新题型02语法填空浙江高考英语新题型研读与训练

新题型02语法填空浙江高考英语新题型研读与训练

新题型02 语法填空 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1、题目要求 ‎ 满分15分，共10个，一个1.5。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎2、题型特点 ‎ 给出150-200字的一段短文，段落中给出10个填空，一部分填空是给出单词提示，填写它的正确词形，这一部分考查的词常见四种：介词、冠词、代词(人称代词、不定代词、关系代词也可能有关系副词、it用法等)、连词(连接代词、连接副词)等；一部分填空是结合上下文直接填词，所给词常见类：名词、动词、形容词、副词等。‎ ‎ 3、对学生能力的要求 ‎ ①需要学生更加精确地掌握语法，而不是通过排除法等技巧做题，削弱了技巧的作用。在第一阶段的教学过程中，应该更加重视基础语法知识的练习和掌握，这一阶段可以运用单选和单句填空等多种形式练习题帮主学生精确掌握基础语法知识。‎ ‎ ②需要学生有充分的语境意识，更加重视学生的语用能力，综合素质。在我们的教学过程中会更加注重语法完整性，关注在以前教学过程中没有注意到的冠词，介词等知识点。‎ ‎ ③需要系统性掌握语法和词汇知识，临时抱佛脚没有用。在后面阶段中我们将用篇章短文替代单句练习，要求学生进行篇章的背诵。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2018年·浙江卷) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. I still remember ‎ ‎59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.‎ ‎ While regularly eating out seems to 61 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 63 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.‎ If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home __65__ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.‎ ‎【文章大意】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。‎ ‎56. dishes ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。‎ ‎57. who/that ‎ ‎【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。‎ ‎58. it ‎ ‎59.visiting ‎ ‎【解析】考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.， 故填visiting。‎ ‎60. was shocked. ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。‎ ‎61. have become ‎ ‎【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。‎ ‎62. affordable ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。‎ ‎63. higher ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。‎ ‎64.weight ‎ ‎65.for ‎ ‎【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 第一部分 有提示词题目的解题技巧 有提示词题目是指＂使用括号中词语的正确形式填空＂这类题，近年来的高考题只考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。‎ 一、 谓语动词 ‎【解题技巧】‎ 当句子缺少谓语动词时， 括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时，要根据语境确定用哪种时态，根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态。具体解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语，如缺谓语动词，则填谓语动词。‎ 第二步：若为谓语动词，就要看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语态，同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。‎ 第三步：要注意主谓一致。‎ 二、非谓语动词 ‎【解题技巧】‎ 当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词。‎ 此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用动名词 (‎ 表一般意义)或不定式形式(表具体意义)；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如see/hear/ notice sb.do/doing sth., spend...doing sth.等。具体解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。‎ 第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式，作主语或宾语用ing形式或不定式，在enjoy, finish等动词后作宾语用ing形式，在decide, refuse等动词后作宾语要用不定式等等。‎ 第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。‎ 第四步：根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。‎ 三、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级 形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级或最高级，词义比较等。‎ ‎【解题技巧】 ‎ 当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境，理解句意，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通，就很可能填该词的比较级(或最高级)；若需要用与该词意义相反的词逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。注意：要善于分析语境，辨别省略了than...的隐性比较级。具体解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：分析结构，确定所给词在句子中作定语还是状语。‎ 第二步：根据结构、语境或句子意义确定是填比较级还是最高级。‎ 四、词类转换 ‎【解题技巧】‎ 当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转化。我们可据以下3条规则顺利解题：‎ ‎(1)作主语或宾语用名词形式；(2)作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式；(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词形式。具体解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、作主语和宾语的补足语，一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词或副词，或修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词；作主语或宾语用名词，或者在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，用名词。‎ 第二步：根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 有时不但要注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀， 其逻辑意义才通顺；‎ ‎2. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时， 无需改变词性， 就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了。‎ 第二部分 无提示词题目的解题技巧 无提示词题目指的是＂在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）＂这类题，五年来，这类题只考代词、冠词、关联词和介词。那么什么情况下填代词？何时填冠词？何时填关联词？ 何时填介词呢？‎ 一、代词 ‎【解题技巧】‎ 当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填代词。此时，要根据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是事物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称代词外，也有可能是填不定代词等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it，替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：分析句子结构。若句子缺主语，则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；若动词或介词后面缺宾语，则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it。如果该宾格与主语是同一人，应用反身代词。‎ 第二步：理解句子意思。根据各个代词的意义和用法，以及句子所需的意义，填入合适的代词。‎ 二、限定词 ‎【解题技巧】‎ 在作主语、宾语或表语的名词或＂形容词＋名词＂前，一般要用限定词。‎ ‎ ‎ 限定词是指冠词、形容词性物主代词，或可以作定语的不定代词等。此时，要根据句子的意思来确定空格的语境意义，由此来判断具体填什么词。如表示特指，大体相当于＂这、这些、那、那些＂时用the；表示＂一(个、本、座……)＂时用不定冠词a或an；表示＂某人的＂，用物主代词；表示＂一些＂用some，表示＂另一个＂用another，表示＂其他的＂用other等。解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：分析句子结构。若空格后的名词或者＂形容词＋名词＂前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、冠词等限定词时，很可能是填限定词。‎ 第二步：理解句子意思。根据所需意义选择恰当的限定语，如需＂一(个、座、次……)＂填不定冠词，需 ‎ ＂某人的＂填物主代词，需＂其它的＂填other。‎ 三、介词 ‎【解题技巧】‎ 当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，填介词。因为名词和代词最典型的用法是作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，就应是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。具体填什么介词，由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定，也可能是由动词或谓语与介词的句式搭配来决定。具体解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：若空格后是名词、代词、动名词或what从句，且他们不是作主语或作动词的宾语时，很可能就是填介词。‎ 第二步：根据具体的语境或空格所在的句子意思来确定填哪个介词。‎ 四、关联词 ‎【解题技巧】‎ 当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子)，且这两个句子之间没有关联词时，填关联词；若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的连词(and/but/so/or)；从属句间常依据句子的属性是名词性从句、形容词性从句还是副词性从句来确定其关联词。具体解题技巧如下：‎ 第一步：分析结构，若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连接词，空格必填连接词(此处的连接词包括并列连词，如：and, but, or, while, so, for等；引导状语从句的从属连词；引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词和连词that, if, whether)。‎ 第二步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或根据句式结构来确定是并列结构还是某种主从复合句。‎ 第三步：若是主从复合句，要根据从句的特点，结合连词的意义和作用，确定填具体的某个连接词。‎ 解题策略 语法填空题设空设空大致有如下特点：‎ ‎ 无提示词一般考查：冠词、介词、连词、代词、助动词、固定搭配等 ‎ 有提示词一般考查：谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。‎ ‎ 具体策略：‎ ‎(一)给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，或是填写非谓语动词；‎ ‎(二)给出词语，词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转化，名词的复数形式，给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；‎ ‎(三)给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；‎ ‎(四)不给词语填写限定词的时候，很可能是填冠词、人称代词主格宾格形式，物主代词、反身代词的单复数形式。形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词；有的名词前有限定词，比如：序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定冠词。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Cloze 1(2017·浙江卷)‎ ‎ （2017·浙江卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 2 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny ‎ carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.‎ Pahlsson screamed 3 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂She thought I had hurt 4 (I),＂says Pahlsson. ‎ Sixteen years 5 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 7 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. ＂I gave up hope of finding my ring again,＂ she says. She never replaced it. ‎ Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 10 wonder. ‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lena Pahlsson在花园里拔胡萝卜时，找到了丢失已久的结婚戒指的故事。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. so ‎ ‎【解析】考查固定结构。根据空后的＂loudly that her daughter came running from the house＂可知这里为so…that结构，意为＂如此……以至于＂，故填so。‎ ‎4. myself ‎ ‎【解析】考查代词。主语为I，横线处为宾语，根据语境可知这里指她以为＂我＂弄伤了自己。故填myself。‎ ‎5. earlier ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词。这里指早在十六年前，故填earlier。‎ ‎6. to cook ‎ ‎【解析】考查动词不定式。一个句子不能出现双重谓语，所以此处要用不定式作目的状语。故填to cook。‎ ‎7. searched ‎ ‎【解析】考查动词时态。根据＂but turned up nothing＂可知这里是叙述过去发生的事情，要用一般过去时，故填searched。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎10. a ‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词。wonder是可数名词的单数形式，且此处表示泛指，因此其前应加不定冠词a。故填a。‎ Cloze 2（2018·新课标卷I）‎ ‎ According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 2 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die) early by running. ‎ While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be) more effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).‎ The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 9 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try. ‎ Cloze 2‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。‎ ‎1. longer ‎ ‎【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。‎ ‎2. to see ‎ ‎【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。‎ ‎3.dying ‎ ‎【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6.that或which ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。‎ ‎7.causes ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。‎ ‎8.strengthen ‎ ‎【解析】考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。‎ ‎9.energetic ‎ ‎【解析】考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。‎ ‎10.it或running ‎ ‎【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。‎ Cloze 3（2018届河北省衡水中学高三四模）‎ How would you feel if you woke up and found your entire computer’s contents — including your photos, your recent documents — no longer 1 (access)? What if you found out that they ‎ had 2 (wipe) from your computer, leaving you with nothing but heartache?‎ Guess what? It happens to people every single day. Every day, people across the country head into their local Apple store in 3 (tear), broken computer in hand, praying as they wait in line that 4 expensive repair might, just might, recover 5 priceless, irreplaceable files. A few get lucky. But for the rest, there’s nothing anyone can do 6 (help).‎ Hasn’t happened to you? If your computer 7 (remain) unprotected, it will, and it’s only a matter a time. But thanks to recent breakthroughs in computer backup technology, you now have a number of options to prepare, and if you’re smart, when your computer 8 (crash), you shouldn’t have any problem 9 (get) 100% of your files back that same day. I’m not talking about an external hard drive. I’m talking about an online backup 10 (solve) that runs quietly in the background on your computer. If you have one installed, when your computer crashes, you’ll be just one click away from bringing your files back to life.‎ ‎【文章大意】电脑或手机崩溃了，可能会对里面的珍贵文件造成极大的损失。作者给大家提出建议，如何保护好自己的电脑或手机。‎ ‎1.accessible ‎【解析】考查形容词。此处是说“一些电脑里的文件不能用了”，用形容词作宾补。故accessible。‎ ‎2.been wiped ‎【解析】考查时态和语态。句子的主语是they，与wipe之间是被动关系，且这应该发生于谓语动词found之前，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。故填been wiped。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5.the/their ‎【解析】考查冠词或代词。此处特指他们那些“无价的、不可替代的文件”。故填the/ their。‎ ‎6.to help ‎【解析】考查非谓语。句意：但是结果，没有人可以帮忙。用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to help。‎ ‎7.remains ‎【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。根据主句的时态可知，状语从句用一般现在时，主语是your computer，所以谓语用单数的。故填remains。‎ ‎8.crashes ‎【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。根据主句的时态可知，状语从句用一般现在时，主语是your computer，所以谓语用单数的。故填crashes。‎ ‎9.(in) getting ‎【解析】考查非谓语。此处运用了“have problem in doing sth.”结构。故填(in) getting。‎ ‎10.solution ‎【解析】考查名词。短语talk about后面跟名词作宾语。故填solution。‎ Cloze 4‎ Nowadays, more and more post-90s generation will enter the workforce. They place more emphasis 1 looking for a job that they enjoy more than other factors. Many of them hope to establish a 2 (relax) working relationship. More than half of them prefer the easy-going and good-tempered 3 (employ). Surprisingly 10 percent of them wish to be friends with their bosses. Experts say that they are the generation of the Internet era. They have a strong 4 (aware) of "self" and how they relate to the outside world. Guo Yun, 22, is a digital media major from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. She says that she would not mind 5 (work) long hours, but would prefer her boss 6 (explain ) why she has to, such as the urgency of the task. "I feel 7 (great) motivated in this way," she explains. They tend to care a great deal about the team or the management culture. 8 are also more outspoken about their needs, and they are likely to openly communicate with their employers. As a result, they 9 (admit) into most big companies more easily. I think it is their frankness and enthusiasm 10 leaves a deep impression on their employers.‎ ‎【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。如今，越来越多的90后即将进入社会，他们有着很强的自我意识，他们直率并敢于公开地与老板沟通自己的想法，正因为这样，他们深受大多数公司老板的青睐。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.employers ‎【解析】考查考生根据语篇的意义正确用动词转化为名词的能力。句意:超过一半的90后更喜欢随和的、脾气好的老板。根据语境可知本空应该泛指老板，因此用名词复数employers。‎ ‎4.awareness ‎【解析】考查考生根据语篇的意义把形容词正确转化为名词的能力。此处表示他们有很强的自我意识。分析句子结构并结合句中的a可知，此处应用名词。‎ ‎5.working ‎【解析】考查考生根据动词用法正确使用非谓语动词的能力。此处表示她说她不介意工作时间长，但是她希望老板给她一个合理的解释，比如说工作的紧迫性等。句中动词mind表示"介意"，其后只能接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语。‎ ‎6.to explain ‎【解析】考查考生根据动词短语正确使用非谓语动词的能力。参考上题解析可知，此处表示希望老板给她一个合理的解释。句中prefer sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示"宁愿某人做某事"。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9.are admitted ‎【解析】考查考生根据语篇意义正确使用动词的时态和语态的能力。此处表示结果，90后很容易被大公司录取。本句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时;they和admit构成动宾关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎10.that ‎【解析】考查考生对强调句型的掌握情况。正是他们的直率与热情给老板们留下了深刻的印象。此处为强调句"It is +被强调部分+that+其他部分"，故应用that。‎ Cloze 5‎ ‎ As less people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a 1 (distance) memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jiangzhong, is committed to 2 (keep) the art of sugar painting alive.‎ Li worked as a miner for more than ten years. After 3 mine closed down, Li turned 4 housing decoration, until he 5 (force) to give that up due to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had an interest in.‎ Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he studied by 6 (he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy to learn the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make a 7 (vary) of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with 8 (melt) brown or white sugar. Craftsman 9 (normal) paint animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup(糖浆). When the sugar cools down, 10 appears is a piece of sugar art.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是记叙文，讲述38岁的李健忠回到老家继承中国传统文化，学习制作糖画的故事，文章还说明了糖画的制作。‎ ‎1.distant ‎【解析】考查词性转换。空格处修饰名词memory，形容词修饰名词作定语，故填distant。‎ ‎2.keeping ‎【解析考査非谓语动词。句意：一位38岁的手艺人李健忠致力于继承糖画艺术。be committed to“致力于”是固定搭配，to是介词，接动名词作宾语。故填keeping。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6.himself ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：由于他的村子里没有糖画手艺人，因此他自学制作糖画。by oneself固定用法，表示“独自地，全靠自己地”，故填himself。‎ ‎7.variety ‎【解析】‎ 考查词性转换。句意：他很快掌握了这项技术并能制作出各种各样的糖画。a variety of“各种各样”是固定短语，故填variety。‎ ‎8.melted ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：糖画通常用褐色或白色的融化了的糖做。melt作定语，与sugar是被动关系，用过去分词作定语表示被动关系，故填melted。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 予少家汉东，汉东僻陋无学者，吾家又贫无藏书。州南有大姓李氏者，其于尧辅颇好学。予为儿童时，多游其家，见有弊筐贮故书在壁间，发而视之，得唐《昌黎先生文集》六卷，脱落颠倒无次序，因乞李氏以归。读之，见其言深厚而雄博，然予犹少，未能悉究其义．徒见其浩然无涯，若可爱。‎ ‎ 是时天下学者杨、刘之作，号为时文，能者取科第，擅名声，以夸荣当世，未尝有道韩文者。予亦方举进士，以礼部诗赋为事。年十有七试于州，为有司所黜。因取所藏韩氏之文复阅之，则喟然叹曰：学者当至于是而止尔！因怪时人之不道，而顾己亦未暇学，徒时时独念于予心，以谓方从进士干禄以养亲，苟得禄矣，当尽力于斯文，以偿其素志。‎