高考英语二轮复习专题二完型填空第三节题组训练8说明文

高考英语二轮复习专题二完型填空第三节题组训练8说明文

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 第三节 题组训练 8 说明文 1 (2017·黑龙江哈尔滨六中三模) New genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive humanmade climate warming in the coming century，contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out.A study， 1 in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution，reveals the 2 age of some Amazonian tree species—more than 8 million years—and 3 shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming imagined periods 4 for the year 2100. The authors write that，having survived warm periods in the past，the trees will 5 survive future warming，provided there are no other major environmental changes. 6 extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures 7 ， the trees will stand the direct impact of higher temperatures.The authors 8 that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the risk of drought and fire， conservation policy should remain 9 on preventing deforestation(采伐森林) for agriculture and mining. The study disagrees with other recent researches which predicted tree species’ extinctions 10 relatively small increases in global average air temperatures. Study coauthor Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the 11 were good news for Amazon tree species，but warned that drought and overexploitation of the forest remained major 12 to the Amazon’s future. Dr Lewis said，“The past cannot be compared directly with the future.While tree species seem likely to 13 higher air temperatures than today，the Amazon forest is being transformed for agriculture and 14 ，and what remains is being degraded(使 恶化) by logging(伐木)，and increasingly split up by fields and roads. “Species will not move as freely in today’s Amazon as they did in previous warm periods，when there was no human 15 .Similarly，today’s climate change is extremely fast，making comparisons with slower changes in the past 16 .” “With a clearer 17 of the relative risks to the Amazon forest，we 18 that direct human impacts—such as forest clearances for agriculture or mining—should remain a key point of conservation policy.We also need more aggressive 19 to 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to make minimum the risk of drought and fire impacts and 20 the future of most Amazon tree species.” 语篇解读 本文主要讲了一项最新的研究，研究表明气候变暖不会使亚马逊古代树种灭绝。 1．A.advertised B．described C．published D．presented 答案 C 解析 advertise 做广告； describe 描述； publish 公布；present 呈现。此处表示：《生 物与进化》的最新版公布的一项研究。故选 C。 2．A.frightening B．surprising C．exciting D．interesting 答案 B 解析 frightening 令人害怕的；surprising 令人惊讶的；exciting 令人兴奋的； interesting 有趣的。句意为：这项研究揭示了亚马逊树种惊人的年龄。故选 B。 3．A.still B．nevertheless C．however D．therefore 答案 D 解析 句意为：这些古代树种有着超 800 多万年的树龄，因此表明了它可以幸存于和先前所 有时期一样温暖的全球气候变暖的时期，预测为 2100 年。therefore 因此。故选 D。 4．A.assess B．confirm C．forecast D．promise 答案 C 解析 assess 评定；confirm 确认；forecast 预测；promise 允许。由上题解析可知选 C。 5．A.particularly B．probably C．merely D．possibly 答案 B 解析 句意为：作者写道，亚马逊的树种曾在高温气候中生存下来，所以将来也有可能在气 温升高的气候中存活。故选 B。 6．A.Since B．Although C．When D．If 答案 B 解析 句意为：虽然随着温度的升高，严重的干旱及森林火灾将会影响亚马逊流域，但这些 树木将会忍受更高温度的直接影响。故选 B。 7．A.rise B．change 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 C．drop D．end 答案 A 解析 rise 升高；change 变化；drop 掉落；end 结束。由本句末的“higher temperatures” 可知应是温度升高。故选 A。 8．A.consider B．decide C．guarantee D．recommend 答案 D 解析 consider 考虑；decide 决定； guarantee 保证；recommend 推荐，建议。后面是作 者的建议，故选 D。 9．A.based B．built C．focused D．made 答案 C 解析 base 以……基础；build 建筑；focus 集中；make 制作。句意为：保护措施应当仍然 集中于防止为了农业和矿业的发展而采伐森林。故选 C。 10．A.in relation to B．in response to C．in reply to D．in reference to 答案 B 解析 in relation to 关于，涉及；in response to 响应，回答，对……做出反应；in reply to 答复……；in reference to 关于。句意为：这项研究与最近其他研究不同的是他们预测 树种的灭绝是对相对小幅度的全球平均气温升高的反应。故选 B。 11．A.findings B．thoughts C．inventions D．writings 答案 A 解析 finding 发现；thought 想法；invention 发明；writing 作品。句意为：教授说这些 发现对于亚马逊树种来说是一个好消息，但他警告称干旱和过度采伐森林对于亚马逊的未来 来说仍然是主要的威胁。故选 A。 12．A.threats B．disadvantages C．embarrassments D．instructions 答案 A 解析 threat 威胁； disadvantage 不利条件；embarrassment 窘境；instruction 说明，指 示。由上题解析可知选 A。 13．A.accept B．tolerate C．permit D．require 答案 B 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 解析 accept 接受；tolerate 容忍，忍耐；permit 允许；require 要求。 句意为：虽然 树种好像能忍耐比现在更高的温度，但亚马逊森林正在向农业和矿业转变。故选 B。 14．A.farming B．planting C．catering D．mining 答案 D 解析 farming 畜牧业；planting 种植业；catering 服务业；mining 矿业。由第二段最后 一句中的“deforestation(采伐森林) for agriculture and mining”可知选 D。 15．A.power B．influence C．desire D．violence 答案 B 解析 power 力量； influence 影响； desire 欲望； violence 暴力。句意为：当这里没 有人类影响的时候。故选 B。 16．A.difficult B．clear C．easy D．important 答案 A 解析 句意为：现在气候变化极快，使之与过去缓慢的变化比较起来很难。故选 A。 17．A.belief B．direction C．understanding D．suggestion 答案 C 解析 句意为：更清楚地理解了亚马逊森林所面对的危险，我们推断出人类直接的影响，比 如为了农、矿业而采伐森林，仍是保护政策的重点。 18．A.doubt B．conclude C．calculate D．prefer 答案 B 解析 conclude 推断，做结论。由上题解析可知选 B。 19．A.thought B．guidance C．protection D．action 答案 D 解析 句意为：为了把干旱和火灾的风险降到最低并保护亚马逊树种的未来，我们也需要更 多积极的行动来减少温室气体的排放。action 行动。 20．A.secure B．advance C．sacrifice D．evaluate 答案 A 解析 secure 保护，使安全。由上题解析可知选 A。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 2 (2017·安徽黄山二次质检) Men and women may have different experiences in shopping for clothes. A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settled and decided in 21 .He knows what he wants，and his 22 is to find it and buy it.All men 23 walk into a shop and ask the shop assistant for what they want.If the shop has it in stock(库存)，the deal can be done and 24 is completed in less than five minutes，with hardly any chat to everyone’s 25 . For a man，slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants.In that 26 ，the salesman tries to sell the customer something else—he 27 the nearest to the article required.A good salesman brings out such a substitute(替代 品) 28 ；he may say，“I know this jacket is not the style you want，sir，but would you like to try it for size？It 29 to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have 30 with this treatment，and the usual answer is：“This is the right color and may be the right size，but I shouldn’t be 31 my time and yours by trying it on.” For a woman，buying clothes is always done in the 32 way.Her shopping is not often 33 on need.She has never fully decided what she wants，and she is only “having a look around”．She is always 34 to persuasion，willing to try on any number of things.Deep in her mind is the thought of finding something that 35 thinks suits her.Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected 36 .Faced with a roomful of dresses，a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another 37 selecting the dress she wants to 38 .It is a tiresome process，but clearly a(n) 39 one.Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting 40 . 语篇解读 本文为说明文。文章介绍了男女在购物方面的不同表现。 21．A.detail B．hurry C．advance D．mind 答案 C 解析 根据下句“He knows what he wants...”可知男人购物时，他们要买的东西预先(in advance)就决定好了。 22．A.advice B．goal 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 C．demand D．question 答案 B 解析 既然他知道他想要什么，因此他的目标(goal)就是发现它并购买。advice 建议；demand 要求；question 问题。 23．A.quickly B．immediately C．soon D．simply 答案 D 解析 所有的男士只是(simply)走进商店向售货员要他们想要的东西。quickly 迅速地； immediately 立即；soon 不久。 24．A.often B．constantly C．normally D．finally 答案 A 解析 如果商店有现货就可以进行交易，交易过程常常(often)在不到 5 分钟之内就可完成， 几乎没有闲聊且皆大欢喜(to everyone’s satisfaction)。constantly 不停地；normally 正常地，一般地；finally 最后。 25．A.confidence B．amusement C．satisfaction D．surprise 答案 C 解析 解析见上题。confidence 信心；amusement 娱乐；satisfaction 满意；surprise 惊奇。 26．A.time B．event C．situation D．case 答案 D 解析 如果那样的话(in that case)，售货员就会竭尽全力卖给顾客其他东西——售货员会 把离这位男顾客想要的东西最近的那件提供(offer)给他。 27．A.gives B．offers C．presents D．delivers 答案 B 解析 解析见上题。give 给予；present 赠送，呈现；deliver 送(货)。 28．A.skillfully B．attentively C．actively D．carefully 答案 A 解析 好的售货员会巧妙地(skillfully)拿出这样的替代品。attentively 认真地；actively 积极地；carefully 仔细地。 29．A.occurs B．happens 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 C．comes D．takes 答案 B 解析 先生，我知道这件夹克不是你想要的款式，但是你能试一试这件看看尺码合适吗？那 碰巧(happen)是你提到的那种颜色。 30．A.patience B．interest C．expectation D．experience 答案 A 解析 根据上文男士购物特点的介绍可知：很少的男士会对这种服务有耐心(patience)。 interest 兴趣；expectation 期待；experience 经验。 31．A.losing B．spending C．giving D．wasting 答案 D 解析 这件的颜色和大小可能都合适，但我不应该通过试穿它来浪费(waste)你我的时间。 lose 丢失；spend 花费；give 给予。 32．A.same B．clever C．opposite D．similar 答案 C 解析 对于女士来说，她们总是以迥然不同的(opposite)方式购买衣服。same 相同的；clever 聪明的；similar 相似的。 33．A.relied B．based C．done D．related 答案 B 解析 女士购物经常不是基于需要。be based on 基于……；be relied on 被依赖。没有 be done on 和 be related on 结构。 34．A.open B．ready C．close D．happy 答案 A 解析 根据后半句中的“...willing to try on any number of things.”可知，女士总是 乐于接受(be open to)劝导。没有 be ready to sth.和 be happy to sth.句式，故排除 B、 D 两项；be close to sth.接近某物，不合句意，故被排除。 35．A.nobody B．somebody C．everybody D．anybody 答案 C 解析 在女性购物者内心深处是想找到每个人(everyone)都认为适合她的东西。anybody 常 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 用于否定句和疑问句，故被排除。nobody 和 somebody 不合本句句意，可直接排除。 36．A.deal B．surprise C．luck D．bargain 答案 D 解析 根据上文(大多数女性都有超高的价值意识)可推知，女性购物者总是对意外的便宜货 (bargain)很留意。deal 交易；surprise 惊奇；luck 运气。 37．A.after B．as C．before D．by 答案 C 解析 面对满屋子的衣服，女性购物者可能会很容易花一个小时从一个服装架走到另一个服 装架才(before)会选中自己想要试穿(try on)的衣服。 38．A.try on B．try out C．try up D．try for 答案 A 解析 参考上题解析。 39．A.tiring B．enjoyable C．boring D．graceful 答案 B 解析 这个过程很烦人，但对女性购物者来说显然是一种令她们很愉悦的(enjoyable)过程。 40．A.customers B．assistants C．wives D．husbands 答案 D 解析 男士不愿意购物，因此大多数服装店总是给等待女士购物的丈夫们提供椅子。