2020版高考英语总复习Unit4Astron人教版必修3

2020版高考英语总复习Unit4Astron人教版必修3

Unit 4　Astronomy: the science of the stars Step 1　课前准备——单元考点　自查自测 ‎1.词汇分层级识记过关　2.语境活用填写过关　3.经典句式背诵仿写过关　4.类词巧积累事半功倍 ‎(一)分门别类攻单词——识形辨意·拓展应用 ‎ (二)写用结合记短语——译写短语·语境活用 22‎ ‎(三)仿写活用练句式——经典句型·仿写背诵 Step 2　课堂探究——核心考点　点点突破 ‎1.重点难点考点学通练透　2.归纳总结拓展开阔视野　3.方法规律技巧权威点拨　4.‎ 22‎ 面面俱到打创高效课堂 第一时段　Warming up & Reading ‎1．harmful adj.有害的 ‎[教材原句]　What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.‎ 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎(1)be harmful to 对……有害 ‎(2)harmless adj. 无害的 ‎(3)harm n. &vt. 伤害 ‎(4)cause/do harm to... 对……造成伤害/有害 do harm to sb.＝do sb. harm 对某人有危害 mean no harm 无恶意 There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处 单句语法填空 ‎①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very ________(harm) to their health.‎ ‎②These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm __________ the environment.‎ ‎③If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm ________ calling him.‎ ‎[答案]　①harmful　②to　③in ‎2．exist vi.存在；生存 ‎[教材原句]　They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.‎ 它们也下蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。‎ ‎(1)exist in 存在于……之中 exist on 靠……为生 There exists... 某地有……；存在……‎ ‎(2)existence n. 存在；生存 come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在 ‎(3)existing adj. 现存的；现行的 单句语法填空 22‎ ‎①The two sides have reached a partial agreement, but there is a difference still ________(exist) between them.‎ ‎②No one knows when such a custom first came into ________(exist)．‎ ‎③He finds it hard to exist ________ the money he's earning.‎ ‎④The custom of arranged marriages still exists ________ many countries.‎ ‎[答案]　①existing　②existence　③on　④in ‎[知识顾问]　exist为不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。‎ ‎3．puzzle vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难　n．谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜 ‎[教材原句]　How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.‎ 地球上生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。‎ ‎(1)in a puzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好 ‎(be) a puzzle to sb... ……对某人来说仍是个谜 ‎(2)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索 ‎(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的 be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解 单句语法填空 ‎①The police are still puzzling ________ how the accident could have happened.‎ ‎②Where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle ________ us.‎ ‎③When the little girl was asked such a ________(puzzle) question, she stood there with a surprised look on her face.‎ ‎④This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking ________(puzzle)．‎ ‎[答案]　①about/over　②to　③puzzling　④puzzled ‎[思维发散]　过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。‎ ‎4．in time及时；终于；迟早 ‎[教材原句]　They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere.‎ 它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。‎ ‎(1)in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。‎ ‎(2)in time作“及时”讲时，后常跟for sth.或to do sth.。‎ 22‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①You'll succeed ________ time as you don't give up.‎ ‎②The doctor came in time ________(save) his life.‎ ‎③Luck for him, he was just in time ________ the bus.‎ ‎[答案]　①in　②to save　③for ‎[思维发散]　‎ ‎①from time to time 有时；偶尔 ‎②at a time 每次 ‎③in no time 立刻；马上 ‎④at the same time 同时 ‎⑤at one time 一度；从前 ‎⑥at no time 绝不(置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装语序)‎ ‎5．in one's turn轮到某人；接着 ‎[教材原句]　Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.‎ 于是，它们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。‎ in turn 依次；轮流；反之；相应地 by turns 轮流；交替地 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 It turns/turned out that... 结果……‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①All theories come from practice and ________ turn serve practice.‎ ‎②I think it's my turn ________(drive) the kids to school this week.‎ ‎③They took care of the disabled old man by ________(turn)．‎ ‎④They had to take turns ________(look) after the patients.‎ ‎⑤Now that we have finished designing, the company, ________ its turn, should do the constructing work.‎ 完成句子 ‎⑥________________________________________ this young man was none otherthan the old man's son.‎ 结果，这位年轻人正是这位老人的儿子。‎ ‎[答案]　①in　②to drive　③turns　④to look　⑤in　⑥It turned out that ‎[知识顾问]　by turns是“交替；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替 22‎ 进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。‎ ‎6．prevent... from阻止；制止 ‎[教材原句]　They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.‎ 他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。‎ ‎　　‎ stop... from (doing) sth. 制止……‎ keep... from (doing) sth. 阻止……‎ protect... from/against (doing) sth.‎ 保护……免受……伤害 单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·天津卷)Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from ________(do) so.‎ ‎②The laws protect everyone here from ____________(attack)．‎ ‎③He was prevented by illness ________ coming to our birthday party.‎ ‎④To keep warm, he kept the fire ________(burn) all the night.‎ ‎[答案]　①doing　②being attacked　③from　④burning ‎[易错提醒]　prevent sb. (from) doing＝stop sb. (from) doing＝keep sb. from doing阻止某人做……(在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略；在被动语态中from均不可省略。‎ ‎7．“make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do”句式 ‎[教材原句]　This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.‎ 这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。‎ ‎(1)make it possible for life to develop属于“v.(动词)＋it＋adj./n.(宾补)＋to do/that从句”结构。该结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或that从句。‎ ‎①Mastering the technology ______________________________ for us touse the Internet more effectively.‎ 精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。‎ ‎(2)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可由名词或形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词或介词短语充当。‎ ‎②Praise __________________________ and bad men worse.‎ ‎[谚语]表扬能使好人更好，坏人更坏。‎ ‎③The police ____________________________ against the wall.‎ 22‎ ‎＝They were made by the police _____________ against the wall.‎ 警察强迫他们靠墙站着。‎ ‎(3)当该结构的宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语或从句后置。即：make＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式短语或从句(宾语补足语由名词或形容词充当)。常用于此结构中的动词还有：think, believe, find, consider, feel等。‎ ‎④I __________________________ these wordsin a short time.‎ 我发现在短时间内记住这些词很难。‎ ‎[答案]　①makes it possible　②makes good men better ‎③made them stand; to stand　④find it hard to remember ‎[方法规律]　当“make＋宾语＋do sth.”变为被动语态时，不定式符号“to”要还原，不能省略。‎ 语境串考点 ‎(语法填空)‎ No one knows exactly when the earth began 1.____________(exist). The earth was just a cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”. The earth exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were 2.____________ time to produce many things, 3.____________ were to make the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on 4.____________(it) surface. It allowed the earth to dissolve 5.____________(harm) gases and acids. Then life began to develop.‎ How life began on earth is one of the biggest 6.____________(puzzle) that scientists found hard to solve. Small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen. This encouraged the 7.____________(develop) of early shellfish and fish. Land animals appeared after green plants appeared. Small clever animals spread all over the earth. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from 8.____________(escape) from the earth into space. 9.____________ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10.____________(solve).‎ ‎[答案]　1.to 22‎ ‎ exist　2.in　3.which　4.its　5.harmful　6.puzzles　7.development　8.escaping　9.Whether　10.be solved 第二时段　Learning about Language & Using Language ‎1．crash vi. & vt.碰撞；坠落　n．(汽车的)撞车事故；(飞机的)失事；撞击声 ‎[教材原句]　Other scientists believe that a comet crashed into the earth long ago and caused the disappearance.‎ 其他科学家认为很久以前一颗彗星与地球相撞导致了(恐龙)灭绝。‎ crash into/onto... 撞到……里/上 with a crash 轰隆一声 完成句子 ‎①He witnessed a serious train ________ today. Two trains ________ each other and let out a loud ________.‎ 今天他目睹了一起火车相撞事故。两列火车彼此撞在了一起，发出了很大的爆裂声。‎ ‎②The tree fell _________________________ all of a sudden.‎ 突然，那棵树哗啦一声倒了下来。‎ ‎[答案]　①crash; crashed into; crash　②with a great crash ‎2．pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 ‎[教材原句]　As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity.‎ 随着火箭升入太空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。‎ pull off 脱(衣、帽等)‎ pull through 康复；完成；使渡过难关 pull in (火车)进站；(船)靠岸 pull up 停车；停住 pull down 拆毁 用pull构成短语的适当形式填空 ‎①I didn't notice the train had already ____________.‎ ‎②The driver ____________ at the school gate.‎ ‎③The old house was ____________ last week.‎ ‎④Everyone was very concerned whether the patient would ____________ or not.‎ ‎[答案]　①pulled in　②pulled up　③pulled down　④pull through ‎3．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋；(使)振奋 ‎[教材原句]　I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.‎ 22‎ 我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。‎ ‎　　　　　　　‎ ‎(1)cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来 cheer sb. on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油 cheer for (用欢呼、喝彩等)支持(某竞赛者)‎ ‎(2)Cheers! [口语](用于祝酒)干杯！‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①When I'm feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me ________.‎ ‎②They gathered round the swimming pool and cheered her ________.‎ ‎③Let's go to the football game and cheer ________ our school team.‎ ‎[答案]　①up　②on　③for ‎[知识顾问]　cheer up既可以用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。‎ ‎4．break out爆发；突发 ‎[教材原句]　We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased.‎ 我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　‎ break away from 脱离/挣脱……‎ break down 出故障；坏掉；失败；(健康等)垮掉 break in 插话；破门而入 break into 破门而入 break up 打碎；结束 用break构成短语的适当形式填空 ‎①The Anti－Japanese War ____________ in 1937.‎ ‎②After the fire ____________ in the lab, a lot of equipment was destroyed.‎ ‎③The thief ____________ the supermarket and stole many goods.‎ ‎④His plan ____________， so he had to start from the very beginning.‎ ‎[答案]　①broke out　②broke out　③broke into ‎④broke down ‎5．倍数的表达方式 ‎[教材原句]　But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.‎ 但当我试图往前走时，我发现自己被带到一个步幅相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。‎ 22‎ ‎(1)twice as far as...属于“倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...”结构，是一种倍数的表示方法。‎ ‎①This tree is ___________________________ that one.‎ 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。‎ ‎(2)倍数＋比较级＋than...。‎ ‎②The population now in this village is __________ ten years ago.‎ 现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。‎ ‎(3)倍数＋the size/length/height/width of＋另一比较对象。‎ ‎③It's said that the power plant is now ________________ it was.‎ 据说这个发电厂现在是过去的两倍大。‎ ‎(4)倍数＋what从句。‎ ‎④The new building now is ______________________________ in the past.‎ 现在的这座新大楼是过去的四倍大。‎ ‎(5)倍数＋that/those of...。‎ ‎⑤The production now is three times _______________it was ten years ago.‎ 现在的产量是十年前的三倍。‎ ‎[答案]　①three times as tall as　②five times larger than ‎③twice the size of what　④four times what it was ‎⑤that of ‎[知识顾问]　(1)两倍用twice或double，三倍及三倍以上用．.. times表达。‎ ‎(2)前面的倍数还可以是分数、百分数、小数等。‎ ‎(3)that/those of...多用于产量、生产等方面的比较，that/those指代前面的同名异物名词；that指代不可数名词或可数名词单数，相当于the one; those指代可数名词复数，相当于the ones。‎ 语境串考点 ‎(短文改错)‎ The earth was just a cloud of dusty after the “Big Bang”. The earth exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were on time to produce many things, which was to make the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on their surface. It allowed the earth dissolve harmful gases. Then life began to develop.‎ The first small plants multiplied but filled the oceans and seas with oxygen. This encourages the development of early shellfish and fish. Land animals 22‎ ‎ such as insects, reptiles and dinosaurs and so on turned up after green plants were appeared. Small clever animals spread all over the earth. They are putting too many carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, that prevents heat from the earth into space.‎ ‎[答案]　‎ The earth was just a cloud of after the “Big Bang”. The earth exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were time to produce many things, which to make the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on surface. It allowed the earth dissolve harmful gases. Then life began to develop.‎ The first small plants multiplied filled the oceans and seas with oxygen. This the development of early shellfish and fish. Land animals such as insects, reptiles and dinosaurs and so on turned up after green plants appeared. Small clever animals spread all over the earth. They are putting too carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, prevents heat from the earth into space. ‎ Step 3　课后演练——知识能力　链接高考 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It's ________(harm) to your eyes to read in the bus.‎ ‎[答案]　harmful ‎2．Li Jiang wants to become a policeman after the Internet voting while Su Hua is ________(puzzle) at whom to vote.‎ ‎[答案]　puzzled ‎3．While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, ________(globe) warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放) peak.‎ ‎[答案]　global ‎4．As is known to us, the Republic of China came into ________(exist) as an independent country in 1949.‎ ‎[答案]　existence 22‎ ‎5．During those four years, he worked day and night, thus ________(improve) his theory gradually until it was complete.‎ ‎[答案]　improving ‎6．He found something ________(float) on the lake, which scared him.‎ ‎[答案]　floating ‎7．He often says that he doesn't believe in any ________(religious) and only believes in himself.‎ ‎[答案]　religion ‎8．The car ________(crash) into a big stone and burst into flames.‎ ‎[答案]　crashed ‎9．Their son was prevented ________ going to college because of their low income.‎ ‎[答案]　from ‎10．As he was angry, he shut the door ________(violent)．‎ ‎[答案]　violently Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The sun heats the earth, which makes possible for plants to grow.____________‎ ‎[答案]　在possible前加it ‎2．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as larger as the present one.____________‎ ‎[答案]　larger→large ‎3．He was lucky enough in the war. He returned from the battle, safely and sound.____________‎ ‎[答案]　safely→safe ‎4．Whether their flight will arrive on time is what they are concerned about it.____________‎ ‎[答案]　去掉it ‎5．The twin brothers stood under the tree, puzzling and saying nothing.____________‎ ‎[答案]　puzzling→puzzled ‎6．The new bridge is three times width of that one built last year.____________‎ ‎[答案]　在width前加the 22‎ ‎7．We hope the new machine will work faster, instead reducing our costs.____________‎ ‎[答案]　instead→thus或者去掉instead ‎8．Teachers can help them learn to take risks in an atmosphere that they feel confident about doing so.____________‎ ‎[答案]　that→where ‎9．There is so much rain on the island that its annual rainfall reaches as many as sixty inches.____________‎ ‎[答案]　many→much ‎10．You'll succeed on time because you are always working hard.____________‎ ‎[答案]　on→in Ⅲ.根据提示词及相关要求完成句子 ‎1．精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。(make＋it＋宾补＋不定式短语)‎ Mastering the technology ___________________________________‎ the Internet more effectively.‎ ‎[答案]　makes it possible for us to use ‎2．总体来说，电子废物流的增长速度比传统的垃圾要快三倍。(倍数＋比较级＋than)‎ The electronic waste stream is increasing __________________ traditional garbage as a whole.‎ ‎[答案]　three times faster than ‎3．最使医生困惑的是他们无法查出病因。(what引导主语从句)‎ ‎_____________________________ was that they could not find the cause of the disease.‎ ‎[答案]　What puzzled the doctors most ‎4．既然我无事可做，我可以享受一会儿音乐了。(now that)‎ ‎_______________________________, I can enjoy music for a little while.‎ ‎[答案]　Now that I have nothing to do ‎5．我的确承认我犯了这个错误。(do强调)‎ I ___________________________ that I have made the mistake.‎ ‎[答案]　do admit ‎6．尽管这本书没有我们所期待的那么好，但是仍然值得读一读。(so... as)‎ Though this book is _________________________ we expected，it is still worth reading.‎ 22‎ ‎[答案]　not so good a book as 高考题型分组训练 训练一　语言知识运用板块训练——重情理，练准度 ‎(限时：25分钟)‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 ‎(2018·太原市高三期末考)Ding Ding was born with cerebral palsy(脑瘫), and doctors told his parents he was “not worth saving”. But his mother __1__ doctors and even her husband, devoting her life to helping her son overcome difficulties and make __2__ of his abilities. At 29, Ding Ding, who had cerebral palsy, has been __3__ to Harvard University.‎ In 1988, Ding nearly suffocated(窒息) during a birth complication, which left him with cerebral palsy. Doctors __4__ to his mother Zou Hongyan that she give up the baby saying it was worthless trying to __5__ him. The doctor said Ding would __6__ either disabled or with __7__ intelligence. Even the boy's __8__ agreed with the doctors, and told Zou that the boy would be a burden for the family for his entire life. __9__ Zou insisted on saving the boy and soon divorced.‎ To support the family and provide __10__ for her son, Zou __11__ several jobs. In her spare time, she taught __12__ how to massage his stiff muscles, and would also play educational __13__ with him. “I didn't want him to feel __14__ about his physical problems，” she said. “I was quite strict with him, so he could __15__ with others when he had difficulties.”‎ Ding graduated with a __16__ in environmental science from Peking University in 2011. That same __17__， he got a second degree at the university's international law school. In 2016, Ding got the offer from Harvard Law School.‎ ‎“I never dared to dream of __18__ Harvard，” Ding said. “It was my mother who __19__ stopped encouraging me to give it a try. __20__ I had any doubts, she would guide me forward.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。29岁的残疾人Ding Ding被哈佛大学录取，他将成功归功于母亲的坚持和她无私的奉献。母亲不遗余力地帮助Ding Ding克服困难并充分挖掘其潜能，最终使他获得了成功。‎ ‎1．A.ignored B．believed C．abandoned D．thanked ‎[解析]　考查动词辨析。A项意为“不理睬，忽视”；B项意为“相信”；C项意为“遗弃，放弃”；D项意为“感谢”。由上文语境并结合“But”表示转折可知，这里表示Ding 22‎ ‎ Ding的母亲对于医生和丈夫的意见不予理睬。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎2．A.fun B．sense C．the most D．a list ‎[解析]　考查词义辨析。make the most of是固定短语，意为“充分利用”，这里表示母亲奉献其一生帮助儿子克服困难并充分利用自己的能力。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎3．A.returned B．accepted C．moved D．compared ‎[解析]　考查动词辨析。A项意为“返回”；B项意为“接受”；C项意为“移动”；D项意为“比较”。由倒数第二段中的“Ding got the offer from Harvard Law School”可知，Ding Ding在29岁时被哈佛大学录取。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎4．A.lied B．apologized C．explained D．suggested ‎[解析]　考查动词辨析。A项意为“说谎”；B项意为“道歉”；C项意为“解释”；D项意为“建议”。根据语境可知，此处指医生建议Ding Ding的母亲Zou Hongyan放弃这个孩子。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎5．A.support B．find C．rescue D．leave ‎[解析]　考查动词辨析。A项意为“支持”；B项意为“发现，找到”；C项意为“拯救，营救”，D项意为“离开”。根据语境可知，医生建议母亲放弃这个孩子，说拯救他是没有价值的。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎6．A.build up B．grow up C．work out D．set out ‎[解析]　考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“增强”；B项意为“成长，长大”；C项意为“解决，算出”；D项意为“开始，出发”。根据语境可知，医生说Ding Ding长大之后，不是残疾就是低智商。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎7．A.super B．extra C．healthy D．low ‎[解析]　‎ 22‎ 考查形容词辨析。A项意为“超级的”；B项意为“额外的”；C项意为“健康的”；D项意为“低的”。根据语境及空格前的“disabled”可知，此处表示残疾的或是低智商的。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎8．A.nurse B．teacher C．father D．friend ‎ ‎[解析]　考查名词辨析。根据上文的“even her husband”和下文的“a burden for the family”及“divorced”可知，此处指Ding Ding的父亲也赞成医生的意见。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎9．A.But B．And C．So D．For ‎[解析]　考查连词辨析。根据下文可知，Ding Ding的母亲坚持救他，而父亲的观点不同，此处表示转折，应用连词but。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎10．A.production B．treatment C．information D．entertainment ‎[解析]　考查名词辨析。A项意为“产品”；B项意为“治疗”；C项意为“信息”；D项意为“娱乐”。由上文内容可知Ding Ding患有脑瘫，需要治疗。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎11．A.quit B．tried C．took up D．turned off ‎[解析]　考查动词(短语)辨析。A项意为“辞职”；B项意为“尝试”；C项意为“从事”；D项意为“关上”。根据语境可知，为了养家和给儿子看病，母亲不得不做好几份工作。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎12．A.himself B．herself C．it D．that ‎[解析]　考查代词辨析。根据语境可知，母亲空闲时间自学如何给儿子按摩僵硬的肌肉。句子主语是“she”，应用反身代词herself。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎13．A.games B．music C．roles D．exams ‎[解析]　考查名词辨析。A项意为“游戏”；B项意为“音乐”；C项意为“角色”；D项意为“考试”。由上文中的“with ________ intelligence”可知，为了开发儿子的智力，母亲跟他一起玩具有教育意义的游戏。故选A。‎ 22‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎14．A.amused B．proud C．tired D．ashamed ‎[解析]　考查形容词辨析。A项意为“觉得好笑的”；B项意为“骄傲的”；C项意为“劳累的”；D项意为“羞愧的”。这里指母亲不想让儿子对自己在身体上存在的缺陷有羞愧感。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎15．A.catch up B．end up C．chat D．agree ‎[解析]　考查动词(短语)辨析。A项意为“赶上”；B项意为“最终，结果”；C项意为“闲聊”；D项意为“同意”。空格前的“so”表示因果关系。因为母亲对儿子很严格，所以他遇到困难时能尽力赶上别人。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎16．A.grade B．test C．schedule D．degree ‎[解析]　考查名词辨析。A项意为“分数”；B项意为“测试”；C项意为“时间表”；D项意为“学位”。由上文中的“graduated”和下文中的“a second degree”可知，Ding Ding从北京大学环境科学专业毕业，获得了学位。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎17．A.year B．size C．room D．kind ‎[解析]　考查名词辨析。由上文中的“in 2011”和“same”可知，此处指同年Ding Ding又获得了一个学位。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎18．A.going over B．applying to C．looking at D．sending for ‎[解析]　考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“复习，检查”；B项意为“申请”；C项意为“看”；D项意为“派人去请”。根据语境可知，此处指Ding Ding从不敢梦想去申报哈佛大学。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎19．A.always B．ever C．never D．yet ‎[解析]　考查副词辨析。A项意为“总是”；B项意为“曾经”；C项意为“从不”；D项意为“然而”。此处指母亲一直鼓励他前行，从不放弃。故选C。‎ 22‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎20．A.However B．Because C．Since D．Whenever ‎[解析]　考查连词辨析。A项意为“不管怎样”；B项意为“因为”；C项意为“既然”；D项意为“无论何时”。由语境可知，无论Ding Ding什么时候遇到问题，母亲总是指引他前行。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D Ⅱ.语法填空 Kierman was born in Sydney, Australia, and grew up near the sea. For more than 40 years, he raced in international sailing 1.____________(compete)．‎ While taking part in 2.____________ important race in 1987, Kierman began to notice the huge amount of rubbish in the world's oceans. He decided to do something about it.‎ He organized a community event called “Clean Up Sydney Harbour”. On Sunday, January 8, 1989, more than 40,000 volunteers came out 3.____________(clear) away rubbish. The next year, Kierman made the clean－up a national event, 4.____________ turned out to be a huge success. Across Australia, about 300,000 people spent the day 5.____________(improve) their local environment.‎ Since then, “Clean Up Australia” has got 6.____________(big) year by year. In 2002, for example, 800,000 people 7.____________(clean) up almost 15,000 tons of rubbish from Australia's beaches, parks and streets.‎ ‎8．____________ (inspire) by the success of his project, Kierman started an even bigger program. 9.____________ the help of the United Nations Environment Program, he introduced “Clean Up the World” to other parts of the world. “Clean Up the World” has been growing 10.____________(rapid) and his wonderful idea has now spread from one city to the whole world.‎ 语篇解读：本文为记叙文。Kierman在参加环球航海比赛中，开始注意到海洋污染。于是，他组织成立了Clean Up Sydney Harbour，并取得了巨大的成功。‎ ‎1．[解析]　该空所填单词在句中作raced in的宾语，需用compete的名词形式。根据语境，此处需用复数。‎ ‎[答案]　competitions ‎2．[解析]　该空表示泛指，important是以元音音素开头的单词，因此该空用an。‎ ‎[答案]　an ‎3．[解析]　to clear away rubbish是不定式短语作目的状语。‎ 22‎ ‎[答案]　to clear ‎4．[解析]　关系代词which指代先行词event，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。‎ ‎[答案]　which ‎5．[解析]　spend time doing sth.表示“某人花时间做某事”。‎ ‎[答案]　improving ‎6．[解析]　这里指的是活动规模一年比一年大，故用比较级。‎ ‎[答案]　bigger ‎7．[解析]　“In 2002”是具体的过去时间作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。‎ ‎[答案]　cleaned ‎8．[解析]　Inspired by the success of his project是过去分词短语作状语，分词动作与逻辑主语Kierman之间是动宾关系。‎ ‎[答案]　Inspired ‎9．[解析]　with the help of...表示“在……的帮助下”。‎ ‎[答案]　With ‎10．[解析]　该空所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，需用rapid的副词形式。‎ ‎[答案]　rapidly 训练二　主观应用题板块训练——重语法，练规范 ‎(限时：45分钟)‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎(2018·湖南六校联考)Have you ever noticed that you feel happier and more relaxed after you eat bread, pasta or fruit? Do you find that you are more energetic and awake after eating yogurt or beans? These things are not accidents. Food affects 1.____________ we feel more than we think. Scientists researching 2.____________(it) effect on our moods are beginning to understand that we can influence our feelings with what we eat.‎ Although our moods relate 3.____________ having various food, it is not quite as simple as choosing the food for the right occasions. If that 4.____________(be) the case, athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race. ‎ Another chemical 5.____________(connect) with our moods is caffeine, which 6.____________(find) in coffee, chocolate and many types of tea, and it is perhaps 7.____________ worst thing you can have when you are feeling stressed.‎ Of course, 8.____________(enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a big part in 22‎ ‎ experiencing happiness.‎ Most 9.____________(important), though, remember the following old rule: try to eat different food, 10.____________ not too much.‎ 语篇解读：我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影响。因此，我们要尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。‎ ‎1．[解析]　分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句；结合语境可以判断，应用疑问副词how引导该从句。‎ ‎[答案]　how ‎2．[解析]　由名词effect可知，应用形容词性物主代词its。‎ ‎[答案]　its ‎3．[解析]　relate to为固定搭配，意为“和……有关系”。‎ ‎[答案]　to ‎4．[解析]　根据该句中的“athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race”可知，该句为虚拟语气，表示对目前情况的虚拟，故从句谓语动词用过去式were。‎ ‎[答案]　were ‎5．[解析]　chemical和connect为动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。‎ ‎[答案]　connected ‎6．[解析]　此处which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为caffeine，和find之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态；此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。‎ ‎[答案]　is found ‎7．[解析]　根据空后的形容词最高级worst可知，空处应用the。‎ ‎[答案]　the ‎8．[解析]　分析该句结构可知，此处为动名词短语在句中作主语。‎ ‎[答案]　enjoying ‎9．[解析]　空处修饰全句，故用副词形式。‎ ‎[答案]　importantly ‎10．[解析]　根据语境可知，尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。根据句意可知，空处应用转折连词。‎ ‎[答案]　but/yet Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·河南南阳一中月考)I have been used to carry small bags with me to many of the places I go to them. When seen someone might need a smile, I just hand him a bag and say “have a nicer day”. I'm delighted see how it puts a smile on his face. I do it in the doctor's office, the grocery store and I had even done it in ‎ 22‎ Walmart. I just like to make a true positive difference in how someone' s day is going. There's the saying that you can't help the whole world but you can be the world with one person. And that's which I want to do: make a difference in their days and let them know that people do care!‎ ‎[答案]　‎ I have been used to small bags with me to many of the places I go to . When someone might need a smile, I just hand him a bag and say “have a day”. I'm delighted see how it puts a smile on his face. I do it in the doctor's office, the grocery store and I even done it in Walmart. I just like to make a positive difference in how someone' s day is going. There's saying that you can't help the whole world but you can be the world one person. And that's I want to do: make a difference in their days and let them know that people do care!‎ Ⅲ.书面表达 ‎(2018·湖南部分重点高中演练)假定你是李华，即将去美国参加一个中美文化夏令营活动。请你根据以下内容要点给你的美国朋友Mike写一封信，告知他你的美国之行。‎ ‎1．此行的目的；‎ ‎2．活动的内容；‎ ‎3．你的期望。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：中美文化交流：Sino－US cultural exchanges Dear Mike，‎ I'm writing to tell you something about my trip to America. ‎ ‎___________________________________________________________‎ ‎___________________________________________________________‎ Yours，‎ 22‎ Li Hua ‎[答案]　‎ Dear_Mike，‎ I'm_writing_to_tell_you_something_about_my_trip_to_America. This summer I am to attend an English summer camp for Sino－US cultural exchanges, which I have long been dreaming about.‎ This program is aimed at promoting the understanding of the people and culture between the two countries. During the two－week English summer camp, we will visit some famous American universities, experience American culture and customs, and tour places of interest in the US. Furthermore, we will also be offered a platform to practice our spoken English in an authentic language environment.‎ I am sure that this program will help me better understand the cultural difference between the two countries. Meanwhile, I can introduce my country to American students through this program, which will definitely be a great success.‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua 22‎