福建省龙岩市2020届高三毕业班教学质量检测（二）英语试题 Word版含解析

福建省龙岩市2020届高三毕业班教学质量检测（二）英语试题 Word版含解析

www.ks5u.com 龙岩市2020年高中毕业班教学质量检查 英语试题 本试卷分第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共10页，满分150分。考试时间120分钟，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。‎ 注意事项：‎ ‎1.答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。‎ ‎2.第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。‎ ‎3.第Ⅱ卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。‎ 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）‎ 第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ 例:How much is the shirt? ‎ A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. ‎ 答案是C。‎ ‎1. Where is the daughter's new phone number? ‎ A. In the address book. B. On a letter. C. In a notebook. ‎ ‎2. What has the woman forgotten to do? ‎ A. Order the birthday cake. ‎ B. Plan a party. ‎ C. Pick Sarah up from school. ‎ ‎3. How many classes does the girl have on Monday? ‎ A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. ‎ ‎4. Which aspect of yoga does the man doubt? ‎ - 27 -‎ A. Keeping fit. B. Losing weight. C. Giving happiness. ‎ ‎5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? ‎ A. Ways of cooking. B. Cleaning techniques. C. Routine housework. ‎ 第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? ‎ A. Classmates. B. Doctor and patient. C. Teacher and student. ‎ ‎7. What field does the girl want to work in? ‎ A. Law. B. Education. C. Health. ‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。‎ ‎8. How does the woman feel? ‎ A. Sad. B. Delighted. C. Disappointed. ‎ ‎9. Why does the woman decide not to go to Spain? ‎ A. It's expensive for shopping there. ‎ B. The weather is always terrible there. ‎ C. There are too many people at the beaches there. ‎ 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。‎ ‎10. What is the furthest away from the treehouse? ‎ A. The harbor. B. The lakes. C. The beach. ‎ ‎11. At what height will the new treehouse be built? ‎ A. Three meters. B. Four meters. C. Eight meters. ‎ ‎12. Who needs to go home right away? ‎ A. Keith. B. Steven. C. Kevin. ‎ 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。‎ ‎13. Where are the speakers? ‎ A. On a skyscraper. B. On a mountain. C. On a beach. ‎ ‎14. What will be the biggest problem going back down? ‎ A. The ice sheet. B. The rock face. C. The deep valley. ‎ - 27 -‎ ‎15. What view impresses the woman most? ‎ A. The Northern Lights. B. The sea. C. The city. ‎ ‎16. When is the conversation taking place? ‎ A. In the evening. B. In the afternoon. C. In the morning. ‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17. What did Charlie save money for? ‎ A. A bike. B. The education fee. C. An operation. ‎ ‎18. How much did Charlie make in his second week? ‎ A. $50. B. $100. C. $300. ‎ ‎19. What word can describe Charlie? ‎ A. Stupid. B. Confident. C. Selfless. ‎ ‎20. Why did Charlie cry in the end? ‎ A. He didn't have enough money. ‎ B. His grandpa was healthy again. ‎ C. He was moved by his neighbors. ‎ 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Four Inspiring Movies Forrest Gump（1992）‎ Forrest Gump is a simple man with a low IQ but good intentions. This movie follows the fictional story in which the simple man makes his way through some of the more turbulent（动荡的）times from the 1960s through 1980s. This film took home six Oscars, inspired a “Weird Al” song, and proves that a big heart is the most important thing. ‎ It's a Wonderful Life（1946）‎ No movie list would be complete without a nod to the past. Let's go with this Christmas classic, about a man with serious financial troubles who intends to commit ‎ - 27 -‎ suicide（自杀）by jumping off a bridge. His guardian angel Clarence Odbody stops him and tells him what life would have been like for those close to him had he never been born. Realizing how much he means to others, he rushes back home and all sorts of happy, inspirational, Christmassy things happen. ‎ Dead Poet's Society（1990）‎ John Keating（Robin Williams）is a high school English literature teacher at a famous all-male boarding school who gets into trouble with the school administration after encouraging his students to challenge authority and think for themselves. It is certainly inspirational, if not also frustratingly sad. ‎ A Beautiful Mind（2001）‎ This movie tells the story of John Nash（Russell Crowe）, a professor at Princeton, a US university, who revolutionized the field of game theory and fell into madness as a result of paranoid schizophrenia（精神分裂症）. With the love and support of his family as well as the help of medical professionals, he managed to overcome his mental illness and continued to make contributions to the field of mathematics.‎ ‎1. What can we know about It's a Wonderful Life?‎ A. It proves a big heart important.‎ B. It has a happy ending.‎ C. It tells a story of friendship.‎ D. It is famous for the leading role.‎ ‎2. Which film are Robin Williams' fans more likely to watch?‎ A. Forrest Gump. B. I's a Wonderful Life.‎ C. Dead Poet's Society. D. A Beautiful Mind.‎ ‎3. At the end of A Beautiful Mind，the professor___________‎ A. became a famous expert in psychology B. got his family's support for studying game theory C. gained lots of experience in treating schizophrenia D. defeated the disease and went on to pursue maths ‎【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D - 27 -‎ ‎【解析】‎ 这是一则电影广告。文章介绍了四部鼓舞人心的电影。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据It's a Wonderful Life（1946）中Realizing how much he means to others, he rushes back home and all sorts of happy, inspirational, Christmassy things happen. “意识到自己对别人有多重要，他急忙回家，各种各样的快乐，鼓舞人心，圣诞节般的事情发生了。”由此判断出，“It's a Wonderful Life”有一个快乐的结尾。故选B。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据Dead Poet's Society（1990）中John Keating（Robin Williams）is a high school English literature teacher at a famous all-male boarding school who gets into trouble with the school administration after encouraging his students to challenge authority and think for themselves. It is certainly inspirational, if not also frustratingly sad. “约翰·基廷(罗宾·威廉姆斯饰)是一所著名寄宿男校的高中英语文学老师，他鼓励学生挑战权威、独立思考，却因此惹上了学校管理的麻烦。它肯定是鼓舞人心的，如果不是也令人沮丧的悲伤。”由此判断出，Robin Williams的粉丝更有可能观看电影Dead Poet's Society.故选C。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据A Beautiful Mind（2001）中With the love and support of his family as well as the help of medical professionals, he managed to overcome his mental illness and continued to make contributions to the field of mathematics.“在家人的关爱和支持以及医学专业人士的帮助下，他成功地克服了精神疾病，并继续在数学领域做出贡献。”由此可知，在《美丽心灵》一书的结尾，教授战胜了疾病，继续追求数学。故选D。‎ B In the 1970s, chemist James Lovelock and microbiologist Lynn Margulis developed the Gaia hypothesis（盖亚假说）: all organic and inorganic components on the planet are part of one self-regulating system, working to maintain life on earth. Scientists agree that we need take significant action to control emissions（排放）. But where scientists and popular movements have thus far failed to convince the world to act, it seems that Mother Earth may have succeeded, with the never-before-seen COVID-19. ‎ COVID-19 is estimated to have reduced carbon dioxide emission in China by a ‎ - 27 -‎ quarter. It caused factories to shut down, and slowed construction activities. Recent analysis shows a 70 percent drop in flights in February compared with January. And even getting into a car and going to a restaurant, shopping mall, or concert poses a risk of infection, which means that many people are choosing to stay at home and are consuming less, resulting in a significant reduction of their carbon footprints. ‎ Of course, China and the rest of the world will hope to restart normal production and consumption as soon as the virus is under control. However, some positive measures have already been taken as a result of COVID-19. As the virus is thought to originate from wildlife, Chinese authorities are revising laws and regulations regarding the country's massive wildlife trade in order to prevent future epidemics（流行病）—a win for biodiversity. ‎ The deaths of thousands of people worldwide should also serve as a lasting reminder of the fragility of life. We humans frequently ignore or repress uncomfortable thoughts of death and extinction. We would rather get on with our lives as usual, thinking everything will somehow work out in the end. Only in the face of suffering and death are we forced to view the bigger, longer-term perspective—and this is what is needed in order to react appropriately to climate change. COVID-19 has sent alarm bells ringing throughout the world.‎ ‎4. What does the author mention the Gaia hypothesis for?‎ A. To tell the main idea of the text.‎ B. To introduce the topic for discussion.‎ C. To show the need to protect the planet.‎ D. To stress the importance of self-regulating system.‎ ‎5. What is the second paragraph mainly about?‎ A. The unexpected benefit of COVID-19.‎ B. The economic influence of COVID-19.‎ C. The preventive measures for COVID-19.‎ D. The possible causes of COVID-19.‎ ‎6. What does the underlined word "repress" in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A. Control. B. Hold.‎ - 27 -‎ C. Vary. D. Test.‎ ‎7. What does the writer want to tell us in the text?‎ A. It's urgent to fight the virus.‎ B. The virus has caused many deaths.‎ C. Life is fragile in face of disasters.‎ D. Action is needed for climate change.‎ ‎【答案】4. B 5. A 6. A 7. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。盖亚假说认为全球生态系统，其运作机制被认为类似一个巨大的自调节有机体；在这个系统中，所有生命体一起定义并维持地球上有利于生命存续的条件。科学家们一致认为，我们需要采取重大行动来控制排放。但是，尽管科学家和民众运动迄今未能说服世界采取行动，地球母亲似乎已经成功了，带来了前所未见的新型冠状病毒肺炎。新型冠状病毒肺炎给人们带来可灾难，这为人类敲响了警钟，气候变化需要人类采取行动。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段In the 1970s, chemist James Lovelock and microbiologist Lynn Margulis developed the Gaia hypothesis（盖亚假说）: all organic and inorganic components on the planet are part of one self-regulating system, working to maintain life on earth. Scientists agree that we need take significant action to control emissions（排放）. But where scientists and popular movements have thus far failed to convince the world to act, it seems that Mother Earth may have succeeded, with the never-before-seen COVID-19. “20世纪70年代，化学家詹姆斯·洛夫洛克和微生物学家林恩·马古利斯提出了盖亚假说:地球上所有的有机和无机成分都是一个自我调节系统的一部分，维持着地球上的生命。科学家们一致认为，我们需要采取重大行动来控制排放。但是，尽管科学家和民众运动迄今未能说服世界采取行动，地球母亲似乎已经成功了，带来了前所未见的2019冠状病毒。”由此判断出，作者提到Gaia hypothesis是为了介绍讨论的主题。故选B。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一、二句COVID-19 is estimated to have reduced carbon dioxide emission in China by a quarter. resulting in a significant reduction of their carbon - 27 -‎ ‎ footprints.“据估计，新冠肺炎使中国的二氧化碳排放量减少了四分之一。导致它们的碳足迹显著减少。”由此可知，第二段讲述的是COVID-19的意外益处。故选A。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句The deaths of thousands of people worldwide should also serve as a lasting reminder of the fragility of life.“全世界成千上万人的死亡也应成为生命脆弱性的一个持久的提醒。”可知，“我们人类经常忽略或压抑关于死亡和灭绝的不舒服的想法。”由此推知划线词的意思是“控制，压抑”。故选A。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Only in the face of suffering and death are we forced to view the bigger, longer-term perspective—and this is what is needed in order to react appropriately to climate change.“只有在面对苦难和死亡的时候，我们才会被迫从更长远的角度来看待问题，而这正是应对气候变化所需要的。”由此判断出，气候变化需要人类采取行动。故选D。‎ C Screen time increases by 300 percent between the ages of 1 and 3 according to a recent study. In a perfect world, parents would always choose outdoor time over screen time. But for many parents, decreasing screen time isn't as simple as it sounds. That's because screens are increasingly used as an entertainment and distraction（分心）tool for kids which parents think is necessary due to a lack of quality childcare. ‎ The United States government defines affordable childcare as care costing no more than 7 percent of a family's total income, yet more than 40 percent of families say they set aside more than 15 percent of their total income for it, according to a 2019 survey published by Care. com. ‎ Affordable childcare in America is a dream. “Screen time is used as a last substitute for childcare for many families,” says licensed child therapist（治疗师）Katie Lear. “Particularly for parents who work from home, it can be hard to justify hiring a caregiver or paying for daycare. And yet children need to be able to keep themselves occupied during important work calls. Turning on the TV can buy the parent some valuable time during what can be a very tiring day."‎ If affordable childcare wasn't just a daydream, if the system we have wasn't - 27 -‎ ‎ dependent on two incomes, if parents could actually afford not to work 50+ hours a week, if childcare centers could afford to pay their workers a desirable wage, then maybe, we'd see screen time decrease instead of increase. We know our kids should be interacting with something other than You Tube videos and flash games for hours a week. But before we fix our broken system and before affordable, quality childcare becomes a reality, parents and caregivers are going to do whatever they can to make it, and that includes using screens as passive childcare.‎ ‎8. Why do parents allow their children to spend much time on screens?‎ A. To please their children.‎ B. To make up the lack of quality childcare.‎ C. To attract kids' attention to classes online.‎ D. To help children learn about necessary technology.‎ ‎9. What do the statistics in Paragraph 2 indicate?‎ A. Childcare workers have high income.‎ B. Childcare centers are popular in America.‎ C. Childcare is a heavy burden for parents.‎ D. Childcare is supported by local government.‎ ‎10. Why is Lear mentioned in the text?‎ A. To uncover the reason for screen time as childcare.‎ B. To prove the advantages of adopting c-products.‎ C. To present the ways of parents' improving childcare.‎ D. To explain the benefits of hiring a caregiver.‎ ‎11. What's the key in reducing children's screen time?‎ A. Enough company time. B. High income in the family.‎ C. Turning off the TV. D. Hiring a caregiver.‎ ‎【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ - 27 -‎ 这是一篇说明文。根据最近的一项研究，由于父母支付不起高质量的保育费用，1岁到3岁的孩子在电子产品的屏幕前的时间增加了300%。减少儿童看屏幕时间的关键是“足够的陪伴时间”。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中That's because screens are increasingly used as an entertainment and distraction（分心）tool for kids which parents think is necessary due to a lack of quality childcare. “这是因为屏幕越来越多地被用作孩子们的娱乐和分散注意力的工具，家长们认为这是必要的，因为缺乏高质量的托儿服务。”由此可知，家长允许孩子花很多时间在屏幕上是为了来弥补高质量儿童保育的不足。故选B。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段The United States government defines affordable childcare as care costing no more than 7 percent of a family's total income, yet more than 40 percent of families say they set aside more than 15 percent of their total income for it, according to a 2019 survey published by Care. com. “根据美国护理协会(care) 2019年发布的一项调查，美国政府将负担得起的托儿服务定义为花费不超过家庭总收入7%的护理，但超过40%的家庭表示，他们为托儿服务留出了总收入的15%以上。”由此可知，第二段的数字表明“照顾孩子对父母来说是个沉重的负担。”故选C。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Particularly for parents who work from home, it can be hard to justify hiring a caregiver or paying for daycare. And yet children need to be able to keep themselves occupied during important work calls. Turning on the TV can buy the parent some valuable time during what can be a very tiring day." “特别是对于那些在家工作的父母来说，很难雇佣保姆或支付日托费用。然而，孩子们需要在重要的工作电话中让自己保持忙碌。打开电视可以为父母在疲惫的一天中赢得一些宝贵的时间。由此判断出，Lear被提到是为了找出孩子在屏幕前的原因。故选A。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中If affordable childcare wasn't just a daydream, if the system we have wasn't dependent on two incomes, if parents could actually afford not to work 50+ hours a week, if childcare centers could afford to pay their workers a desirable wage, then maybe, we'd see screen time decrease instead of increase.“如果负担得起照顾孩子不只是一个白日梦,如果保育系统不依赖于两个收入,如果家长每周不工作50‎ - 27 -‎ ‎ +小时,儿童保育中心可以支付工人的工资,那么,我们会看到屏幕上的时间减少,而不是增加。”由此判断出，减少儿童看屏幕时间的关键是“足够的陪伴时间”。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】在细节考查题中有一类事实细节题 。该题属于细节类型的阅读理解题，一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。本题第1小题，根据第一段中That's because screens are increasingly used as an entertainment and distraction（分心）tool for kids which parents think is necessary due to a lack of quality childcare. “这是因为屏幕越来越多地被用作孩子们的娱乐和分散注意力的工具，家长们认为这是必要的，因为缺乏高质量的托儿服务。”由此可知，家长允许孩子花很多时间在屏幕上是为了来弥补高质量儿童保育的不足。故选B。‎ D A butterfly's wings can have many jobs besides keeping the insect in the air. They may be called on to attract mates, to warn potential enemies to stay away, to do other animals or even to provide disguise（伪装）. ‎ All of these roles, though, depend on their colouration—which is unchanging. This plays into the idea that butterfly wings are dead tissue, like a bird's feathers or a mammal's hair. In fact, that is not true. For example, in some species males' wings harbour special cells that release chemicals which attract females. ‎ Nanfang Yu, a physicist at Columbia University, in New York, has been looking into the matter. One of his interests is the optical（光学的）properties of biological materials. That has led him to study butterfly wings in more detail. And, in cooperation with Naomi Pierce, a butterfly specialist at Harvard University, he has now shown, in a paper published this week in Nature Communications, that butterfly wings are, indeed, very much alive. ‎ Initially, Dr Yu and Dr Pierce wanted to know how the insects keep their body temperatures up without their wings overheating. ‎ Unlike birds and mammals, butterflies do not produce enough internal heat to metabolize（新陈代谢）. Instead, they rely on outside heat sources—usually the sun—to bring their bodies up to speed. But their wings, being thin protein ‎ - 27 -‎ membranes（膜）, have a limited thermal capacity. Those wings can therefore overheat quickly if the insects are exposed to the sunlight too long, or, oppositely, can cool down too rapidly if they are flying through cold air. ‎ In their experiments, the two researchers used a laser（激光）to heat up spots on the wings of dozens of butterfly species. When the temperature of the area under the laser reached 40℃ or so, the insects responded within seconds by doing things that stopped their wings heating up further. These actions included a butterfly turning around to minimize its exposure to the laser, beating its wings or simply walking away.‎ ‎12. What's Dr Yu's discovery about butterfly wings?‎ A. They contain dead tissue.‎ B. They are too thin to store heat.‎ C. They have different functions.‎ D. They react quickly to high heat.‎ ‎13. Which of the following is True according to the text?‎ A. Butterflies metabolize completely with its internal heat.‎ B. Chemicals from butterfly wings help drive away threats.‎ C. The color of butterfly's wings keeps fixed.‎ D. The researchers achieved big in optical properties.‎ ‎14. How can a butterfly stop its wings overheating?‎ A. By providing heat itself.‎ B. By flying through cold air.‎ C. By removing the source of heat.‎ D. By adjusting their heating surface.‎ ‎15. What's the best title for the text?‎ A. A Research into Butterfly Wings B. The Jobs of Butterfly Wings C. Butterfly Wings: Dead or Alive D. Butterfly Wings Temperature Changes ‎【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. C - 27 -‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。普遍认为蝴蝶翅膀是死亡组织的观点，就像鸟的羽毛或哺乳动物的毛发一样。但事实并非如此，经过研究证实蝴蝶的翅膀确实是活的。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句When the temperature of the area under the laser reached 40℃ or so, the insects responded within seconds by doing things that stopped their wings heating up further.“当激光照射的区域温度达到40℃左右时，昆虫会在几秒钟内做出反应，停止翅膀进一步升温。”由此可知，他们对高温方应迅速。故选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句All of these roles, though, depend on their colouration—which is unchanging.“然而,所有这些角色都取决于它们不变的色彩。由此可知蝴蝶翅膀的颜色是固定的。故选C。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中the insects responded within seconds by doing things that stopped their wings heating up further. These actions included a butterfly turning around to minimize its exposure to the laser, beating its wings or simply walking away.“昆虫在几秒钟内做了一些事情,阻止了他们的翅膀进一步加热。这些动作包括蝴蝶转身以减少暴露在激光下的时间，拍打翅膀或者干脆走开。”由此可知，蝴蝶通过调整受热表面，来阻止翅膀的过热。故选D。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句This plays into the idea that butterfly wings are dead tissue, like a bird's feathers or a mammal's hair.“这正好印证了蝴蝶翅膀是死亡组织的观点，就像鸟的羽毛或哺乳动物的毛发一样。”和第三段最后一句that butterfly wings are, indeed, very much alive. “蝴蝶的翅膀确实是活的。”所以短文的最佳标题为“蝴蝶的翅膀:死的还是活的”。故选C。‎ - 27 -‎ ‎【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等标志性词语。本题第3小题，根据最后一段中the insects responded within seconds by doing things that stopped their wings heating up further. These actions included a butterfly turning around to minimize its exposure to the laser, beating its wings or simply walking away.“昆虫在几秒钟内做了一些事情,阻止了他们的翅膀进一步加热。这些动作包括蝴蝶转身以减少暴露在激光下的时间，拍打翅膀或者干脆走开。”由此可知，蝴蝶通过调整受热表面，来阻止翅膀的过热。故选D。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ When you think of the Arctic, you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on Earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic trash, ____16____‎ German scientists have recently found microplastics in Arctic snow. ____17____Sadly, the scientists found 1,800 pieces of microplastic per liter of snow. ‎ How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists. "It's apparent that the majority of the microplastics in the snow comes from the air." They fall off plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. ___18___Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in. An even higher amount of microplastic was found in the snow around cities. ‎ The high concentrations found in snow samples suggest microplastics, which contain rubber or chemicals used in synthetic fabrics（混合纤维）, may cause significant air pollution. ‎ ‎____19____Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the world Health Organization. We do know that our bodies cannot take in "large" pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time. What's more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk, heightening the need to further assess the risks of taking them in, the study said. ‎ Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Previous research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, damaging - 27 -‎ ‎ ecosystems along the way.____20____The waste water then flows into rivers and out to sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we're eating the plastic as well.‎ A. Are they bad for us?‎ B. and now it's the Arctic's turn.‎ C. so we should take action to protect the world.‎ D. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow.‎ E. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters.‎ F. They start in our water when we wash clothes with plastic fibers.‎ G. Is plastic pollution doing great damage to our global economy?‎ ‎【答案】16. B 17. E 18. D 19. A 20. F ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍塑料已经污染了北极。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 分析句子结构We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic trash, ____1____此处应该是一个并列句、从句或非谓语动词的句子，所以应该在B/C中选择。根据前半句We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic trash,“我们的塑料垃圾已经污染了海洋最深处。”由此可知，B项and now it's the Arctic's turn.（现在轮到北极了。）切题。故选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据上文提示“德国科学家最近在北极雪中发现了微塑料。”再根据下文提示“不幸的是，科学家们发现每升雪含有1800片塑料微粒。”承接上下文，E项 Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters.（微塑料是小于5毫米的塑料。）切题。故选E。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据上文提示“它们从塑料物体上掉下来，被风吹走，就像灰尘一样。”再根据下文提示“在北极雪中发现这些塑料意味着我们可能会吸入它们。”承接上下文，D项They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow.（它们与空气中的冰混合，然后像雪一样落到地上。）切题。故选D。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据下文提示“根据世界卫生组织，科学家目前还不能回答这个问题。”承接下文，A项Are - 27 -‎ ‎ they bad for us?（它们对我们有害吗?）切题。故选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据上文提示“先前的研究发现，它们会长距离地流入海洋，沿途破坏生态系统。”再根据下文提示“废水然后流入河流，流入大海，被海洋动物吃掉。”承接上下文，F项They start in our water when we wash clothes with plastic fibers.（当我们洗涤的衣服中含有塑料纤维时，微塑料便会残留在污水中。）切题。故选F。‎ 第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Expect the unexpected ‎“Nothing is ever easy!” A couple of days ago, my grandfather was____21____his favorite expression. The following day, as I completed my work, I____22____a bee on the skylight（天窗）Though the skylight was particularly high, I thought____23____the bee would take only five minutes. An hour later, the bee still remained. What had changed was that the room was messy and that I was____24____from looking up into the sunlight. I didn't expect to waste an hour on an insect so____25____. but by doing so, I understood what my grandfather meant. ‎ It is not only time we tend to underestimate—we don't____26____unexpected costs. We often imagine what work in our____27____, but seldom consider negative things that could____28____us. However, it is important to remember that things might not go as____29____, which is normal. It is_____30_____acceptable to feel challenged—even a simple task, because that is part of life. ‎ If you accept that, life might seem more_____31_____. In middle school, I thought high school might be easier because I could choose the_____32_____I wanted to take. In high school, I thought_____33_____might be easier because I would have a_____34_____suited for myself. Yet each time, I was wrong and_____35_____. After accepting school wouldn't be easy, I found myself with a more_____36_____attitude. ‎ Certainly, there should be preparations to take_____37_____and time into consideration. It can help you_____38_____your goals in a better way. However, there - 27 -‎ ‎ is no_____39_____to blame ourselves when something stands in our path. Maybe we cannot see a bee coming our way, but we can give ourselves the_____40_____time to catch it.‎ ‎21. A. studying B. proving C. explaining D. teaching ‎22. A. felt B. saved C. spotted D. searched ‎23. A. moving B. removing C. keeping D. protecting ‎24. A. dizzy B. sick C. afraid D. pleased ‎25. A. lovely B. tiny C. busy D. dangerous ‎26. A. account for B. give up C. cut down D. improve on ‎27. A. life B. turn C. mind D. favor ‎28. A. affect B. inspire C. entertain D. cheat ‎29. A. known B. planned C. confirmed D. mentioned ‎30. A. rarely B. occasionally C. perfectly D. slightly ‎31. A. reasonable B. manageable C. unbearable D. changeable ‎32. A. measures B. books C. notes D. classes ‎33. A. college B. work C. life D. marriage ‎34. A. career B. dream C. experience D. schedule ‎35. A. delighted B. amazed C. disappointed D. frightened ‎36. A. objective B. conservative C. selfish D. positive ‎37. A. costs B. value C. worth D. prices ‎38. A. share B. set C. evaluate D. accomplish ‎39 A. possibility B. importance C. need D. way ‎40. A. limited B. extra C. equal D. precious - 27 -‎ ‎【答案】21. C 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过花一个小时抓蜜蜂的故事，告诉我们“接受意料之外的事情”，证明了“没有什么是容易的!”‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“没有什么是容易的!”“几天前，我爷爷在解释他最喜欢的表达。A. studying 学习；B. proving结果是；C. explaining解释；D. teaching教。根据第1空后的his favorite expression.可知，此处指爷爷“解释”最喜欢的表达。故选C。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，当我完成我的工作时，我在天窗上发现了一只蜜蜂。A. felt感到；B. saved挽救；C. spotted发现；D. searched搜寻。根据第2空后的a bee on the skylight可知，此处指“发现”一只蜜蜂。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然天窗特别高，但我想把蜜蜂弄走只需要五分钟。A. moving移动；B. removing移除；C. keeping保持；D. protecting保护。根据第3空后的the bee would take only five minutes. An hour later, the bee still remained.可知，此处指“移除”这只蜜蜂。故选B。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：改变的是，房间凌乱不堪，我抬头看阳光，头都晕了。A. dizzy晕眩的；B. sick厌恶的；C. afraid害怕的；D. pleased感到高兴的。根据第4空后的from looking up into the sunlight.可知，看到阳光让作者头“晕眩”。故选A。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我没想到要在这么小的昆虫上浪费一个小时，但这样做，我明白了我祖父的意思。 A. lovely可爱的；B. tiny小的；C. busy忙碌的；D. dangerous危险的。根据常识可知，蜜蜂很小，所以此处指蜜蜂如此的“小”。故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词短语。句意：我们不仅倾向于低估时间——我们没有意外的成本列入预算。A. account - 27 -‎ ‎ for列入预算；B. give up放弃；C. cut down 砍倒；D. improve on改进。根据第6空后的unexpected costs可知，此处指我们没有意外的成本列入预算。故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们经常想象什么对我们有利，但很少考虑可能影响我们的消极事情。A. life生活；B. turn转变；C. mind理智，精神；D. favor赞同。我们经常想象什么对我们有利，固定词组：in one’s favor“对…有利，支持某人”。故选D，‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们经常想象什么对我们有利，但很少考虑可能影响我们的消极事情。A. affect影响；B. inspire鼓舞；C. entertain使娱乐；D. cheat欺骗。根据第8空前的seldom consider negative things可知，此处指“影响”我们的消极事情。故选A。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，重要的是要记住事情可能不会按计划进行，这是正常的。A. known知道；B. planned计划；C. confirmed确证；D. mentioned提到。根据第9空后的which is normal，可知，此处指“按计划”进行。故选B。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：完美地接受挑战是可以接受的——即使是一个简单的任务，因为这是生活的一部分。A. rarely很少地；B. occasionally偶尔；C. perfectly完美地；D. slightly轻微地。根据上文作者完美地接受驱赶蜜蜂任务可知，此处指“完美地”接受挑战。故选C。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你接受这一点，生活似乎更容易掌控。A. reasonable 合情合理；B. manageable 易控制的；C. unbearable难以忍受的；D. changeable可改变的。根据第11空下文的might be easier可知，如果你接受这一点，生活似乎更容易掌控。此处指生活“更容易掌控”。故选B。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在中学的时候，我认为高中可能更容易，因为我可以选择我想上的课程。A. measures措施；B. books书；C. notes笔记；D. classes课程，班级。根据I thought high school可知，此处指选择“课程”，故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ - 27 -‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在高中的时候，我认为上大学可能会更容易一些，因为我会有一个适合自己的时间表。A. college大学；B. work工作；C. life 生活；D. marriage婚姻。根据第12空前的In middle school, I thought high school可知，在高中的时候，我认为上大学可能会更容易一些。此处指上“大学”时。故选A。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在高中的时候，我认为上大学可能会更容易一些，因为我会有一个适合自己的。A. career事业；B. dream梦想；C. experience经历，经验；D. schedule计划，时间表。根据第14空后的suited for myself.此处指适合自己的“计划”。故选D。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，每一次，我都错了，都很失望。A. delighted 高兴的；B. amazed感到惊讶的；C. disappointed感到失望的；D. frightened感到害怕的。根据第15空前的Yet each time, I was wrong可知，我“感到失望”。故选C。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接受上学的不容易之后，我发现自己有了更积极的态度。A. objective客观的；B. conservative保守的；C. selfish自私的；D. positive积极的。根据第16空前的After accepting school wouldn't be easy可知，在接受上学的不容易之后，我发现自己有了“积极的”态度。故选D。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，应该做好准备考虑成本和时间。A. costs费用；B. value价值；C. worth财产；D. prices价格。根据上文unexpected costs.可知，要考虑“成本”和时间。故选A。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可以帮助你更好地实现你的目标。A. share分享；B. set放；C. evaluate评估；D. accomplish完成。根据第18空后的your goals in a better way可知，此处指“实现”目标。故选D。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当有东西挡住了我们的道路时，我们没有必要责怪自己。A. possibility可能性；B. importance重要性；C. need需要；D. way方法。根据上文我发现自己有了更积极的态度可知，当有东西挡住了我们的道路时，我们没有必要责怪自己。固定句型：there is no need to do sth.“没必要做某事”。故选C。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ - 27 -‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许我们看不到一只蜜蜂朝我们飞来，但我们可以给自己额外的时间去抓住它。A. limited有限的；B. extra额外的；C. equal平等的；D. precious珍贵的。根据第20空后的time to catch it可知，此处指给自己“额外的”时间去抓住蜜蜂。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】解完形填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要阅读下句或者若干句才能明白。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。本题第15小题，句意：然而，每一次，我都错了，都很失望。A. delighted 高兴的；B. amazed感到惊讶的；C. disappointed感到失望的；D. frightened感到害怕的。根据第15空前的Yet each time, I was wrong可知，我“感到失望”。故选C。‎ 第Ⅱ卷 第二节 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Filled with more than 400 characters and over 1000 pages long, “The Story of the Stone", also known____41____ "The Dream of the Red Chamber", is one of the____42____（great）classical novels in Chinese literature. The story____43____（detail）the rise and fall of the noble Jia family during the Ming Dynasty. The middle part of the book is all about a tragic（悲剧的）love triangle between____44____main male character Jia Baoyu and his two cousins, Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai. The plot is so complex that it even has____45____（it）own academic field, which is called Redology. The book itself____46____（write）back in the 18th century and almost three hundred years later, it is still much loved by Chinese____47____（reader）. The Dream of the Red Camber was so popular in China that in the 1980s, ____48____（base）on the book, a multi-episode TV series was made and Daguanyuan or Grand View Garden, a major setting in the story, was built in Beijing for this purpose. ‎ The garden is located nor far from the Forbidden City, on Beijing's____49____（two）ring road. In the novel, this is____50____Jia Baoyu and his female cousins lived. Ma Juntong is the director for this place, which is also the Beijing Redology Culture Museum.‎ ‎【答案】41. as 42. greatest ‎ - 27 -‎ ‎43. details ‎ ‎44. the 45. its ‎ ‎46. was written ‎ ‎47. readers ‎ ‎48. based 49. second ‎ ‎50. where ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍中国文学史上最伟大的古典小说之一《红楼梦》的相关信息。‎ ‎41题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：《红楼梦》是中国文学史上最伟大的古典小说之一，全书400多人物，1000多页。固定词组：be known as“被认为是，作为…而著名”。符合句意，故填as。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查形容词最高级。句意：《红楼梦》是中国文学史上最伟大的古典小说之一，全书400多人物，1000多页。分析句子结构one of the____2____（great）classical novels可知此处用形容词最高级。故填greatest。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查一般现在时态和主谓一致。句意：故事讲述了明朝贵族贾氏家族的兴衰。这里在讲述书里面的故事情节，所以句子用一般现在时态，且句子主语story是单数第三人称，故填details。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查定冠词the。句意：书的中间部分讲述了主人公贾宝玉和他的两个表兄弟林黛玉、薛宝钗之间的悲剧三角恋。此处特指男主人公。故填the。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：情节是如此复杂，甚至有自己的学术领域，被称为红学。修饰名词，其前面用形容词性物主代词。故填its。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：这本书本身写于18世纪，近三百年后，它仍然深受中国读者的喜爱。句子主语book是单数的三人称，和write 之间是被动关系，再根据back in the 18th century可知，此处用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填was written。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ - 27 -‎ 考查名词复数。句意：这本书本身写于18世纪，近三百年后，它仍然深受中国读者的喜爱。此处指“中国读者”，reader为可数名词，所以用名词复数表示泛指。故填readers。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：《红楼梦》在中国非常受欢迎，以至于在20世纪80年代，根据这本书拍摄了一部多集电视剧，并为此在北京建造了大观园。固定词组：be based on“以…为基础”。此处是过去分词作后置定语，故填based。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查序数词。句意：这座花园位于北京二环路上，离紫禁城不远。结合句意此处用序数词，表示“第二”。故填second。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查表语从句。句意：在小说中，这是贾宝玉和他的表妹们居住的地方。结合句意此处是where引导的表语从句。故填where。‎ 第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除: 把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改: 在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意: ‎ ‎1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ I like varieties of sports but basketball is my favorite. Taught how to play basketball from my father, I became very interesting in it. I had never stopped playing it ever since then. Basketball can bring me much pleasure and keep me excited, provide me with different kind of other benefits. For instance, as a team sport, basketball can train me how to cooperate with others. I often play basketball with your teammates every weekend improve my skills and prepare for basketball competitions. General speaking, basketball is such a fun that I hope all of us can enjoy the pleasure of playing basketball.‎ - 27 -‎ ‎【答案】1. but→and；2.from→by；3. interesting→interested；4.had→have；5. provide→providing；6.kind→kinds；7.your→my；8.在improve前加to；9.General→Generally；10.把a fun前的a去掉。‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述作者对篮球的热爱。‎ ‎【详解】1.考查并列连词。句意：我喜欢各种各样的运动，篮球是我最喜欢的。此处是并列的递进关系，不是转折关系。故把but改成and。‎ ‎2.考查介词。句意：我的父亲教我如何打篮球，我变得非常感兴趣。此处指“被”父亲教。实际上是be taught by。故把from改成by。‎ ‎3.考查形容词。句意：我的父亲教我如何打篮球，我变得非常感兴趣。固定词组：be/become interested in“对…感兴趣”。故把interesting改成interested。‎ ‎4.考查现在完成时态。句意：从那时起我就一直在玩。根据since then“自从那时起”，所以句子用现在完成时态，且句子主语I，故把had改成have。‎ ‎5.考查现在分词做伴随状语。句意：篮球可以给我带来很多快乐，让我保持兴奋，给我提供了各种好处。句子主语Basketball和provide之间是一种主动关系，是现在分词作伴随状语。故把provide改成providing。‎ ‎6.考查名词复数。句意：篮球可以给我带来很多快乐，让我保持兴奋，给我提供了很多益处。根据different可知后面的名词kind用名词复数。kinds of“各种各样的”。故把kind改成kinds。‎ ‎7.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我经常每个周末和我的队友打篮球，以提高我的技能并为篮球比赛做准备。根据主语I，可知此处指“我的”队友。故把your改成my。‎ ‎8.考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：我经常每个周末和我的队友打篮球，以提高我的技能并为篮球比赛做准备。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故在improve前加to。‎ ‎9.考查副词。句意：总的来说，篮球是如此的有趣，我希望我们都能享受打篮球的乐趣。Generally speaking“一般地说”。为固定表达。故把General改成Generally。‎ ‎10.考查不可数名词。句意：总的来说，篮球是如此的有趣，我希望我们都能享受打篮球的乐趣。此处fun是不可数名词，前面不用不定冠词，故把把a fun前的a去掉。‎ 第二节书面表达（满分25分）‎ - 27 -‎ ‎52.假定你是某校高三学生李华，在最近几次英语考试中，书面表达部分得分较低。请给你的英国笔友Jim写封邮件，寻求他的帮助。‎ 要点如下:‎ ‎1. 自己的困难和困惑；‎ ‎2. 希望得到帮助。‎ 注意: 1. 字数100左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Jim,‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Jim,‎ How are you doing these days? Having got low scores in writing in recent English exams, I'm writing to desperately ask for your help. ‎ To begin with, in my writing there are always some unbearable spelling and grammar mistakes. What's worse, I have no idea about what to write and how to use expressions. On top of that, little progress has been made in this part in spite of the time and efforts I devoted to practicing writing. Facing these difficulties, I've been confused and worried. So could you be so kind as to introduce some good ways? I'm sure to have it improved with your timely help. ‎ Best wishes.‎ Yours. ‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。‎ - 27 -‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假定你是某校高三学生李华，在最近几次英语考试中，书面表达部分得分较低。请给你的英国笔友Jim写封邮件，寻求他的帮助。要点如下:1. 自己的困难和困惑；2. 希望得到帮助。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：got low scores in writing in recent English exams（在最近的英语考试中，我的写作成绩很低）；To begin with（首先）；some unbearable spelling and grammar mistakes（一些令人难以忍受的拼写和语法错误）；等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。I have no idea about what to write and how to use expressions.疑问词+动词不定式作宾语；On top of that, little progress has been made in this part in spite of the time and efforts I devoted to practicing writing.句中使用现在完成时态的被动语态和定语that或者which的定语从句；Facing these difficulties, I've been confused and worried.现在分词作状语。‎ - 27 -‎ - 27 -‎