【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习查缺补漏之阅读理解篇：历史文化类

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习查缺补漏之阅读理解篇：历史文化类

历史文化类 ‎1、    Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area.Not all historical buildings are attractive.However, there may be other reasons—for example, economic(经济的) reasons—why they should be preserved.So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people.What should we do then if a new building is needed?     In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.Indeed, there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings.As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.     It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too.Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas.I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change.     Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before,we would all still be living in caves .Thus , I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different , even though that might be the more risky choice. 1.What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph? A.Some of them are not attractive. B.Most of them are too expensive to preserve. C.They are more pleasing than modern buildings. D.They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area. 2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the author? A.We should reproduce the same old buildings. B.Buildings should not dominate their surroundings. C.Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in. D.No one understands why people speak against new ‎ buildings. 3.By “move things forward” in the last paragraph , the author probably means“_________”. A.destroy old buildings B.put things in a different place C.choose new architectural styles D.respect people's feelings for historical buildings 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To explain why people dislike change. B.To warn that we could end up living in caves. C.To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings. D.To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.‎ ‎2、    The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.     Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.     Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.     Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a ‎ patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 1.What does the author say about silence in conversations? A.It implies anger. B.It promotes friendship. C.It is culture-specific. D.It is content-based. 2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A.The Chinese. B.The French. C.The Mexicans. D.The Russians. 3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A.Let it continue as the patient pleases. B.Break it while treating patients. C.Evaluate its harm to patients. D.Make use of its healing effects. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A.Sound and Silence B.What It Means to Be Silent C.Silence to Native Americans D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold ‎3、    Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited tocommunications and trade.New York City,for example,is near a large harbour at the mouthof the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered ‎ there in 1897,and two years later,it was one of the largest cities in theWest,with a population of 30,000.‎ ‎    Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundredsof miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson,however,the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich. About100 of these stayed rich men for therest of their lives.‎ ‎    But no matter how rich they were,Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like foodand wood were very expensive.But soon,the gold that Dawson depended on had all beenfound.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down,andwhen they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,they left Dawson City as quicklyas they had come.Today,people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rushhappened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.‎ ‎1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City? A.Its business culture. B.Its small population. C.Its geographical position. D.Its favourable climate.‎ ‎2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?‎ A.Two-thirds of them stayed there. B.One out of five people got rich. C.Almost everyone gave up. D.Half of them died.‎ ‎3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?‎ A.They found the city too crowded. B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere. C.They were unable to stand the winter. D.They were short of food.‎ ‎4.What is the text mainly about?‎ A.The rise and fall of a city. B.The gold rush in Canada. C.Journeys into the wilderness. D.Tourism in Dawson.‎ ‎4、    That woman carried a new blanket (毛毯) over her arm. Wordlessly, she gave it to me. ‎ ‎    “Is it finished?” I asked. She shook her head. “No. It is ready,” she replied. I handed her the money and took the blanket. “It is beautiful, so skillfully woven (编织),” I said to my mother. “But what did she mean when she said it was not finished? How can it be ready if it is not finished?”“I will tell you later,” my mother said, “but first I will take you to the Navajo(纳瓦霍) village.” ‎ ‎     We went down to the village. A group of young men were making sand pictures. We walked through the whole village, watching the different things the people were doing. ‎ It was not until that evening that my mother finally explained the Navajo woman's words. ‎ ‎    “Did you notice anything about the things the people were making?” my mother asked. “What should I have noticed?” I looked at her and asked. “Each thing the Navajo make has one small part that is not complete. The designs in their sand pictures are often not perfectly done, for example —the line of a circle may not quite close. If you look carefully at your blanket, you will probably find a stitch (一针) missing.” ‎ ‎    I took the blanket off, but it looked as perfect as any design could be. Then suddenly, I noticed that sure enough a stitch was missing! “But why do the Navajo intentionally leave some tiny part unfinished?” I asked. “They believe that when anything is completed or finished, it means the end has come —it will not be perfect until then. Then too, with a circle, they believe that they must leave a pathway for the bad spirits to run away and the good spirits to come in. So, often, they do not make the line close.” 1.The blanket the author received_____ . A.was poorly woven. B.made her think a lot. C.cost her a lot of money. D.was finished, but not ‎ ready. 2.Why was the author shown around the village? A.To buy more things made by the Navajo. B.To make friends with some of the Navajo. C.To have a deeper understanding of the Navajo. D.To look for the woman who sold her the blanket. 3.Which of the following may the Navajo believe? A.A stitch in time is very important. B.Life only becomes perfect when you die. C.He who makes no mistake is a perfect man. D.You must always try to make your life complete. 4.What’s the main idea of the text? A.The Navajo are good at making things. B.The Navajo are brave and hard-working. C.A blanket tells a lot about the Navajo culture. D.Skills are needed to do business with the Navajo.‎ ‎5    The English have a difficult and, generally speaking, dysfunctional (怪异的) relationship with clothes. Their main problem is that they have a desperate need for rules, and are unable to get along without them. This helps to explain why they have an international reputation for dressing in general very badly, but with specific areas of excellence, such as high-class men’s suits, ceremonial costumes, and innovative (革新的) street fashion. In other words, we English dress best when we are “in uniform”.‎ ‎    You may be surprised that I am including “innovative street fashion” in the category of the uniform. Surely the parrot-haired punks (朋克摇滚乐迷) or the Victorian vampire goths are being original, not following rules? It’s true that they all look different and eccentric (古怪的) but in fact they all look eccentric exactly in the same way. They are wearing a uniform. The only truly eccentric dresser in this country is the Queen, who pays no attention to fashion and continues to wear what she likes, a kind of 1950s fashion, with no regard for anyone else’s opinion. However, it is true that the styles invented by young English people are much more eccentric than any other nation’s street fashion. We may not be individually eccentric, apart from the Queen, but we have a ‎ sort of collective eccentricity, and ye appreciate originality in dress even if we do not individually have it.‎ ‎    Another “rule” of behavior I had discovered was that it is very important for the English not to take themselves too seriously, to be able to laugh at themselves. However, it is well known that most teenagers tend to take themselves a bit too seriously.‎ ‎    The goths, in their scary black costumes, certainly look as if they are taking themselves seriously. But when I got into conversation with them, I discovered that they too had a sense of humor. I was once chatting to a goth in the full vampire costume—with a white face, deep purple lipstick, and black parrot-hair. I saw he was also wearing a T-shirt with “Goth”. “Why are you wearing that?” I asked. “In case you don’t realize I’m a goth.” he answered, pretending to be serious. We both burst out laughing.‎ ‎1.What can we know about the English people? A.They need rules to dress well. B.They are in need of uniforms. C.They are creative in general. D.They lead the world trend. 2.Who is individually eccentric in dressing? A.A high-class man. B.A parrot-haired punk. C.The Queen. D.The fashion innovator. 3.Which of the following can best describe the goths? A.They dress badly. B.They dress in an amusing way. C.They are unable to laugh at the way they dress. D.They are less fashionable than the other English people. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A.How the English Dress B.How the English Admire ‎ Fashion C.Why the English Like Uniforms D.Why the English Are Eccentric in Dress ‎6、   As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.‎ ‎   Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.‎ ‎   In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.‎ ‎   The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.‎ ‎   The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.‎ ‎   Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”‎ ‎1.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?‎ A.To explain Americans' love for travelling by car. B.To show the influence of cars on American culture. C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans. D.To praise the effectiveness of America's road system.‎ ‎2.What has the use of cars in America led to?‎ A.Decline of economy. B.Environmental problems. C.A shortage of oil supply. D.A farm-based society.‎ ‎3.What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?‎ A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.‎ ‎7、    If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but sinceit has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.     Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.     There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.     At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.     Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent. 1.What can people do at the apple ‎ events? A.Attend experts’ lectures. B.Visit fruit-loving families. C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D.Taste many kinds of apples. 2.What can we learn about Decio? A.It is a new variety. B.It has a strange look. C.It is rarely seen now. D.It has a special taste. 3.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean? A.A practical idea. B.A vain hope. C.A brilliant plan. D.A selfish desire. 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A.To show how to grow apples. B.To introduce an apple festival. C.To help people select apples. D.To promote apple research.‎ ‎8、    Many Americans buy an evergreen tree for Christmas. They put the tree in their home and hang small lights and colorful objects on it. The evergreen is usually a pine or a fir tree (冷杉树). It remains green during the cold, dark months of winter in the northern part of the world. So it is a sign of everlasting life.‎ ‎    Early long ago Romans probably planted evergreen trees during a celebration in honor of their god of agriculture. The Christmas tree may have developed from a popular play performed hundreds of years ago in what is now Germany. Traditionally, the play was on December twenty-fourth, the day before Christmas. The play was about the first people that God created—Adam and Eve. People put apples on an evergreen tree to represent the tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden.‎ ‎    By the year 1600, some Germans began bringing evergreen trees into their homes. They put fruit, nuts and sweets on the trees. They shared the food among family members and friends after the holiday season. Some people say the German religious reformer (改革者)Martin Luther was the first person to add lighted candles to a tree. They say he did this to show how wonderful the stars had appeared as he traveled one night.‎ ‎    In the early 1800's, German settlers in the state of Pennsylvania were the first to celebrate the holiday with Christmas trees in the United States. The Christmas tree tradition spread to many parts of the world. Today, some form of the Christmas tree is part of most Christmas celebrations.‎ ‎1.Why do people choose the evergreen tree for the Christmas tree? A.It can be put in the home easily. B.It can be found everywhere in winter. C.It's convenient for people to put things on it. D.It's evergreen and considered to represent long life. 2.What can we learn from the second paragraph? A.The Christmas tree dates back to ancient times. B.It was in a film that the Christmas tree was first used. C.Early Romans honored the god of agriculture with trees. D.The Christmas tree was regarded as the tree of knowledge. 3.We can learn from the passage that ______. A.German settlers celebrate the holiday with fir trees B.Germans would share the food on the trees at Christmas C.many people in the world follow the Christmas tree tradition D.Martin Luther was the first person to decorate the Christmas tree 4.What's the best title of this passage? A.The long history of Christmas B.The traditions behind the Christmas tree C.The use of evergreen trees during Christmas D.Evergreen trees, the sign of everlasting life ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.C; 4.D 解析：1.【语篇导读】历史遗址是一个地方的文化瑰宝,在它的旁边是否可以修建现代化的建筑呢?不同的人有不同的意见,看看作者是从什么角度来进行辩论的。 根据第一段中“Not all historical buildings are attractive”,可知A正确。 考点定位: 考查细节理解。 2.根据第二段中“It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too.”可知现代建筑和古代建筑一样都会破坏周围的地区。可知答案C正确。 考点定位:考查推理判断。 3.最后一段讲如果我们不创新,我们沿用古老的建筑风格,那么我们今天还生活在山洞里。“move things forward”在这句话里指“建筑师有责任进行革新,创造新的建筑风格。”故答案选C。 考点定位:考查句子含义。 4.根据第一段中第一句提出问题“Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city?”现代建筑应该建筑古建筑旁吗?然后下面的文字来回答论证这一问题。故答案选D。 【长难句分析】As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.只要讨论中的建筑令人愉悦,不太影响它周围的环境,它通常会提升这个地区的吸引力。 该句为复合句。句中as long as引导条件状语从句;in question表示“在讨论中”。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B 解析：1.本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。在有些时候,人们利用沉默来解决人们之间的冲突,而在有些时候沉默则被认为表示顽固或者是担忧。 细节理解题。根据文章首段首句The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups可知,作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。故选C。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段中 what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to ‎ consider what has been said before continuing 可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容。故选A。 3.细节理解题。根据末段末句 A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知,作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病人。故选D 。 4.主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义,由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B 。考点:社会生活类短文阅读。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.B; 4.A 解析： ‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。 ‎ ‎1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.可知,人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便,便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口,故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置,故C正确。 ‎ ‎2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.可知,在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有,所以是五分之一的人变富了,故B正确。 ‎ ‎3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.可知,人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金,也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。 ‎ ‎4. 主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因,引出Dawson这一城市的兴起,第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因,第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况,所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。 ‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 主旨大意题的解题技巧:一篇文章都是围绕着一个中心思想或一个话题展开的,因此,有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词。抓住了它,‎ 便容易抓住文章的中心。通读全文可知,文章主要围绕Dawson的发展展开,Dawson反复出现,再根据每一段的段首句可以总结出,文章第一段通过城市发展的原因引出Dawson,第二段介绍Dawson发展的原因,第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况,从而总结出文章的主旨大意。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.C 解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段“But what did she mean when she said it was not finished? How can it be ready if it is not finished?" 可知,买到的这个毯子让作者想到了很多,故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据文中第二段第三句“We walked through ihe whole village, watching the different things the people were doing.”以及下文的“Each thing the Navajo make has one small part that is not complete... you will probably find a stitch (—针) missing.”可知,作者的母亲主要是为了让作者深入了解纳瓦霍人。故选C。 3.推理判断题。阅读短文可知纳瓦霍人认为一切都不是完美的, 只有当一件事情终结的时候才算得上完美。故选B。 4.主旨大意题。阅读短文可知作者主要通过一条毯子讲述了Navajo文化中的一些特点。故选项C符合本文主题。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案： 1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A 解析： 1.细节推理题。根据第一段Their main problem is dial they have a desperate need for rules, and are unable to get along without them.可知,英国人在穿衣方面有规则束缚,故选A。 2.细节推理题。根据第二段The only truly eccentric dresser in this country is the Queen, who pays no attention to fashion and continues to wear what she likes, a kind of 1950s fashion, with no regard for anyone else’s opinion.和We may not be individually eccentric, apart from the Queen可知,在穿衣方面真正奇特的是女王,女王对时尚毫不在意,继续穿着她喜欢的衣服,一种20世纪50年代的时尚,不考虑别人的意见。故选C。 3.推理判断题。根据最后一段The Goths, in their scaring black costumes, certainly look as if they are taking themselves seriously.和I was once chatting to a Goth in the full vampire costume--with a white face, deep purple lipstick, and black parrot-hair. I saw he was also wearing a T-shirt with ‎ “Goth”.可知,The Goths的穿着很有趣,故选B。 4.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了英国各类人穿衣的特点,其共性和个性。故A项“英国人如何穿着”最适合作文章文章。故选A。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.C 解析：文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用,也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。‎ ‎1.  推理判断题。根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知,现代美国诞生于公路和汽车,汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响,故选B。‎ ‎2. 细节理解题。根据第四段The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知,美国汽车的迅速发展,导致全球生态灾难,也就是造成环境问题。故选B。‎ ‎3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.和最后一段中的Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.可见,Friedman虽然对未来担心,但抱有最好的希望,他指出了发展绿色经济是保持美国实力的一个机会的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的,故选C。‎ 点睛:细节理解题的具体方法:‎ ‎1.略读材料,大概了解原文,掌握中心或主旨。‎ ‎2. 按文章的体裁,作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。‎ ‎3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上.快速通篇跳读.全文扫视.找到细节出处。待找到含细节句子时.放慢速度,仔细核对比较内容,直至找到答案。如小题1要求分析第二段提到hamburger的作用.根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shapedsome of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard,the motel, even the hamburger可知,现代美国诞生于公路和汽车,‎ 汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.B 解析：1.作者向人们介绍了一个节日—Apple Day。由于这个节日非常受欢迎,现在已经演变成“苹果月”了。在英国,人们在十月份庆祝该节日,持续大约一个月的时间。 细节理解题。根据第二段“Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.”可知,参加相关的庆祝活动的人们可以品尝各种各样的苹果,故选D。 2.推理判断题。A选项“Decio是一个新品种”与第二段中的“it can be... still in existence”不一致,且由这句话可知Decio现在比较罕见,故C项正确;文中并未提及Decio的外形奇异, 故B项错误;D选项“ It has a special taste.”与第二段中的"Although it doesn't taste of anything special, it's still worth a try” 表述相反.故D项错误。 3.猜测词义题。根据第二段”to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio”可知,Decio是许多仍然存在的经典苹果种类之一,根据”which si more of a curiosity than anything else”可知,人们品尝它是出于好奇心,故选B。 4.写作意图题。根据第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. ”和最后一段“If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.”可知,作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day,并推荐人们参加这个节日,故选B。 考点:‎ 生活故事类短文阅读 ‎ ‎ ‎8答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B 解析：1.推理判断题.根据第一段的It remains green during the cold, dark months of winter in the northern part of the world. So it is a sign of everlasting We.可知,常青树木在世界北部寒冷、阴暗的冬季仍然保持绿色。因此,它是长寿永生的象征。所以很多美国人为圣诞节购买常青树木。‎ ‎ 2.推理判断题。根据第二段的 Early long ago Romans probably planted evergreen trees during a celebration in honor of their god of agriculture. 可知,圣诞树的传统可追溯到古时候。 C有一定干扰性,罗马人用常青树祭祀农业之神而不是用其他树。 3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的The Christmas tree tradition spread to many parts the world.可知,现在世界上很多人都用圣诞树庆祝圣诞节. 4.主旨大意题.文章主要讲了圣诞树背后的一些传统。其他选项只是文章的细节,而不是全文讲述的主旨。‎ ‎ ‎