，由此可知，它们当中有一些是令人愉快让人舒心的，另一些则是困难的、人们不想要的。D项意为“困难的”，符合语境。]‎ ‎57．A．presents B．caters C．demands D．supplies A　[句意：你无法控制生活给予的环境，但是你可以选择对此做出何种反应。A项意为“给予，呈现”，符合语境。]‎ ‎58．A．contribute B．respond C．admit D．appeal B　[参见上题解析。B项意为“反应”，符合语境。]‎ ‎59．A．keeps B．puts C．builds D．turns D　[根据上句中的“the circumstances”表达的语境可知，不管生活中出现什么，都要以善意和感激的心态去对待，那是一个有力的选择。turn up为固定搭配，意为“出现”，符合语境。]‎ ‎60．A．attitude B．tool C．choice D．influence C　[根据该句中的“a choice”可知，不管生活中出现什么，都要以善意和感激的心态去对待，那是一个有力的选择。C项意为“选择”，符合语境。]‎ ‎ ‎