高考常用于考时态的十大句型固定搭配和情态动词

高考常用于考时态的十大句型固定搭配和情态动词

常用于考时态的十大句型 常考固定搭配 情态动词的用法 ‎1、sb was doing sth when…某人正在干某事这时……‎ I was thinking about my new plan whan a good idea occurred to me. 我正在考虑我的新计划，这时一个好主意浮现出来。‎ 说明：在这个句中，主句的谓语动词通常是延续性动词，从句的失态用一般过去时，when 翻译成“这时”。‎ ‎2、sb was(just) about to do sth when…,某人正要干某事这时……‎ They were just about to set out when it began to rain.他们正要出发，这时下起雨来了。‎ 说明：在这个句型中，be (just) about to do 可以换成sb was/were on the point of doing sth when…, when翻译成“这时”。‎ ‎3、sb had just done when…某人刚干完某事这时……‎ I had just lain down when the telephone rang.我刚躺下，这时电话铃响了。‎ 说明：在这个句型中，just用于加强语气，也可以不要，when翻译成“这时”。‎ ‎4、it is the first/last…time that sb has/have done…某人第几次干某事……‎ It is the second time that we have visited your ‎ firm.我们是第二次参观你们的公司。‎ 说明：在“某人第几次干某事”这个句中，that之后的时态要用现在完成时，如果主句是it was…,从句时态随之换成过去完成时。例如：It was the third time that we had seen this film star.我们是第三次看见这个电影明星。‎ ‎5、Hardly had sb done…when sb did…某人刚刚干完某事这时…….‎ Hardly had they arrived at the airport when they received a warm welcome.他们一到机场就受到了热烈欢迎。‎ 说明：此句型完全可以换成用on sooner… than…,在这个句型中，一是因为否定词hardly/no在句首，主谓的顺序要到装；二是hardly/no sooner后的时态必须使用过去完成时，when/than之后的时态要用一般过去时。‎ ‎6、it is/has been some time since sb did…某人干完某事已多长时间 It is /has been twenty years since my father joined the Party.我爸入党已经20年了。‎ 说明：在这个句中，如果主句是it was,那么since的时态就要变成过去完成时，这叫做主句和从句的时态“同退一步”。‎ ‎7、It will be some time before sb do/does…过了多长时间再做某事 It will be three months before we meet again.‎ 再过3个月我们才能再见面。‎ 说明：这个句中也可以换成用it was…before sb did…,例如：it was three minutes before the boy got dressed.过了三分钟男孩才穿衣服。‎ ‎8、If sb don’t/doesn’t do sth,nor will sb.如果某人不……某人也不……‎ If you don’t go there,nor will I.如果你不去那儿，我也（将）不去。‎ 说明：在这个句型中要特别注意时态，主句的时态用一般将来时，if引导的从句用一般现在时。常见的错误是：If you don’t go there,nor do I.‎ ‎9、sb did… before sb did/could do…某人还未来得及干，另一件事发生了 The boy rushed out before I realized what was happening.我还没有意识到发生了什么事，那男孩就冲出去了。‎ 说明：在这个句型中，尽管before连接的两个动作有先后关系，但发生在先的动作并没有使用过去完成时。在英语中，如果两个以上的动作接连发生，这时都用一般过去时。‎ ‎10、I don’t know when she will come.我不知道她什么时候来。‎ I have no idea when the meeting will begin.我不知道会议什么时候开始。‎ 说明：英语中的时间状语从句和条件状语从句不能使用将来时态，但并非由此推论任何从句都不能使用将来时态。‎ 常考固定搭配 ‎1、常接-ing的动词、形容词或短语 Appreciate感激；avoid避免；escape逃避；enjoy喜欢；admit承认；delay/put off/postpone推迟；advocate提倡；imagine设想；fancy想象，喜欢；suggest建议；finish结束；complete完成；mind介意；risk冒险；miss错过；practise实践；deny否认；keep/keep on继续；can’t help/resist禁不住；stand忍受；be busy忙于；be worth值得；look forward to盼望；feel like愿意；give up放弃；get down to着手；insist on坚持；stick to坚持；devote to奉献；jave difficulty/trouble (in)干某事有困难；be used to习惯；have a good/wonderful time in玩得（很）好 ‎2、常接不定式的动词 decide决定；determine to do=be determined to do决定；learn学会；want想要；hope希望；expect期望；wish愿望；refuse拒绝；manage设法；pretend假装；offer愿意；promise允诺；choose选择；plan计划；agree同意；afford负担得起；attempt试图；prepare准备；require要求；care想要；prefer宁愿；ask请求；beg乞求；long渴望 ‎3、常接“疑问词+不定式”的动词或短语 有些动词之后接 ‎“how,what,whether,where,when,who等疑问词+动词不定式”，如：‎ I don’t know what to do.‎ ‎=I don’t know how to do it.‎ ‎= I don’t know what I should do.‎ ‎= I don’t know how I should do it.我不知道怎么办。这类动词或短语常用的有：‎ tell告诉；consider考虑；show展示；understand懂得；explain解释；teach教导；learn了解；advise建议；discuss讨论；wonder想知道；find out弄清 ‎4、接不定式和-ing意思不同的动词 ‎（1）stop doing sth停止在干的事；stop to do sth停下来干另外的事 ‎（2）try to do sth设法干某事；try doing sth试着干某事 ‎（3）go on to do sth继续干另外的事；go on doing继续干同一件事 ‎（4）mean to do=plan to do计划干；mean doing意味着 ‎（5）consider to do认为；consider doing考虑去做 ‎（6）remember to do记住要干（还没干）；remember ‎ doing记得干过（已干）‎ ‎（7）forget to do忘记了要干（还没干）；forget doing忘记了干过（已干）‎ ‎（8）regret to say/tell遗憾地告诉某人；regret doing/having done后悔干过 ‎（9）like to do sth某一次喜欢干某事；like doing sth平时喜欢干某事 ‎(10)want to do sth；想要干某事；want doing某事需要干 ‎（11）need to do有必要干某事；‎ need doing=want doing某事需要干 ‎（12）require sb to do要求某人干；‎ require doing=need doing=want doing某事需要干 ‎(13)can’t help to do不能帮忙干；can’t help doing sth禁不住干某事 但：continue to do=continue doing继续；intend to do=intend doing打算干 ‎5.其它常考的一些固定搭配 ‎（1）advise sb to do= advise doing建议干 ‎（2）allow sb to do= allow doing允许干 ‎（3）premit sb to do= premit doing允许干 ‎(4) forbid sb to do/ forbid doing禁止干 ‎（5）have..done让别人做（自己不做）；have…doing 让……继续下去（后接延续性动词）‎ ‎（6）have sb do=make sb do使某人干 ‎（7）get…done让……干成；get…doing使……动起来；get done(状态)变化；get sb to do请某人干 ‎（8）make sb do使某人干；make oneself done使成……状态 ‎“情态动词+have done”表推测一览表 情态动词+ have done 用法 例句 must have done 一定已经做了 They must have finished their work.‎ can’t have done 不可能已经做了 They can’t have finished their work could have done 可能已经做了或本来可能做但未做 You could have used my computer because I didn’t use it.‎ may have done 也许已经做了 They may have finished their work.‎ might have done 也许已经做了或本来可以做但未做 You might have used my computer because I didn’t use it.‎ Should/ought to have done 本来该做但未做 You Should have studied hard.‎ need not have done 本来不必做但做了 You need not have gone out.‎ would rather have done 过去宁愿做但未做 I would rather not have gone there.‎ would like to have 过去想做但未做 I would like to have seen the film.‎ ‎ done had better have done 当时最好做了某事 You’t better have gone there.‎ ‎“情态动词+be doing”表推测一览表 情态动词+ be doing 用法 例句 must be doing 一定正在做 They must be watching TV now.‎ can’t be doing 不可能正在做 They can’t be watching TV now.‎ May/might be doing 也许正在做 They may be watching TV now.‎ 口诀：“情动”加上have done,推测事情已经干；‎ ‎ “情动”加上be doing,推测事情在进行；‎ 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气：条件句分为真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种，真实条件句用陈述语气，虚拟条件句用虚拟语气。（虚拟条件句是虚拟语气的重点）‎ 虚拟条件句关键是要熟练掌握以下三大公式：‎ 三个相反 从句 主句 与现在事实相反 If sb did/were…‎ Sb would/should/could/might do…‎ 与过去事实相反 If sb had done…‎ Sb would/should/could/might have done/have been…‎ 与将来事实相反 If sb did/were…‎ If sb were to do…‎ If sb should do…‎ Sb would/should/could/might do…‎ ‎1、宾语从句中的虚拟语气：有三种情况。‎ 一是在动词insist(坚持)，order（命令），command(命令)，suggest（建议），advise（建议）。Recommend（建议，推荐），require（要求）,request（请求），demand（要求），desire（要求，愿望），等动词后面的宾语从句中一般用虚拟语气，其结构为“主语+should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。‎ 把以上10个动词简称为：一个“坚持”，两个“命令”，三个“建议”，四个“要求”。‎ 二是动词wish之后接宾语从句一定要用虚拟语气。‎ 从句的时态是：‎ ‎1、与过去事实相反用had done/had been,‎ ‎2、与现在事实相反用did或were,‎ ‎3、与将来事实相反用“would/might/could/should+动词原形”。‎ 注意：wish在简单句中并非表示的是虚拟语气，如：wish you success.祝你成功。‎ 三是在would rather的宾语从句中，也要使用虚拟语气，其从句中谓语动词的时态用一般过去时。如：I would rather you didn’t hear what I said. 我宁愿你没有听到我说的话。‎ ‎2、主语从句中的虚拟语气 少数“it is+形容词+that+主语+should+动词原形”，其中should同样可以省略。常见形容词有：important,necessary,strange,unusual,curious,remarkable,surprising,desirable,natural等。‎ ‎3、定语从句中的虚拟语气 ‎“it is(high/about) time that+主语+动词的过去式，或者是“should+动词原形”。Time是先行词，that是引导词，其意思是“早该做什么事了”‎ 如：1、It is high time that you went to school.=it is high time that you should go to school.你该上学了。‎ ‎2、It is about time that you picked up your daughter at school.= It is about time that you should pick up your daughter at school.你该去学校接你女儿了。‎ 熟练掌握强调句型：句型结构是：it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子原有部分。在强调句型中，强调人时，一般用who,也可用that,但强调时间，地点等时只能用that,不能用when,where等。‎ 1、 强调主语 2、 强调地点状语 3、 强调时间状语 4、 强调宾语。‎ not …until…的三大句型：‎ 例：妈妈回家之后我才睡觉。‎ 正常 I did not go to bed until my mother come back home.‎ 强调 It was not until my mother came back home that I went to bed.‎ 倒装 Not until my mother came back home did I go to bed.‎ 怎样识别not …until…是强调句还是倒装句呢？很简单，如果否定词not在句首，就是倒装句，如果it在句首，就是强调句。‎ it的10大句型 ‎1、It was for the first time that I wrote to a foreign pen friend.这确实是我第一次给一个外国笔友写信。‎ 这是强调句型。还原为：‎ I wrote to a foreign pen friend for the first time.‎ ‎2、It is the first time that I have written to a foreign pen friend. 这是我第一次给一个外国笔友写信 这是定语从句，that之后的时态要用现在完成时态。‎ ‎3、It was eight when the class began.8点钟开始上课。‎ 这是时间状语从句，强调句型：‎ It was at eight that the class began.‎ ‎4、It is possible that I will enter this key university.我上这所重点大学是可能的。‎ 这是主语从句。It是形式主语。that I will enter this key university是真正主语。还原成：‎ That I will enter this key university is possible.‎ ‎5、It is/has been three years since he got married.他结婚（成家）已经三年了。‎ It is/has been some time since sb did(短暂性动词)sth.意为“自从某人干某事已经有多长时间”例如：‎ It is/has been three years since he worked here.他不在这儿工作已经三年了。‎ ‎6、It will be one year before she finishes middle school.‎ 再有一年时间她就中学毕业了。‎ It is/was/ will be some time before…意为“过多长时间后再干什么”。‎ ‎7、It is high time we went to school.我们上学的时间到了。‎ 这时定语从句，在It is（high）time that…句型中，that之后谓语动词的时态要用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”，属于虚拟语气。‎ ‎8、It is said that a new factory will be built nearby my hometown.据说一家新工厂将见在我家乡附近。‎ 这时主语从句。‎ it is+过去分词+that…..。类似的句型还有：It is reported that…/ It is known that…/ It is thought that…/ It is suggested that…/ It is believed that…/ It is hoped that…等。‎ ‎9、It looks as if it is going to snow.看起来要下雪了。‎ 这时表语从句，类似的句型还有：It seems to sb that…/ It (so)happened that…/ It appears to sb that(=as if)…等。‎ ‎10、It is necessary that we should master a foreign language.我们掌握一门外语是必需的。‎ 这是主语从句，在“It is+少数形容词+that sb should do …”这种句型中，it同样是形式主语，that之后从句的谓语动词是“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。这样的形容词有necessary/important/unusual/strange/natural等。‎ 情态动词+have done表推测 ‎1、must have done 一定已经做了。‎ They must have finished their work.‎ ‎2、Can have done.可能已经做了。‎ Can’t have done.不可能已经做了。‎ They can have finished homework so quickly.‎ They can’n have finished homework so quickly.‎ They can have gone to bed since the door is closed.门关着，他们可能已经睡着了。‎ ‎3、Could have done.可能已经做过。‎ Couldn’t have done. 不可能已经做过。‎ You could have used my computer because I didn’t use it.‎ you couldn’t have used my computer.‎ Could have done的虚拟语气，表本来会做而未做。含责备，遗憾的语气。‎ It was so fine yesterday,you could have come out for a walk.‎ 昨天天气好,你本来可以出来散散步的。‎ ‎4、would have done.表示虚拟，本来完全可以做，而没有做。‎ I would have come to help you with the work yesterday but I was too busy.昨天我本想帮你做工作的，但我太忙了。‎ ‎5、should have done.表示虚拟，本应该做。should=ouqht to ‎ Shouldn’t have done.本不应该做。‎ He shouldn’t have swum in the lake alone.他本不应该独自一人在湖里游泳。‎ ‎6、needn’t have done.表示虚拟语气。本来不必做，“多此一举”‎ You needn’t have watered the flowers.多此一举 ‎7、will /shall have done.表示将来完成时，不表示推测，也不表示虚拟。‎ ‎8、may have done.也许已经做了。‎ They may have finish homework.‎ You may have read the book.‎ ‎9、might have done.也许已经做过，或本来做但未做。‎ They might have won the match.他们本来可以赢得这场比赛。‎ I might have passed the exam.我本来可以通过考试。‎ ‎10、needn’t have done.本来不必做但做了。‎ You need not have gone out.你不必出去。‎ ‎11、would rather have done.过去宁愿做但未做。‎ I would rather not have gone there.我宁愿没有去过哪儿。‎ ‎12、would like to have done.过去想做但未做。‎ I would like to have seen the film.我过去想看场电影。‎ ‎13、had better have done.当时最好做了某事。‎ You’d better have gone there.你当时最好去哪儿。‎ 情态动词+be going.表推测：‎ Must be doing.一定正在做 They must be watching TV now Can’t be doing.不可能正在做 They can’t be watching TV now May/might be doing.也许正在做 They may be watching TV now