2019届一轮复习人教版必修1Unit5WelsonMandela--amodernhero

2019届一轮复习人教版必修1Unit5WelsonMandela--amodernhero

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修1UnitWelson Mandela--a modern hero单元学案设计 ‎1. 了解Nelson Mandela的生平事迹，了解伟人所应具备的优秀品质，学习他们在艰苦的环境下为人类做贡献、不追求享乐的高尚精神，以提高自身素质。‎ ‎2. 能用恰当的语言简单地描述人物，并简单地表达自己的意见。‎ What are the qualities of a great person? Active, generous, selfless, devoted, hard－working or willing to help others? What is your opinion? Sun Yat－sen founded the first Republic based on three principles. Gandhi fought for freedom in peaceful ways. Mandela worked as an educated lawyer to offer legal guidance to the poor black people in trouble or out of work. He believed all are born equal and every one shouldn't lose heart. But the black suffered cruelty and terror and even reached a stage where many begged for food from their relatives. He set up ANC Youth League. He was hopeful about equal rights but failed. He decided to answer violence with violence. As a matter of fact, he attacked the laws and blew up government buildings. In 1962, he was sentenced to prison where no one could escape but he came to power as ‎ president in 1994. Most people voted for him. Also he was rewarded with the Nobel Peace Prize. ‎ ‎1. quality n. 质量；品质；性质 ‎ ‎2. peaceful adj. 和平的；平静的；安宁的 ‎ ‎3. devote vt. (与to连用)献身；专心于 ‎ ‎4. in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 ‎ ‎5. turn to 求助于；致力于 ‎ ‎6. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 ‎ ‎1. 你的看法是什么？‎ What is your opinion?‎ ‎2. 但是黑人遭受的残忍和恐怖甚至到了不得不向亲戚们乞求食物来生存的阶段。‎ But the black suffered cruelty and terror and even reached a stage where many begged for food from their relatives.‎ ‎★mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 ‎★active adj. 积极的；活跃的 ‎★generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的 ‎ ‎★found vt. 建立；建设 ‎ ‎★lawyer n. 律师 ‎ ‎★fee n. 费(会费、学费等)；酬金 ‎ ‎★out of work 失业 ‎★hopeful adj. 怀有希望的；有希望的 ‎ ‎★stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期 ‎★vote vt. & vi. 投票；选举 n. 投票 ‎ ‎★attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击 ‎ ‎★as a matter of fact 事实上 ‎★blow up 使充气；爆炸 ‎★equal adj. 相等的；平等的 ‎★willing adj. 乐意的；自愿的 ‎★unfair adj. 不公正的；不公平的 ‎ ‎★escape vi. 逃脱；逃走；泄露 ‎ ‎★educate vt. 教育；训练 ‎ ‎★come to power 当权；上台 ‎★beg vi. 请求；乞求 ‎★relative n. 亲戚；亲属 ‎ ‎★reward n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏 ‎ ‎★set up 设立；建立 ‎★sentence vt. 判决；宣判 ‎ ‎★opinion n. 意见；看法；主张 ‎★selfish adj. 自私的 ‎ ‎★selfless adj. 无私的；忘我的 ‎ ‎★selflessly adv. 无私地；忘我地 ‎★devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 ‎ ‎★guidance n. 指导；领导 一、重点单词需牢记 ‎1. quality n. 质量；品质；性质 adj. 优质的 be superior in quality 质量好 give a taste of one's quality 显显自己的本领 ‎ be of good/bad quality好/坏的品质 be of the best quality最好的品质 be of high/poor quality优质/劣质 ‎ The changes of quantity cause the changes of quality.‎ 量变引起质变。 ‎ The sweater is of good quality. ‎ 这件毛衣质地很好。 ‎ qualification n. 资格，学历 ‎ qualified adj. 有资格的 quality和quantity quality 表示“质量”。和quality连用的动词有improve, judge；连用的形容词有poor，high，good, top等。quantity 表示“数量”，常与large，small等词搭配。 ‎ ‎2. devote vt. (与to连用)献身；专心于 ‎ devote oneself to献身于……；致力于……‎ devote...to...把……奉献于……；把……专注于……‎ devote one's life to...把一生致力于/奉献于……‎ Zaragoza has devoted all his life to the field of science.‎ Zaragoza把他的一生都献给了这一科学领域。 ‎ devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚 be devoted to...专心于……；奉献于……‎ 类似于devote...to...的结构中to为介词的词组还有：‎ object to 反对　　　　　attend to 办理；照顾；注意听 look forward to 期待 be opposed to 反对 stick to 坚持 lead to 导致 pay attention to 注意到 be related to 与……有关 see to 负责…… refer to 提到；指的是 ‎3. vote vt. & vi. 投票；选举 n. 投票；选票；表决 take a vote on就……投票 ‎ give one's vote to/for 投赞成……的票 vote for/against 投票赞成/反对……‎ vote in/out选出/罢免某人 Not everybody has the vote. 并不是每个人都有投票权。 ‎ I gave my vote to Mr. Wang. 我把票投给了王先生。‎ ‎(2)用vote的适当形式填空 ‎①He won the election because he got most__votes__．‎ ‎②Tom__was__voted__in as their new chairman. ‎ voter n. 选民，投票人 voting n. 投票；选举 ‎4. attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击 ‎ make an attack on/ upon 攻击，向……进攻 ‎ open an attack 开始进攻 be attacked with (a disease)患/害病 ‎ have an attack of (病情)发作 The planes began their attack on the city.‎ 飞机开始攻击这个城市。 ‎ Can the town be secured against attack? ‎ 能保护这个市镇不受攻击吗？‎ ‎5. equal adj. 相等的；平等的 vt. 等于；比得上 n．同等的人；相等物 be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任某物/做某事 A equals B in... A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌 without equal无与伦比 feel equal to [口]能胜任，有能力去做 be the equal to one's word 说到做到 ‎ A pound is roughly equal to 500 grams.‎ 一磅约等于500克。 ‎ She did not feel equal to receiving visitors. ‎ 她身体不适， 不能接见客人。‎ equality n．平等 equally adv. 相等地；同等地；均等地 ‎6. escape vi. 逃脱；逃走；泄露 n. 逃脱 escape from...从……逃脱；逃避 escape doing/being done 逃避(被)做某事 escape death ＝ a narrow escape死里逃生 ‎ We were lucky to escape being punished. ‎ 我们很幸运，没有受罚。‎ The soldier escaped from the enemy's prison. ‎ 这个士兵从敌人的监狱里逃了出来。‎ The thief jumped into a car and made his escape. ‎ 小偷跳上汽车逃走了。‎ ‎7. reward n. 报酬；奖金 v．报答；奖赏 as a reward (for...)作为 (对……的)报答 give a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事给某人报酬(或赏金)‎ reward sb. with sth. for sth.为某事用某物/事报答某人 ‎ It's a reward for virtue. 那是对美德的回报。 ‎ She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.‎ 她因自己的努力而得到一笔奖金。 ‎ 名词 动词 award 奖品，奖金 意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：award sb. sth. ＝award sth. to sb. ‎ reward 报酬，奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬 多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb. for (doing)sth. ‎ ‎【例8】用opinion相关短语的适当形式填空 ‎①我对此实在不能形成什么看法或意见。‎ I can't __form__any__idea__or opinion about it.‎ ‎②他请我对那些画提提意见。‎ He __asked__my__opinion__of the pictures. ‎ ‎③我认为你的外套不值这么多钱。‎ ‎__In__my__opinion,__your new coat is not worth so much money.‎ ‎8. opinion n. 意见；看法；主张 What's your opinion of the plan? 你认为这项计划怎样？‎ ask the opinion of sb.征求某人的意见 form an opinion about形成……的看法 in one's opinion就某人的观点看来 What is your opinion of...? ‎ ‎＝What do you think of...? ‎ ‎＝ How do you like...? ‎ ‎＝ How do you find...? 你觉得……怎么样？ (用于询问对人或事物的喜欢程度、态度、看法等) ‎ 二、重点短语需精通 ‎1. out of work 失业 ‎ He was out of work when the factory closed.‎ 工厂倒闭后他失业了。‎ ‎ out of employment 失业 be laid off 被裁员，被解雇 ‎ out of business破产；歇业 　　　out of control失控 out of repair失修 out of order有毛病 out of date过时 out of one's reach够不着 out of danger脱险 out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能的 out of patience失去耐心 ‎ ‎2. as a matter of fact 事实上 ‎ As a matter of fact, I was the one who did it.‎ 其实，做这件事的就是我。 ‎ in fact ＝ in reality实际上，事实上 ‎ As a matter of fact, I was worked out. ‎ 事实上我已经筋疲力尽了。‎ Everyone likes the stranger, but in reality, he is a criminal. ‎ 每个人都喜欢这位陌生人，但其实他是个罪犯。‎ ‎3. in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 ‎ The boy caused a lot of trouble to his parents; he was always in trouble. ‎ 这个男孩给他的父母招来很多麻烦，他甚为苦恼。‎ ask for/look for trouble找麻烦 make trouble制造麻烦 take trouble to do sth. 费心做某事 get into trouble遇到麻烦 have trouble (in)doing sth. ‎ ‎＝ have difficulty (in)doing sth. 做某事有困难 save/spare trouble省事 get sb. into/out of trouble使某人陷入或摆脱困境 ‎ ‎4. turn to 翻到；转向；求助于；致力于；查询，咨询 Please turn to Page 40.‎ 请翻到40页。‎ Follow the main road until it branches, and then turn to the right. ‎ 顺着这条大路走，在路的分岔口向右拐。‎ However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.‎ 但是当事情超出我的能力时，我向同学或老师求助。 ‎ We have to turn to some bigger companies for technical help. ‎ 我们不得不向一些更大的公司寻求技术援助。 ‎ ‎5. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 Don't lose heart; you still have more chances.‎ 别灰心，你还有更多的机会。‎ lose one's heart to爱上，喜欢 ‎ heart and soul全心全意 break one's heart心碎 put one's heart into把全部心思放在 learn/know by heart记熟 ‎ take heart 鼓起勇气，振作起来 ‎6. come to power 当权；上台 As soon as their party came to power，they changed the law. ‎ 他们的政党一上台，他们就开始修改法律。 ‎ be in power 当权，执政 take/seize/lose power掌握/夺取/失去权力(政权)‎ within/beyond one's power在权力范围之内/之外 ‎ 由come into＋名词可构成的短语：‎ come into action 开始行动 come into fashion 流行 come into effect 生效 come into office 就职 ‎7. set up 设立；建立 How long will it take to set up the projector? ‎ 把这个放映机安放好需要多长时间？‎ A new government was set up after the war. ‎ 新政府于战后成立。 ‎ ‎ ‎ set about doing sth. 开始做或处理；着手做……‎ set out to do sth. 开始做或处理；着手做……‎ set aside 留出/节省(时间或钱)；对……不予考虑 set off 引爆；激发；出发；启程 be set in...以……为背景，故事发生在……‎ ‎8. be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)‎ He was sentenced to 10 years in a labour camp. ‎ 他被判处劳动改造10年。‎ He has been sentenced to pay a fine of $500. ‎ 他被判罚款500美元。 ‎ announce sentence on sb.宣布对某人的判决 ‎ be sentenced to hard labour被判服苦役 be sentenced to six months in prison被判处六个月监禁 be under the sentence of death被判处死刑 ‎ have sb. sentenced to death判某人死刑 sentence sb. to death判某人死刑 receive a sentence of two years 被判两年徒刑 ‎ 三、重点句式能熟用 ‎1. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.我第一次向一个(‎ 参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里很不好受。 ‎ 句中的the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。‎ He was writing a letter the first time I saw him.‎ 我第一次见到他时，他在写一封信。‎ 名词(短语)作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：‎ the moment/the minute/the instant ‎＝as soon as 一……就……‎ every time每次 each time每当……‎ next time下次……时 ‎ last time上次……时 any time在任何时候 by the time到……为止 ‎2. ...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。‎ only then did we decide to answer violence with violence是倒装结构。当only修饰副词或其他状语置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。Only recently have I thought of them.‎ 直到最近我才想起他们。‎ Only after the lesson did she discover that she had lost her handbag. ‎ 下了课她才发现自己丢了手提包。‎ Only when the war was over was he able to return home. ‎ 只有战争结束，他才能回家。 ‎ 四、话题写作多积累 训练五：写人物介绍 人物介绍是高考中常见的书面表达形式之一，它主要是简单介绍某人的生平，从外貌到性格，从事迹到品质来进行描述。若作者语言基础扎实，就会写得有声有色。如果作者思想深刻，夹叙夹议，就会给人以教育和启迪。‎ ‎1. 人物写作通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格等多个方面，但英语写作需要严格按照写作要求来写，要包括所给的全部信息点，既不能遗漏，也不能随意添加。‎ ‎2. 对题目所给的信息要进行适当重组，安排好写作顺序，突出重点信息。‎ ‎3. 正确运用描写人物的词汇和句型。 ‎ 写作步骤：‎ ‎(1)Birthday and birth place ‎(2)Family background ‎(3)Education ‎(4)Big events in his or her life ( 按时间顺序 )‎ ‎(5)Evaluation评价 ‎ ‎1. Birthday and birth place ‎ was / were born on...in...‎ ‎2. Family background ‎ ‎1)a poor / rich family, 2)his (her)family was so poor that..., 3)with the help of his parents, 4)his father was very strict with him..., 5)the son of a poor family, 6)when he was a small boy, 7)as a child, 8)during his (her)childhood, 9)spend his childhood in..., 10)live a happy (hard)life, 11)a boy of 15 ‎ ‎3. Education ‎1)graduate from...university, 2)When at college, he majored in..., 3)receive a doctor's degree, 4)be well educated, 5)go abroad for further studies ‎4. Big events in his life ‎1)be interested in..., 2)work hard at..., 3)devote his lifetime to..., 4)do research about / into..., 5)be fond of..., 6)be strict in sth., 7)have a．..way of doing sth., 8)try one's best to do sth.，9)encourage sb. to do sth.，10)fight for，11)give up one's life for sb. / sth., 12)win a prize in...competition, 13)be good at ‎5. Evaluation ‎1)one of the best (most important)．.., 2)set a good example to sb.，3)a model teacher, 4)be respected by everyone, 5)sing high praise for...，speak (think)highly of..., 6)his hard work brought him great success, 7)his heroic story spread all over the country, 8)remember sb. forever, 9)be honored as..., 10)be famous as..., 11)be regarded as...‎ ‎【例1】完成句子 ‎①他仔细检查家具的品质。‎ He examined the__quality__of__the__furniture carefully. ‎ ‎②他具备了一个成功商人应具有的所有品质。‎ He has__all__the__qualities__of a successful businessman.‎ ‎③这种新型号质量非常好，而且也不贵。‎ ‎ This new model is__of__high__quality__and is not expensive either.‎ ‎④他死了，留下大量未发表的作品。‎ He died and left__a__large__quantity__of__unpublished works. ‎ ‎⑤毫无疑问， 他能胜任这份工作。‎ There is no doubt that he__is__qualified__for__the job.‎ quality用于指“商品”时，表示商品“质量”，通常用单数形式quality；表示“商品的性能”时一般用复数形式qualities。‎ ‎【例2】(1)完成句子 ‎ ‎①他全身心投入研究，没时间和我们过周末。‎ ‎__Devoted__to his research，he spared no time to spend a weekend with us. ‎ ‎②怀特夫人，我的一位忠实的朋友，献身于教学，她对孩子们的关爱使我们投票选了她。 ‎ Mrs. White, a__devoted__friend of mine, devoted__herself__to__teaching__and her__devotion__to children made us vote for her. ‎ ‎(2)单句改错 ‎①Jane devoted her life to protect animals in the wild and achieved a lot.‎ protect改为protecting ‎②The lawyer was so kind that he devoted all his spare time he had helping the disabled. ‎ had后加to ‎【例3】(1)使用恰当的介词填空 ‎①我们开会对这个问题进行投票表决。‎ We hold a meeting to take a vote__on__the issue. ‎ ‎②很少有人投票反对这项新政策。‎ Few people vote__against__the new policy.‎ ‎【例4】完成句子 ‎①敌人彻夜都在攻击我们的机场。 ‎ The enemy__attacked__our airport all night.‎ ‎＝ The enemy__made__an__attack__on__our airport all night. ‎ ‎②州长因没履行一项竞选时的承诺而被新闻界抨击。‎ The governor__was__attacked__by the press for failing to keep a campaign promise.‎ ‎【例5】(1)完成句子 ‎①玛丽与比尔的智力不相上下。‎ Mary__is__quite__equal__to__Bill in brains.‎ ‎②他能胜任管理办公室的工作。‎ He __is__equal__to__running the office.‎ ‎(2)单句改错 ‎ ‎①I hope that he proves equal in the challenge.‎ in改为to ‎②Though she is young，she has no equal to music. ‎ to改为in equal还可作“能胜任的，合适的”解，指有力量、勇气、能力等做某事，是表语形容词，与to连用，后接名词或动名词。‎ ‎【例6】完成句子 ‎①无论是谁触犯法律都避免不了受到处罚。‎ Whoever breaks the law won't __escape__being__punished__．‎ ‎②这个士兵从敌人的监狱里逃了出来。‎ The soldier__escaped__from__the enemy's prison.‎ ‎③一旦钓住，鱼就没机会逃脱。‎ Once hooked，fish __have__no__chance__of__escape__．‎ escape 后接动词时要用动名词。escape的过去分词形式不是表示被动而是表示完成，如escaped prisoner意为“逃犯”。‎ ‎【例7】(1)完成句子 ‎①他总是认为公司会因为他的努力工作而奖赏他。 ‎ He always believed that the company would __reward__him__for__his efforts.‎ ‎②我送给他一本书来答谢他的帮助。 ‎ I gave him a book __in__reward__for__his help.‎ ‎＝ I__rewarded__him__with__a book for his help.‎ ‎(2)用reward或者award完成句子 莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖。在他的业余时间，他总是乐于帮助年轻作家，我们怎样才能报答他的好意呢？‎ Mo Yan__was__awarded__the Nobel Prize in Literature. In his spare time，he has always been ready to help young writers. How can we__reward__his kindness? ‎ 下面两句话的意思不同：‎ They have sought the opinion of the workers in the factory.‎ 他们征求了厂内工人的意见。‎ They have a good opinion of the workers in the factory.‎ 他们对这家工厂的工人评价高。‎ ‎【例1】用out of 相关短语的适当形式填空 ‎①到此书出版时，它已经过时了。‎ It was already __out__of__date__by the time it was published.‎ ‎②飞机失控，坠入大海。‎ The plane got __out__of__control__and crashed into the sea. ‎ ‎③他上星期病得很重，但现在已脱离了危险。‎ He was very ill last week but is now__out__of__danger__．‎ ‎④他的房子那时已破旧了。‎ His house got __out__of__repair__then.‎ ‎【例2】同义句转换 他自称是足球明星，可事实上他球技平平。‎ He claims to be a football star. As a matter of fact, he is just an indifferent player. ‎ ‎＝ He claims to be a football star, but__in__fact,__he is just an indifferent player. ‎ ‎＝ He claims to be a football star, but__in__reality,__he is just an indifferent player. ‎ ‎【例3】根据汉语提示完成句子 ‎①He never comes except when he is__in__trouble__(有麻烦)．‎ ‎②Don't imagine that you're the only person __in__trouble__(不幸). ‎ ‎③The boy __got__into__trouble__(出事了)when he left home to live in London.‎ ‎④That's none of your business. Please don't __ask__for/look__for__trouble__(找麻烦)．‎ ‎⑤Students growing up from nursery school to college __have__trouble__(有困难)dealing with realities.‎ ‎【例4】观察句子，写出黑体部分的含义 ‎①He was the one I always turned to for strength and security.____求助于__‎ ‎②If you turn to Page 40，you will find it.__翻到__‎ ‎③More and more people turn to computer science.__从事于；致力于__‎ ‎④As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her，she smiled and told me not to lose faith.__转向__‎ ‎⑤You shouldn't always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.__查阅__‎ ‎【例5】完成句子 ‎①不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。‎ Don't __lose__heart,__all will turn out well. ‎ ‎②她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。‎ She __lost__her__heart__to__a young soldier.‎ ‎③这男孩背下了这首诗。‎ The boy__learned__the poem__by__heart__.‎ ‎【例6】完成句子 ‎①据说这位新总统上台时会面临很多困难。‎ It is said that when the new president __comes__to__power,__he will have to face many difficult problems.‎ ‎②这届政府已执政两年。 ‎ The government has been__in__power__for two years.‎ ‎③要为医疗站筹集五千块钱是一项他们力不能胜的任务。 ‎ The raising of 5，000 yuan for the clinic was a task __beyond__their__power__. 　‎ ‎④我父亲已丧失了工作能力。‎ My father has __lost__his__powers__to work.‎ ‎【例7】 用set的适当短语填空 ‎ ‎①A fund __will__be__set__up__(将设立)for the dead men's families.‎ ‎②He__set__aside__(放一边)his own work and __set__about__(着手)helping me.‎ ‎③She listened attentively and __set__down__(记下来)every word he said.‎ ‎④The novel __is__set__in__(以……为背景)pre－war London. ‎ ‎【例8】完成句子 ‎ ‎①一个凶手被判三年徒刑，另一个被判处死刑。‎ One murderer was__sentenced__to__three years in prison and the other was sentenced __to__death__．‎ ‎②那小偷被判5年监禁。‎ The thief__received__a sentence__of__5 years in prison.‎ ‎③法官宣判他服苦役。‎ The judge __sentenced__him__to__do__hard labour. ‎ ‎【例1】 完成句子 ‎①每当我在公园看到这位老人时他都在专注读报。‎ ‎__Each__time__I see the old man in the park，he is absorbed in reading newspapers.‎ ‎②下次我遇到他，我会告诉他这个消息的。‎ ‎__Next__time__I meet him, I'll tell him the news. ‎ ‎③这是我第一次通过考试。‎ That is the first time that I__have__passed__(pass)the exam.‎ It was the first time (that)．..是固定句式，it也可换成this或that，first也可换成second，third等以表达不同的意义。It will be/is＋the first time (that)＋主语＋动词的现在完成时。It was＋the first time (that)＋主语＋动词的过去完成时。‎ ‎【例2】完成句子 ‎①只有用上你全部的时间和精力，你才能把这项工作做好。 ‎ ‎__Only__with__all__your__time__and__energy__can you do this job well.‎ ‎②只有以这种方式我们才能学好英语。‎ ‎__Only__in__this__way__can__we__learn English well. ‎ ‎③似乎只有一部分孩子明白。 ‎ Only some of the children __seemed__to__have understood it.‎ ‎④只有当他病情严重时他才住院。‎ Only when he is seriously ill __does__he__ever stay in hospital. ‎ only放于句首，修饰主语，句子不用倒装。如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。‎ ‎(2018届山东青岛质检)‎ 假设你是李华，是校英语俱乐部的成员。英语俱乐部下次交流的话题是My Hero，请你写一篇英语发言稿，介绍你班身残志坚的同学——王跃。内容包括：‎ ‎1. 他不能正常地走路；‎ ‎2. 他对待生活和学习的态度；‎ ‎3. 你敬佩他的原因。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1．词数80左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ‎ Dear friends, ‎ My name is Li Hua. I would like to share my hero with you, one of my classmates named Wang Yue.‎ When Wang Yue was born, he suffered from a rare disease, making him unable to walk normally. However, Wang Yue stays positive about life. He works hard at his lessons and his ambition is to become a scientist.‎ Wang Yue is my hero because he never gives up his dream although he has a physical disability. His example inspires us to try our best to make our dream come true.‎ That's all. Thank you. ‎ ‎【构思】‎ 体裁 记叙文 话题 人物介绍 时态 一般现在时和一般过去时 人称 第三人称 ‎【重点词组】‎ ‎1. 与某人分享share...with sb.‎ ‎2. 遭受；患有suffer from ‎3. 结果as a result ‎4. 对……保持乐观be/stay positive about　‎ ‎5. 努力学习……work hard at...‎ ‎6. 放弃梦想give up one's dream ‎7. 尽全力try one's best ‎8. 使梦想成真make one's dream come true ‎【句子升级】‎ ‎1. I would like to share my hero with you，and he is one of my classmates named Wang Yue. (用名词短语作同位语改写句子)‎ I would like to share my hero with you，one of my classmates named Wang Yue.‎ ‎2．When Wang Yue was born, he suffered from a rare disease，which made him unable to walk normally. (用现在分词短语作结果状语改写句子)‎ When Wang Yue was born, he suffered from a rare disease, making him unable to walk normally.‎ 考向一　在短文改错中设题 ‎(2017全国卷Ⅱ)‎ In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. ‎ ‎【答案】that改为which　考查定语从句。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，指前面的garden，应该使用which。‎ 考向二　在阅读理解中考查“名人”话题 ‎(2016全国卷Ⅰ，A)‎ You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?‎ Jane Addams(1860—1935)‎ Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.‎ Rachel Carson(1907—1964)‎ If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.‎ Sandra Day O'Connor(1930—present)‎ When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and，in ‎ 1981, the first woman to join the U．S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.‎ Rosa Parks (1913—2005)‎ On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil－rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired I giving in，” said Parks. ‎ ‎1. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?‎ A. Her social work.　　　　　　　　B. Her lack of proper training in law.‎ C. Her efforts to win a prize. D. Her community background.‎ ‎2. What is the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?‎ A. Her lack of proper training in law. ‎ B. Her little work experience in court.‎ C. The discrimination against women. ‎ D. The poor financial conditions.‎ ‎3. Who made a great contribution to the civil－rights movement in the US?‎ A. Jane Addams. 　　　　　　 B. Rachel Carson. ‎ C. Sandra Day O'Connor. D. Rosa Parks.‎ ‎4. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?‎ A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative.‎ C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace－lovers. ‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几位著名的女性，她们都为人类的进步做出了很大的贡献。‎ ‎1. A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话可知她是一个社会工作者，而且获得了诺贝尔和平奖。‎ ‎2. C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman可知，她因为自己是女性而被法律公司拒绝录用。 ‎ ‎3. D　细节理解题。根据末段倒数第二句中and kicked off the civil－rights movement可知，Rosa Parks对民权运动做出了贡献。故选D。‎ ‎4. C　推理判断题。根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ 计策1：看标点，确定定语从句的类型 计策2：that不能引导非限制性定语从句 计策1：多读名人传记 古人说：少年养志。如何养志，通过读名人传记是一个很好的方法。名人传记的故事都来源于现实，可以让我们对现实社会有一个正确的认识和了解，有利于培养个人的正确价值观，也能帮助我们树立远大的志向。在选择读书的时候，也要注意选择好的版本和有学习价值的人物。 ‎ 计策2：通过专有名词定位重要信息 每篇文章不论长短都有其中心思想，用以支持和发展中心思想的具体信息就是命题时的重要依据。答题时要围绕中心思想，特别留意阅读材料中的有关数字、时间、专有名词、原因和特点等具体信息。题干中的标识语是从阅读材料中快速寻找答题依据的“路标”。 ‎ 计策3：找关键词 理清语篇陈述的基本事实，可以按时间顺序逐一整理，把握文章主角的人生经历。一般来说，可以按照下面要素去归纳整理，即什么人、在什么时候、什么地方、做了什么事、体现了他什么品格、作者有什么评价、这事产生了什么影响、对我们有什么启迪。这一过程是解答阅读题的基础，也是关键，也是将文章串联起来的重要关键词。‎ 一、词汇拓展 ‎ ‎1. quality n. 质量；品质；性质 adj. 优良的， 高级的→__qualified__adj. 有资格的→__qualification__n. 资格， 限制， 条件 ‎2. mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 v. 意欲；打算→__meaning__‎ ‎ n．意义→__meaningful__ adj. 有意义的→__meaningless__adj.没有意义的 ‎3. active adj. 积极的；活跃的→__actively__adv. 积极地，主动地；活跃地 ‎ ‎4. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的→__generously__adv. 慷慨地→__generosity__n. 慷慨，大方 ‎ ‎5. self n. 自我；自身→__selfish__adj. 自私的→__selfless__adj. 无私的；忘我的→__selflessly__adv. 无私地；忘我地 ‎6. devote vt. 献身；专心于→__devoted__adj. 忠实的；深爱的→__devotion__n. 热爱；投入 ‎ ‎7. found vt. 建立；建设→__founder__n. 创立者，奠基者 ‎ ‎8. peace n. 和平；和睦 →__peaceful__adj. 和平的；平静的；安宁的→__peacefully__adv.和平地 ‎ ‎9. law n. 法律→__lawyer__n. 律师 ‎10. guide v. 指导；管理→__guidance__n. 指导；领导→__guideline__n. 指导方针；参考 ‎11. legal adj. 法律的；依照法律的→__illegal__adj.非法的，违法的 ‎12. hopeful adj. 怀有希望的；有希望的→__hopefully__adv. 怀有希望地→__hopeless__ adj. 没有希望的 ‎ ‎13. vote vt. & vi. 投票；选举 n. 投票；选票；表决→__voter__n. 选民 ‎14. violence n. 暴力；暴行→__violent__adj. 暴力的，猛烈的 ‎15. willing adj. 乐意的；自愿的→__unwilling__adj. 不情愿的 ‎16. fair adj. 公正的；公平的→__unfair__adj. 不公正的；不公平的→__fairly__ adv. 相当 ‎17. educate vt. 教育；训练→__educated__adj. 受过教育的；有教养的→__education__ n. 教育→__educator__n. 教育工作者，教育家 ‎ ‎18. beg vi. 请求；乞求→__beggar__n. 乞丐 ‎19. relative n. 亲戚；亲属→__relation__n. 关系→__related__adj. 相关的 ‎20. terror n. 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期→__terrorist__n. 恐怖分子→__terrible__adj. 可怕的 ‎21. cruel adj. 残忍；残酷→__cruelty__n. 残忍；残酷 二、单句语法填空 ‎ ‎1. It was__generous__(generosity)of you to give me a hand with my English.‎ ‎2. Your__relatives__(relative)are the members of your family. ‎ ‎3. Two of the prisoners have__escaped__(escape)．‎ ‎4. You shouldn't think only about your own needs. It's too__selfish__(self)．‎ ‎5. Some of the games are full of__violence__(violent). Too much fighting is not good for young kids to play.‎ ‎6. Young people should__be__educated__(educate)in how to protect ‎ nature. ‎ ‎7. The official ordered the prisoners__be__sentenced__(sentence)to death right away.‎ ‎8. Lots of__heroes__(hero)lost their lives in fighting with the fire. ‎ ‎9. Many young people are__willing__(will)to be volunteers in helping those in poor areas. ‎ ‎10. He studied law in his__youth__(young), and later, he became a lawyer. ‎ ‎11. The old man__rewarded__(reward)the boy with a smile for helping him. ‎ ‎12. He__equals__(equal)me in strength but not in intelligence.‎ 三、用短语的适当形式填空 ‎1. The sudden heavy snow __stopped__ them __from__ getting home as early as expected.‎ ‎2. His glasses fell down to the ground and broke__into__pieces．‎ ‎3. Don't __worry__about__her health; I think she will take good care of herself.‎ ‎4. I just can't understand why she is __out__of__work__ again.‎ ‎5. You can't __lose__heart__ in face of any difficulty.‎ ‎6. Boys and girls, let's do our best to help those __in__trouble__．‎ ‎7. It is reported that the new president will __come__to__power__ next month.‎ ‎8. It is said that a new factory will be __set__up__ in my hometown.‎ ‎9. The murderer will __be__sentenced__to__death__ for killing a few girls.‎ ‎10. The thief will __be__put__in__prison__ for stealing quite a few expensive cars.‎ 四、课文回顾 Nelson Mandela was the first black president of South Africa. He 1.__devoted__(devote)all his life to making black and white people equal. In 1952, he 2.__founded__ (found)a law office to offer guidance to the poor black people 3.__on__ their legal problems. Elias was helped by him when he was in trouble and then he became more 4.__hopeful__ (hope)about his future. Later when Mandela set up the 5.__organization__ (organize)of the ANC Youth League he joined it as soon as possible and fought together for the equal 6.__rights__ (right). They first broke the law in a 7.__peaceful__(peace)way. Only when that was not allowed did they decide to answer violence with violence. Elias didn't like 8.__violence__(violent), but he was happy to help blow up some of the government buildings because of their dream. They 9.__were__put__(put)into prison because they broke the laws. Mandela seized every chance to educate the prisoners in prison. With what he learned Elias got a job after he was out of prison. But soon he lost the job because of his experience. After Mandela came to power in 1994, he was ‎ given the job 10.__as__ a guide on Robben Island.‎ be mean about 在……上吝啬的 be mean of 对……羞愧 ‎ be mean to 对……不好的 ‎ be active about some business 积极从事某种商业活动 ‎ be active in doing good 积极做好事 be active in one's movements 动作灵敏 be active in work 积极工作 be generous in 乐于……的，在……上不吝惜的 be generous in giving help 乐于帮助 be generous to sb. 对某人宽宏大量的 be generous with one's money 用钱大方 break law 犯法 ‎ follow the law 做律师；法律解决；诉讼 give up law 放弃法律 go to law 打官司 keep the law 维护法制 ‎ make a law 制定法律 obey the law 遵守法律 pass a law 通过法律 have no relatives 没有亲戚 the close/distant relative 近/远亲 the elderly relatives 年长的亲属 relative to 关于……的，和……比较起来 self service 开架销售；自助餐；自我服务的 self disguise 伪装自己 self repair 自修复；自动恢复；自修；自行检修 self control 自制力；自制；无法自拔；自身对照 以o结尾的名词的复数形式 指人和农作物的加－es，其他的加s(或者是有生命的加－es，无生命的加－s)：‎ 如：Negro—Negroes (黑人); hero—heroes (英雄); tomato—tomatoes (西红柿)；potato—potatoes (土豆)。‎ 而下面的单词加“－s”。photo—photos (相片); zoo—zoos (动物园); radio—radios (收音机)；piano—pianos (钢琴)。‎ put...in prison，in trouble，set up，out of work，be sentenced to death，break into pieces，come to power，worry about，lose heart，stop...from break into song 突然唱起歌来 break into tears哭起来 break into loud cheers开始大声地欢呼 break into a cold sweat出了一身冷汗 break into exclamations 惊叹不已 ‎ come to life 苏醒；清醒 ‎ come to the main business到了主要议程 when it suddenly came to me that突然想起 Key words：‎ Nelson Mandela equal law office Elias was helped the ANC Youth League broke the law violence put into prison educate