高考英语阅读理解和任务型阅读专练

高考英语阅读理解和任务型阅读专练

阅读理解专项练习（一）‎ 高考英语阅读理解语篇的读解能力培养 ‎ ‎　　（训练步骤：第一，先阅读每个段落的提问；第二，自己思考答案；第三，看参考答案；第四，最后再阅读全文。）‎ ‎　　段落一：‎ ‎　　①For almost two months Dominic York, a 23-year-old hairdresser, wandered about hospitals all night, wearing a white coat and pretending he was a doctor. ②Yesterday he proudly claimed in court that despite his complete lack of medical experience or qualifications, he had saved several people’s lives. ③He had even been allowed to assist a surgeon during an emergency operation on a patient who was about to die on something she had swallowed.‎ ‎　　◆ 本段交代了几件事情？‎ ‎　答：本段交代了两件事情。首句介绍了一个叫Dominic York的青年几乎两个月以来在医院周边走动。后两句话讲述这名青年干过的“伟业”。‎ ‎　　◆ 句②和句③是什么关系？‎ ‎　　答：句③是对句②的递进说明。该青年不但救了好几人的命，还能被准许在挽救一濒死女子（she）的手术中帮个忙。‎ ‎　　◆ 句②交代了什么重要内容？‎ ‎　　答：该句的in court表明该人上了法庭。句②和句③的内容都是Dominic York在法庭上的陈述。‎ ‎　　段落二：‎ ‎　　①“I watched one of those TV dramas about a hospital and suddenly I felt like playing one of the roles myself. ②So I put on a white jacket and a stethoscope(听诊器)and walked around one of the biggest hospital in London. ③At first I just watched. ④Once you learn how doctors talk to patients, nurses and others doctors, it’s easy to take people in,” he said.‎ ‎　　◆ 本段交代了几件事情？‎ ‎　　答：本段交代了两件事情。针对上段第一句讲述Dominic York的青年几乎两个月以来在医院周边走动，本段句①句②说明了他这么做的原因。句③和句④讲述这名青年到医院后的举动以及如此举动的原因。‎ ‎　　◆ 句③和句④是什么关系？‎ ‎　　答：句④是对句③的解释说明。青年Dominic York为什么在一开始仅仅在那儿观察（just watch）？因为他知道，一旦（once）学会了医生是如何讲话的，那么自己就能顺利地冒充，而不被人识破。‎ ‎　　段落三：‎ ‎　　①One of the patients he treated was Laura Kennan. ②She had been knocked down by a car and fainted. ③When she came to in hospital, York was standing over her.‎ ‎　　◆ 本段交代了几件事情？‎ ‎　　答：本段交代了三件事情。第一件事情是介绍一名被Dominic York治疗过的叫作Laura Kennan病人；再就是介绍这个病人因何事被送往医院；最后交代该人一进医院，Dominic York就站在她旁边。‎ ‎　　◆ 句②交代了什么重要内容？‎ ‎　　答：该句介绍了Laura Kennan因何被送往医院：是因为被汽车撞倒后不省人事。‎ ‎　　段落四：‎ ‎　　①“He looked very professional. ②He told me his name was Doctor Simon. ③Then he gave me some sort of injection,” she said. ④And then he suddenly cleared off when a nurse asked who he was. ⑤She didn’t think there was anything wrong. ⑥“I would never have realized he was a fake if a policewoman hadn’t showed me his photograph a week later. ⑦When the policewoman told me who he really was, I could hardly believe my ears.”‎ ‎　　◆ 本段交代了几件事情？‎ ‎　　答：本段是女病人Laura Kennan对当时情景的讲述。可以推断，Laura Kennan是在法庭（in court）的证人席上讲此番话的。‎ ‎　　◆ 句①句②和句③交代了什么重要内容？‎ ‎　　答：该句交代了Laura Kennan见到假医生Dominic York后的第一印象。他虽然是个冒牌医生，但是看上去很是专业（very professional），还起了个假称呼（Doctor Simon）。这个假医生还给Laura Kennan注射了什么。‎ ‎　　◆ 句④和句⑤以及句⑥是什么关系？‎ ‎　　答：句⑤是对句④的交代说明。句④讲Dominic York被护士询问后突然（suddenly）消失（clear off），按说这一情况很是令人生疑，可也许是因为他装得太专业了（looked very professional），以至于Laura Kennan不认为这有什么不对劲（didn’t think there was anything wrong）。‎ ‎　　◆ 句⑥和句⑤是什么关系？‎ ‎　　答：句⑥是对句⑤的进一步说明。不但她（Laura Kennan）当时没看出异常，就是事后也觉察不出异常。要不是警察提醒，她将永远被瞒在鼓里。句⑥的语气是对过去事情的一种虚拟假设：“要不是警察在一周后向他出示该假医生的照片，她将永远不能意识到（would never have realized）该人是冒牌医生。”而事实上呢，警察既出示了照片，她也意识到了该人是冒牌大夫。‎ ‎　　◆ 句⑦交代了什么重要内容？‎ ‎　　答：句⑦侧面强化了句①。他装得太象了（looked very professional），以至于当Laura Kennan被告之真相后，竟然几乎不敢（could hardly）相信自己的耳朵（believe my ears）。‎ ‎　　段落五：‎ ‎　　①Judge Raymond Adams told York that he was “shocked and horrified” that he got away with his deceiving for so long. ②And then sentenced him to eighteen months in a special prison for criminal with mental disorders.‎ ‎　　◆ 本段交代了几件事情？‎ ‎　　答：由于文章首段句②里的in court交代了假医生Dominic York在法庭上做着陈述，因此本段笔锋一转，讲起了法庭里的另一主角：法官。本段描述法官的审判感受以及断案结果。‎ ‎　　◆ 句①句②交代了什么重要内容？‎ ‎　　答：句①交代了法官的审判感受，假医生屡屡得手后的逃离令他（he）又惊又怕（shocked and horrified）。是呀，这假大夫治病，那后果可难说啊。‎ ‎　　句②交代了法官的审判结果，他把这假大夫Dominic York关到一个为精神异常的犯人准备的特殊监狱里，刑期18个月。‎ ‎　　段落六：‎ ‎　　①“I can only hope that this will not lead to further problems. ②After all, you will have considerable opportunity to study the behaviour of the psychiatrists(精神科医生)who will look after you while you are there. ③If you try to persuade people that ‎ you yourself are a psychiatrist after you are set free, I shall make sure that you are given a much longer sentence.” Judge Adams warned York.‎ ‎　　◆ 本段交代了什么事情？‎ ‎　　答：本段交代了法官在审判后对被告人Dominic York的警告（warning）。‎ ‎　　◆ 句①和句②是什么关系？‎ ‎　　答：句②是对句①的解释说明。为什么法官讲自己仅能希望（can only hope）这将不会导致更多麻烦（further problems）？是因为Dominic York被关进了一个常接触医生的监狱，在那里其有足够的机会去观察学习（have considerable opportunity to study）精神科医生的举止，万一他出狱后改成冒充精神科医生，干起了精神病治精神病的事儿，岂不更遭？‎ ‎　　◆ 句③交代了什么重要内容？‎ ‎　　答：为了防止出现句①所述的更多麻烦，法官只能威胁被告：“要是你敢在释放后（after you are set free）冒充精神科医生，我定将加重判决”。‎ ‎1、快速浏览题干，通过题干先对问题做一些区分。一般来说，出题人在题目的设置方面，都会按照文章的内容来依次设置问题的顺序。问题设置的难度也是由浅入深。所以，大家在第一遍阅读文章时，基本上可以将该篇文章的1-3小题做出答案或是找到问题在文章中显示的位置。如果是考细节的题目，你可以在第一遍浏览文章的时候，拿铅笔把题干中最具代表性的几个词划出来，为第二遍精读时找寻答案或是思考答案做铺垫。 ‎ ‎2、看过题干之后，再返回原文阅读，在阅读的过程中不用过于注重词句的把握，遇到不认识的单词不必作太久的停留，以免影响阅读速度。 ‎ ‎3、近些年英语阅读的特点是几乎不出现需要综合跨段的信息情况。因而，理解之后就可以立即返回题目，阅读选项进行选择。 ‎ ‎5、在做态度题的时候，尤其要注意开头和结尾部分，重点是形容词的把握，并且要重视文中出现的有明显转折词的地方。 ‎ 将题型分类更科学： ‎ ‎①词汇题。这类题考查目的是，让考生以上下文内容为参考，尝试理解文中出现的生词。而文章中出现这个生词的位置，往往下文中出现的内容是对这个词的解释、说明、举例等。 ‎ ‎②主旨题。大家应该很熟悉这类题型。碰到这类题最简单的方法是把文中每段的首句串起来考虑。若是仅问其中某一段的中心思想，则可将该段的首、尾句加起来考虑。 ‎ ‎③作者观点、态度题。这种题是考查读者对于作者的写作意图和态度是否明了。解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。若用褒义词，显然是赞成；若用贬义词，显然是反对；若客观陈述，则是中性的立场，不偏不倚。更为明显地一个解题办法，就是寻找文中的转折词，一般转折此后面的文段表明了作者的观点。 ‎ ‎④细节问题。这类题出现的特点是，以考查文章中某一个细节问题为入手点。它可能出现与原文中某一句话。但是，往往照抄原文的句子并不一定是正确选项。这类题的正确答案，应该是与原文意思和所问问题相符的才对。 ‎ ‎⑤推理性问题。既然这类题被命名为推理题，你就不应该指望在原文中搜索出答案，而应该通过自己的理解去推理答案，但切忌凭空瞎想，要忠实原文内容去推理。这类题是阅读理解种最难的一类问题。你只有以原文中某句话或某个词语为依据去合理推测才能找到合适的答案。 ‎ 做英语阅读，需要有量的积累，但是如果只知道一味埋头做题，同样无济于事。做了一定量的题目以后，需要有一个反思总结。要把自己错的题归类出来，属于上面5种题型的哪一种。并将自己的答案与参考答案进行对比，体会出题者的意图和你理解的偏差。俗话说吃一堑长一智，再同一类型题上多次总结错误后，我相信你就会慢慢地减少错误率。最后得到满意的结果。‎ ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。‎ Ａ ‎ Although man has known asbestos for many hundreds of years, it was not until 160 years ago that it was m高考资源网ined for the first time on the North American continent. H. W. Johns, owner of a New York City Supply Shop for roofers, was responsible for(对…负责) the opening of that first mine.‎ ‎ Mr. Johns was given a piece of asbestos which had been found in Italy. He experimented with the material and then showed its surprising powers to his customers. After putting on a pair of asbestos gloves, which looked much like ordinary work gloves, he took red-hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in his hands. How astonished the customers were to discover that he was not burned at all. You can well imagine that he had increasing business in asbestos roofing materials. However, because it was very expensive to transport (carry) them from Italy to the United States, Mr. Johns sent out a young scientist to seek a source nearer home. This young man found great vein(岩脉), in the province of Quebec in Canada.‎ ‎ Ever since 1881 Quebec has led the world in the production of this unusual mineral, which is made up of magnesium, silicon, iron, and oxygen. When it is mined, the asbestos is heavy, just as you would expect a mineral to be. When it is separated, a strange thing happens; the rock breaks ‎ down into fine, soft, soapy fibers(纤维). ‎ ‎ Scientists do not know why the rock can be separated easily into threads(线), but they have found thousands of uses of this fireproof material, of the so-called “cloth of stone”.‎ ‎1. Which title best expresses the main idea of this passage?‎ A. Asbestos mined in Canada B. Fireproof matter C. A “wonder” mineral D. A new roofing material ‎2. Johns proved his ability as a salesman by_______.‎ A. going into roofing business B. carrying asbestos from Italy C. sending a trained scientist D. showing the use of asbestos gloves ‎3. Which is the most important character of asbestos that the author wants to show us? ‎ A. It is like thread. B. It feels soapy.‎ C. It burns easily. D. It is unusually heavy.‎ ‎4. The author’s main purpose in writing this passage was to _______.‎ A. show the need for more scientists B. compare asbestos with other minerals C. increase the sales of asbestos D. present facts about asbestos B Every object tells a story. Even the most ordinary objects can present to us powerful images. Sometimes it is the ordinary nature of these objects that actually makes them so extraordinary. Such is the case with an old leather shoe in a museum in Alaska. At first glance it does not look like much. It is a woman’s shoe of a style popular in the 1890s. But what is unique(独特的) about this shoe is where it was found. It was discovered on the Checkout Pass, the famous trail used by the people seeking gold in Alaska. Who it belonged to or why it was left there is not known. Was it perhaps dropped by accident as the woman climbed up the 1500 stairs carved outface? Or did she throw away ‎ goods that she didn’t need in order to travel lighter?‎ Over 100, 000 people with “gold fever” made this trip hoping to become millionaires. Few of them understood that on their way they would have to cross a harsh wildness. Unprepared for such a dangerous journey, many died of starvation and exposure to the cold weather. ‎ The Canadian government finally started requiring the gold seekers to bring one ton of supplies with them. This was thought to be enough for a person to survive for one year. They would carry their supplies in backpacks(背包) each weighing up to fifty pounds; it usually took at least 40 trips to get everything to the top and over the pass. Whoever dropped the shoe must have been a brave and determined woman. Perhaps she was successful and made it to Alaska. Perhaps she had to turn back in defeat. No one will ever know for sure, but what we do know is that she took part in one of the greatest adventures in the 19th century. ‎ ‎5. The ordinary woman’s leather shoe is considered unusual because _______. ‎ A. it was an important clue to life in the past B. it was found on a famous trail ‎ C. it at one time belonged to a VIP D. it was a fashionable shoe at that time ‎ ‎6. According to this passage, many people who went to Alaska _______. ‎ A. eventually became millionaires B. brought with them many shoes ‎ C. had conflicts with the Eskimos D. were not properly equipped ‎ ‎7. The Canadian government made gold seekers bring one year’s supplies with them so that _______. ‎ A. they would not die of hunger and cold ‎ B. the army would have enough food for fighting a war ‎ C. they would change these goods with the Eskimos ‎ D. the supplies would make Alaska rich ‎ ‎8. No matter what happened to the woman who owned the shoe, _______. ‎ A. she must have lived a happy life ‎ B. she certainly dropped the shoe on purpose ‎ C. her adventurous spirit is definitely admired ‎ D. her other shoes were equally fashionable ‎ C With only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种). That’s a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”. ‎ Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & M’s College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future. ‎ It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years. ‎ This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal. ‎ The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete. ‎ ‎“The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog. ‎ ‎“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.” ‎ ‎9. The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project is to _______.‎ A. make efforts to clone the endangered pandas B. save endangered animals from dying out C. collect DNA of endangered animals to study D. transfer the nuclear of one animal to another ‎10. According to Professor Kraemer, the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of _______.‎ A. available panda eggs B. host animals C. qualified researchers D. enough money ‎11. The best title for the passage may be _______.‎ A. China’s Success in Pandas Cloning    ‎ B. The First Cloned Panda in the World ‎ C. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas ‎ D. China —the Native Place of Pandas Forever ‎12. From the passage we know that _______.‎ A. Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a dog ‎ B. scientists try to implant a panda’s egg into a rabbit ‎ C. Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researches ‎ D. about two thousand of species will probably die out in a century m D On Saturday August 12, 2000, during Northern Fleet training exercises in the Barents Sea, the ‎ Russian nuclear submarine(潜水艇) Kursk sank in about 100 meters of water with some 118 sailors aboard. It's known later that several officers were also aboard, observing the training exercises. The Kursk is lying on the ocean floor in the Barents Sea. The Russian Navy said that it was listing 30 degrees to port. Other sources reported it was listing as much 60 as degrees. According to a Russian newspaper, when the submarine Kursk failed to make contact with the naval command at the right time later that day, Northern Fleet Commander Admiral Vyachesav Popov ordered rescue ships into the area. It took hours to find the submarine, as it didn't launch(发射) a marking buoy(浮) before sinking. ‎ Russian Navy Chief insisted that the submarine Kursk had been involved(卷入) in a major collision(碰撞), but a great deal of information shows that this is not true. Up till now, it's believed that an explosion in the torpedo compartment(鱼雷舱) in the nose of the Kursk was the likely cause. Now Russian government officially asked Norway for help in recovering of sailors' bodies first of all, and Norway has agreed to offer all help. But Russian insisted that only Russians work inside the submarine Kursk and that the work last for about 10～18 working days. It is expected to recover only 25～35 bodies from the Kursk. ‎ It was not until October 25, when a team of Russian divers entered the submarine Kursk, some 350 feet below the surface, that truth became clear. On November 7, in the morning, owing to(由于) the icy and the cold weather, a special rescue meeting held on Murmansk decided to stop the whole bodies recovering operation. ‎ ‎13. From the text we can infer that _______ led to the sinking of the submarine Kursk. ‎ A. a small fighting with another foreign submarine B. an explosion inside the submarine Kursk C. a great collision inside the submarine Kursk D. an attack from another foreign submarine ‎14. After Kursk accident occurred, Northern Fleet Commander Popov _______. ‎ A. decided to recover all the sailors' bodies immediately B. went to apply to Norway for help at once C. decided to find out the real cause of sinking at once D. sent several rescue ships into the Barents Sea ‎15. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?‎ A. The Norwegians were willing to offer all help.‎ A. If the rescue work did within 10～18 days, there would be about 30 sailors to be recovered. ‎ B. It was not believed that there were many unclear weapons inside the Kursk. ‎ C. A team of divers from Norway entered the submarine Kursk successfully on Oct. 25 ‎ D. It's reported that a major collision was unlikely to cause the sinking of the Kursk. ‎ ‎16. Why did Russia insist that only Russian divers can work inside the submarine Kursk?‎ A. Because the Barents Sea is very icy and the weather is too cold. ‎ B. Because Russia feared that the top secrets inside the Kursk will be let out. ‎ C. Because Russian divers are much more skilled than those from Norway. ‎ D. Because Russian government wants to bring the cost down to the lowest degree. ‎ ‎17. The underlined words “make contact with” in the first paragraph refers to the idea that the submarine Kursk can't_______. ‎ A. get in touch after much effort with the naval command B. send up the nuclear weapons in the training exercises C. get the naval officers to return to the Northern Fleet D. get in touch after much effort with Russian government