2021届高三英语北师大版一轮总复习教师用书：连词和状语从句

2021届高三英语北师大版一轮总复习教师用书：连词和状语从句

www.ks5u.com ‎(一)连词 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years. I work not because I have to, but because I want to.” ‎ 解析：考查固定搭配。分析句子结构并根据句意“我工作不是因为我不得不工作，而是因为我想工作”可知使用了固定搭配“not...but...不是……而是……”。‎ ‎2．(2016·四川卷)It was time for her to have a new baby，and it was also time for the young panda to be independent.‎ 解析：根据语境可知，“It was time for...”和“it was also time for...”之间是并列关系，故用and连接。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.but改为and 解析：考查连词。此处不是转折关系而是顺承关系，故用and。‎ ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When I studied chemistry at high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.or→and 解析：根据句意“我重新考虑了一下我的目标，决定成为一名医生”可知两个动作之间为顺承关系而不是选择关系，故改为并列连词and。‎ ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip，I told my father that I planned to return every two years，but he agreed.but→and 解析：根据句意可知，此处表示并列关系，用并列连词and。‎ ‎4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent，waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.and→or 解析：考查连词。此处表示“他的或者她的”段落，应该属于一种选择关系，而不是并列关系。‎ ‎5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically，and also mentally in the past few years.and→but 解析：not only...but also...是固定短语，意为“不但……而且……”。‎ ‎6．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.or→and 解析：根据语境可知，新鲜的蔬菜与高品质的油二者之间为并列关系而非选择关系。‎ ‎7．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip.If we stay at home，it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.but→and 解析：第二句句意：我们如果待在家里，会感觉舒适，还不花钱。根据句意可知，“comfortable”与“no need to spend money”之间是并列关系，而不是转折关系。‎ ‎1．并列连词的分类 ‎(1)并列关系：常用连接词and, both...and, neither...nor, not only...but (also), not...but等。‎ I went to his house, and he came to mine.‎ 我去了他家，他来了我家。‎ He not only read the book but also remembered what he had read.‎ 他不但读过这本书而且还记得书的内容。‎ Neither the students nor the teacher agrees to the plan.‎ 不仅是学生们而且老师也不同意这个计划。‎ ‎(2)转折关系：常用连接词but, while等。‎ The winter in Beijing is very cold, while it's very warm in Kunming.‎ 北京冬天很冷，而昆明冬天很温暖。‎ ‎(3)选择关系：常用连接词either...or..., or等。‎ Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?‎ 你愿意离开还是留下来？‎ ‎(4)因果关系：常用连接词for, so等。‎ He must be at home, for the light in his house is still on.‎ 他一定在家，因为他家的灯还亮着。‎ ‎2．使用并列连词的注意事项 ‎(1)主谓一致中的就近原则：neither...nor..., not only...but also...和not...but在连接并列主语时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致。‎ Neither you nor I am to blame.‎ 你和我都不应该受责备。‎ ‎(2)倒装：not only...but also...在连接并列分句时，如果not only置于句首，not only所在的句子要用部分倒装。‎ Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.‎ 不仅帮助人们找工作而且也为需要的人提供医疗护理。‎ ‎(3)“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型是近年来高考的热点，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。‎ A few more steps, and the car will hit you.‎ 再有几步，那车就撞上你了。‎ ‎(4)下列句型中常用并列连词when：‎ ‎①be about to do sth. when...“正要做某事，这时突然……”‎ ‎②be on the point of doing sth. when...“正要做某事，这时突然……”‎ ‎③be doing sth. when...“正在做某事，这时突然……”‎ ‎④had done sth. when...“刚做了某事，这时突然……”‎ He was doing his homework when he heard the scream.‎ 他正在做作业这时他听到了尖叫声。‎ He was about to jump into the river when the guide stopped him.‎ 他正要向河里跳这时导游拦住了他。‎ ‎(二)状语从句 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.‎ 解析：考查固定搭配。根据空格后的hard以及其后的that从句可知此处为so＋adj./adv.＋that从句结构，故填so。‎ ‎2．(2017·浙江卷)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house.‎ 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为so...that...句式，表示“如此……以至于……”，so在此处修饰副词loudly。‎ ‎3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time, as/when the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.‎ 解析：句意：慢慢地，随着人口的增加(或：当人口增加时)，为了使食物熟得更快，人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意可知，as/when引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎4．(2016·四川卷)The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. When/If it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.‎ 解析：第二句句意：当它哭的时候/如果它哭了，熊猫妈妈会来回摇晃它，轻轻拍打，给它安慰。根据句意可知，when(当……时)和if(如果)用在此处都合适。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.where→when 解析：‎ 父母是在我小时候教我玩纸牌游戏的，所以此处要用when引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.去掉much 解析：此处是so...that...句型，表示“如此……以至于……”。so修饰后面的形容词nervous，所以much在此处是多余的。‎ ‎3．(陕西卷)My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.after→when/while 解析：句意：我所犯的唯一的错误就是当我打包它们(饼干)的时候，掉在了地上一些。when/while“当……的时候”，after“在……之后”。根据句意应将after改为when/while。‎ ‎4．(浙江卷)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it.If→Although/Though 解析：句意：尽管在那个教室学习时我仅仅是一个孩子，但我永远忘不了它。根据句意可知，此处并不存在条件关系，而是表示让步，应将If改为Although或Though。‎ ‎1．when, while与as引导的时间状语从句 连词 从句谓语动词 用法指津 when 延续性动词 非延续性动词 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生；当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，而其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用由as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句 while 延续性动词 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 延续性动词 强调主从句动作相伴发生，可译为“一边……一边……；随着”‎ ‎　Metals expand when they are heated.‎ 金属受热时膨胀。‎ While I was reading, he came in.‎ 我正在看书时，他进来了。‎ The students sang as they walked.‎ 学生们边走边唱。‎ As a young man (＝When he was a young man), he was fond of hunting.‎ 他年轻时喜欢打猎。‎ ‎2．before与since引导的时间状语从句 ‎(1)before与since的常用句式 连词 词义 常用句式 before 在……之前；还未……就……；……才……；趁……，还没来得及……‎ It will (not) be＋一段时间＋before...“过……(时间)才……；不多久……就……”‎ It was not long before...“不久……就……”‎ It was＋时间段＋before...“过了……(时间)才……”‎ since 自从……以来 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...(从句用一般过去时)‎ It was＋一段时间＋since...(从句用过去完成时)‎ It will be half a year before I come back.‎ 我半年之后才回来。‎ It won't be long before we meet again.‎ 用不了多久我们就会再见面。‎ It was three days before he came back.‎ 三天后他才回来。‎ ‎(2)since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的是自从句谓语动作开始的那一刻算起；若用延续性动词或状态动词，所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。‎ It's two years since we arrived here.‎ 我们到这儿两年了。‎ It's three years since we lived here.‎ 我们不住在这里有三年了。‎ ‎3．表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句 ‎(1)引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, hardly/scarcely...when/before, no sooner...than...等。‎ Directly you feel any pains, you must go to the doctor.‎ 你一感觉疼痛就必须去找医生。‎ ‎(2)hardly/scarcely...when/before, no sooner...than...中主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner...和hardly/scarcely...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。‎ Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.‎ 他一听到这个消息就哭了。‎ ‎4．until与till引导的时间状语从句 ‎(1)until与till引导时间状语从句的区别 连词 位置 用法指津 until 可以放在句首 not...until可用于强调句型 till 不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句型 I had waited a long time till/until he came back.‎ 他回来时我已等了很长时间。‎ It was not until he told me about it again that I had any idea of it.‎ 直到他又告诉我一遍我才明白。‎ ‎(2)not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。‎ Not until he told me about it again did I have any idea of it.‎ 直到他又告诉我一遍我才明白。‎ ‎(3)until/till用于肯定句时主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，用于否定句时主句的谓语动词为延续性或非延续性动词都可以。‎ They waited till/until I returned.‎ 他们一直等着我回来。‎ ‎5．引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)‎ ‎(1)其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词(短语)还有after, whenever, every time, each time, next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。‎ Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.‎ 每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮忙。‎ ‎(2)by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时；从句如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。‎ By the time you come back, we will have finished the job.‎ 到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。‎ By the time we got there, the rain had stopped.‎ 到我们到达那儿时，雨已经停了。‎ ‎1．引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词有if, unless, as/so long as, in case (万一), once, on condition that, provided/providing (that), supposing (that)等。‎ You'll fail the exam unless you study hard.‎ 除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。‎ As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.‎ 只要你不灰心，你就会成功。‎ ‎2．在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。‎ In case there is a fire, what will we do first?‎ 万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？‎ ‎1．although, though, as与while引导的让步状语从句 ‎(1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；‎ ‎ though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。‎ Although/Though he may be troubled, he always presents a calm smiling face.‎ 尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。‎ Much as/though I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.‎ 虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。‎ Child as he is, he knows a lot.‎ 尽管他还是一个孩子，但他却懂很多。‎ Try as he may, he never succeeds.‎ 尽管他很努力，但他从未成功过。‎ ‎(2)although与though都可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。‎ ‎(3)though还可以作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。‎ I've a bit of cold. It is nothing much, though.‎ 我有点感冒。不过不太严重。‎ ‎(4)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。‎ While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.‎ 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。‎ ‎2．even if与even though引导的让步状语从句 ‎(1)even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。‎ ‎(2)even if与even though引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。‎ I'll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.‎ 我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。‎ Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.‎ 即使我处于你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。‎ ‎3．“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句 ‎(1)“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。‎ Don't trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.‎ 无论他说什么，不要相信他。‎ ‎(2)whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。‎ ‎4．whether...or(not)．..引导的让步状语从句 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.‎ 不管你相信与否，那都是真的。‎ 状语从句类型 从属连词 地点状语从句 where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere 原因状语从句 because, since, now that, as, when (既然), in that, seeing (that)‎ 目的状语从句 so that, in order that, in case (以免，以防), for fear that 结果状语从句 so that, so/such...that 方式状语从句 as, as if/though We must camp where we can get water.‎ 我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。‎ The book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.‎ 这本书不同于那本书，因为这本是关于化学的而那本是关于历史的。‎ I'll speak slowly so that you can make sense of what I said.‎ 我会说得慢一些以便让你听懂我说的内容。‎ The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.‎ 那个老太太对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He was very upset because he had worked so hard for his money that he hoped he could take it with him to heaven.‎ ‎2．An angel heard his pray and appeared. “Sorry, but you can't take your wealth with you.” ‎ ‎3．Stumbling upon a picture of my colleagues in the technical department, I tested myself by trying to name them by the names I had appointed them since I couldn't accurately pronounce their name in Chinese.‎ ‎4．But what can one do if he or she doesn't have a car?‎ ‎5．When he reached the counter to pay, he put the groceries down on the counter.‎ ‎6．In addition, the feet do not smell so much because they stay dry, making it hard for bacteria to grow.‎ ‎7．The school classes generally start anywhere between 8：30 and 9 o'clock in the morning and run until/till 3：‎30 in the afternoon, and they're followed by afterschool activities like sports，music and theater.‎ ‎8．St Peter checked it out, came back and said, “You are right. You are allowed one carryon bag, but I'm supposed to check its contents before letting it through.” ‎ ‎9．He asked his friends to call him when/whenever they said, heard or did something funny.‎ ‎10．He was a billionaire by the time he was 31.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Third, my parents wish me to study science at college so they believe I will have a brighter future as a science student.so→because ‎2．As if we have cars, we may use it less.As→Even ‎3．My brother was trying to catch a butterfly while he fell into the river.while→when ‎4．Though great progress has been made in science these years, but there are still many people living in poor conditions.去掉but ‎5．It is three years when I became a high school student.when→since ‎6．We will be happy whether you can come and spend several days with me here during the coming summer vacation.whether→if ‎7．It's been a long time before we saw each other in Beijing and I'm eager to hear about your life and work at school.before→since ‎8．It was less than a week before I used it that I found something wrong with it.before→after ‎9．Unless you couldn't guess it, you had to sing a song or dance or tell a story.Unless→If ‎10．Fourth, we should develop good characters, such as a strong will and diligence, because good qualities help us to hold on to our dreams since we get into trouble.since→when/if Ⅲ.用适当的连词填空 My classmate Michael studied very hard __1__ he went to senior school. Every day he worked __2__ everyone else in my class left the classroom. He said he wouldn't stop trying __3__ he got satisfying scores in his studies. Hard __4__ he tried, he made little progress, but he didn't lose heart at all __5__ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day. __6__ time went by, he made improvements in his studies and was admitted to a university in Beijing at last. We had a gettogether party __7__ we started our new life in university. Everyone had got offers from universities, __8__ we had a very good time. When we stood __9__ we used to play and study, we couldn't help thinking of our happy old days. We believed we would never forget each other, __10__ we would go or whatever we would do.‎ ‎1．after　2.until　3.unless　4.as/though ‎5．because/as　6.As　7.before　8.so ‎9．where　10.wherever Ⅳ.语法填空 One day，about ten years ago，while __1__ (work) at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History，I saw an elderly couple come in __2__ a little girl in the wheelchair.As I looked closer at this girl，I found that she __3__ (fix) on her chair.I then realized she had no arms or legs，just a head，a neck and her upper body，dressed in a little white skirt.As the couple wheeled her up to me，I turned my head towards the girl.When I took the money from her grandparents，I looked back at the girl，who was giving me the most optimistic smile I had ever seen.All of __4__ sudden，her handicap was __5__ (go) and all I saw was this beautiful girl，__6__ smile just melted me and almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of __7__ life is all about.She took me from a poor，unhappy college student and __8__ (bring) me into her world: a world of smiles，love and __9__ (warm)．‎ I'm a successful businessman now and __10__ I think about the troubles of the world，I think about that little girl and the remarkable lesson about life that she taught me.‎ 本文主要讲述了一个大学生在打工期间被一个重度残疾的小姑娘感动的故事。‎ ‎1．working　‎ 解析：考查状语从句的省略。在含有while引导的状语从句的复合句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且含有be动词的某种形式时，可将从句的主语和be动词省略，构成省略结构。本句补充完整为：while I was working at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History。故此处应填working。‎ ‎2．with　‎ 解析：考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处为with复合结构，在句子中作状语，故填介词with。‎ ‎3．was_fixed　‎ 解析：‎ 考查动词时态和语态。在that引导的宾语从句中，fix和主语she构成被动关系，且表示发生在过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎4．a　‎ 解析：考查冠词。all of a sudden为固定搭配，意为“突然”，符合语境。‎ ‎5．gone　‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。过去分词gone充当形容词，意为“不见了”，符合语境。‎ ‎6．whose　‎ 解析：考查定语从句。whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰smile。‎ ‎7．what　‎ 解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作介词about的宾语，表示物的概念，故填what。‎ ‎8．brought　‎ 解析：考查动词的时态。空处与上文中的took构成并列关系，表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．warmth　‎ 解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的内容可知，空处与smiles和love构成并列关系，故此处用名词形式，故填warmth。‎ ‎10．when/whenever　‎ 解析：考查连词。此处表示“我无论何时想起世界上的困难，总是会想起那个小女孩”，故此处应用when/whenever引导状语从句，在从句中作时间状语。‎ Ⅴ.短文改错 Nowadays many people drive instead of taking a bus or walking to work.It causes more traffic accidents.As the student，what can we do to guarantee our safe？First of all，the traffic rules must be strict obeyed.When we cross streets，wait until the traffic light turn green.Next，don't forget walk on the pavement.Finally，I think it very dangerously to wear headphones while walking or cycling.Since we can't pay enough ‎ attention on the traffic around us，so accidents may happen.Taking good care of ourselves and don't let our parents worry about them.‎ 答案