中考英语动词考点归纳与例析

中考英语动词考点归纳与例析

中考英语动词考点归纳与例析 ‎【重点讲解】‎ 动词是构成英语句子的核心，用来表示动作和状态。和名词一样，动词也有人称和数的变化，用作谓语时必须与主语在人称及数上保持一致。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为行为动词（也称实义动词）（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）等四类。本文主要就各类动词的基本用法进行归纳和通过练习进行讲解，不包括动词的时态、语态以及动词非谓语形式的具体用法。‎ ‎1．行为动词使用要点。‎ 行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。接宾语的动词叫做及物动词。有的动词只能接一个宾语（如：We study Ennglish.）；有的要接两个宾语（双宾语）（如：He teaches me English.）；有的要接宾语和宾语补足语（复合宾语）（如：Tom gave me a pencil.）。有些动词既可以可用作及物动词，也可以可用作不及物动词。不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不需要接宾语，不及物动词没有被动语态形式。‎ 另外，按其动作发生的方式、过程的时间长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：know, have, learn, work, stand, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如begin, finish, open, close, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, buy, borrow等。‎ ‎2. 连系动词使用要点。‎ 连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，和表语一起构成复合谓语。系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。常见的连系动词有be，keep，remain，stay，lie，stand, seem，appear，look，feel，smell，sound，taste，become，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，run等。‎ ‎3、助动词使用要点。‎ 助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完整，它只是帮助主要动词构成为谓语，表示疑问、否定、时态、语态等。‎ ‎4、情态动词使用要点。‎ 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，如需要、可能、愿意、怀疑等。情态动词本身具有一定的词义，但不不完全，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词的原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。‎ ‎【中考链接】‎ ‎1. --- Can you ________ your camera to me?‎ ‎ --- Sorry. I ________ it at home.‎ ‎ A. borrow, left B. borrow, forget C. lene, forgot D. lend, left ‎ ‎ 答案：A。[解析] ‎ 本题考查四个动词的用法。borrow意为向别人“借入”，lend意为将自己东西“借出”，forget 意为“忘记”，leave 意为“留下”。根据句意选A。‎ ‎2. --- Can I go fishing with you, Dad?‎ ‎ --- No, you ________. You ________ stay at home and do your homework first.‎ ‎ A. won’t, may B. can’t, must ‎ C. shouldn’t, ought D. needn’t, should ‎ 答案：B。[解析] 问句是说“可以去钓鱼吗？”从答句结尾可知，父亲是叫孩子呆在家里做作业，所以否定回答应为No, you can’t。‎ ‎3. Amy, I’ll be on holiday for a week. Could you help me ________ my dog?‎ A. look for B. look at C. look after D. look over ‎ 答案：C。[解析] 本题考查几个短语动词的用法。look for意为“寻找”，look at意为“看”， look after意为“照料”，look over意为“查看”。根据句意选C。‎ ‎4. After they passed their exams, they ________ by having a party.‎ A. succeeded B. celebrated ‎ ‎ C. prepared D. received ‎ ‎ 答案：B。[解析] susceed意为“成功”，celebrate意为“庆祝”，prepare意为“准备”，receive意为“收到”。“by + 动名词”表示“通过什么方式”。根据句意选B。‎ ‎5 --- When ________ your mother ________ you that blue dress Mary？‎ ‎--- Sorry, I realy can’t remember.　　　‎ A. does；buy B. has；bought C. had；bought D. did；buy ‎ ‎5. 答案：D。[解析] 本题的考点是动词时态。四个选项分别为动词buy的四种不同时态形式。不难看出，问句是问“衣服是什么时候买的”，要用一般过去时，故选D。‎ ‎6. Look, there ________ a cat and a dog fighting under the tree.‎ ‎ A. are B. is C. have D. has ‎ 答案：A。[解析] 本句是“there + be”句型 ，There不可以与 have或 has连用，因而排除C和D。句子的主语是a cat and a dog，是两个动物，属于复数，所以选A。‎ ‎7. — Will you make ________ for the old lady?‎ ‎— Sure. Just ________ my seat. ‎ A. room; take B. a room; live C. room; sit D. rooms; sit ‎ 答案：A。[解析]从答句中的“my seat”判断，这个对话的内容与让座位有关。Sit是不及物动词，live不可以和seat连用，因此第二空只能填take。“room”做“空间，地方”解时是不可数名词。故选A。‎ ‎8. --- Would you like____ some coffee? ‎ ‎--- No, thanks. I ______some. ‎ A. have, already have B. had, just had C. having, have yet had D. to have, have already had ‎ 答案：D。[解析] would like 后要接to + 动词原形，所以第一空填 to have；第二空填“have already had”，意为“我已经吃过了”。‎ ‎9. --- This dish tastes ______. ‎ ‎---Thank you . It ______by Mr Smith. ）‎ A. good, was cooked B. well, cooks C.bad , is cooked D. terrible, cooked 答案：A。[解析]第一空前的动词taste 为连系动词，其后要接形容词。从答句“Thank you”可以想到 “菜尝起来味道好”，别人才说“谢谢”。因此第一空要填good。另外，菜是被做出来的，所以第二空填 was cooked 。 ‎ ‎10. --- Have you _____your ticket yet? ‎ ‎--- No, I’m still ______it. ‎ A. found, finding B. looked for, looking for ‎ C. found, looking for D.looked for, finding 答案：C。[解析]该题考查find与look for的区别，find意为“找到”，look for意为“寻找”。所以选C。第一空要填found，第二空填looking for。‎ ‎11. --- What _____your father doing at eight yesterday evening, Sandy?‎ ‎ --- Let me see…Oh, he was_____ a newspaper. ‎ A.was, reading B.were, watching C. was, looking D. were, seeing 答案：A。[解析] 问句的主语 your father 是第三人称单数， 可以排除B和D。 看报纸要用read而不用look。所以选A。‎ ‎12. --- Why are you late? ‎ ‎ --- My bike broke down. I had it _______.‎ A. repaired B. repairs C. repair D. repairing 答案：A。[解析] have something done 的意思是“要某人做了某事”，答句的意思是“我的自行车坏了，我叫人修好了。”repaired是过去分词，在句中作宾语补语。‎ ‎13. --- I saw Susan ________ a greet dress at the party.‎ ‎--- I think she looks better ________ red.‎ A. wears, in B. wearing, in ‎ C. put on, wearing D. wear, putting ‎ 答案：B。[解析]wear表状态，put on表动作，另外，第二空只能填 in，故选B。‎ ‎14. I’m afraid it’ll ____you much time to work out the problem. ‎ A. spend B. use C. need D. take ‎ 答案：D。[解析]表示“花时间做某事”，用it做形式主语时，谓语动词要用take。故选D。‎ ‎【习题精炼】‎ ‎1. --- What a nice bike! How long have you _____it ?‎ ‎--- Half a year. ‎ A. bought B. received C. taken D. had ‎2. The old man _____ for three years.‎ A. was dead B. was died C. has been dead D. has died ‎3. I’ll call you if Mr. Li _____ Shenzhen.‎ A. gets to B. arrives C. reaches to D. arrive in ‎4. Don't worry. I'v already _______ the doctor.‎ ‎ A. waited for B. sent for C. passed on D. turned on ‎ ‎5. The young man _______ the old lady _______ her money in the corner of the street.‎ A. robbed, from B. robbed, of C. stole, from D. stole, of ‎ ‎6. He ________ her to go with him, but he failed.‎ ‎ A. persuaded B. has persuaded ‎ C. tried to persuade D. tries to persuade ‎7. Alexander Bell ________ the telephone in 1876 and Clumbers ________ America in 1492.‎ A. invented, invented B. discovered, invented C. invented, discovered D. discovered, discovered ‎ ‎8. The music ______ .‎ A. sounds wonderful B. is sounding wonderful C. is sounded wonderful D. sounds wonderfully ‎9. Please ________the radio a bit. The baby is sleeping.‎ ‎ A. turn on B. turn off C . turn up D. turn down ‎ ‎10. Kate suddenly _______ and hurt herself when she was skating on the ice.‎ A. fell over B. fell off C. fell into D. fell behind ‎11. --- I have never seen this yellow bike. Whose is it?‎ ‎--- It _____ belong to Mike. I saw him riding a yellow bike this morning.‎ A. can B. should C. would D. must ‎12. --- ______ I watch TV now, Mum?‎ ‎--- No, you ______ finish your homework first.‎ A. Must; needn’t B. Can; may C. May; must D. May; mustn’t ‎13. --- May I speak to Mr. Smith, please? ‎ ‎ --- ______, please. I call him for you.‎ A. Hold back B. Hold on C. Hang up D. Speak ‎【答案详解】‎ ‎1. 答案：D。[解析] 该题考查终止性的动词与延续性的动词的区别。How long 是一个表示一段时间的短语，要与延续性动词连用，A 、B 和C 三个选项都是终止性的动词，故选D。‎ ‎2. 答案：C。[解析] 含有 “for +时间段” 或 “since +时间点/ 从句” 的现在完成时的句子中，谓语动词要用延续性动词，或是“be + 表示状态的形容词”来表示。如be dead，be over, be here等。‎ ‎3. 答案：A。[解析] get to + 地点，arrive at/ in + 地点，reach + 地点, 都表示到达某地。要注意的是只有reach是及物动词可直接接地点，其他两个是不及物动词，接地点时要与介词连用。‎ ‎4. 答案：B。[解析] wait for 意为“等待……” ，sent for 意为“派人去请……”，pass on 意为“传递……”，turn on 意为“开……”。 根据句意，选B。‎ ‎5. 答案：B。[解析] 本题考查动词和介词的习惯搭配用法。“rob sb. of sth.”表示“抢某人的东西”，“stole sth. From somewhere”表示“从某处偷东西”。故选B。‎ ‎6. 答案：C。[解析] persuad的意思是“说服了（某人）”。从句末的“he failed”可知“劝说”没有成功。所以选C。全句意思为“他企图劝说她跟他走，但他失败了。”‎ ‎7. 答案：C。[解析] invent的意思是“发明”，discover的意思是“发现”。故选 C。‎ ‎8. 答案：A。[解析] “sound” (听起来)是用作连系动词，后面只能接形容词，不能用进行时态，更不能用被动语态。类似的连系动词有： smell (闻起来) ，taste (尝起来) ，look (看起来) ，feel (摸起来)等。‎ ‎9. 答案：D。[解析] turn on 意为“开”，turn off 意为“关”，turn up 意为“（把音量）开大”，turn down意为“（把音量）关小”。根据第二个句子"The baby is sleeping（小孩正在睡觉）”的意思判断，可排除 A和 C。又因不可说 turn off …a bit，排除B而选 D 。‎ ‎10. 答案：A。[解析] fall off （从……掉/落下）和fall into（掉进）均需接宾语， fall behind（落后）不合题意。fall over 意为“（向前）摔倒”，故选 A。‎ ‎11. 答案：D。[解析] 根据语境的分析，此处要用表示肯定的推测的情态动动词must。‎ ‎12. 答案：C。[解析] 本题是考查常见的情态动词may, can, must的用法。May开头的疑问句肯定回答时用Yes, please; Certainly; Sure等，在否定回答时用Please don’t; No, you can’t; No, you mustn’t; I’m afraid you can’t. 等，以勉显得语气太严肃或不太客气。另外must表示“必须”, 这个对话的意思是“妈妈，我可不可以看电视吗？”“不行，你必须先完成作业”。所以选C。‎ ‎13. 答案：B。[解析] 本题考查电话用语。此处hold on表示“不要挂断电话”。‎