中考定语从句讲解与专题训练

中考定语从句讲解与专题训练

专题训练：定语从句( The Attributive Clause).‎ 姓名_____________ 班级______________ 座号______________‎ 定语从句：在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句。‎ 被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句通常跟在先行词之后，由关系词（that, which, who, whom, whose等）引出，因此，定语从句有可称为关系分句。‎ Eg. The woman who is standing by the classroom is our English teacher.‎ ‎ 站在教室旁边的那个女人是我们的英语老师。‎ ‎ This is the room where Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房间。‎ 关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who 代替人 作用：1. 做主语 eg. The girl who plays the piano well is her daughter.‎ ‎ 那个弹钢琴的女孩是她的女儿。‎ ‎ 2. 作表语 eg. He is no longer the man who he used to be. ‎ ‎ 他不再是以前那个人了。‎ 2. whom 代替人 作用： 1. 动词宾语 eg. He is the very man whom I want to see.‎ ‎ 他正是我想要见的那个人。‎ ‎ 2. 介词宾语 eg. The man with whom she was traveling is her boyfriend. ‎ 跟她一起旅行的那个人是她的男朋友。‎ ‎3. whose 代替人或物 作用：从句中某名词的定语。‎ ‎ Eg. She is looking after the little child whose parents have gone to London. ‎ ‎ 她在照看其父母去了伦敦的那个小孩。‎ ‎ He lives in the room whose windows face south. ‎ ‎ 他住在窗户面朝南的那个房间。‎ 3. that 代替人或物 作用：‎ 1. 主语 ‎ eg. The man that is speaking at the meeting is a famous scientist. ‎ ‎ 在会上讲话的那个男人是一个著名的科学家。‎ ‎ The train that has just left is for Shanghai. ‎ 刚刚离开的火车是开往上海的。‎ 2. 宾语 ‎ eg. Is this the teacher that you talked about yesterday.‎ ‎ 这就是你昨天谈到的那位老师吗？‎ ‎ Is this the photo that you took last year?‎ ‎ 这是你去年照的照片吗？‎ 4. 表语 ‎ eg. She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood.‎ ‎ 她不再是她童年时代的那个女孩了。‎ ‎ My hometown is not a polluted place that you think it to be. ‎ ‎ 我的家乡不是像你认为的一个污染的地方。‎ ‎4. which 代替物 作用：‎ ‎1．主语 ‎ eg. The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. ‎ ‎ 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。‎ ‎2. 宾语 ‎ eg. The computer which I wanted to buy was sold out. ‎ ‎ 我想要买的那种电脑卖完了。‎ ‎3.表语 ‎ eg. She was fond of dancing, which her brother never was. ‎ ‎ 她喜欢跳舞，她弟弟从不喜欢。‎ 一些具体用法 1. 用who 代替whom 在从句中作宾语，主要用于口语。‎ 2. 在口语中，who，whom，which 在从句中作动词宾语时常常省去。‎ Eg. The boy ( whom ) I mentioned is his son. 我刚提到的那个男孩是他的儿子。‎ 3. 当关系代词紧跟介词，做介词宾语时，不可用that，只能用whom 或 which。但是当街次位于定语从句句末时，可用that，也可以省去。关系代词whom和which 作介词的宾语时，介词可以放在关系代词之前，也可以放在定语从句的动词之后。如果介词放在前，则whom和which 不可省，如果放在动词之后，则可以省去。固定词组的介词不能前置。‎ Eg. This is the house in which we lived last year. = This is the house (that where) we lived in last year. 这就是我们去年住的房子。‎ This is the person ( whom) you are looking for. 这就是不要找的那个人。‎ 4. 在下面几种情况下必须用that引导作定语从句。‎ 1. 先行词是不定代词，如：all, few, little, much, everything, nothing, anything, none等。‎ Eg. Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? ‎ 有什么你想要在商店买的吗？‎ 2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。‎ Eg. This is the best movie that I’ve ever seen. ‎ 这是我看到的最好的电影。‎ 3. 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。Eg. I have read all the books ( that ) you gave me. ‎ 我读了你给我的所有的书。‎ ‎ He is the only person that I want to talk to. ‎ 他就是我想要谈话的那个人。‎ ‎4. 当并列的先行词表示人和物时。‎ ‎ Eg. They are talking about things and persons that they remembered. ‎ ‎ 他们在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人和事。‎ ‎5. 在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复用that。‎ ‎ Eg. Who is the girl that is crying? ‎ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？‎ ‎ Which of the books that borrowed from the library is yours?‎ ‎ 从图书馆借的哪一本书是你的？‎ ‎ 6. 主句以there be 开头。‎ ‎ Eg. There is a seat in the corner that is still free. 在那个角落还有个作为空着。 ‎ 注：关系副词引导的定语从句和非限定性定语从句为自习内容。‎ 配套练习 一．用正确的关系代词填空。‎ 1. The man _______ father died in the accident is too sad to say a word.‎ 2. I love the book ________ you bought in the new bookstore yesterday.‎ 3. Jenny is the last foreign friend _______ I met in Beijing. ‎ 4. We’ve been to Shenzhen ________ is very near Hongkong. ‎ 5. I should do something ______ I enjoy.‎ 6. Have you ever seen the man _______ wears very strange?‎ 7. The stork was very different from other animals __________ the fox had met. ‎ 8. Canada‎ welcomes cultural differences in the people _______ live there. ‎ 9. But the food wasn’t the only thing ______ was strange. ‎ 10. Do you remember the man _______ served us at the restaurant that day？‎ 11. I want a job ______ pays a lot of money. ‎ 12. The young woman to _______ the man just spoke is our new teacher. ‎ 13. The animal with _______ the man walks is a lion.‎ 14. The old lady _______ we are looking for can’t see anything. ‎ 15. There are many visitors ________ are from foreign countries. ‎ 16. Ken just cares about things and people _____ are important to him.‎ 17. Yao Ming is the tallest Chinese basketball player _______ I’ve seen.‎ 18. I have nothing _______ you are fond of here.‎ 19. My teacher gave me a piece of advice ________ says I must work hard. ‎ 20. They don’t mind the girl ________ doesn’t have a good looking. ‎ 二．合并句子。‎ ‎1. Kate is a student. Her mother works in a hospital.‎ ‎__________________________________________________________.‎ ‎2. Amy’s brother is a footballer. We often see him on the playground.‎ ‎___________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎3. There is a woman. The woman’s friend is our neighbour. ‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎4. Have you seen the man? He drives a green car. ‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎5. Where is the baby? His parents work with me. ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎6. Do you know the man? His car was stolen. ‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎7. I feel sorry for the woman. She was sent to prison last week. ‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎8. There is an old desk. It has been used for many years. ‎ ‎___________________________________________________________.‎ ‎9. Have you been to Chinatown? It has many strange things. ‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎10. Some parents were on TV last week. They had lost their sons. ‎ ‎___________________________________________________________. ‎ 三．用定语从句补充下列各句。‎ ‎1. My father bought me a computer_____________________________. ‎ ‎2. Wang Li is a girl _______________________________________. ‎ ‎3. we choose friends _____________________________________. ‎ ‎4. people eat food _______________________________________.‎ ‎5. Owen is a man ______________________________________. ‎ ‎6. Do you know the guy __________________________________. ‎ ‎7. My mother is a woman ________________________________. ‎ ‎8. In the new bookstore, there are many books _________________. ‎ ‎9. I’m sorry for the young man _______________________________. ‎ ‎10. Have you heard of the man _______________________________. ‎ 四．用定语从句翻译下列各句子。‎ ‎1.那个穿黑裙子的女人是个商人。‎ ‎_________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎2.别为这么聪明的孩子担心了。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________. ‎ ‎3.和李教授谈话的那个人是谁？‎ ‎__________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎4. 你认识那个站在教室旁边的小孩吗？‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎5. 那个房子倒了的人是我的舅舅。 ‎ ‎__________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎6. 我不想和没有礼貌的人交谈。‎ ‎________________________________________________________ .‎ ‎7. 你能借我那本你花20块钱买的书吗？‎ ‎__________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎8. 她是一个非常需要帮忙的老人。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎9. 他们都是死在全世界都知道的那场事故中的。 ‎ ‎___________________________________________________________. ‎ ‎10. 全世界的人都在2008年来参加在北京举行的奥运会。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________. ‎