鲁教五四制初二英语知识点

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鲁教五四制初二英语知识点

Unit 1 What does he look like?‎ ‎1.词汇篇:‎ short hair            long hair curly hair           straight hair tall                 short medium height           medium build thin                heavy ‎2.What does he look like?‎ ‎[译文]他长得什么样儿?‎ 回答这个句子要说所问人的身高,胖瘦,头发、皮肤、眼睛的颜色等。‎ e.g.—What does he look like?‎ 他长什么样?‎ ‎—He has brown hair and wears glasses.‎ 他长着棕色的头发,戴眼镜。‎ look like…表示“看起来像……”。通常在后面接名词或代词。‎ e.g.He looks like his father. ‎ 他看起来像他的父亲。‎ 辨析:look like与look the same ‎(1)look like…“看起来像……”,相当于be like,此处like是介词,后面通常接名词或代词。‎ e.g.A looks like B.‎ ‎=A is like B.‎ A看起来像B。‎ ‎(2)look the same“看起来很像,看着一样”,其后不跟名词或代词。‎ e.g.A and B look the same. ‎ A和B看起来很像。‎ ‎—Who does she look like?‎ 她看起来像谁?‎ ‎—She looks like her mother. ‎ 她看起来像她的妈妈。‎ ‎—What does she look like?‎ ‎=What is she like?‎ 她长什么样?‎ ‎—She is tall. /She has two big eyes and a small mouth.‎ 她个子高。/她长着两只大眼睛和一张小嘴。‎ The two books look the same. ‎ 这两本书看起来一样。‎ ‎3.Well, he has brown hair and wears glasses.‎ ‎[译文]他长着棕色的头发,戴眼镜。‎ 在英语中,描述颜色的词语也有很多,常见的有以下几种:‎ 注意:描述颜色的词修饰名词时要放在名词前。‎ e.g.blond hair 金黄色的头发 blue eyes 蓝色的眼睛 You have black hair, and she has red hair.‎ 你长着黑头发,她长着红头发。‎ ‎4.Is he short or tall?‎ ‎[译文]他矮还是高?‎ 这是一个由or连接的选择疑问句。由or构成的选择疑问句,其结构是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句加选择部分,选择部分用or连接,回答时不用Yes或No,而是直接选择。‎ e.g.—Do you want to play basketball or soccer?‎ 你是想打篮球还是踢足球?‎ ‎—I want to play soccer.‎ 我想踢足球。‎ ‎—Does Sally have long or short hair?‎ Sally有长头发还是短头发?‎ ‎—She has long hair.‎ 她有长头发。‎ ‎5.He’s of medium height.‎ ‎[译文]他中等身高。‎ be of medium height 中等身高 be of medium build 中等身材 be of medium height and build 具有中等身高和体型 e.g.She has short hair and she is of medium height and build.‎ 她头发很短,中等身高和体型。‎ 注意:用be动词描述人的体重、身高;用have/has描述人的头发。‎ ‎6.Many people don’t always see things the same way so they may describe the same person differently.‎ ‎[译文]人们并非总是以同样的方式看待事物,所以他们会将同一个人描述地不一样。‎ ‎(1)same和different是一对反义词,前者表示“相同的;同样的”,后者表示“不同的;有区别的”。‎ same作为形容词时往往用在名词之前,且之前往往有定冠词the。‎ e.g.the same way 相同的方法;同样的路子;同样的方式 the same person 同一个人;同样的人 ‎(2)differently是different的副词形式,在句中修饰动词,表示“不同地;有区别地”。‎ ‎(3)people和person people表示“人;人们”,为复数名词;person为单个的人,有复数形式。‎ e.g.two persons 两个人 He’s a very nice person.‎ 他是一个非常不错的人。‎ There are a lot of people in the park on the weekend.‎ 周末公园里有很多人。‎ ‎(4)describe v. 描述;形容 ‎ e.g.Words can’t describe the beauty of the scene.‎ 那景色之美难以言传。 ‎ Describe to me how you were received.‎ 跟我说说接待你的情况。 ‎ description n. 描述;形容 ‎ e.g. He’s not very good at description.‎ 他不大擅长描写叙述。 ‎ Can you give me a description of the thief? ‎ 你能给我形容一下那个窃贼的模样吗? ‎ ‎7.Also, they don’t always remember well.‎ ‎[译文]而且,他们并不总是记得牢靠。‎ 当also用于句首时,其后往往有逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。这时,also用于修饰整个句子,相当于汉语中的“同时;还;而且”。‎ e.g.Mr. Feng’s class is interesting. Also, he makes it easy to understand.‎ 冯老师的课很有趣。同时,他还把课讲得简单易懂。‎ also也常表示“也”,往往位于句中be动词之后,行为动词之前。‎ e.g.My father can speak English. He can also speak French.‎ 我爸爸会说英语,他也会讲法语。‎ Jane’s brother is twelve. Her sister is also twelve. They are twins.‎ 简的哥哥十二岁,她姐姐也是十二岁。他们是双胞胎。‎ ‎8.Another woman says, “He is tall and thin, and he has curly blond hair. He’s about thirty years old.”‎ ‎[译文]另一位妇女说:“他很高很瘦,有着棕色的卷发,他大概三十岁左右。“‎ another表示“(三者或三者以上)又一,另一”。‎ e.g.Would you like another piece of bread?‎ 你想再要一片面包吗?‎ I want another book.‎ 我想再要一本书。‎ 辨析:another, the other与others 三者均可表示“另外,其他的”,其区别在于:‎ ‎(1)another和the other均可表示“另一个”,但是前者指同类人或事物不定数目中的另一个,后者指两个人或事物中的另一个。‎ e.g.Look at the difficulty in another way.‎ 从另一个角度看待困难。‎ I have two dogs. One is black and the other is white.‎ 我有两只狗,一只是黑的,另一只是白的。‎ ‎(2)another只有单数形式,other则有单复数两种形式。‎ e.g.You will never see such another.‎ 那样的人你可能再也看不到了。‎ Some people came by car. Others came on foot.‎ 有些人坐汽车来,其他人走着来。‎ ‎9.In the end, the real criminal is a short and heavy old man, and he has short black hair!‎ ‎[译文]最后,真正的罪犯是一个矮胖的上了年纪的男人,并且长的是黑色的短发。‎ in the end 最后;终于 e.g.I was saved in the end.‎ 我最后获救了。‎ 辨析:in the end和at the end of ‎(1)in the end“最后,最终”,与at last/finally同义。‎ e.g.He succeeded in the end.‎ 他最后成功了。‎ ‎(2)at the end of“在……末/终点”,指时间和位置。‎ e.g.At the end of the road you can see the hospital.‎ 在这条路的终点你可以看到那家医院。 ‎ The sports meeting will be held at the end of this month.‎ 运动会将在这个月的月底举行。‎ Unit 2 I’d like some noodles.‎ ‎2.What would you like?‎ ‎[译文]你想要什么?‎ would like为动词短语,意为“想要,愿意”,相当于want,但比want语气委婉,没有人称和单复数的变化,would可以和主语缩写成“’d”的形式。 ‎ 它比较固定的搭配有三种: ‎ ‎(1)would like sth. 跟名词或代词作宾语表示想要某物。 ‎ e.g.I’d / I would like some noodles.‎ 我要些面条。 ‎ ‎(2)would like to do sth. 想干某事 ‎ e.g.He’d / He would like to talk with you.‎ 他想和你谈谈。 ‎ What would people like to eat on their birthday? ‎ 人们在生日的时候想吃什么? ‎ ‎(3)would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人干某事 ‎ e.g.They’d / They would like me to stay here.‎ 他们要我留下来。 ‎ ‎3.Yes, there are some tomatoes.‎ ‎[译文]是的,里面有些西红柿。‎ 以o结尾的名词复数有的要加-es,有的要加s,同学们不妨记住下面两句话:‎ ‎(1)小马虎弹着钢琴(piano)听着收音机(radio),又到动物园(zoo)照了张相(photo),但考试得3个大鸡蛋(零分 zero),一律加s。 ‎ ‎(2)黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato),全部加es。 ‎ ‎4.May I take your order?‎ ‎[译文]请问可以点餐吗?‎ order这里用作名词,表示“点菜,叫菜”。‎ take one’s order点餐,点菜 此外,order可以用作动词,表示“叫……点……”。‎ e.g.Are you ready to order yet, madam?‎ 太太,你可以点菜吗?‎ ‎5.What size would you like?‎ ‎[译文]你要多大碗的?‎ size为名词,意思是“尺寸、尺码、大小”。既可以表示物体的大小,又可以用来表示服装、鞋帽等的尺码、号码等。常以large,简写为L(XL超大号的),medium简写为M(中号的),small简写为S(小号的)来表示。 ‎ e.g.What size shoes do you wear? ‎ 你穿多大的鞋? ‎ I wear size 7.‎ 我穿七号的。 ‎ ‎6.If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true.‎ ‎[译文]如果他(她)一口气把蜡烛全部吹灭的话,许的愿望便会成真。‎ ‎(1)or是连词,意为“和”,用于否定句。 ‎ e.g.I don’t like onions, green tea or porridge. ‎ 我不喜欢洋葱、绿茶和粥。 ‎ or还可用作来表示选择,意为“或者,否则”等。 ‎ e.g.Is it red or black? ‎ 是红的还是黑的? ‎ Be quick, or you’ll be late.‎ 快点,否则你就要迟到了。 ‎ 在否定句中,如果所连的两个词前后都有否定词时,则用and,而不用or来连接。 ‎ e.g.It has no arms and no legs.= It has no arms or legs.‎ 它没有胳膊,也没有腿。 ‎ ‎(2)in one go相当于汉语中的“同一次”,“一次性地”,其中的介词还可以用at,即at one go。‎ e.g.You can’t do the work all in one go.‎ 你不可能一次把工作都干完。‎ ‎(3)come true表示愿望、梦想等的“实现”或“成为现实”。‎ e.g.Make a wish, and it can really come true.‎ 许个愿,它一定会实现的。‎ Keep on working and your dream will come true.‎ 不断干下去,你的梦想会实现的。‎ ‎7.All of these birthday foods may be different, but the ideas are the same.‎ ‎[译文]虽然所有这些生日食品可能会有所不同,但是想法都是一样的。‎ ‎(1)food表示“食物”时,一般为不可数名词。‎ e.g.baby food 婴儿食品 cat food  猫粮 当food用作可数名词时,表示“某类食品”。此处birthday foods表示“各种各样的生日食品”。‎ e.g.Doctors always say eating fatty foods is an unhealthy habit.‎ 大夫们总是会说吃各种油腻食品是一个不健康的习惯。‎ ‎(2)情态动词may表示“可能;也许”。‎ e.g.He may come, or he may not.‎ 他或许来,或许不来。‎ I may be late, so don’t wait for me.‎ 我可能会迟到,所以别等我。‎ ‎8.可数名词与不可数名词用法对比 英语中的名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。不可数名词指无法用数量表示的名词,下面将把它们的用法列表进行对比。‎ ‎(1)可数名词 ‎① 有单数和复数两种形式。如:a book,two books;a bus,three buses。‎ ‎② 可以直接用不定冠词a /an或数词来修饰。如:a cake,an apple,four boys。‎ ‎③ 可以用some,any,few(少),a few(几个),many,a lot of来修饰复数名词。如:some girls,a few friends,many pears。‎ ‎④ 用how many来询问数量的多少。‎ e.g.How many people are there in your family?‎ ‎⑤ 单个的单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;多个单数名词或复数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。‎ e.g.Jim comes from England. ‎ Lily and Lucy are twins. ‎ The students are reading English books.‎ ‎(2)不可数名词 ‎① 只有单数形式。如:bread,tea,water,juice,milk。‎ ‎② 不能用不定冠词或数词直接修饰。如:a rice(×),a juice(×),three water(×)。‎ ‎③ 可以用some,any,little(少),a little(一点),much,a lot of来修饰不可数名词。如:some milk,a little tea,a lot of food。‎ ‎④ 用how much来询问数量的多少。‎ e.g.How much milk is there in the bottle?‎ ‎⑤ 不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,但是,当不可数名词前面有复数名词短语修饰时,谓语动词就要用复数。‎ e.g.There is some water in the glass. ‎ There are three bottles of water on the table. ‎ ‎9.order、drink的用法及词的兼类现象 ‎ 本单元中出现的这两个词既可以用作动词,又可以用名词。如: ‎ order:①v.定货,预定   ②n.订单 ‎ drink:①v.喝       ②n.饮料 ‎ 英语中把词的这种用法称为词的兼类现象,大致有如下几种情况: ‎ ‎(1)名词和动词兼类。 ‎ e.g.Give me a cold drink, please.‎ 请给我一杯冷饮。(名词) ‎ Please don’t drink tea in class.‎ 请不要在课堂上喝茶。(动词) ‎ ‎(2)名词和形容词兼类。 ‎ e.g.He teaches us English. (名词) ‎ 他教我们英语。 ‎ He’s an English boy. (形容词) ‎ 他是一个英国男孩子。 ‎ ‎(3)形容词和代词兼类。 ‎ e.g.I can see some flowers.‎ 我能看见一些花。(形容词) ‎ Some of us are good at boating.‎ 我们中的一些人擅长划船。(代词) ‎ ‎(4)形容词和动词兼类。 ‎ e.g.The windows are open.‎ 窗户是开着的。(形容词) ‎ Please open the door.‎ 请开门。(动词) ‎ ‎(5)形容词和副词兼类。 ‎ e.g.I want to take an early bus.‎ 我想乘早班车。(形容词) ‎ The shop closes early on Fridays.‎ 商店星期五关门早。(副词) ‎ ‎(6)副词与介词兼类。 ‎ e.g.Come in, please.‎ 请进来。(副词) ‎ What’s that in English? ‎ 那个用英语怎么说?(介词) ‎ ‎(7)名词与副词兼类。 ‎ e.g.Is he at home? ‎ 他在家吗?(名词) ‎ Let’s go home early.‎ 咱们早点回家。(副词) ‎ ‎(8)动词和介词兼类。 ‎ e.g.Do you like swimming? ‎ 你喜欢游泳吗?(动词) ‎ Don’t say it like that.‎ 别像那样说。(介词) ‎ Unit 3 How was your school trip?‎ ‎2.I saw quite a lot.‎ ‎[译文]我看过很多。‎ 这个句子说的是过去的事情,因此用的是一般过去时,谓语动词使用过去式形式。‎ 一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性的,也可能是经常性的。‎ e.g.We often went to Wangfujing street last year. ‎ 去年我们经常去王府井大街。‎ Did you have a nice trip? ‎ 你旅行愉快吗?‎ We saw some farms and villages along the way.‎ 一路上我们看见了一些农场和村庄。‎ ‎(1)一般过去时有下面三种用法:‎ ‎① 表示过去的动作或状态:‎ e.g.I bought the hat yesterday. ‎ 昨天我买了这顶帽子。‎ He was at school last Monday. ‎ 上星期一他在上学。‎ ‎② 表示过去的习惯动作:‎ e.g.When he was at school, he wrote a diary every day. ‎ 他上学时,每天写一篇日记。‎ I used to get up early. ‎ 我以前习惯早起。‎ ‎[注意]“used to+动词原形”表示过去某一段时间内有规律的习惯。‎ ‎③ 表示过去发生的一连串的动作:‎ e.g.The students got up early in the morning, did their morning exercise, fetched water, swept the floor and then studied English.‎ 学生们一早起来,做早操、打水、扫地,然后学英语。‎ ‎(2)用于一般过去时的时间状语有哪些?‎ 用于一般过去时的时间状语有:yesterday, the day before yesterday(前天),just now(刚才),last night(week, Sunday, month, year), at that time(moment), then(那时),a few days(weeks, months, years)ago等。‎ ‎(3)一般过去式的构成:规则变法和不规则变法 规则动词的变化规则:直去双改 ‎①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如:wanted, played。‎ ‎②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ed。如:hoped, lived。‎ ‎③以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如:stopped。‎ ‎④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词改y为i,再加-ed。如:studied, worried。‎ 规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住:清后[t],元浊[d],[t][d]之后读。‎ ‎①清辅音等后,ed要读[t]。如:worked, finished。‎ ‎②元音或浊辅音[b][g][v][z][m]等后,ed要读[d]。如:lived, called。‎ ‎③[t]或[d]后,ed读。如:started, needed。‎ 不规则动词变化,要逐一熟记。be动词过去式有两种形式,主语是第一、三人称单数形式使用was,其他人称用were。‎ ‎(4)一般过去时的句子构成形式:‎ ‎① be动词过去式的句式。否定句是在was /were后面加not, was not(wasn’t) /were not(weren’t)。一般疑问句是把was/were提前并放到句首,要求首字母要大写。‎ e.g.—Were the strawberries good?‎ 草莓好吗?‎ ‎—Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.‎ 是的,很好。/不,不太好。‎ ‎② 实义动词过去式的句式。‎ 肯定式:主语+动词过去式+其它。‎ e.g.They had a good time yesterday.‎ 否定式:主语+did not(didn’t)+动词原形+其它。 ‎ e.g.They didn’t watch TV last night.‎ 一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?‎ 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+did.‎ 否定回答:No, 主语+didn’t.‎ e.g.Did they have a meeting two days ago?‎ Yes, they did. /No, they didn’t.‎ 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?‎ e.g.What did you do last night? ‎ 昨天晚上你做了什么?‎ Where did he go last Sunday? ‎ 上个星期天他去哪儿了?‎ ‎3.Did Carol take any photos?‎ ‎[译文]卡罗尔照相了吗?‎ 这个句子是以did开头的一般过去时的一般疑问句形式,注意在一般疑问句中,助动词did已经是过去式了,后面的谓语动词要还原成原形。‎ e.g.Did you ride a horse?‎ 你骑马了吗?‎ Did you see any cows?‎ 你看过奶牛吗?‎ take与photo, picture等词搭配时,表示“拍摄;摄影”。表示“拍摄某物或某人”,则要在短语后面接介词of引入所拍摄的对象。‎ e.g.Where’s your camera? Let me take a picture of that house. It’s so beautiful.‎ 你的相机在哪儿?让我给那栋房子照张相,它太漂亮了。‎ That girl likes to take photos of herself with her cell phone.‎ 那个女孩子喜欢用手机自拍。‎ ‎4.How was your trip last week?‎ ‎[译文]上周你的旅行怎么样?‎ 当我们问对方某件事情感觉怎么样时,就用how引导的这个问句来提问。如果这件事情已经过去了,就要用过去时,比如这里的was。‎ e.g.—How was the weather there? ‎ 那儿天气怎样?‎ ‎—It was very sunny. ‎ 非常晴朗。‎ ‎—How was the food there? ‎ 那儿的食物如何?‎ ‎—Oh, it’s too delicious. ‎ 噢,太美味了。‎ ‎5.It was so much fun.‎ ‎[译文]那真是蛮好玩的。(文中指钓鱼、喂鸡挺有意思的)‎ fun表示“有趣的事情”,为不可数名词用法。‎ e.g.Look, Peter. The children are having so much fun.‎ 彼得,你瞧。孩子们玩得多么开心。‎ ‎6.Lucky you!‎ ‎[译文]你真幸运!‎ 这是一句非正式口语,相当于You’re so lucky.‎ lucky之后的人称还可改为me, him等。‎ e.g.—There was no power at school last night. It was so dark.‎ 昨天晚上学校停电了,漆黑一片。‎ ‎—Lucky me! I was not there.‎ 我多幸运呀,我不在那里。‎ lucky的副词形式是luckily。‎ ‎7.We visited the science museum and it was really interesting.‎ ‎[译文]我们参观了科学博物馆,真的很有趣。‎ 本单元中出现了很多形容词,用来描述对某一件事情的看法。‎ difficult    lovely      slow     exciting boring      cool       hot     lucky large      expensive    terrible   delicious great      cheap      fast      interesting ‎8.Then the guide taught us how to make a model robot.‎ ‎[译文]然后向导教我们如何制作模型机器人。‎ taught是teach的过去式形式,为不规则变法。这个句子中的how to make a model robot是特殊疑问词加不定式充当taught的宾语,类似的句子还有:‎ e.g.I don’t know what to do.‎ 我不知道做什么?‎ ‎9.All in all, it was an exciting day.‎ ‎[译文]总之,这是令人兴奋的一天。‎ all in all相当于汉语中的“总的说来;总之;整体上说”,用来对所阐述的内容进行概括性总结及归纳。‎ e.g.All in all, I think you did a good job.‎ 总的说来,我认为你干得很好。‎ ‎10.I didn’t like the trip at all.‎ ‎[译文]我一点都不喜欢这次行程。‎ not at all/not…at all相当于“根本不;完全不”。‎ e.g.I don’t like mutton at all.‎ 这羊肉我一点都不喜欢。‎ She’s not at all good at badminton.‎ 她完全不擅长打羽毛球。 ‎ Unit 4 What did you do last weekend?‎ ‎1.词汇篇:‎ do my homework—did my homework ‎ go to the cinema—went to the cinema go boating—went boating ‎ camp by the lake—camped by the lake go to the beach—went to the beach ‎ play badminton—played badminton ‎ sing and play the guitar—sang and played the guitar ‎ go to the library—went to the library swim in a swimming pool—swam in a swimming pool ‎ study for a test—studied for a test ‎ have dinner with friends—had dinner with friends ‎ fly a kite—flew a kite sit under the moon—sat under the moon ‎ tell teach other stories—told each other stories go to sleep—went to sleep ‎2.What did you do last weekend, Lucy?‎ 露西,上周末你做了什么?‎ 这个句子是谓语动词是实义动词的一般过去时的特殊疑问句用法。特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?‎ e.g.What did you do last night? ‎ 昨天晚上你做了什么?‎ Where did he go last Sunday? ‎ 上个星期天他去哪儿了?‎ Who did she go with?‎ 她和谁一起去的?‎ 注意:‎ ‎(1)当特殊疑问词是充当主语时,则不需要使用助动词did,直接用特殊疑问词加动词的过去式来表达就可以了。‎ e.g.Who visited her grandma?‎ 谁拜访了她的奶奶?‎ ‎(2)当句子的谓语动词是be动词was/were时,特殊疑问句的结构为“特殊疑问词 + was/were +其它?”‎ e.g.How was your weekend?‎ 你周末过得如何?‎ How was the weather in Beijing?‎ 那时候北京天气如何?‎ ‎3.How interesting!‎ ‎[译文]多么有趣啊!‎ 这是个感叹句。在英语中,感叹句有两种,what引导的感叹句和how引导的感叹句。这里我们先学习最简单的“How + 形容词或副词 + 感叹号(!)”的感叹句,表示“多么……!”‎ e.g.Look at that bird. How beautiful!‎ 看那只鸟,多么漂亮啊!‎ Some two hours ago we left Wuhan, but now we’re in Taiyuan. How fast!‎ 差不多两个小时前我们才离开武汉,可现在我们在太原了!多快啊!‎ ‎4.Yeah, it was good, but I’m kind of tired now. I stayed up late to watch the soccer game.‎ ‎[译文]是的,很棒,但是我现在稍微有点儿困了。我熬夜看足球赛了。‎ kind of为固定搭配,表示“稍微,有点儿,有几分”。‎ e.g.I’m kind of interested.‎ 我有点儿感兴趣。‎ It seems kind of ridiculous.‎ 看上去有点怪怪的。‎ stay up late 深夜不睡,熬夜 e.g.Don’t stay up late every day. It’s bad for your health.‎ 不要每天熬夜。对你的身体不好。‎ ‎5.Father Mouse shouted at the cat, “Woof, woof!”‎ ‎[译文]老鼠爸爸冲着猫大声吼叫:“汪汪,汪汪!”‎ ‎(1)woof是一个象声词,表示狗的叫声。再比如cluck, oink, quack, moo, meow等。‎ ‎(2)shout at sb.和shout to sb.的区别。‎ shout to sb.意为“向某人喊话,向某人大声叫喊”,目的是让别人听见。 ‎ e.g.The policeman shouted to the driver,“Stop”.‎ 警察向司机大声喊“停车”。‎ shout at sb.意为“冲某人大声吼叫,嚷嚷(有叫骂的含义)”。 ‎ e.g.The woman shouted at the man angrily.‎ 那位妇女生气地向那位男士喊着。‎ ‎6.Well, son, that’s why it’s important to learn a second language.‎ ‎[译文]所以嘛,儿子,这就是为什么学习外语重要啦。‎ ‎…it was important not to go near a snake, … 重要的是不要靠近蛇。‎ It is + 形容词+ to do sth.是英语中一个重要的形容词句型,十分常见。能够这样用的形容词除important外,我们学过的还有easy, difficult等,表示“做某事是重要、容易、困难的”等等。‎ e.g.It’s easy to run, but it’s not so easy to be the first.‎ 跑步很容易的,但要当第一名却不那么容易。‎ It’s difficult for me to study math.‎ 对我来说,学习数学好难啊。‎ ‎7.As a special gift, our parents took us to India.‎ ‎[译文]作为一份特殊的礼物,我爸妈带着我们去了印度。‎ ‎(1)此处介词as表示“作为……;当作……”,其后可以接职业、用途、特点等。用在句首时,这种短语的后面往往有逗号与语句的主体隔开。‎ e.g.As a student, I must work hard.‎ 作为一名学生,我必须努力学习。‎ ‎(2)本句中动词take表示“带领”,take…to…则表示“带领某人去某处”。‎ e.g.On Sundays, the father would take his son to the park.‎ 一到星期天,爸爸便会带他儿子去公园。‎ ‎8.But I was so tired that I went to sleep early.‎ ‎[译文]但是我太累了,所以早早就睡着了。‎ 英语中“so+形容词+that句子”,表示“太……以至于……”。‎ e.g.I was so scared that I couldn’t move.‎ 我是那么害怕,一动都不敢动。‎ The game is so interesting that I don’t want to stop playing it.‎ 这个游戏是如此有意思,以至于我都不想停下来。‎ The soup was so delicious that he drank it up.‎ 汤是那么好喝,于是他喝了个精光。‎ ‎9.When we looked out of our tent, we saw a big snake sleeping near the fire.‎ ‎[译文]当我们向帐篷外面看去,我们发现一条大蛇正在篝火附近睡觉。‎ 英语中表示感官的动词,比如see, hear, feel等动词后可以接动词的ing形式,表示“看见、听到、觉得某人或某物正在做某事”。‎ e.g.I can hear the children singing in the classroom.‎ 我能听见孩子们在教室里唱歌。‎ I looked out the window and saw some boys playing soccer on the playground.‎ 我往窗外望去,看见一些男孩子在操场上踢球。‎ My dad told me later that snakes don’t have ears but can feel things moving.‎ 我爸爸后来告诉我说,蛇是没有耳朵的,但是它们能赶到东西的震动。‎ ‎10.‎ Unit 5 Where did you go on vacation?(I)‎ ‎1.词汇篇:‎ go to the mountains—went to the mountains stay at home—stayed at home go to New York City—went to ‎New York City go to the beach—went to the beach visit my uncle—visited my uncle visit museums—visited museums go to summer camp—went to summer camp take a few photos—took a few photos ‎2.Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假了? ‎ I went to the mountains. 我去了山区。 ‎ ‎(1)这是一个特殊疑问句。由“特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+动词+其它?”构成。由于是询问已发生的动作(过去的事情),所以助动词用过去式did,其后的动词用原形。 ‎ e.g.—Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去了哪儿? ‎ ‎—I visited my friends. 我去拜访了朋友。 ‎ What did you do last night? ‎ 昨天晚上你做了什么?‎ Who did she go with?‎ 她和谁一起去的?‎ ‎(2)与go to the mountains结构类似的词组还有: ‎ ‎   go to the beach 去海边     go to summer camp 去夏令营 ‎ ‎   go to New York 去纽约市     go on vacation 去度假 ‎ ‎   go to a trip 去旅行       go to the movies 去看电影 ‎ ‎3.Did you go with anyone?‎ ‎[疑问]你和某人一起去的吗?‎ anyone是不定代词,相当于anybody,其用法如下:‎ ‎(1)表示“某人”时,通常用在否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中,用来代替someone和somebody;表示“任何人”时,可用于肯定句 (也可用于其它句型)。‎ e.g.Did anyone hear of such a thing?‎ 有谁听说过这样的事吗? ‎ Don’t owe anyone a penny. ‎ 不要欠任何人一分钱。‎ I can do it if anyone can. ‎ 如果有谁能干这事,我也能。‎ Anyone can cook;it’s easy. ‎ 做饭谁都会,这很容易。‎ ‎(2)用作主语,谓语动词用单数;若需用代词代替,可用单数he, him, his (正式)或复数they, them, their (非正式)均可。‎ e.g.If anybody[anyone] comes, ask him[them] to wait. ‎ 要是有人来,让他等着。‎ ‎(3)受形容词修饰时,形容词应置于其后。‎ e.g.Have you seen anyone[anybody] famous? ‎ 你见过名人吗?‎ ‎(4)只能指人,不能指物;且其后一般不接of短语。若是指物或后接of短语,可用any one (分开写).‎ e.g.Any one of the plans will do. ‎ 这些计划中的任何一个都行。‎ Any one of our employees could be the informer. ‎ 我们的任何一位雇员都有可能成为告密者。‎ ‎4.Oh, did you go anywhere interesting?‎ ‎[译文]噢,你去了什么有趣的地方了没?‎ anywhere是一个不定副词,表示“某个地方”, 通常用在否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中,用来代替somewhere。‎ e.g.I cannot find it anywhere. ‎ 我在什么地方都没找到它。‎ Are you going anywhere tonight? ‎ 今晚你要去什么地方吗?‎ If you go anywhere, take me with you. ‎ 你要是去什么地方,带我一起去。‎ 若是要肯定地说某个地方,应用somewhere。‎ e.g.I think I saw it somewhere. ‎ 我想我在什么地方见过它。‎ ‎5.Did you see Huangguoshu Waterfall? ‎ 你看了黄果树瀑布吗?‎ Yes, I did. 是的,我看了。‎ 这是一个一般疑问句,由助动词提问,回答也用助动词。由于询问的是发生在过去的事,所以助动词用过去式did。 ‎ 一般过去时的一般疑问句的句子结构: Did+主语+动词原形+其它+? ‎ 回答: ‎ ‎※在过去时态中,无论主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数,助动词一律用 did: ‎ e.g.‎ ‎   ‎ ‎6.We took quite a few photos there.‎ ‎[译文]我们在那儿拍了很多照片。‎ 此句中quite a few是一个整体结构,表示“相当多”,修饰可数名词,请不要与a few(少数几个)混淆。试体会、比较下面例句中a few和quite a few的区别:‎ There are only a few books on the table, but I still have quite a few in the bookcase.‎ 虽然桌子上只有几本书,但我的书柜里还是有很多书的。‎ 辨析:a few, few, a little, little a few和few修饰可数名词复数;a little和little修饰不可数名词。       ‎ 带有冠词a的a little和a few表肯定,表示“一点儿”;没有冠词a的few和little表否定,表示“几乎没有”。       ‎ e.g.There is a little water in the bottle.‎ 瓶子里有一点儿水。       ‎ There is little water in the bottle.‎ 瓶子里几乎没有水了。 ‎ He has a few friends here.‎ 他在这里有几个朋友。‎ He has few friends here.‎ 他在这里几乎没有朋友。‎ ‎7.I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.‎ ‎[译文]我大部分时间只是呆在家里看书和放松。‎ ‎(1)stay可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物动词。当它作不及物动词时就不能直接接宾语,其后接相应的介词短语,表地点(留在某地)或表状态(保持某种状态)。 ‎ stay in the office 继续任职(掌权) ‎ stay awake 不睡(醒着) ‎ stay in the army 留在部队中     ‎ stay at home 呆在家中 ‎ e.g. We're staying in the same hotel. ‎ 我们住在同一家旅馆。 ‎ ‎(2)home与house, family的区别 ‎ ‎   home指“家”这个概念,包括“住处”和“家人”。 ‎ ‎   house则指“房子”、“住宅”,侧重于建筑结构。family则指“家庭成员”。 ‎ e.g.I watched TV at home last night. ‎ 我昨晚在家里看电视。 ‎ This house is very beautiful. ‎ 这房子真漂亮。 ‎ My family is a small but happy one. ‎ 我家人不多,但很幸福。 ‎ My family are watching TV. ‎ 我的家人在看电视。 ‎ ‎   ※当family作整体概念时,谓语动词用单数;看作一个个成员时,谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎8.Did you buy anything special?‎ ‎[译文]你买什么特别的东西了吗?‎ ‎(1)anything表示“某事”、“某东西”,主要用于否定句,疑问句及条件状语从句中,用以代替 something (常译为:什么……);表示“任何事”、“任何东西”,主要用于肯定句 (有时也可用于其它句型)。‎ e.g.Has anything interesting happened? ‎ 发生了什么有趣的事吗? ‎ We can’t believe anything he says. ‎ 无论他说什么,我们都不能相信。‎ I asked if anything was the matter. ‎ 我问是不是出了什么问题。‎ I want something to eat, and anything will do. ‎ 我想弄点东西吃,什么都行。‎ ‎(2)在英语中,anything, something, nothing和everything是用于指代事物的复合不定代词,与之相对应的复合不定代词anyone, someone, no one和everyone(anybody, somebody, nobody和everybody)用于指人。注意:当形容词修饰由every-、some-、any-、no-加body、one、thing等构成的 复合不定代词时须后置。‎ e.g.Did you do anything special last month? ‎ 上个月你做过什么特别的事情吗? ‎ He did everything possible to help us. ‎ 他做了一切可能做的来帮助我们。 ‎ There is something wrong with the computer. ‎ 这台电脑出毛病了。‎ I can see someone new in your group.‎ 我看出你们小组中有新人。‎ There’s nothing interesting in the news today.‎ 今天的新闻里没有什么有趣的内容。‎ ‎9.How was the food?‎ ‎[译文]吃的东西怎么样?‎ 询问过去的状态,用动词的过去式。主语是单数用 was, 复数用were。‎ e.g.How was the weather? ‎ ‎(那时的)天气如何? ‎ How was your vacation?‎ 你的假期如何?‎ How were the people there? ‎ 那儿的人怎么样? ‎ They were friendly. ‎ 他们很友好。‎ Unit 5 Where did you go on vacation?(II)‎ ‎1.词汇篇:‎ arrive in Penang—arrived in ‎Penang decide to go to the beach—decided to go to the beach try paragliding—tried paragliding ride bicycles to Georgetown—rode bicycles to ‎Georgetown enjoy walking around the town—enjoyed walking around the town start raining—started raining decide to take the train—decided to take the train ‎2.I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.‎ ‎[译文]今天早晨我和我的家人抵达了马来西亚的槟榔山。‎ arrive是不及物动词,表示“到达”, 表示“到达”这一意思的有三个词组:get to, arrive at/in, reach ‎① get to是一个常用的词组,比较口语化。‎ e.g.When does she usually get to school? ‎ 她通常什么时候到校?‎ ‎② arrive是不及物动词,其后要接介词at或in,at后接小地点,in后接大地点。‎ e.g.We will arrive at the village at 5 tomorrow afternoon.‎ 我们将明天下午5点到达这个村子。‎ How will you arrive in Shanghai?‎ 你们将如何到达上海?‎ ‎③ reach为及物动词,后面直接接表地点的名词。‎ e.g.When did you reach Beijing? ‎ 你什么时候到北京的?‎ ‎3.It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel.‎ ‎[译文]天气晴好,比较热,因此我们决定去旅店附近的海滩。‎ decide为动词,意为“决定”,常用结构: ‎ decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事 ‎ decide on doing sth. 决定做某事 ‎ decide + 疑问代词/副词+不定式 决定…… ‎ decide +从句 决定…… ‎ e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday. ‎ 我决定星期一去北京。 ‎ He has decided on going for a trip next week. ‎ 他已决定下周去旅行。 ‎ He decided when to go to Beijing. ‎ 他已经决定了什么时候去北京。 ‎ We decided that we didn’t take part in the basketball match.‎ 我们决定不参加篮球比赛。 ‎ decision n. 决定 ‎ decide to do sth. = make a/the decision to do sth. 决定做某事 ‎ e.g.She decided to travel alone.‎ ‎=She made the decision to travel alone. ‎ 她决定独自去旅行。 ‎ ‎4.My sister and I tried paragliding.‎ ‎[译文]我姐姐和我尝试了滑翔伞。‎ try为动词,表示“尝试,努力”。‎ 辨析:try to do sth.和try doing sth.‎ ‎(1)try to do sth. 努力去做某事 ‎(2)try doing sth. 尝试去做某事 e.g.He tried speaking English to us.‎ 他试着用英语和我们谈话。‎ Please try to do better next time. ‎ 下次设法做得更好些。‎ ‎5.I felt like I was a bird. ‎ ‎[译文]我感觉我像一只鸟。‎ ‎(1)feel like的用法:‎ ‎① 表示“摸起来像……”。‎ e.g.It feels like silk. ‎ 这东西摸起来像丝绸。(feel like + n.)‎ This feels like an orange. ‎ 这东西摸起来像个桔子。(feel like + n.)‎ ‎② 表示“感觉像(是)……”。‎ e.g.My legs feel like cotton wool. ‎ 我感觉两条腿像棉花一样。(feel like + n.)‎ They made me feel like one of the family. ‎ 他们让我觉得就是这个家中的一员。(feel like + n.)‎ ‎③ 表示“有……的感觉”。‎ e.g.I’m surprised that he feels like that. ‎ 我奇怪他会有这种感觉。(feel like + pron.)‎ ‎④ 表示“给人的感觉(像)是……”。‎ e.g.I was only there two days, but it felt like a week. ‎ 我只在那里呆了两天,但好像过了一个星期似的。(feel like + n.)‎ ‎⑤ 表示“想吃或喝……”。‎ e.g.Do you feel like a drink? ‎ 你想喝点什么吗? (feel like + n.)‎ ‎⑥ 表示“想做……”。‎ e.g.I don’t feel like cooking. Let’s eat out. ‎ 我不想做饭,我们出去吃吧。(feel like + doing sth.)‎ I don’t feel like waiting around for him to make up his mind. ‎ 我不能干等着他拿主意。(feel like + doing sth.)‎ ‎6.I wonder what life was like here in the past.‎ ‎[译文]我想知道这里以前的生活是怎么样的。‎ wonder在这里是及物动词用法,表示“想知道”。 后常接 who, what, why, where 等引导的宾语从句。‎ e.g.I wonder who she is.‎ 我想知道她是谁。‎ She wondered what the child was doing.‎ 她感到疑惑,孩子究竟在干什么?‎ I wonder why Ann is late.‎ 我想知道安为什么迟到了。‎ I wonder where they have gone.‎ 我想知道他们去哪儿了。‎ ‎7.What a difference a day makes!‎ ‎[译文]一天的差异是多么大呀!‎ 这是一个感叹句。英语语法规定,强调名词时,句首用what。‎ e.g.What a lovely day!‎ 多么好的一天啊!‎ What nice people they are!‎ 他们是多么好的人呀!‎ 注意:强调形容词或副词时,句首要用how。‎ e.g.How beautiful the girl is!‎ 那个女孩子真漂亮呀!‎ How hot these days are!‎ 这些天真热啊!‎ How fast he runs!‎ 他跑得真快呀!‎ ‎8.And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.‎ ‎[译文]并且因为糟糕的天气,底下的东西我们什么都看不到。‎ because of和because均为“因为”的意思,两者区别在于前者是介词短语,后面可以接名词、代词或名词性短语,而后者是连词,后面接句子。‎ e.g.I can’t come to your party, Denny, because I’m going away this weekend.‎ 丹尼,我参加不了你的聚会啦,因为这个周末我外出不在。(because之后为句子)‎ We can’t play basketball outside today because of the rain.‎ 因为这场雨,我们今天无法在室外打篮球了。(because of之后为名词)‎ They are here all because of you!‎ 他们来这儿全都是因为你呀!(because of之后为代词)‎ ‎9.My father didn’t bring enough money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish.‎ ‎[译文]我爸爸没有带足够的钱,因此我们只吃了一碗面和一些鱼。‎ enough是个兼类词,它可以用作形容词、副词或名词。‎ ‎(1)enough作形容词用时,意思是“足够的,充分的”,通常用于修饰名词。enough修饰名词时一般趋向于放在所修饰的名词前。‎ e.g.We have enough time to do our homework.‎ 我们有充足的时间做家庭作业。‎ There was enough room in it for lots of toys and books.‎ 那里有足够的空间,可以放很多玩具和书。‎ ‎(2)enough作副词用时,有“足够地,充分地;相当地,还可以”等意思。enough修饰形容词、副词或动词时应放在被修饰词的后面。‎ e.g.The boy is old enough to go to school.‎ 这个男孩到上学的年龄了。‎ I know him well enough. ‎ 我非常了解他。‎ ‎(3)enough作名词时,意思是“足够(的数量或数目)”,可以作主语和宾语。 ‎ e.g.I’ve had enough, thank you. ‎ 我已经吃够了,谢谢你。‎ ‎10.写日记的格式:‎ 在左上角写上日期,先星期(week)再日期(date),在右上角写上天气(weather)。 ‎ 然后另起一行,就可以写下你想要写的事情或感想了。 ‎ ‎  注意写日记时,要使用正确的时态,如果你记叙的是已经发生的事情,一般都应用过去时态。如果写的是感想等,就可以用一般现在时。‎
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