2020版高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材复习 题组提分练21 Unit 1 Great scientists5

2020版高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材复习 题组提分练21 Unit 1 Great scientists5

题组提分练21 Unit 1 Great scientists 限时70分钟　‎ 完形填空　(2018·东莞质检)　体裁：记叙文　话题：兴趣与爱好　难度：★★★☆☆‎ John Carpenter John Carpenter did not like to buy toys that somebody else had made. He liked the fun of __1__ them himself. The thought that they were his own work __2__ him.‎ Tom, one of his playmates, thought a toy was worth nothing __3__ it cost a great deal of money. He never tried to make __4__， but bought all his toys. “Come and look at my horse，” said he, one day. “It __5__ a dollar, and it is such a beauty！” John was soon __6__ his friend's horse, and he was examining it __7__ to see how it was made. The same evening he tried to make a __8__ one for himself. He went into the wood shed, and __9__ two pieces of wood—one for the head of his horse, the other for the body. It took him two or three days to shape them to his __10__. But what about the wheels? This __11__ him. With great efforts, he finally got some __12__ pieces of wood which could suit his __13__. Proud of his great __14__， he ran to his friend Tom, crying, “Now then, Tom, here is my horse. Look！”‎ ‎“Well, that is a __15__ horse，” said Tom, “Where did you buy it？”‎ ‎“I didn't buy it，” __16__ John, “I made it.”‎ ‎“You made it yourself! Oh, well, it's a good horse for you to make. __17__ it is not as good as mine. Mine cost a __18__， and yours didn't cost anything.”‎ ‎“It was real fun to make it, though，” said John, and away he ran with his horse __19__ after him.‎ Does it really cost nothing and all his efforts are __20__？ Of course not, I will tell you. John Carpenter now is a master workman, and will soon have a shop of his own.‎ ‎1．A. collecting B. making C. doing D. inventing ‎2．A. concerned B. annoyed C. amazed D. delighted ‎3．A. since B. in case C. unless D. as if ‎4．A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 9‎ ‎5．A. used B. cost C. wasted D. needed ‎6．A. searching B. feeling C. admiring D. attending ‎7．A. patiently B. casually C. willingly D. hurriedly ‎8．A. vivid B. common C. similar D. rare ‎9．A. picked out B. gone through C. picked up D. came over ‎10．A. surprise B. regret C. relief D. satisfaction ‎11．A. excited B. cheered C. puzzled D. amused ‎12．A. flat B. rough C. sharp D. round ‎13．A. approach B. curiosity C. concern D. purpose ‎14．A. dream B. work C. house D. wood ‎15．A. funny B. horrible C. royal D. dull ‎16．A. asked B. replied C. reminded D. insisted ‎17．A. So B. As C. But D. After ‎18．A. pound B. bill C. note D. dollar ‎19．A. rolling B. slipping C. passing D. marching ‎20．A. for sure B. in vain C. available D. meaningful 答案与解析　‎ ‎【语篇解读】　约翰·卡朋特喜欢自己做的玩具，并因为这个爱好成为一个工匠大师。‎ 9‎ ‎1．B　根据上文提到的不喜欢别人制造的玩具，他喜欢自己做玩具。make“制造”，符合语境。collect“收集”；do“做”；invent“发明”。‎ ‎2．D　根据第1空前的the fun以及第19空前的real fun可知，对于他而言，玩具是自己制造的，让他很开心。delight“使开心”，符合语境。concern“使担忧”；annoy“使生气；惹恼”；amaze“使吃惊”。‎ ‎3．C　根据第4空后的bought all his toys可知Tom认为一个玩具除非是花很多钱买的，否则就一文不值。unless“除非”，符合语境。‎ ‎4．A　Tom从不做任何东西，所有的玩具都是买的。anything“任何东西”，符合语境。‎ ‎5．B　根据设空后的a dollar及主语it可知，该空应用cost“花费”。use“使用”；waste“浪费”；need“需要”。‎ ‎6．C　约翰喜欢上了朋友的玩具马，他耐心地察看，观察它是怎么做成的。admire“欣赏；羡慕”，符合语境。search“搜寻；搜索”；feel“感受”；attend“出席；照顾”。‎ ‎7．A　解析见上一题。patiently“耐心地”，符合语境。casually“随意地”；willingly“情愿地”；hurriedly“匆忙地”。‎ ‎8．C　当天晚上，他就开始动手为自己做了一个类似的马。similar“相似的；类似的”，符合语境。vivid“生动的”；common“常见的”；rare“稀有的”。‎ ‎9．A　他挑了两块木头，一块做马头，一块做马的身子。pick out“挑选”，符合语境。go through“经历；经受”；pick up“捡起；接收；接某人；染上”；come over“顺便来访；过来”。‎ ‎10．D　他花了两到三天才做出自己满意的造型。to one's satisfaction“令某人满意的是”；to one's surprise“令某人吃惊的是”；to one's regret“令某人遗憾的是”；to one's relief“令某人宽慰的是”。‎ ‎11．C　车轮怎么办呢，这可把他难住了。puzzle“使……迷惑；难住”，符合语境。excite“使兴奋”；cheer“喝彩”；amuse“使开心；逗乐”。‎ ‎12．D　他费尽周折找到一些圆形木头做轮子。根据生活常识，车轮是圆形的。round“圆的”，符合语境。flat“平坦的”；rough“粗糙的”；sharp“锋利的；敏锐的”。‎ ‎13．D　他找圆木头的目的是做车轮。purpose“用途；目的”，符合语境。approach“方法”；curiosity“好奇”；concern“关心”。‎ ‎14．B　马是他的作品。work“作品”，符合语境。dream“梦想”；house“房间”；wood“木头”。‎ ‎15．A　根据第17空前的a good horse可知，Tom说这匹马很有趣。funny“有趣的”，符合语境。horrible“可怕的”；royal“皇家的；盛大的；高贵的”；dull“乏味的”。‎ ‎16．B　根据上文Tom问“你从哪里买的”可知，该处表达约翰回答说“我自己做的”。reply“回答”，符合语境。ask“问”；remind“提醒”；insist“坚持；坚决要求”。‎ 9‎ ‎17．C　前后语境是转折关系，故用连词but。‎ ‎18．D　根据上文第5空后的a dollar可知，D项“美元”符合语境。‎ ‎19．A　小马带有轮子，故应该是在约翰身后滚动着。roll“滚动”，符合语境。slip“滑倒”；pass“经过”；march“行军”。‎ ‎20．B　难道小马真的一文不值，他的努力徒劳无功吗？in vain“徒劳”，符合语境。for sure“一定的”；available“可得到的”；meaningful“有意义的”。‎ 词汇微存　①workman n．工匠； ②shape vt.塑造 完形技巧5　上下文中——寻信息 完形填空选项的设置多用以考查学生通过上下文的提示或暗示，对文意进行整体把握的能力。①联系空白处的含义与前后句的意思进行合理推断；②开头的题目从下文中查找信息；③中间或最后的题目从上下文中查找信息；④常见信息多为单词、短语、句子，有时是语境暗示。‎ 　小题补练　 完形技巧5补练 ‎1．需“瞻前”‎ ‎【考例】　(2017·北京卷)①... She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry ... More recently, the foundation began another campaign called National Red Scarf Day—a day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canada's ________ and homeless.‎ A. elderly　　　　　　B. hungry C. lonely D. sick 答案与解析　B　单独就本空来看，四个选项都有可能。但是由前面的“the man was homeless and hungry”可知，此处应该选用hungry。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration ... After that, feeling the need to ________ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings.‎ A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain 答案与解析　B　根据上下文，尤其是关键词explore可知，作者觉得自己有进一步“探索”美式手语的需要，故选B项。‎ ‎2．需“顾后”‎ ‎【考例】　①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)A Toronto man is offering a free roundtheworld 9‎ ‎ air ticket to the right woman.But ________ apply.You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian ____(passport)．‎ A. benefits B. deposits C. restrictions D. examinations 答案与解析　C　由下一句可知，这张免费机票是有限制的，即名字必须叫Elizabeth Gallagher，还得持有加拿大护照，因此选择C项。‎ ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)One more look and he noticed ________ shooting out from under the _____(disabled) vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and _____(got_hold_of) the fire extinfiguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.‎ A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam 答案与解析　A　由后面“Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out”可知，从损毁的汽车下冒出的是fire，故选flames“火焰”，而不是smoke“烟”。‎ ‎3．需“瞻前顾后”‎ ‎【考例】　(2015·广东卷)On the whole, our population is getting older. The ________ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see _____(chances),_not disaster.‎ A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases 答案与解析　A　联系上一句话中的“getting older”和下一句话中的“such changes”可以判断，人们寿命的延长和人口老龄化这些变化正对我们的社会发展和生活方式产生持久的影响，故选A项。‎ ‎4．需通览全文 有些题目依据上下文找不出答案，文中没有明确的信息，只有通览全文，把握主题，才能确定正确答案。‎ ‎【考例】　(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)One thing is _____(for_certain)—Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His ________ most likely saved the woman's life.‎ A. patience B. skills C. efforts D. promise 答案与解析 9‎ ‎　C　本题必须结合全篇内容才能解出。由上文内容可知，运输司机Larry在路上冒险救人，因此此处应为Larry的努力挽救了那位女士的性命。本文为典型的“分——总”结构，前文叙述的是Larry的英勇事迹，后文是对Larry事迹的总结。‎ 语法填空　(原创)　体裁：记叙文　话题：社会　难度：★★☆☆☆‎ For his graduate thesis, a German student named Jorg rode 5,800 kilometers in China to learn about the Chinese Dream among ordinary people. Because 1.____________his interest in Chinese culture, he 2.________ (go) to Zhejiang‎ ‎University in 2015 for a master’s degree.‎ ‎“What's your Chinese Dream？” This is the question 3.________ (raise) by him for every stranger he came across on his 100-day journey. Jorg learned the term “Chinese Dream” in 2013, 4.____________ has become a buzz word in Chinese society. Eager 5.____________ (understand ) the true meaning of the term among ordinary Chinese people, he started his journey in May 2016.‎ Jorg believes riding is 6.______ (nature), environmentally-friendly, and flexible. His trip covered 12 7.__________ (province), autonomous regions, and municipalities, from the northernmost city of Mohe to the southernmost city of Sanya. ‎ Jorg concluded that dreams of individuals are mostly related to wealth and 8.____________ (happy). From an official perspective (角度), the dream 9.____________ (paint) a bigger picture of national rejuvenation (复兴), he noted.‎ Though the people seek their own way to realize their dreams, they all believe that 10.____________ strong country is the prerequisite (前提), Jorg said.‎ 答案与解析　‎ ‎【语篇解读】　浙江大学，有一位叫Jorg的德国留学生，骑行5 ‎800公里穿越中国。从黑龙江漠河北极村，一直到海南三亚，这趟旅程历经近100天，以了解中国人心中的“中国梦”是什么。‎ ‎1．of　考查介词短语。because of “因为”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。‎ ‎2．went　考查动词时态。设空处所填词在句中作谓语，且句中时间状语是in 2015，故谓语动词用一般过去时，故填过去式went。 ‎ ‎3．raised　考查非谓语动词。设空在句中作定语修饰名词the question, 应用非谓语动词。raise与the question是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎4．which　考查定语从句。本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the term “Chinese Dream”，指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which 引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎5．to understand　考查非谓语动词。be eager to do sth. “渴望做某事”。‎ ‎6．natural　考查词性转换。设空处所填词在句中作表语，应用形容词，表“自然的”，‎ 9‎ ‎ 应填natural。‎ ‎7．provinces　考查名词的数。设空前是数词12, 故该空应填复数名词。‎ ‎8．happiness　考查词性转换。设空处所填词与设空前的名词wealth共同作are related to 的宾语，故应用名词，填happiness。‎ ‎9．paints　考查时态。设空处所填词在句中作谓语，根据语境“中国梦”描绘了整个国家和民族复兴的更大远景指的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时，故填paints。‎ ‎10．a　考查冠词。根据语境“一个强大的国家是前提条件”可知，此处应用不定冠词a，表泛指。‎ 短文改错　(2018·南阳模拟)‎ Dear Ms Jenkins，‎ I'm Li Hua, a Senior 3 student from No. 5 Secondary School. I would like to offer my apology for unable to teach you to make Chinese knot this Saturday.‎ The reason is that I have got a cold, but the doctor suggests that I must lie in bed for one week or so. But don't worry. I had asked a friend of mine, Han Meimei, to go here instead. He is very experienced in making Chinese knots. She will drop on at your apartment at 9：00 this Saturday morning. Please allowing me to say sorry again. I have the confident that you can learn how to make Chinese knots. Wish you a good time!‎ Li Hua 答案与解析　‎ Dear Ms Jenkins，‎ I'm Li Hua, a Senior 3 student from No. 5 Secondary School. I would like to offer my apology for unable to teach you to make Chinese this Saturday.‎ The reason is that I have got a cold, the doctor suggests that I 或 lie in bed for one week or so. But don't worry. I asked a friend of mine, Han Meimei, to go instead. is very experienced in making Chinese knots. She will drop at your apartment at 9：00 this Saturday morning. Please me to say sorry again. I have the that you can learn how to make Chinese knots. Wish you a good time!‎ 9‎ Li Hua ‎①unable前加being　考查非谓语动词。介词后面接动名词作宾语，故此处需在形容词前面加系动词being。‎ ‎②knot→knots　考查名词的数。knot为可数名词，根据下文可知此处需要用名词复数knots。‎ ‎③but→and/so　考查连词。根据上下文意思，此处表示并列关系或因果关系，故此处用并列连词and或so。‎ ‎④去掉must或must→should　考查虚拟语气。suggest表示“建议”之意时其后的宾语从句谓语用动词原形或“should＋动词原形”。‎ ‎⑤had→have　考查动词时态。本文为现在时态，故此处需要将过去完成时had改为have，用现在完成时强调对现在的影响。‎ ‎⑥here→there　考查副词。根据句意应该是去your apartment，故此处用there指代。‎ ‎⑦He→She　考查代词。Han Meimei为女性，故此处用She指代。‎ ‎⑧on→in　考查动词短语。drop in at sp. 为固定的动词短语，意为“拜访某地”。‎ ‎⑨allowing→allow　考查祈使句。根据句中的Please可判断出本句为祈使句，故应用动词原形allow。‎ ‎⑩confident→confidence　考查名词。have the confidence that ...“相信……”。‎ 书面表达　(2018·保定质检)　体裁：应用文之通知 假设你是校学生会主席李华，新年到来之际，为了帮助学校留学生们更好地了解中国文化，学生会将举办一场新年联欢会。请用英语写一个通知，主要如下。‎ ‎1．时间：下周五晚6：00—8：00；‎ ‎2．地点：教学楼101室；‎ ‎3．内容：学习包饺子；比赛用筷子；中国校园歌曲串烧、观看武术表演等。‎ 注意：1.词数不少于100；‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 范文 Notice As New Year is around the corner, we are going to hold a New Year party. It intends to help the overseas students have a better understanding of Chinese culture.‎ During the party, the Chinese campus songs will be presented in the form of good mixture. You will have to compete with each other to see how skilled you are at using chopsticks. Meanwhile, you'll learn at the party how to make dumplings. Also you can enjoy Chinese martial arts (wushu) performance. The party is scheduled in Room 101 of the Teaching Building from 6：00 p．m. to 8：00 p．m. next Friday. Make sure 9‎ ‎ you won't miss it. All of you are welcome.‎ Student Union 9‎