高考英语一轮复习专题突破第Ⅱ题阅读理解专题一事实细节类题目1

高考英语一轮复习专题突破第Ⅱ题阅读理解专题一事实细节类题目1

真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 1 第Ⅱ题 阅读理解 专题一 事实细节类题目 命题特点 针对原文具体叙述本身设问，可以直接或间接找到答案，常以 who，which，what，where 等设问。 考查重点 (1)直接理解题(信息可在原文中直接找到答案)。 (2)语意转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。 方法技巧 1．查读法 (1)速读全文，掌握大意。 (2)按文章体裁、作者组材方式寻找关键信息词。 (3)找到细节，认真推敲甚至计算等。 2．按组材模式阅读(常见模式 ) (1)列举型：抓住作者所举事例。 (2)时间、空间型：掌握具体的时间、地点。 (3)分类、例证型：掌握例证的事实细节，以便得到答案。 (4)程序型：理清说明事物的顺序，从而得出答案。 (5)因果分析型：理清因果关系，从而推出答案。 (6)比较、对比型：通过比较，对比事实细节，找到答案。 Passage 1 Prague is not strange to the tourism world.It is the best tourist attraction with many historic tourist spots such as the Prague Castle which was built in the early 9th century.In addition to the Prague Castle，some of the other historic spots are the Old Town Churches, the Jewish Quarter and the Estates Theater. Surveys indicate that Prague is ranked the sixth main attraction in the whole of Europe. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 2 Though there are countless numbers of places of tourist interest, there are a few spots which are the most appealing. The Old Town is one such spot of great tourist interest.The Astronomical Clock which is popularly known as the “Prague Orloj” is installed on the Old Town city hall's south wall which is a historic construction.So if you are heading to Prague for a vacation, you should never miss out to see this astronomical clock. The excitement in Prague doesn't stop here.Next is another marvel “The Lennon Wall”. The Lennon Wall became a tourist spot as people of the 80s started to fill it with John Lennon—inspired graffiti(涂鸦)．You can also find the graffiti of pieces of lyrics from Beatles songs on this wall.There are many fun activities that you can do in Prague.There are many local theaters and entertainment facilities which are very much inexpensive. If you are well aware of the different places of tourist interest, you can really enjoy a great weekend in Prague.Thankfully there are several online tourist guides out there which can help you to make your weekend in Prague more interesting than ever before.There are many sources out there online where you can find all the information about the best tourist spots in Prague.Once you have all the information about the best tourist attractions in Prague，you can plan your weekend trip effectively. 1．Prague is a city________． A．where there are many historic attractions B．which has a history of 1，000 years C．where there are many old castles and churches D．which is the sixth largest city in Europe 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。布拉格是著名的旅游城市，它拥有许多引人入胜的景点。 调查显示，布拉格是欧洲第六大旅游城市。 解析：细节理解题。联系全文对布拉格的介绍，再结合第一段中“It is the best tourist attraction with many historic tourist spots”可知，布拉格是一座有许多历史景点的 城市。 答案：A 2．According to this passage, the Old Town is famous for________． A．the Estates Theater B．the Jewish Quarter C．the Lennon Wall 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 3 D．the “Prague Orloj” 解析：细节理解题。由第二段第三句和第四句可知，the Old Town 是以 Prague Orloj 为人们所知。 答案：D 3．You would like to travel to the Lennon Wall because ________． A．you want to pay a visit to John Lennon B．you are eager to enjoy the graffiti on it C．you are planning to take part in fun activities D．the entertainment facilities there are very cheap 解析：细节理解题。由第三段第三句可知，去 the Lennon Wall 是为了观赏上面的涂鸦。 答案：B 4．In order to have a pleasant weekend in Prague, you'd better ask for help from________． A．the policemen B．the local people C．the travelers D．the Internet 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“Thankfully there are several online tourist guides out there...”可知，你可以通过网络了解相关的信息。 答案：D 5．The author of the passage mainly________． A．describes the activities of the travelers B．lists the tourist spots in Prague C．suggests an ideal place to travel to D．tells us about Prague's long history 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了布拉格一些著名的景点。由此可推知，本文作者的 目的是为读者提供一个旅游的理想之地。 答案：C Passage 2 Studies show that dogs and human beings have similar brain activity when they sleep.Researchers use a test called an electroencephalogram(脑电图) to study such activity. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 4 When dogs first go to sleep, they enter a period of light sleep.This is when they can be easily awakened.In light sleep，dogs lie still and their breathing is normal. When dogs enter deep sleep, they have difficulty waking up.Brain wave activity greatly increases.Dogs begin unusual breathing. Rapid eye movement also begins. During rapid eye movement，the eyes are moving quickly，forward and backward.Then dogs may begin to make sounds.Their bodies may make uncontrolled movements.Their legs move as if they are running. It may seem as if the dog is having a bad dream.It is best not to wake a sleeping dog.Like people，dogs need continuous sleep for healthy mental activity. Researchers say dogs have several dreams each night.The amount of time spent sleeping is different with each animal.Most dogs sleep thirteen to fourteen hours a day. Researchers also say small dogs dream more than large ones.The number of dreams each animal has is also linked to many things，including age. Young dogs dream more than adult dogs. Many people wonder what their dogs are dreaming about.Researchers believe it is likely that dogs dream in a way similar to humans.They believe dogs dream of things that are pleasing to them，but unreal. They also say dogs dream of things that happen in everyday life，such as chasing things，playing and eating. If you are wondering，cats dream, too. 1．When a dog is in light sleep，it may________． A．not breathe normally B．lie still C．make sounds D．move its eyes quickly 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，介绍狗和人类一样在睡眠过程中有同样的脑部活动。 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知：狗在浅度睡眠时，躺着不动，呼吸正常， 故选 B。 答案：B 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 5 2．When dogs enter deep sleep，________． A．they are easy to wake up B．their breathing becomes abnormal C．they begin to run when dreaming D．they are as quiet as a mouse 解析：细节理解题。第三段中提到狗在熟睡时 begin unusual breathing，B 项中 abnormal 意为“不正常的；反常的”，正与文中意思相符。 答案：B 3．Which of the following indicates a dog doesn't enter deep sleep? A．The eyes are moving rapidly. B．The dog lies calmly and makes no noise. C．The dog seems like it is having a bad dream and moves his body. D．The dog is angry when you wake it up. 解析：推理判断题。结合第二、三段可知，狗在浅度睡眠时会静静地躺着。 答案：B 4．What's the best title of this passage? A．Dogs Sleep at Night? B．Light Sleep and Deep Sleep C．Dogs Dream as Human Beings Do D．Dogs Need Sleep to Be Healthy 解析：主旨大意题。文章第一句就点明大意，即狗和人类在睡眠过程中有同样的脑部活 动。然后对其进行具体说明，故选 C。 答案：C 5．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．In deep sleep，dogs' breathing is normal. B．It's no harm to wake a sleeping dog. C．Dogs have several dreams each night. D．Young dogs dream no more than adult dogs. 解析：细节理解题。由第二段最后一句话排除 A；由第三段最后两句话排除 B；由第五 段最后一句话排除 D；由第四段第一句可知 C 正确。 答案：C Passage 3 Opera at Music Hall：1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September.The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 6 membership discounts.Phone: 241－2742.http：//www.cityopera.com. Chamber Orchestra：The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street， which offers several concerts from March through June.Call 723－1182 for more information.http：www.chamberorch.com. Symphony Orchestra：At Music Hall and Riverbend.For ticket sales，call 381 －3300.Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend.http：//www.symphony.org/home.asp. College Conservatory of Music (CCM)：Performances are on the main campus(校 园)of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well － known LaSalle Quartet ， CCM's Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I．D.cards，can attend the events for free.A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556－4183.http： //www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar. Riverbend Music Theater：6295 Kellogg Ave.Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone：232 －6220.http：//www.riverbendmusic.com. 1．Which number should you call if you want to see an opera? A．241－2742. B．723－1182. C．381－3300. D．232－6220. 【语篇解读】 本文是几则广告，主要介绍了五个与音乐有关的活动的举办地点、时间、 联系方式等信息。 解析：细节理解题。只有第一段是 opera 的演出，根据此段最后一句中“Phone：241 －2742.http：//www.cityopera.com.”可知，如果想看歌剧应拨打此电话。故选 A。 答案：A 2．When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra? A．February. B．May. C．August. D．November. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二则广告中的“...which offers several concerts from March through June.”可知，五月份在演出的时间范围之内。故选 B。 答案：B 3．Where can students go for free performances with their I．D.cards? A．Music Hall. B．Memorial Hall. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 7 C．Patricia Cobbett Theater. D．Riverbend Music Theater. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四则广告中的“Students with I．D.cards can attend the events for free.”可知，带有身份证的学生可以免费观看 CCM 组织的一系列的演出。故选 C。 答案：C 4．How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places? A．It has seats in the open air. B．It gives shows all year round. C．It offers membership discounts. D．It presents famous musical works. 解析：细节理解题。根据第五则广告中的“Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover(price difference)．”可知，只有 Riverbend Music Theater 拥有在 户外的座位。故选 A。 答案：A Passage 4 In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals.This sometimes happens with humans also.But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.I see it every day when people hold doors for me，pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat.And I have discovered that it makes them happy. From my wheelchair experience，I see the best in people，but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily.They don't get to see this soft side of others.Often，we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness，which includes a lot of pretending.But only when we stop pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them. Last month，when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual.People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning(按喇叭) or even shouting at me.At the moment I decided to do something I had never done in twenty-four years of driving.I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed. No more angry shouts and no more horns! When I put on my flashlights，I was saying to other drivers，“I have a problem here.I am weak but doing the best I can.”And everyone understood.Several times， 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 8 I saw drivers who wanted to pass.They couldn't get around me because of the stream of passing traffic.But instead of getting impatient and angry，they waited，knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don't feel that way.But those are few and far between.More often，it would be better if we don't pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared. 1．The author has discovered that people will feel happy when________． A．they offer their help B．they receive others' help C．they feel others' kindness D．they show their weakness 【语篇解读】 本文为夹叙夹议文，通过记述作者人生的经历，表达人们善良的本性。 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“And I have discovered that it makes them happy.”及此句之前的内容可以得出答案。 答案：A 2．The author feels sad sometimes because________． A．he has a soft heart B．he relies much on others C．some people pretend to be kind D．some people fail to see the kindness in others 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily”可以得出答案。 答案：D 3．What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights? A．They sped up to pass. B．They waited with patience. C．They tried their best to help. D．They put on their flashlights too. 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句话“But instead of getting impatient and angry，they waited，knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.” 可以得出答案。 答案：B 4．In this passage, the author advises us to________． 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 9 A．handle problems by ourselves B．accept help from others C．admit our weakness D．show our bravery 解析：推理判断题。文中反复提示 weakness 给作者带来的好处，不难得出答案为 C。 答案：C 5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．A Wheelchair Experience. B．Weakness and Kindness. C．Weakness and Strength. D．A Driving Experience. 解析：标题归纳题。综合原文，以及运用排除法，不难得出答案为 B。A 和 D 太片面，C 选项中的 strength 在文中没有提及。 答案：B Passage 5 Britain's private schools are one of its most successful exports.The children of the well-off flock to them，whether from China，Nigeria or Russia：the number of foreign pupils rose by 1.4% in the last year alone. Yet foreign students, whether educated in British private schools or elsewhere， are decreasingly likely to go to English universities.According to the Higher Education Funding Council for England，307，200 overseas students began their studies in the country in 2012-13，down from 312，000 two years earlier and the first drop in 29 years.Student numbers from the rest of the European Union(EU) fell—probably a result of the increase in annual tuition fees in England from ￡6，000($10，000) a year to ￡9，000.But arrivals from India and Pakistan declined most sharply. In contrast to the visa system for private schools, which is extremely loose(the Home Office counts private schools as favoured sponsors)，student visas have been tightened.Foreign students used to be allowed to work for up to two years after graduating.They now have only four months to find a job paying up to ￡20，600 if they want to stay in Britain. This change was intended to deal with fake colleges offering two-year work visas.But it seems to have put off serious students too. Nick Hillman of the Higher Education Policy Institute says the government has sent unclear messages about the sort of immigration it wants to restrict.Australia and America，which have more 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 10 relaxed entry criteria for students，are becoming more favoured destinations. Britain's student-visa system has become more onerous( 繁琐) overall.As a result，Britain is losing out to other countries in the contest for talent. Its unwelcoming attitude will harm its long-term development.And the drift of foreign students from leading British private schools to American colleges may have another， somewhat happier, consequence：America might become rather better at cricket(板 球)． 1．What causes the foreign student numbers to English universities to drop? A．Poor quality of higher education. B．The sharp increase of tuition fees. C．The poor economic situation in EU. D．Higher living cost in England. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，说明去英国留学生的变化。 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Student numbers from the rest of the European Union(EU)fell—probably a result of the increase in annual tuition fees in England from ￡6，000($10，000)a year to ￡9，000.”可知答案． 答案：B 2．What's the aim of UK tightening its student visas? A．To control the student number from India and Pakistan. B．To increase the financial income of UK. C．To send clear messages about the sort of immigration. D．To deal with fake colleges that offer two-year work visas. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“This change was intended to deal with fake colleges offering two-year work visas.”根据第三段可知 This change 指的是签证的变化。 答案：D 3．Why is it easy to get the visa from private schools in Britain? A．Because private schools have bad quality of education. B．Because graduates from private schools can earn ￡20，600. C．Because private schools turn in more money to the Home Office. D．Because their students can work for two years after graduating. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的括号内部分：(the Home Office counts private schools as favoured sponsors)可知答案。 答案：C 4．According to the passage, Britain________． 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 11 A．is famous for playing cricket B．will get more talents in the future C．will simplify its student-visa system D．will help US colleges to develop cricket 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“And the drift of foreign students from leading British private schools to American colleges may have another，somewhat happier，consequence：America might become rather better at cricket(板球)．”可 知答案。 答案：A 5．What can we infer from the text? A．Foreign students are going off English universities. B．American universities are of higher quality than English ones. C．Britain's student-visa system will help its long-term development. D．Britain's new student-visa system is popular with foreign students. 解析：推断判断题。根据倒数第二段“Australia and America，which have more relaxed entry criteria for students，are becoming more favoured destinations.”和最后一 段“As a result，Britain is losing out to other countries in the contest for talent.” 可知答案。 答案：A