2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit4Makingthenews单元学案（11页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit4Makingthenews单元学案（11页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit 4Making the news单元学案 ‎[单元重点词汇]‎ ‎1. demand ‎【考点】‎ ‎★demand作动词，意为“强烈要求”，后可接名词、代词、动词不定式及that从句（从句的谓语常用虚拟语气，即should +动词原形，其中should可以省略）；意为“需要”时， 后常接名词。如：‎ I demand an apology from that driver. ‎ Mr. Black demanded to see the manager.‎ Mary demanded that he (should) return the books borrowed from her.‎ This sort of work demands great patience.‎ ‎★demand作名词，意为“要求，请求，需求，需要”，常与介词for 搭配。如：‎ Workers’ demands for higher pay were refused by the boss.‎ There was little demand for tickets.‎ ‎【拓展】in demand非常需要的，受欢迎的 demanding adj. 要求高的，费力的，苛求的，难满足的 ‎【考例】‎ ‎①Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and ... (2013年江苏卷任务型阅读)‎ ‎②One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. (2013年江西卷阅读理解D篇)‎ ‎③Demand for Silver Eagles in 2011 broke records. (2013年福建卷阅读理解C篇)‎ ‎④In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自发性) are scarce and in demand. (2013年江苏卷任务型阅读)‎ ‎⑤By the time my boss, who was also my taskmaster, known to be the strictest, most demanding, most quick to fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise. (2013年浙江卷阅读理解D篇)‎ ‎2. depend on ‎ ‎【考点】depend on意为：①依靠，依赖；②由……决定，取决于。如：‎ The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.‎ Whether the game will be played depends on the weather.‎ ‎【考例】‎ This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number. (2013年安徽卷阅读理解B篇)‎ ‎[单元难句分析]‎ ‎1. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested.  (P26)‎ ‎【分析】‎ ‎①本句是一个由so连接的并列复合句。‎ ‎②第一个分句中的very eager to assist you作________。‎ ‎③第二个分句包含一个由if引导的________从句。‎ ‎【句意】你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去钻研。‎ ‎【仿写】你将发现约翰容易相处。如果你愿意，你可以和他交朋友。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it.    (P26)‎ ‎【分析】‎ ‎①本句是一个主从复合句。‎ ‎②主句是That means; you must be ... to discover it是宾语从句，此处省略了连接词________。‎ ‎③宾语从句中还包含了一个由when引导的________从句。‎ ‎【句意】那就是说，在人们没有说出全部真相时，你必须能够判断出，并努力发现真相。‎ ‎【仿写】那就是说，你得查出杰克是什么时候离开公司的，并努力找到他。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.   (P26)‎ ‎【分析】‎ ‎①本句是一个简单句。‎ ‎②句子的主干是A footballer was accused of taking money。‎ ‎③for deliberately not scoring goals作原因状语；so as to let the other team win 作________状语。‎ ‎④so as to 意为“________”；be accused of意为“被指控……”。‎ ‎【句意】一个足球运动员被指控受贿，故意不进球，好让对方球队赢球。‎ ‎【仿写】这位男子被指控为了独占房子，杀害了他的哥哥。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ 答案 ‎1.【分析】宾语补足语；条件状语 ‎【仿写】You’ll find John easy to get along with, so you may be able to make friends with him if you like.‎ ‎2.【分析】that；宾语 ‎【仿写】That means you must find out when Tom left the company and try to find him.‎ ‎3.【分析】目的；为了……，目的是……‎ ‎【仿写】The man was accused of murdering his older brother so as to have the house all to himself.‎ ‎[单元语法]倒装 在英语中，为了强调或者出于语法结构的需要，往往采用倒装语序。倒装一般有两种：一种是将主语和谓语换位，叫做完全倒装；另一种是将谓语的一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装。如：‎ Into the shop came two customers.（完全倒装）‎ Seldom have I read an article that was so full of lies.（部分倒装）‎ ‎【归纳】‎ ‎★常见的完全倒装的情况 ‎1. 当表示地点的介词短语位于句首且主语为名词时。如：‎ Under the tree is sitting a handsome young boy.‎ In front of the playground is a newly-built house.‎ ‎2. 当out, in, up, down, off, here, there, now, then等副词位于句首且主语为名词时。如：‎ In came the English teacher with a book in his hand.‎ Here comes the assistant you want to see.‎ ‎3. 在there be结构中。如：‎ There is a man at the bus stop.‎ ‎4. 当作表语的形容词、过去分词等位于句首且主语为名词时。如：‎ Present at the party were all world-famous singers.‎ ‎5. 在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：‎ Long live our friendship!‎ ‎★常见的部分倒装的情况 ‎1. 当含有否定意义的副词或连词hardly, never, not, little, seldom, no longer, not only, not until等位于句首时。如：‎ Never before have I seen such a thrilling film.‎ Little did I know that my life was about to change.‎ 注意：‎ ‎① not only ... but also ... 连接两个并列分句时，如果not only位于句首，则前一分句倒装，后一分句仍然用陈述语序。如：‎ Not only did I know Helen, but also I was her best friend. ‎ ‎② not until后跟状语从句位于句首时，从句不倒装，后面的主句倒装。如：‎ Not until her son came back did Mrs. White go to bed last night. ‎ ‎2. only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。如：‎ Only in this way was Jack able to make himself understood.‎ Only then did I know the importance of friendship. ‎ Only after she finished the homework did she leave. ‎ 注意：如果only修饰主语位于句首时，句子不倒装。如：‎ Only a few students can answer this question. ‎ ‎3. so, neither, nor引起的句子，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物。如：‎ Mrs. Wang has gone abroad, so has her daughter. ‎ If you don’t attend the meeting, neither / nor will I.‎ ‎4. as引导让步状语从句时，常将表语、状语或谓语提前，构成倒装。此时as可与连词though替换。 如：‎ Angry as / though Professor Smith was, he managed to speak calmly. ‎ ‎5. if引导虚拟条件句时，可将if省略，同时将were / had / should等提至主语前。如：‎ Had Mike got up earlier, he could have caught the bus.‎ ‎【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。‎ ‎1. On the wall ____________________ (挂着一幅齐白石的画). ‎ ‎2. Only when I got home ____________________ (我才意识到发生了什么).‎ ‎3. ____________________ (尽管我很疲惫), I continued my work.‎ ‎4. ____________________ (那位顾客不仅抱怨饭菜), he also refused to pay for it.‎ ‎5. I haven’t been to France, ____________________ (吉姆也没去过).‎ 答案 ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. hangs a painting by Qi Baishi ‎2. did I realize what had happened ‎3. Tired as / though I was ‎4. Not only did the customer complain about the meal ‎5. neither / nor has Jim ‎[单元写作]如何写新闻报道 ‎【写作任务】‎ 为遏制天山一号冰川加速消融趋势，新疆维吾尔自治区（Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region）将建立保护区域，通过关停矿点、限制车辆通行、停止旅游探险、禁止放牧（grazing）及采挖草药等系列措施，全力保护一号冰川及区域内珍稀野生动植物资源。请根据所给要点，以“Xinjiang reserve to protect threatened glacier” 为题写一篇英语报道，发表在你校英文网站上。‎ 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 标题已给出，但不计入总词数。‎ ‎【写作指导】‎ 这是一篇新闻报道。新闻报道，就是对新近发生的事实的报道，一般包括四个部分：标题、导语、主体、结语。‎ ‎★新闻的标题要提炼新闻事件的“精华”， 吸引读者阅读，同时要简洁。如果需要，可以在正标题下加上副标题。‎ ‎★导语是报道开头的第一段或第一句话，它扼要地揭示出报道的核心内容。‎ ‎★主体是报道的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步展开和阐释。‎ ‎★新闻报道的结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结或对新闻事件的发展趋势作出预测。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 客观真实地提供事件发生的事实，而不是观点；‎ ‎2. 侧重说明事件的人物、时间、地点、过程及起因；‎ ‎3. 导语要概括报道的主要内容，正文补充细节详情。‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Xinjiang reserve to protect threatened glacier A natural reserve will be set up to protect the shrinking Glacier No. 1 in the Tianshan Mountains in northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.‎ All mining sites will be shut down in the protection area. At the same time, the government will take measures to deal with wild herb digging activities and grazing. Vehicles and tourists are banned from entering the protection zone. ‎ The series of moves aims to reduce the impact of human activities on the glacier to the lowest level and better protect the glacier and rare animal and plant resources in the area.‎ ‎[高考链接]完形填空解题指导 ‎1跳读首尾句进行预测 一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。‎ 首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。‎ Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability.‎ 本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员Evelyn Glennie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想Evelyn Glennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，Evelyn Glennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。‎ ‎2利用语法分析解题 完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如：‎ ‎___8___ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job.‎ A. Because B. While C. If D. Since ‎【解析】根据后面的I had been born in the 16th century可知这只是个假设，是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用 if 引导。‎ ‎3利用固定搭配解题 完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。如：‎ They couldn’t read or write. They didn’t like to work and they never ___12___ baths.‎ A. took B. washed C. ran D. covered ‎【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配take a bath，意为“洗澡”。‎ ‎4利用固定句型解题 完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解，但同时也会考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好这些句型，对确定题目的答案很有帮助。如：‎ It wasn’t long ___18___the police caught the thief.‎ A. after B. when C. before D. until ‎【解析】It wasn’t long before…是常用句型，意为“不久就……”。这里说的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了。‎ ‎5利用复现信息解题 语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如：‎ I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ___44___, dressed neatly.‎ A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion ‎【解析】名词同现，空格前出现了room, furniture, curtains, a TV等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。‎ ‎6利用跳读法解题 一般而言，完形填空要填的20空中总有一些空是相对简单的。 对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来，之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。如：‎ ‎“Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide-awake at once. He___1___ up and looked around. A short distance away, a group of___2___ stood quietly watching us. One of them ___3___ walking toward us. We both jumped to our ___4___ not knowing what to expect.‎ ‎1. A. sat B. stayed C. thought D. put ‎2. A. pilots B. natives C. editors D. assistants ‎3. A. avoided B. delayed C. began D. desired ‎4. A. boat B. car C. horses D. feet ‎【解析】在通读全文的第一遍中，我们可以很容易地将第四空填出来，这是固定搭配jump to one’s feet (跳起来);由此也可推出第三空的答案，因为有人开始向“我们”走了过来，所以“我们”才跳了起来;再根据第一空前面的wide-awake可知，此处指的应该是“我和Josh完全清醒，坐起来，环顾四周”，所以第一空的答案为A;最后，根据句首Visitors可推知第二空的答案为B。‎ ‎7巧用排除法解题 在有些情况下，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围，提高正确率。如：‎ The woman looked carefully at me ___5___ through her glasses, and then questioned me in a low voice.‎ A. as usual B. for a while C. in a minute D. once again ‎【解析】这篇文章讲述的是没有工作经验的作者找到工作的故事。此题的解题关键词是carefully，既然是“认真地看”，就不会是in a minute (立刻、马上);既然互不相识，作者也未曾去找过工作，不会是as usual(像往常一样);前面没说已经打量过作者一次了，所以用once again(再一次)是不合理的。所以，答案只能是B.‎ ‎8利用逻辑关系解题 尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落与段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。‎ ‎(1) 句中逻辑关系 Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and___45___nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.‎ A. mostly B. partly C. sometimes D. rarely ‎【解析】短文中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。And前后构成了并列关系，即and前的 usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 这些维生素成分和and 后面的 nitrogen 成分形成并列关系，相应修饰 carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 的usually必然和修饰 nitrogen 的45空的词构成一一对应的逻辑关系。鉴于此，在45空考虑填入的应是和usually相对应的频度副词，而语义与usually略有不同。mostly 和partly都表示了部分、量的含义，与频度无关。rarely(很少地，罕有地)虽表示了频度关系，但其意义与usually相反，不符合一一对应的一致性，因此排除。只有C项sometimes(不时，有时)恰到好处地表示了and前后两部分的逻辑对应。故选C。‎ ‎(2) 句间逻辑关系 在此，我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。如：‎ Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. ___13___, she encourages them to get ___14___ ways to do business.‎ A. Still B. Yet C. Instead D. While ‎【解析】根据前后句子的意思可推出两句间的逻辑关系是转折，意思是“Old Mr Cleveland把工人用带子捆绑起来(没有任何自由)，而她不那样，相反(instead)她鼓励雇员”。‎ ‎(3) 段间逻辑关系 这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如：‎ Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so.‎ It is generally recognized, ___29___, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.‎ A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore ‎【解析】这里有两种情况，第一可能是第二段前后的逻辑体现;第二就是段落的前后衔接。但是，这个题出现在第二段的第一句 ，那么，从完形填空注重逻辑关系的命题思路来看，我们优先考虑第二种情况。前段末句意为“不是每个人都能够正确看待这个进程”。而第二段首句为“大家普遍认为”，显然这两者之间存在了逻辑意义上的相反，此处可能体现了一种转折关系。故选C。‎ ‎9巧用背景常识解题 解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑，最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。因此，考生的知识范围越广，则对文章的理解会更容易，整体上知道所选短文在说什么，那么局部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。因此解答完形填空题时，考生的英语语言知识和有关世界的知识，都发挥着重要的作用。‎ 当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。如：‎ After ___2___ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.‎ A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying ‎【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为plant。‎ ‎10利用对比结构解题 对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。如：‎ A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and___59___room is in a much better ‎ position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.‎ A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable ‎【解析】本题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。‎ ‎11利用平行结构解题 平行结构指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。‎ 命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。高考完形填空短文常常会出现这样一些平行结构，掌握这些结构极为相似的句子可大大提高我们的解题效率。如：‎ Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them ___42___ and active.‎ A. alive B. vivid C. mobile D. diverse ‎【解析】因空格处与and后面的active是平行的，所以答案为与active意思相近的alive。‎ ‎12利用暗示和对应解题 完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和单词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。‎ 考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。如：‎ ‎...he would join student groups to discuss a variety of ___47___: agriculture, diving and mathematics.‎ A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents ‎【解析】此题后面的冒号部分有提示：agriculture，diving and ‎ mathematics是他们谈话讨论的话题，由此可得出本题的答案为B。‎ ‎13根据文章的感情色彩解题 考生在第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。如：‎ I was so surprised that I was ___47___(speechless). My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. ___48___(As a result), at the point in our game when I’d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was ___49___(instead) 7 to 9 and Ed was 50 (leading).‎ ‎【解析】surprised 一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort，get into shape 等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead 都是由惊讶得出的。‎ ‎14 综合利用各种线索解题 完形填空题主要考查短文阅读理解的能力。因此考生必须阅读全文，弄清句子与句子之间的关系，准确理解全文。为了答好题，考生必须从字里行间寻找能够利用的线索。如书写和形态变化线索(graphic and morphological clues)、词汇线索(lexical clues)、句法线索(syntactical clues)、社会文化线索(socio-cultural clues)，并根据有关的线索进行猜测，作出合理的判断。如：‎ And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine o’clock three days from that day… Since he was ___44___ in three days, Andy didn’t lose any time.‎ A. moving B. returning C. staying D. leaving ‎【解析】单从这句来看，考生实难判断出正确答案，但如果结合前文，就可以找到设空部分的解题线索——上文中出现的词汇leaving。故本题答案为D。‎