高中英语UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorldSection

高中英语UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorldSection

真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 1 Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading-Pre-reading Monsters in Scotland It is said that Nessie is a lake monster inhabiting Loch Ness in Scotland. This monster is one of the bestknown cryptids (未知生物) studied by cryptology (密 码学). Popular belief and interest in the animal has fluctuated over the years since it came to the world's attention in 1933.Evidence of its existence is largely anecdotal (轶闻趣事的), with minimal, and much disputed, photographic material and sonar reading, there has not been any physical evidence (skeletal remains, capture of a live animal, definitive tissue samples or spoor) uncovered as of 2008. A similar loch monster named Morag is reported to live in Loch Mora, Scotland.After Nessie herself, Morag is among the best known of Scodand's legendary monsters. Secrets in Stone Stonehenge is a group ofhuge stones in England.It was probably built about 5,000 years ago.So how did its makers manage to transport, shape, raise and connect the giant stones？Even more mysterious, how did they know how to position the stones in exactly the right spots to measure the movements of the sun and the moon? The 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 2 answer is: no one knows. There are megaliths, or big stones, all over the world.On Easter Island there are about 900 giant stone heads. The statues are from 3 to 12 metres high.Some weigh over 45 tons.That's more than the weight of seven elephants! How did the statues get on Easter Island? A legend says they walked there.The mystery is still waiting to be solved. Section_Ⅰ Introduction & Reading — Prereading [原文呈现] The Monster①of Lake Tianchi The “Monster of Lake Tianchi” in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, northeast China, is back in the news② after several recentsightings③. The director of a local tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster, which seemed to be④ black in colour⑤， was ten metres from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting. “It jumped out of the water like aseal⑥ — about 200 people on Changbai's western peak⑦ saw it，” he said. Although no one really got a clear look at⑧ the mysterious⑨ creature, Xue Junlin, a local photographer, claimed⑩ that its head looked like a horse. In another recent sighting, a group of soldiers claim they saw an animal moving ⑪ on the surface⑫ of the water. The soldiers, who were walking along the side of the lake ⑬ ， watched the creature swimming ⑭ for about two minutes. “It was greenishblack and had a round head with⑮ 10centimetre horns⑯，” one of the soldiers said. A third report⑰ came from⑱ Li Xiaohe, who was visiting the lake with his family ⑲. He claims to have seen⑳ a round black creature moving quickly through the water. After three or four hundred metres it dived○21 into the water. Ten minutes later○22 the monster appeared○23 again and repeated the action. Mr Li Xiaohe said that he and his family ○24were able to see the monster clearly○25 because the weather was fine 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 3 and the lake was calm○26. [读文清障] ①monster/'mɒnstə/n.怪物 ②be back in the news 再次成为新闻 ③sighting/'saItIŋ/n.(珍奇动物等的)目击；发现 ④seem to be 似乎是 There seems to be ... 似乎有…… ⑤which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the monster, 且在从句中作主语。 ⑥seal/siːl/n.海豹 ⑦peak n．山峰 ⑧get a clear look at 清晰地看 ⑨mysterious/mI'stIəriəs/adj.神秘的 ⑩claim/kleIm/vt.声称 claim to do/that ... ⑪moving 在此处作宾补，表示“正在移动”。 ⑫surface/'sɜːfIs/n.表面；水面 ⑬who 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the soldiers，且在从句中作主语。 ⑭watch ... doing sth. 看见……正在做某事 ⑮with prep.带有 ⑯horn/hɔːn/n.(动物头上的)角 ⑰“a third＋n.”意为“又一……”。 ⑱come from 来自 ⑲who 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Li Xiaohe, 且在从句中作主语。 ⑳to have seen 为动词不定式的完成式。○21dive/daIv/vi.潜水 ○22ten minutes later 10 分钟之后 later(在……之后)放在名词之后 ○23appear vi.出现(没有被动语态) ○24was/were able to do sth. (当时)成功做了某事。 ○25because 引导原因状语从句。 ○26calm/kɑːm/adj.平静的 天池里的怪物 [第 1～3 段译文] 最近，几次有人在中国东北吉林省长白山的天池看见怪物，这使得怪物再次成为新闻话 题。据当地的旅游办公室主任孟凡迎介绍，最近有人看见怪物就在离湖边 10 米的地方，它 的颜色似乎是黑色的。他说：“大约有 200 人从长白山的西峰看见过怪物，它像海豹一样跃 出水面。”尽管没有人真正看清楚过这个神秘怪物，但当地的一位摄影师薛俊林声称它的头 看起来像马头。 最近还有一次目击，一群士兵声称，他们看见水面上有动物在游动。正在湖边行走的士 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 4 兵们看到这一生物游了大约两分钟。其中一名士兵说：“它的颜色是浅绿带黑，圆形的头上 有 10 厘米长的角。” 还有一则报道来自李晓和，当时他和他的家人正在湖边游玩。他声称看见一个黑黑的、 圆圆的动物在水中快速游动。三四百米后潜入水中。10 分钟后，怪物再次出现，并重复了 相同的动作。李晓和先生说他和家人都清楚地看见了怪物，因为当时天气好，湖水平静。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 5 There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since○27 the beginning of the last century, although no one has seen one close up○28. Some photos have been taken but they are not clear because it was too far away. Many people think the monster may○29 be a distant○30 cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland. They also think that there might be similar○31 creatures○32 in other lakes around the world. Scientists, however○33， are sceptical○34. They say that the lowtemperature lake isunlikely○35 to be able to support such large living creatures○36. Lake Tianchi is the highest volcanic○37 lake in the world. It is 2,189 metres high○38 and covers○39 an area of about ten square kilometres. In places it is more than○40 370 metres deep○41. ○27since prep.自从……以来 since 还可作连词，连接从句，主句用完成时。 ○28although 引导让步状语从句；固定短语 close up 意为“向前靠近”，为副词短语作 状语。 ○29may “或许，也许”，表推测。 ○30distant adj.远的 a distant relative 远亲 ○31similar adj.相似的，类似的 ○32that 引导宾语从句。 ○33however adv.“然而”，表转折，要用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 ○34sceptical/'skeptIkl/adj.怀疑的；不相信的 be sceptical about 怀疑…… ○35unlikely/ʌn'laIklI/adj.不可能的 be unlikely to do sth. 不可能做某事 ○36living creatures 生物 ○37volcanic/vɒl'kænIk/adj.火山的 ○38It is＋数字＋n.＋adj.(high, deep, long ...)……有……(高、深、长等)。 ○39cover/'kʌvə/vt.占地(多大面积) ○40more than 多于 ○41deep 表具体的“深”，deeply 表抽象的“深”。 [第 4～5 段译文] 自上世纪初以来，一直就有关于天池怪物的报道，尽管还不曾有人近距离目睹过。有人 拍到过怪物的一些照片，但由于距离太远，它们看起来模糊不清。许多人认为，它可能是苏 格兰尼斯湖怪物的远房表亲。他们还认为，在世界其他地方的湖泊里也许有类似的生物。然 而，科学家们表示怀疑。他们说，水温这样低的湖泊不可能生存有体形如此巨大的动物。 天池是世界上最高的火山湖。它海拔 2 189 米，占地约 10 平方公里。有的地方水深达 370 多米。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 6 Prereading Please match the words with their proper meanings. 1．attack A．adj.锋利的，尖的 2．frightening B．n.杂志，学报 3．exist C．adj.吓人的 4．sharp D．vt.声称 5．journal E．vt.袭击；攻击 6．mysterious F．adj.怀疑的，不相信的 7．claim G．vi.存在 8．surface H．adj.不可能的 9．calm I．adj.平静的 10．sceptical J．n.表面；水面 11．unlikely K．adj.神秘的 12．cover L．vt.占地(多大面积) 答案：1～6 ECGABK 7～12 DJIFHL Leadin Read the following pictures and match them with the given names. A．The Bigfoot B．The Yeti C．The Loch Ness Monster D．The UFO E．The Dinosaur F．The Pyramid 答案：1～6 ACBFDE 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 7 Whilereading Fastreading Skim the text and match the main idea with each part. 1．Part 1 (Paras.1—3) A．Some information about Lake Tianchi. 2．Part 2 (Para.4) B．Three reports about the monster in the Lake Tianchi. 3．Part 3 (Para.5) C．Different opinions on monsters in the Lake Tianchi. 答案：1～3 BCA Carefulreading Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．Read the beginning of the passage and decide where it comes from ________. A．A tourist guide. B．A newspaper. C．A dictionary. D．A scientific journal. 2．What does this passage tell us? A．The monster of Lake Tianchi. B．Something about travel in Tianchi. C．Some strange scenes of Lake Tianchi. D．Someone has seen the monster close up. 3．Li Xiaohe and his family were able to see the monster clearly because________. A．they were close to the monster B．the water was very clean C．the weather was fine and the lake was calm D．they used a telescope 4．The underlined word in this sentence “Scientists, however, are sceptical.” means that________. A．knowing sth. well B．knowing nothing C．having fun D．having doubts 5．The following statements about Lake Tianchi are true EXCEPT that________. A．it is the highest volcanic lake in the world B．it is 2,189 meters high C．it covers an area of about ten square kilometers D．it is 370 meters deep 答案：1～5 BACDD 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 8 Studyreading Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text. 1．The director of a local tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster, which seemed to be black in colour, was ten meters from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting. [句式分析] [尝试翻译] 据当地的旅游办公室主任孟凡迎说，最近有人看见怪物就在离湖边十米的 地方，它的颜色似乎是黑色的。 2．Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature, Xue Junlin, a local photographer, claimed that its head looked like a horse. [句式分析] [尝试翻译] 尽管没有人真正看清楚过这个神秘怪物，但当地的一位摄影师薛俊林声称 它的头看起来像马头。 3．The soldiers, who were walking along the side of the lake, watched the creature swimming for about two minutes. [句式分析] who 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 the soldiers, 谓语是 watched, the creature 为宾语，swimming 为宾语补足语。 [尝试翻译] 正在湖边行走的士兵们看到这一生物游了大约两分钟。 4．Mr Li Xiaohe said that he and his family were able to see the monster clearly because the weather was fine and the lake was calm. [句式分析] that 引导宾语从句，从句中 because 又引导原因状语从句。 [尝试翻译] 李晓和先生说他和家人都清楚地看见了怪物，因为当时天气好，湖水平静。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 9 A There are some unusual things living in the world's oceans: a “city” made up of tens of millions of relatives of starfish living on the peak of a seamount, or underwater peak north of the Antarctic Circle; a huge, 16inch long by onequarterinch wide mollusk (软体动物), Chaetoderma felderi, discovered deep in the Gulf of Mexico near Louisiana; and enormous bacteria (细菌) in the eastern South Pacific that may help clean polluted ocean floors. Those are just some of the 5,300 new ocean species that scientists have identified so far. The findings are a general situation of aquatic life. Scientists estimate that the number of sea creatures will come in around 230,000. Some 2,000 scientists from 82 countries are working on the project, which will eventually collect DNA “barcodes” for many of them, estimates of changes in their populations and how they fit into the food chain, and Web pages with the Encyclopedia of Life, a project to put information about all known species online. Another striking finding is a “white shark cafe”— a gathering of white sharks midway between California and Hawaii. In a March interview with CBC Radio One, marine scientist Barbara Block speculated (推测) that the sharks are meeting there to eat and socialise. As the research goes on, not only do scientists have a better picture of the distribution (分布) of the animals that stay in place, they are also approaching a global picture of the movements of animals. 语篇解读：本文介绍了海底的情况，涉及科学家对海洋生物的研究。 1．Which of the following may make the polluted ocean floor clean? A．Starfish. B．Mollusk. C．Bacteria. D．Sharks. 解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，细菌可能对海底有清洁作用。 2．The underlined word “aquatic” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．oceanic B．imaginative C．various D．newly found 解析：选 A 词义猜测题。全文涉及的都是科学家对海洋生物的研究，因此此处也是指 海洋生物的普遍情况。 3．We can learn from the passage that the scientists are working on ________. A．the design of the new Web pages 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 10 B．the change of the food chain C．the feeding of white sharks D．the collection of DNA barcodes 解析：选 D 细节理解题。第三段说明，收集海洋动物的条码是科学家的工作内容之一。 4．What may be the scientists' final goal? A．To find new ocean species. B．To learn the movements of white sharks. C．To draw a picture of the distribution of white sharks. D．To draw a global picture of the movements of animals. 解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，这项研究会令科学家了解全球动物的 分布并最终绘制出一幅海洋动物活动情况的全景图。 B Windbreaks are barriers (屏障) formed by trees and other plants. Farmers plant these barriers around their fields, which help prevent the loss of soil and stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops. Besides, extra trees and plants can be cut down and used or sold for wood. Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, in parts of West Africa grain harvests were twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without them. But here is something interesting about windbreaks. They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil. Then the soil will be blown away. For this reason, a windbreak works best if it contains only 60 to 80 percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line. An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to 10 times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak. There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. One line should be large trees. The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees or other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks. Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being washed away. And trees can provide animals with shade from the sun. 语篇解读：本文是说明文。介绍了防护林的有关知识。 5．The advantages of building a windbreak are as follows EXCEPT ________. A．keeping the wind from destroying grain crops 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 11 B．increasing the production of grain harvests C．providing humans with shade from the sun D．reducing the damaging effects of wind and rain 解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops.”可排除 A 项；根据第二段第二句“... grain harvests were twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks ...”可排除 B 项；根据最后一段倒 数第三句“Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain.”可排除 D 项。故答 案为 C 项。 6．The author thinks windbreaks are interesting because ________. A．the movement of air lifts the soil B．windbreaks allow some wind to pass through C．large trees are lined with short ones D．windbreaks can stop the wind getting through 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第三段的前四句可知，防护林的有趣之处在于它可以允 许一些风穿过防护林，从而防止土壤流失，故答案为 B 项。 7．If the trees grow to a height of 30 feet, the areas the windbreak can protect are ________. A．100 square feet B．151 square feet C．240 square feet D．300 square feet 解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“... windbreaks can protect areas up to 10 times the height of ...”可知，30 英尺高的防护林可以保护 300 平方英尺地 区，故答案为 D 项。 8．What can be inferred from the text? A．Extra trees and plants can be out down for wood. B．The environment is going from bad to worse. C．Trees and plants from abroad are the best for windbreaks. D．Windbreaks can contribute to agriculture harvests. 解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据第二段对于西非的介绍可推知防护林可以促进农业的丰 收，故答案为 D 项。 C Gardens in Scotland Dirleton Castle The garden at Dirleton, dating from the 16th century, now is a mixture of formal tradition and modern plantings. Recognized by the Guiness Book of World Records as 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 12 having the world's longest herbaceous (草本的) border. Location：3 m W North Berwick, on A198 Website: Dirleton Castle Phone：01620 850 330 Accommodation：nearest hotels — nearest Self catering Hirsel Gardens and Country Park Spring flowers. Long walks through the 3,000 acre garden. Large lake with bird hide. Displays of garden life in Homestead Museum on the grounds. Location：W Coldstream, off A697 Website：Hirsel Gardens and Country Park Email：info@hirselcountrypark.co.uk Phone：01573 224 144 Accommodation：nearest hotels — nearest Self catering Pitmedden Garden Formal garden with various flower designs, first created in the 17th century. The formal garden is best visited in July and August when 30－40,000 annuals (一 年生植物) are in bloom. Woodland walk and nature paths where rare or endangered species can be viewed. Location：A920, 1 m(1.6 km) W Pitmedden Website：Pitmedden Garden Phone：0844 493 2177 Accommodation：nearest hotels — nearest Self catering Kinnoull Hill Tower Lying on the extreme edge of a high hill overlooking the Tay River. Built in the early 19th century, it consists of a round tower set between walls, battlements and arches (拱门). The surrounding land is a country park with nature paths through the woods. Location：A90 by exit 11 from M90 Website：Kinnoull Hill Tower Accommodation：nearest hotels — nearest Self catering 语篇解读：本文是应用文。介绍苏格兰不同风格的四个花园。 9．If you like a lakeside walk and watch wild birds, you would probably go to ________. A．3 m W North Berwick, on A198 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 13 B．W Coldstream, off A697 C．A920, 1 m (1.6 km) W Pitmedden D．A90 by exit 11 from M90 解析：选 B 细节理解题。第二个花园 Hirsel Gardens and Country Park 的介绍中有 “Large lake with bird hide”的内容。 10．Which of the following websites is most useful to a college student who wants to find a garden to study endangered species? A．Dirleton Castle. B．Hirsel Gardens and Country Park. C．Pitmedden Garden. D．Kinnoull Hill Tower. 解析：选 C 细节理解题。在第三个花园 Pitmedden Garden 中，人们可以观赏濒临灭 绝的动植物等。 11．Dirleton Castle entered the Guiness Book of World Records because of its ________. A．old history B．large area C．varieties of plants D．long herbaceous border 解析：选 D 细节理解题。从第一个花园的介绍中可知 Dirleton Castle 进入吉尼斯世 界纪录，因为它拥有最长边缘的草本植物。 12．We are advised to visit Pitmedden Garden in July or August because ________. A．we can see some rare animals then B．the weather is fine then C．we can see flowers in full bloom then D．it is open to public then 解析：选 C 细节理解题。从本花园介绍的“when 30－40,000 annuals (一年生植物) are in bloom”可知答案。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Everyone has had to deal with a friend who says, “Can I borrow some money? I promise I'll pay you back.” __1__， but here are some steps that will help you get back the money you've lent and keep your friendship complete. ·Decide if you want to lend the money. It doesn't mean that you have to say yes when your friend is asking for a loan. Think carefully about whether this is 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 14 something you feel comfortable doing. You may want to consider：How is your friend with money? __2__？ Why does your friend need the money? ·__3__. You might settle for a verbal (口头的) agreement since it's with someone you're close to, but putting the loan in writing will enable both of you to treat it as a business arrangement. The agreement should spell out the terms, including any interest and the punishment for late payments. ·State your repayment terms clearly. Decide how much and how often payments are to be made, and then keep to that schedule. __4__. It's better to figure out what you will do if your friend can't make a payment ahead of time than trying to work it out when it happens. ·Follow up in a businesslike way. Make a note in your calendar to remind your friend a few days ahead of the due date. Wait to see if your friend pays on the due date without the reminder. If not, tell him of her when you might expect payment, and let him or her explain the delay. __5__， set a new date for the payment. A．There is no way B．Once you've heard the explanation C．Discuss what happens if a payment is missed D．How much does your friend want E．Whether you decide to lend the money is up to you F．You could lose your money and relationship G．Put everything in writing 答案：1～5 EDGCB