高二英语上册词汇双解及用法

高二英语上册词汇双解及用法

高二上学期英语词汇双解及用法 Unit 1 Making a difference Words and expressions genius n. very clever person 天才；英才 The man (Darwin) was something of a genius. 这个人可算是个天才。 inspiration n.[u] thought or idea that helps someone to write a book or music, paint etc.灵感；启示 An artist often draws his inspiration from natural beauty. 艺术家常从自然美中得到启发。 n.[c] a thing or a person that gives such influence 启发灵感的人或物 His heroic deeds will always be an inspiration to us. 他的英雄事迹对我们将永远是一个鼓舞。 perspiration n. 出汗 undertake v. engage in, take steps to perform 从事；着手做 (undertook; undertaken) He undertakes a piece of work. 他从事着一项工作。 v. agree to do something 承担；接受 He undertook to be our guide. 他同意做我们的向导。 analysis n.分析；分解 analyses pl. I obvious adj. very clear, easy to see or understand 显然的；明显的 It's obvious that he hasn't read the book. 他显然没有读过这本书。 within prep. inside; less than a certain amount 在…之内；不超过；在…范围以内 I will be back within an hour. 我在一小时之内回来。 quote R n. 引语；引文 agriculture n.[u] the art or practice of farming 农业；农艺 Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 农业是国民经济的基础。 gravity n. 重力；引力 radioactivity n.[u] the characteristic property of radioactive substances 放射现象；放射性 Some rare metals have radioactivity. 某些稀有金属具有放射性。 curious adj. wanting to know about something 好奇的；很想知道的 She is curious to know what happens. 她好奇地要知道发生了什么事。 adj. wanting to know too much 爱打听的 Don't be too curious about things you are not supposed to know. 对于不要你知道的事别去打听。 branch n. one of the arms of a tree that grow out from the trunk 树枝 The little bird hid among the branches of the tree. 小鸟藏在树枝里。 n. any thing divided off from the chief part 分部；分支 They set up many branches throughout the country. 他们在全国建立好多分公司。 debate n.[c] people or groups, each expressing a different point of view 辩论 We are having a debate today. 我们今天开辩论会。 vt. talk about something at a public meeting 争论；辨论 The subject was debated till a late hour. 这个题目一直辩论到很晚的时候。 vi. engage in discussion and argument (at public meeting) 讨论；辩论 We have been debating about current affairs. 我们最近正在就时事问题进行辩论。 biologist n.[c] someone who studies biology 生物学家 scan n. 浏览；细看 PhD (=Doctor of Philosophy) 哲学博士学位；博士学位 boundary n. 分界线；边界 promising: adj. 有希望的；有前途的 a promising youth 有希望的青年 graduate n. someone who has a university degree 大学毕业生； 毕业生 There will be a meeting of graduates tomorrow. 明天要开个毕业生会。 incurable adj. 不能医治的；不可救药的 an incurable disease 不治之症 work on continue working; be engaged in 继续工作；从事于 The builders are still working on the house. 建筑工人们仍在造房子。 go by pass by; (time, etc. )elapse 经过；过去 He had to go by the post office on his way to school, so he mailed the letter. 他在去学校的途中须得经过邮局，所以就顺便把信邮了。 engage vt. promise to marry 订婚 They were already engaged then. 那时候他们已经订婚。 vt. fill up the time of, keep busy 从事；忙 He is engaged in teaching. 他从事于教学工作。 vt. arrange to employ (sb.)雇用；聘请 The experts were engaged from abroad. 这些专家是从国外聘请来的。 vt. bind (oneself) with a promise, promise 约定 He engages to be here at six. 他约定六点钟到这里。 be/get engaged to sb 与某人订婚 John is engaged to Mary. 约翰和玛丽订婚了。 go on with continue doing 继续做；继续进行 Stop talking and go on with your work. 别讲话了，接着干活吧。 research n.[c] studying to find out more about things, life, etc.研究；调查；探究 Astronauts will live and do research work in it. 宇航员将在上面生活并进行研究工作。 vi. carry on research 研究 It is necessary to research into the cause of cancer. 深入研究癌症起因很有必要。 dream of v. hope for something nice in the future 梦想；向往；渴望 The boy dreams of becoming a pilot. 那孩子一心想当飞行员。 v. have a picture or idea in your mind when you are asleep 梦到；梦见 I dreamed of/about you last night. 我昨夜梦到了你。 exploration n. 探究；考察 The answer to this question is now under exploration. 该问题的解决办法在探讨中。 wheelchair n.[c] chair in which a person can be pushed from place to place 轮椅 An elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair. 一位上了年岁的（女）病人坐在轮椅上。 disable vt. make unable to do sth. take away power of action; wound 使失去能力；使 残废 He was disabled in the accident. 他在事故中残废了。 theory n.[c] idea that tries to explain something 理论；原理；学说 It is so in theory, but not in practice. 理论上是如此，实际上则不然。 seek v. try to find (something) 寻找；探索 (sought; sought) Most men seek wealth; all men seek happiness. 大多数人寻求财富；每个人都追求幸福。 misunderstand vt. not understand something correctly 误解；误会 His intentions were misunderstood. 他的意向被误解了。 turn out become 结果(是)；证明(是)；原来(是) It looked like rain this morning, but it has turned out (to be) a fine day. 今天早上看起来要下雨，结果是个好天。 scientific adj. having to do with science 科学的 Scientific farming is the key to the further development of agriculture. 科学种田是进一步发展农业的关键。 observe vt. see or watch someone or something carefully 观察 As a child, he liked to observe the behaviour of insects. 他小时候喜欢观察昆虫的习性。 vt. keep, or act according to a law, rule, custom, etc; pay attention or respect to 遵守；庆祝 We should observe the rules and regulations. 我们应该遵守规章制度。 Do you observe Christmas in your country? 你们国家过圣诞节吗？ observation n.[u] watching carefully, being watched carefully 观察 They were the result of years of careful observation,thought and study. 它们是长年的细心观察、思考和研究的结果。 match vt. to fit together in colour, shape, or size 相配；相称 Ruth's blouse matches her skirt. 露丝的衬衫和她的裙子很相配。 predict vt. 预言；预报 The weather forecast predicts sunshine for tomorrow. 天气预报预测明天天晴。 use up consume completely 用完；用光 By this time he had used up all his savings. 到这时，他的存款已全部用完。 unhappiness n. 不幸福 DNA [ZdIenXei] n. 脱氧核糖核酸(基因的基本成分) crime n.[c] something done against the law 犯罪；罪行 Murder is a crime. 谋杀是一种罪行。 be satisfied with 对……满意 The teacher was not satisfied with my answer. 老师不满意我的回答。 astronomer n. 天文学家 microscope n.[c] instrument with a special glass that makes very small things look much bigger 显微镜 Under a microscope a hair looks like a thick stick. 在显微镜下，一根头发看上去像根大粗棍子。 telescope n. long instrument with special glass that makes distant things look bigger and nearer 望远镜 an astronomical telescope 天文望远镜 an electron telescope 电子望远镜 take a look at 看 what if what will be the result if 倘若…将会怎样；即使…又有什么要紧 What if he doesn't come (What shall we do if he doesn't com)? 如果他不来，我们怎么办呢？ geographer n. one who studies geography that tells about the earth 地理学家；地 理学者 Many geographers now call this landmass Eurasia. 许多地理学家现在把这块陆地叫做欧亚大陆。 heaven n. home of God, where many people believe they will go when they die 天堂；天 空 The stars shine in the heavens. 星星在天空闪烁。 the other way around 相反地 intelligent adj. clever; learning and understanding well 智力高的；理解力强的 Li Hong is an intelligent pupil. 李红是个聪明的小学生。 patient adj. having or showing patience 有耐心的；忍耐的 Please be patient. 请耐心点儿。 experiment vi 做实验/试验 Albert Einstein [XBlbRt Xainstain] 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 Newton: n. 牛顿(英国科学家) Galileo n. 伽利略 Copernicus n. 哥白尼 Unit 2 News media Words and expressions media (medium 的复数)n. a substance through which something acts or is carried 媒体 Television and radio are medium for propaganda. 电视和无线电是宣传的工具。 reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 a reliable man 可信赖的人 from a reliable source 据可靠的来源 fire v. make someone leave his job 解雇；开除 The following day two of the trade union leaders were fired. 第二天两个工会领导人给开除了。 v. shoot with a gun 射击；开火 We fired at the enemy. 我们向敌人开火。 face v. have the face or the front towards something 面临；面对 We share common experiences and face common tasks. 我们有共同的经历，也面临共同的任务。 difficulty n.[u] something which is difficult, a problem 困难 I once asked him if he had any difficulty in keeping five children in school. 有一次我问他供五个孩子上学是否有什么困难。 n.[c] a thing that is hard to do or understand 难事；难题 We must struggle with difficulties. 我们必须和困难作斗争。 nosy adj. 好管闲事的 He is nosy about my business. 他爱探听我的事。 editor n. someone who prepares or organizes a newspaper, periodical, or book 编辑 He is the associate editor of a daily paper. 他是个日报副编辑。 reason n.[c] cause; why you do or say something 理由；原因 Give me your reason for doing it. 告诉我你做这事的理由。 vt. to think about something and to make the right decision 推理；思考 The ability to reason makes man different from animals. 人与动物的差别是人有思维能力。 elect vt. choose someone or some people 选举；推选 They elected him chairman of the meeting. 我们推选他作会议主席。 go on climb; be raised; go towards the upper part of (a river, etc.) 上升；攀登 The elevator went up to the fourth floor. 电梯升到了五楼。 burn down burn, or make a building burn, until it falls down 燃毁；烧坍 These houses were burnt down (to the ground) by the enemy. 这些房屋（全）被敌人烧掉了。 injure vt. hurt someone or something 伤害；损害 I was injured in a street accident. 我在一次车祸中受了伤。 rumour n. 谣言；传闻 headline n. words in big letters in a newspaper（报刊上的）大字标题 ；(pl.)新闻提 要 inform v. to tell someone something he did not know 告诉；通知 They came round and informed us of their decision. 他们来把他们的决议通知了我们。 informed adj.见闻广的；消息灵通的 a well-informed man 博闻多识的人, 消息灵通的人 relate vi. have connection 相关；涉及 Your words don't relate well with the facts. 你的话与事实不相符。 relate sb/sth 理解/同情某人/某物 relate (...) to (与……) 有关；涉及 He notices nothing but what relates to himself. 除了同他自己有关的事情之外，他什么也不注意。 vt. tell, give an account of 说；叙述 He related the story to us at length. 他把这个故事详细地讲给我们听了。 talent n. natural skill; something that you do naturally well 天才；天资 Amanda has a talent for painting. 阿曼达有绘画天才。 talented very clever in a special way adj.有才能的；天资高的 a talented footballer 天才的足球运动员 比较：latent adj. concealed; present but not get active or developed 潜在的；潜伏的 He is a man of great latent power. 他是一个有很大潜力的人。 switch v. change to something different 转换；改变 He switched from a back seat to a front seat so that he could see more. 他从后排位子移到前排去，以便看得清楚些。 n. small handle, knob, or button that turns electricity on and off 开关；电闸 The light switch is on the wall near the door. 电灯的开关在靠近门口的墙上。 for once for this occasion only 就这一次 He is right--for once! 他总算有一回对了！ interviewee Z XI n. 被接见者；被访问者 interviewer n. someone who interviews another person 接见者；采访者 His brother is an interviewer. 他的哥哥是个记者。 present iX e vt. to show; to have 呈现；有 The teacher presented a neat appearance. 那个教师仪表堂堂。 vt. introduce, bring (a person, etc.) before somebody 介绍；引见（人等） Allow me to present Mr. Brown to you. 请允许我把布朗先生介绍给你。 vt. give something 赠送 Our class presented the school with a picture. 我们班把一幅图画赠予学校。 adj. being or happening now 现存的 my present job 我现在的工作 adj. being here; being there 在场的；出席的 Is all the class present? 全班人都到了吗？ reflect vt. give back light, pictures, etc. 反射；映出 The hills are reflected in the water. 群山在水中倒映。 vt. give back an image of 反映 The Party's policies reflect the hopes and interests of the popular masses. 党的政策反映了人民群众的愿望和利益。 vt. realize while thinking; consider 反省；思维 He reflected that this was not the right thing for a League member to do. 他考虑到这不是一个团员应该做的事。 truthfully adv. in a truthful manner; in accordance with the truth 诚实地；说真话 Always speak truthfully. 永远要话真说。 effort n. trying hard use of strength 努力 His efforts bring about results. 他的努力产生了效果。 passion n.[u] strong feeling of love, hate, or anger 强烈感情；激情；热情 He has a passion for sports. 他对（体育）运动有癖好。 spiritual adj. 精神（上）的，心灵的 spiritual enlightenment 精神的启蒙 fulfilment n.[u] 完成；履行；实现 seldom adv. not often, rarely 很少；不常；难得 The old lady seldom leaves her house because she can't walk far. 那个老太太很少出门，因为她走不远。 AIDS n. 爱滋病(为 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 的首字母缩略字“后天性免 役不全症候群”) addict vt. 使成瘾 n. 入迷的人；瘾君子 be addicted to 沉溺于 He is addicted to drinking. 他饮酒成瘾。 social adj. of people together; of being with other people 社会的；社交的 Rosemary has a busy social life. 罗斯玛丽忙于社交活动。 ignore vt. know about something but not do anything about it 忽视；不顾；不理睬 Your suggestion has not been ignored. It is still under discussion. 你的建议没有被忽视，大家正在讨论它。 even if (though) in spite of the fact that 即使，纵然 We shall go, even if it rains. 就是下雨，我们也要去。 attention n. interest; thinking carefully about what you are doing 兴趣；注意；留心 You must pay attention to the teacher. 你们必须注意听老师讲。 draw attention to 对……表示注意 on all sides 在各方面；到处 tolerate vt. 容忍；忍受 Why will you tolerate that fellow? 你为什么要忍受那家伙呢? critical adj. saying that something is wrong 批评（性）的；批判（性）的 His critical analysis was helpful. 他的批判的分析是有益的。 adj. fond of finding fault 爱挑剔的 He is so critical that nobody can please him. 他很爱挑剔，没有人能取悦于他。 adj. very serious 危急的 That is a critical moment. 那是生死存亡的关头。 source n. place where something comes from 根源；来源 We have the news from a reliable source. 我们从可靠方面得到了这个消息。 n. place where a river starts 河的源头；水源 Where is the source of the Thames? 泰晤士河源出何处？ change one’s mind 改变主意 Why have you changed your mind? 你怎么改变主意了？ current adj. (of time) now passing 当前的；现行的 I shall see you on the 9th current. 我将于本月 9 日来访你。 adj. passing or handed on from person to person; in general use 流通的；通用的 This coin will pass current here. 这钱在这里通用。 affair n.[c] something which a person is concerned with; a matter; business 事；事情； pl. 事务 We should concern ourselves with state affairs. 我们要关心国家大事。 current affairs 时事 concern vt. 使担忧 Don't let my sickness concern you. 不要担心我的病。 vt. 与…有关 That doesn't concern me. 那与我无关。 n. 担心；忧虑；关心的事 Our chief concern at the moment is the weather. 眼前我们最关心的事是天候。 neutral adj. not taking either side in an argument, quarrel, or war 中立的 He continued to maintain a neutral attitude toward(s) both sides. 他对双方继续保持不偏不倚的态度。 telegram n. message that you send quickly by electric wires or by radio 电报 I received a telegram from my father. 我收到父亲的一封电报。 locate vt. establish or place in a particular place or position 使坐落于；设置 Where is the new factory to be located? 新工厂将设在何处？ vt. state or show the position of 找出位置 Can you locate Paris on the map? 你能在地图上指出巴黎吗？ vt. find out the exact position of 找出位置；查出 The soldiers located the enemy. 战士们查出了敌人的所在地方。 retire v. to give up one's work or position 退职；退休 He retired at the age of fifty. 他五十岁时退休了。 complete vt. finish doing or making something 完成；使圆满 The builders will complete the new sports centre next year. 建筑工人将在明年建成这座新的运动中心。 adj. with no parts missing 完整的 Is this a complete story? 这是一个完整的故事吗？ adj. total 完全的 Gary's visit was a complete surprise! 加里的来访可真完全出人意外！ overseas adj. in,to,or from places across the sea;foreign 海外的；外国的 We enjoyed the overseas travel. 我们的国外旅行很愉快。 adv. abroad 在国外 He is living overseas. 他住在国外。 look up to 尊敬；佩服 bore vt. to make someone feel tired;not to be interesting 使人厌烦；乏味 He bores me with his endless tales. 他那讲不完的故事使我厌烦。 fall in love with... 爱上…… attitude n. what one thinks about something 态度；看法 His attitude to (or towards) me was that of a comrade. 他对我的态度是同志的态度。 disappoint vt. make you sad because the things you hoped for do not happen 使失望 The book disappointed me. 这本书使我很失望。 vt. prevent (a hope, plan,etc.) from being realized 阻碍（希望，计划等）被实现 I am sorry to disappoint your plan. 我阻碍了你的计划，很抱歉。 troublemaker n. 惹麻烦的人；闹事者；捣乱者 guard n.[c] someone who watches a prisoner or keeps a building safe 看守人员；警卫；哨 兵 Lenin said to the guard that he had done right. 列宁对那个卫兵说他做得对。 n.[u] keeping a place or people safe from harm or attack 守卫；警戒 The soldiers are on guard. 战士们在站岗。 responsible adj. worthy of trust; dependable 负责任的 I am not responsible to you for my actions. 对我的行为我没有向你交待的义务。 adj. whom you can trust to be good and wise 尽责的；可信赖的 You should give a task to a responsible man. 你应当把工作交给一个可靠的人。 caring X riN adj. 关怀的；关心的 citizen n. someone who belongs to a country or town 公民；市民 I'm a citizen of Switzerland, not Austria. 我是瑞士公民，不是奥地利公民。 demonstrate vi. walk or stand in public with other people to show that you have strong feelings about something 示威游行 The students marched through London to demonstrate against the government. 学生们穿过伦敦进行反政府示威。 vt. show something clearly（用实例、实验等）说明；证明 The teacher demonstrated the experiment to the class. 老师做实验给全班看。 polluter R n. 污染者；污染物质 arm v. get ready for war;give someone weapons for fighting 武装；装备 The whole nation was armed. 全国都武装起来了。 n. a weapon 武器 They supplied the people with arms. 他们供给人民武器。 comparison n. seeing or understanding how alike or different things are 比较； 对照 He looks older by comparison. 比较起来，他显得老些。 update vt. 更新；使现代化 checklist n. 清单；名单 Unit 3 Art and architecture Words and expressions architecture n.[u] planning buildings 建筑学 John studied architecture. 约翰学建筑学。 n.[u] shape and plan of buildings 建筑式样 Modern architecture uses more straight lines than many earlier kinds of architecture did. 现代建筑比许多古代建筑使用更多的直线条。 architect n. someone whose job is to plan buildings 建筑师；设计师 This building was designed by a young architect. 这所建筑物是一个年轻建筑师设计的。 preference n. what you like 偏爱；喜爱 There is tea and coffee--have you a preference? 有茶和咖啡，你喜欢什么？ design vt. draw a plan that shows how to make something 设计；计划 The president designed a new policy. 总统制定了一项新政策。 n. drawing or plan that shows how to make something 设计；计划 This is a tractor of the latest design. 这是一台最新设计的拖拉机。 furniture n. tables, chairs, beds. cupboards etc.（总称）家具 They have purchased much furniture. 他们已买了不少家具。 taste n. what you like 爱好；趣味 I have a taste for English literature. 我对英国文学有兴趣。 n. feeling that a certain food or drink gives in a mouth 滋味；味道 Cake has a sweet taste. 蛋糕的味道是甜的。 sofa n. long, soft seat 长沙发；沙发 heater n. something that gives heat to make a place warm 火炉；加热器 a gas heater 煤气炉 honey n. a thick, sweet, yellow liquid, good to eat, which bees make out of the drops they collect from flowers 蜂蜜 Bees gather honey from flowers. 蜜蜂从花上采蜜。 n. (colloq.) darling; dear （口）宝贝儿 my honey 我亲爱的 modern adj. of present time; of the sort that is usual now 现代的 There is a big, modern hospital and some fine schools. 有一所大型的现代化医院和几所很好的学校。 convenient adj. saving trouble; suitable; easy to reach or use 方便的 Come to see me whenever it is convenient to you. 你什么时候方便，就请来看我。 block n. a large building divided into shops, offices, flats, etc.（英）大厦；大楼 a block of offices 办公大楼 n. group of buildings joined together; distance along a group of buildings 街区 The bank is just two blocks away. 过两条横马路就是银行。 n. big, heavy piece of stone, wood, concrete, etc.大块（石头，木头，混凝土等） The whole basin of water may be turned into a block of ice. 整盆水就会变成一大块冰。 apartment n. (美) a set of rooms for living in 一套房间；单元住宅 They occupy a suite of apartments. 他们住着一套房间。 style n. a manner, method, or way of speaking, writing, doing, building, etc.风格；文体 He writes in an amusing style. 他的文体诙谐。 old-style adj. 旧式的 stand vt. bear something that one does not like 忍受；经受 Can you stand(bear)the pain? 你能忍得住疼吗？ passage n. part of a book, story, speech, etc.（书、演讲等）一节；一段 Give the English for this passage. 将这篇短文译成英语。 n. narrow way in a building that leads to other rooms; corridor 通道；走廊 Inside the pyramids are long passages to these rooms. 在金字塔里面，有通往墓室的长廊。 ugly adj. not beautiful, not nice to look at 丑陋的；难看的 It has a very ugly face. 它有一张难看的脸。 modernism n. 现代主义 construct vt. build 建造；建设 A highway is being constructed. 一条公路正在修建。 construction n.[u] (no pl.) building something 建造；建筑；建设 Their city has been under construction since last year. 他们的城市去年以来已在建设之中。 unnatural adj. not natural 不自然的；不正常的 steel n. strong, hard metal for making knives, tools, machines, etc.钢；钢铁 East of the city lies a steel works. 这城的东面有一家炼钢厂。 concrete n. 混凝土 adj. 具体的；有形的；实在的 a concrete example 具体的实例 impress vt. to fill someone with admiration 给……极深的印象 We were deeply impressed by his words. 他的话给我们留下了深刻的印象。 roof n.[c] op of a building, car, etc 屋顶；顶部 The wind blew off the roof. 屋顶给风吹掉。 act as work or help in place of the usual person or thing 充当；担任 Helen sometimes acts as her father's secretary. 海伦有时充任她父亲的秘书。 unfriendly adj. not kind, helpful, etc.不友好的；冷淡的 We thought he was unfriendly until we learned that he was shy. 本来我们认为他不友好，后来才知道他是害羞。 cathedral n. big, important church with a bishop's chair（一个教区内的）总教堂；大 教堂 balcony n. 阳台；（剧场）二楼包厢 fantastic adj. very strange; very unusual 离奇的；古怪的；荒诞的 The explorer told fantastic stories of his adventures. 探险者讲了关于他几次冒险的离奇的故事。 despite prep. in spite of; not taking notice of 尽管；虽然 He remains modest despite his achievements. 他尽管有成绩仍然很谦虚。 create vt. to cause (something new); to exist, produce (something new) 创造；创作 He created quite a number of wonderful characters in his play. 他在剧本中塑造了许多生动的人物。 seashell n.[c] 海贝；贝壳 She sells seashells on the seashore. 她在海边卖贝壳。 the Opera House (悉尼)歌剧院 sail n. big piece of cloth on the mast of a boat to catch the wind and move the boat forward 帆；篷 That boat has a new sail. 那条船有一面新帆。 stadium n.[c] place for games and sports, with seats around the sides（周围有看台 的）露天大型运动场 The new football stadium can hold eighty thousand people. 新的足球场可以容纳八万人。 net n. (pl. nets) thing made of cloth, for a special job 网；网状物 There is a net behind the goal in football. 足球的球门后面有一个网子。 nest n. home of a bird; place where a bird lays its eggs 鸟窝；鸟巢 Alan found a bird's nest in the tree. 艾伦发现树上有个鸟窝。 n. place where some insects, snakes, etc. lay their eggs and keep their babies 窝；穴 an ants' nest 蚂蚁窝 fill up with make or become completely full 用……装满 Jim filled up the tank with petrol. 吉姆将油箱灌满了汽油。 structure adj. building that has been put together 结构；构造；建筑 The Seven Bridge is a huge structure. 塞文桥是一座巨大的建筑。 belong (长与 to 连用) vi. be a possession of; be the property of 属于；为…之财产 Does this book belong to you? 这书是你的吗？ vi. to be part of; to be a member of 是（社团、家庭等）的成员 She belongs to the tennis club. 她是网球俱乐部成员。 paint vt. cover something with a coloured liquid 粉刷；油漆 We painted the door blue. 我们把门漆成蓝色。 vt. make a picture with paints（用颜料）绘画 He painted a picture in Chinese ink. 他画了一幅水墨画。 n. coloured liquid that you put on something with a brush to change the colour or make a picture 颜 料；油漆 Wet paint--do not touch! 油漆未干，切勿触摸！ aside adv. on or to one side; away 在旁边；到（向）一边 Please put the book aside and answer my question. 请把书放在一旁，回答我的问题。 set aside to put on one side for future use; reserve 拨出；留出 Our production brigade has set aside ample reserve grain. 我们生产大队已经留出了充足的储备粮。 workshop n. place where you make or repair things 车间；工场；创作室 The carpenter was hammering in his workshop. 木匠正在作坊里锤打。 rent v. to pay a sum of money for the use of property or goods 租用 n. a sum of money paid for the use of property or goods 租金 The rent for the apartment is $80 a month. 那套公寓的租金为每月八十美元。 development n.[u] the act of developing 发展；进展；开发 The development of agriculture and industry needs careful planning. 农业和工业的发展需要周密的计划。 teahouse n. 茶馆；茶室 Barcelona n. 巴塞罗那(西班牙港市 Unit 4 A garden of poems Words and expressions poem: n.[c] a piece of writing in verse 诗；韵文 a lyric poem 一首抒情诗 a prose poem 一首散文诗 poetry: n.[u] poems(总称)诗；诗集 Wordsworth wrote beautiful poetry. 华兹华士写了优美的诗歌。 poet n. writer of poems 诗人 Li Bai and Du Fu were famous poets in ancient China. 李白和杜甫是中国古代的著名诗人。 intention n. plan, what you are going to do 用意；目的；意图 His intention is to be a teacher. 他的打算是当一名教员。 recite vt. to repeat without looking at the text 背诵；朗诵 Can you recite the poem? 你能背诵这首诗吗？ limerick n．五行打油诗 Peru n. 秘鲁(南美国家) Singapore n. 新加坡(东南亚国家) mad adj. with a sick mind 神经错乱的；发疯的；狂热的 You must be mad to do such a thing. 你一定是疯了，干出这样的事来。 pattern n. plan that you can copy when you want to make something 模式；式样 n. shapes and colours on something; design 图案；图样 dialogue n.[c] talk 对话 The teacher asked the students to make up short dialogues by themselves. 老师要学生们自己编写小对话。 n.[u] written conversation in a book or play 用对话写的作品；对白 There is some good descriptive writing in the novel, but the dialogue is poor. 这小说里有些很好的描写，但对话很差。 put together cause to be together; add, combine 把…放在一起；装配 It is easier to take a machine to pieces than to put it together again. 拆卸一台机器比重装起来容易。 sort v. put things in groups 把…分类；整理 We must sort out the good apples from the bad ones. 我们必须把好苹果与坏苹果分开。 n. kind; group of people or things that are the same 种类；类别 What sort of music do you like best--pop or classical? 你最喜欢哪种音乐——流行音乐还是古典音乐？ fantasy n. 幻想，空想；怪念头 loneliness n.[u] 孤独；寂寞 live in loneliness 寂寞地独住,过孤独的生活 sadness n. state or quality of being sad; sorrow 悲哀；难过 play with amuse oneself with 玩；玩弄 Whoever plays with fire will get burnt. 玩火者必自焚。 grammar n.[u] the rules by which words change their forms and are combined into sentences 语法 Please pay attention to grammar when you speak. 说话时注意语法。 call up bring to mind or recollection 使人想起；使人回忆到 Your letter calls up the days when we worked together on the docks fifteen years ago. 你的来信使我回忆起十五年前我们一起在码头上工作的日子。 make a telephone call 打电话 This morning someone called up from downtown and asked to see me at two o'clock. 今天早上有人从市里打电话来，要求在两点钟时来看我。 put forward for consideration 提出 When was the bill called up? 这议案是在什么时候被提出讨论的？ summon together; summon to the army 召集；征召…入伍 The commander called up all his forces for the attack. 指挥员集中全部兵力来进行这次进攻。 stand out be easily seen above or among others 突出；出色 Your work stands out from the rest. 你的工作比别人做得出色。 glory n.[u] fame and honour that you win when you do great things 荣誉；光荣 They also hoped the world would remember their power and glory. 他们还希望人们将会想起他们的权势和荣华。 sonnet: n. 十四行诗 absence n. 不在；缺席 several absences from school [class] 缺课数次 n. [又作 an ~] 没有；缺乏[of] There was an absence of time. (那时候) 没有时间。 district n.[c] part of a country or town 区；行政区；地区 They have left this district and gone to live in Bristol. 他们离开这个地区，迁居到布里斯特尔了。 the Lake District (英格兰西北部的)湖区 isle n. 岛；小岛 atmosphere n. the mixture of that surrounds the earth 大气；大气层；气氛 There is too much moisture in the atmosphere today. 今天空气很潮湿。 introduction n. bringing people together to meet each other 介绍 Let us have introductions all round. 让我们一一介绍一下。 n. piece of writing at the beginning of a book to tell what the book is about 前言；引论 There is an introduction in the front of the book, which tells you about the book. 卷首有一篇引言介绍书的内容。 translate v. give the meaning of words in another language 翻译 Don't translate word for word, sentence for sentence. 不要逐字逐句地翻译。 translation n.[u] putting a piece of writing into another language 翻译 n. (pl. translations)piece of writing that has been translated 译文；译作 If you compare the translation with the original, you will find the inaccuracy. 如果你把译文和原文比较一下，你就会找到不准确的地方。 embrace v. put your arms around someone to show love 拥抱 She embrbraced her child. 她拥抱她的孩子。 lig up 照亮；点(烟) come into being be made; begin to live or exist 产生；形成；存在 This world came into being long ago. 很久以前就有了世界。 tale n.[c] story 故事 Have you read any of his fairy tales? 你看过他的童话吗？ n.[c] a false report or piece of gossip; a lie; falsehood 谣言；传闻； You are telling tales again. 你又在说谎话了。 send for send (sb.)to fetch 派人去请；派人去叫；派人去拿 The child is running a high fever. We must send for a doctor at once. 孩子在发高烧。我们必须马上派人去请医生。 shade n.[c] colour 色彩的浓淡 I want the same colour in a lighter shade. 我要色调稍浅的相同颜色。 n.[u] a place where it is dark because the sun does not shine directly 荫；阴凉处 We sat down to rest under the shade of a tree. 我们坐在树荫下休息。 extraordinary adj. out of the ordinary, highly unusual, very strange 特别的；非凡的 This is an extraordinary sight. 这是一特别的景象。 idiom n. group of words with a special meaning 习语；成语；惯用法 He was not too sure about two things-the grammar and some of the idioms. 他在语法和习惯语这两方面还把握不大。 dust n.[u] dry dirt like fine powder 灰尘；尘土 crow n. a large black bird with a harsh cry 乌鸦 hemlock n. 【美】铁杉；铁杉木 mood n. how you feel 心情；情绪 He is in a very bad mood. 他心情很不好。 n. the form of a verb which shows whether the act or state is thought of as a fact, a command, a wish, or the like 语气 the indicative mood 陈述语气 the subjunctive mood 虚拟语气 rue n. 后悔；悲哀 apart adv. free from each other 分开；隔开 Let's keep the two things apart. 我们把这两件事分清楚，别扯在一起。 insane adj. mad; foolish 精神病的；疯狂的 It was insane to take the boat on the sea in that storm. 那么大的风暴乘小船出海，简直是疯了。 essay n. short piece of writing on a subject 论文；散文；随笔 Can you write an essay in English? 你能用英文写一篇论文吗？ recommend vt. 推荐；介绍 [for, to] He recommended the young man to our firm [for the post]. 他推荐那位年轻人到我们公司 [担任那个职位] 。 contribute vt. give a part of something, often help or money 贡献出；捐赠 The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions to world civilization. 宋朝有三大文明对世界文明做出了贡献。 contribute to help to bring about 为……作贡献；有助于 All this contributed to our success. 这一切都促使我们获得成功。 Unit 5 The British Isles Words and expressions Ireland n. 爱尔兰(西欧国家)；爱尔兰岛(西欧) county n. [英国]郡；[美国]县 consist vi. be made up of something 由…组成（构成）(常与 of 连用) The United Nations Organization consists of over 160 nations. 联合国组织由一百六十多个国家组成。 state: n. a nation or its government; a country as a political organisation 国家；政府 Railways are owned by the state. 铁路归国家所有。 n. part of a country 州 How many states are there in tne United states of America? 美国有多少州？ n. how someone or something is, looks, etc.状态；状况 Mary was in a poor state of health. 玛丽的健康状况不好。 vt. say or write something 陈述；说明；阐明 Would you please state your frank opinion of the plan? 请你说说你对这个计划的意见好吗？ powerful adj. with a strong body; able to move heavy things easily 强大的；强有力的 Bill's car is very powerful, and can go very fast. 比尔的汽车功率很大，可以开得很快。 adj. with the right to do important things; able to make other people do what you want 权力大的； 有势力的 He is a powerful president. 他是一位有权威的总统。 mistaken adj. wrong, having understood incorrectly 弄错的；错误的 You're mistaken. 你（搞）错了。 narrow adj. not wide; not far from one side to the other 狭窄的 The river is narrow, you can easily swim across. 河很窄，你可以很容易地游过去。 adj. limited to one point of view; narrow minded 偏狭的；偏见的 He is a man of narrow views. 他是个眼光短浅的人。 be made up of 由...组成；由...构成 unknown adj. not famous 不出名的，默默无闻的 His name was unknown to the world. 他的名字不为世人所知。 adj. that you do not know 未知的；不了解的 He was a man quite unknown about town. 他在镇上鲜为人知。 make the most of use in the best way 尽量利用，充分利用 He wished to make the most of his opportunity. 他想充分利用他的机会。 diversity n. 差异；多样性 a diversity of opinion 各种不同的意见 hold together (使)连在一起；(使)团结一致 Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰 republic n. country where there is a president and parliament that people choose 共和国；共和政体 When was the People's Republic of China founded? 中华人民共和国什么时候建立的？ Dublin n. 都柏林（爱尔兰共和国的首都） Irish n. 爱尔兰人；爱尔兰语 adj. 爱尔兰人的；爱尔兰语的 Europe n. 欧洲 the English Channel 英吉利海峡 form v. take shape, grow 形成，养成 All young folks must form good habits. 所有的青少年都要养成良好习惯。 v. make something; give a shape to something 构成；组成 Water is formed of hydrogen and oxygen. 水由氢氧构成。 v. start a group, etc. 组织；建立 We have formed a football team. 我们组织了一个足球队。 Wales n. 威尔士 the Irish Sea 爱尔兰海 the Isle of Man 马恩岛 Atlantic adj. 大西洋的 n. (the～) 大西洋 These are called the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. 它们叫大西洋、太平洋和印度洋。 the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 general adj. usual; happening everywhere or all the time 一般的；常有的；普通的 Cold weather is general in Britain in the winter. 冬天英国气候一般是寒冷的。 in general 一般来说；大体上 Her English pronunciation is not so bad in general. 她的英语发音一般来说是不错的。 influence n.[u] power to change what someone believes or does 影响；作用 My advice has no influence on his actions. 我的劝告没有影响他的行动。 vt. change someone or something; make someone do what you want 影响；对……有作用 The weather influences the crops. 天气影响农作物。 basis n.[c] 基础；根据；基本原则 (pl. bases ) on a commercial basis 依商业原则 inland adj. not by the sea 内地的；内陆的 Birmingham is an inland city. 伯明翰是内陆城市。 adv. away from the sea, in or towards the middle of a country 在内地；到内地 We left the coast and travelled inland to Cambridge. 我们离开海岸向内地行进，到了剑桥。 conquer vt. to beat an enemy and take a country 征服；占领；战胜 The French conquered England in 1066. 1066 年法国人征服了英格兰。 upper adj. that is above another; top 上头的；上面的；较上的 Please close the upper window. 请关上上面的那个窗户。 adj. higher in rank 地位较高的 the upper classes 上流社会 union n. the act of joining two or more persons or things into one 联合；合并 The three small nations formed a union. 三个小国联合起来了。 n. a number of persons, groups, states, etc. joined for some common purpose, a combination 同盟； 团结 Union gives strength. 团结就是力量。 n. a group of workers joined together to protect and promote their own interests, a trade union 工 会 A trade union is an organization of people who do the same job. 工会是同行业工人的组织。 Welsh n. 威尔士语；威尔士人 adj. 威尔士语的；威尔士人的 judge vt. form an opinion of 判断；评价 Don't judge a person by his appearance. 勿以貌取人。 n. a public officer appointed to hear and try cases in a court of law 法官 The judge sent the thief to prison for two years. 法官判处窃贼两年徒刑。 n. someone who decides the winner in a sport contest or competition 裁判员 Is he a judge of the sports meet? 他是运动会的裁判员吗？ queen n. a woman who rules a country; the wife of a king 女王；王后 Elizabeth Ⅱ is the Queen of England. 伊丽莎白二世是英国女王。 cigarette n. tube of paper ful of tobacco for smoking 香烟；烟卷 proof n. the act of proving the truth of a fact; a way or means of showing beyond doubt the truth of something 证明；证据 His passport is proof that he comes from Canada. 他的护照证明他是加拿大人。 own vt. to possess, to have 拥有；有 We don't rent our house; we own it. 我们的房子不是租的，是我们自己的。 adj. word that shows that something belongs to a person or thing or is a special part of something 自己的 This is my own camera, which I bought with my own money. 这个照相机是我自己的，是我用自己钱买的。 pron. sth. belongs to sb.属于某人之物 I offered him my pen,but he preferred to use his own. 我主动把我的笔递给他，可是他宁愿用他自己的。 foot n. a measure of distance 英尺（略作 ft. pl. feet） One foot (1 ft.) is 12 inches. 一英尺等于 12 英寸。 employ vt. to use (someone) as a paid worker 雇用 The factory employs two hundred people. 工厂雇用了两百人。 vt. to make use of 使用 How do you employ your spare time? 你怎样利用业余时间？ namely adv. that is to say 即；也就是 Only one boy, namely Nicholas, was late. 只有一个男孩迟到了，就是尼古拉斯。 sheet n. big piece of thin cloth for a bed 床单 I will put some clean sheets on the bed for you. 我将给你铺上干净的床单。 n. big flat piece of something thin 一张（片） Can I have another sheet of paper please? 我可以再要一张纸吗？ grain n. a small hard seed 谷物；谷类植物 We eat the grains of corn and rice. 我们吃小麦和大米。 westwards adv. = westward 向西 approach v. come near or nearer to someone or something 走近；靠近；接近 The procession slowly approached Tian An Men Square. 队伍慢慢地走近天安门广场。 n. going near or nearer to a place 靠近；临近；接近 We heard the approach of the train. 我们听见火车开过来了。 n. the way or means of reaching a place; a road, path, etc.方法；步骤；通路；通道 The best approach to learn a foreign language is the study of the spoken language. 学习外语的最好的途径是学口语。 historical adj. of past times 历史的；历史上的 Qu Yuan is a historical play written by Guo Moruo. 《屈原》是郭沫若写的一部历史剧。 the BBC World Service 英国广播公司全球服务 council n. a group of people who make laws, rules or decisions for an organization or city, etc.政务会；委员会；理事会 The council meets in the city hall. 该委员会在市政厅开会。 n. a group of persons called together to give advice, and discuss or settle questions 会议 He made a speech at the council. 他在会议上发表了讲话。 Unit 6 Life in the future Word and expressions prediction n. 预言；预报 earthquake [weather] prediction 地震预测 [天气预报] exact adj. completely right 正确的；确切的 What is the exact number? 确切的数字是多少？ forecast v. say what you think will happen 预言；预测 (forecast, forecasted; forecast, forecasted) John forecasts crowded roads at the weekend. 约翰预言周末路上交通很拥挤。 n. a statement of future events, based on some kind of knowledge or judgment 预测；预报 The weather forecast says there will be rain. 天气预报说要下雨。 glimpse n. quick, imperfect view (of sth.or sb.); short look (at sth.or sb.)一瞥；一看 catch/get a glimpse of see someone or something quickly but not clearly 一瞥；瞥见 I got a glimpse of China from the plane. 我从飞机上瞥见中国。 vt. see someone or something quickly, but not clearly 看一下；瞥见 I just glimpsed the aeroplane between the clouds. 我从云块的缝隙中瞥见了飞机。 trend n. a general direction or course 趋势；走向 The hills have a western trend. 这些山向西延伸。 n. a tendency, a drift 趋向；时尚 the new trend in women's apparel 妇女服装新趋向 contemporary adj. 当代的；现代的 contemporary literature [writers] 现代文学 [作家] adj. 同时代的[with] Byron was contemporary with Wordsworth. 拜伦和渥兹华斯是同时代的人。 indicate vt. show something; be a sign of something 表明；预示；象征 Snow indicates the coming of winter. 雪象征着冬天的来到。 urban adj. 都市的；城市的 urban life 都市生活 ensure vt. 保证；确保 The agreement ensured a steady supply of oil. 该协定保证了石油的稳定供给。 system n. a group of things or ideas which make one related whole 系统；体系 There is a big underground railway system in London. 伦敦有庞大的地下铁路网。 n. a particular form of organisation of a society, etc. 制度；体制 We have established socialist system. 我们已经建立了社会主义制度。 consumer n.[c] 消费者；用户；客户 reform vt. make better; improve the condition, character, etc. of 改革；改良 We are going to reform this law. 我们即将改革这个法律。 n. a change for the better, improvement 改革；改进 Our society needs reform. 我们的社会正需要改革。 E-commerce XI n. 电子商业；电子贸易 keep in touch with 与……保持联系 necessity n. something we must have 必需品 Food and clothing are necessities. 衣食是必需品。 n. state of being necessary 需要；必要性；必然（性） Necessity is the mother of invention. 需要是发明之母。 crowded adj. full of people, etc 拥挤的；塞满的 The tent was now a bit crowded. 帐篷这时有些挤了。 goods n. things which you can buy or sell 商品；货物 The shopkeeper delivered some goods to me this morning.今天早晨店主给我送来了一些货物。 mall n. 购物中心；步行街 purchase n. 购买 (的东西) make a good [bad] purchase 买得便宜 [贵] vt. 购买 purchase food 购买食物 tiny adj. very small 极小的 He lived in a tiny cottage. 他住在一所小茅屋里。 chip n. 芯片；碎屑；薄片 cash n. coins or paper money; not a cheque 现款 I have no cash with me; may I pay by cheque? 我身边没带钱，可以付支票吗？ remain vi. stay after a part has gone 剩下；余留下来 The town was destroyed in the war, but the library remained. 城市在战争中毁了，但是图书馆还在。 vi. stay or continue in the same place（人）逗留；留下 We all went to the theatre except John; he remained at home. 除了约翰，我们都去看戏了，他留在家里。 vi. stay or continue in the same way; not change 保持；继续是 We must always remain modest and prudent. 我们要永远保持谦虚谨慎。 pay attention to give attention to 注意 Our teachers always pay attention to combining theory with practice. 我们的老师们经常注意理论联系实际。 importance n. power; great value 重要；重要性 Oil is of great importance to industry. 石油对工业是极为重要的。 regular adj. happening again and again at the same time, usual 经常的；定期的， or at fixed times, etc.; not changing or stopping 有规律的；固定的 You should eat regular meals. 你应该定时吃饭。 adj. that follows the usual rule 规则的；正规的 A period is the regular ending for a sentence. 句点是一个句子之正规的结尾。 medical adj. of medicine, hospitals, or doctors 医学的；医疗的；医生的 The demand for medical men is urgent right now. 当前迫切需要医务人员。 deal vt. to manage; to do what is necessary 处理；对付 (dealt ; dealt) I'll deal your problems later. 我以后再处理你的问题。 deal with (of affairs) manage 处理 How will you deal with this matter? 这件事你将如何处理？ SARS [sA:s] n. (=severe acute respiratory syndrome) 严重急性呼吸道综合症 smallpox n. 天花 physician n. a doctor 医生；内科医生 cure n.[u] becoming well from an illness; making someone well 治好；痊愈 Sports provide a cure for the disease. 运动能治好这种病。 n.[c] something that will end a problem or an illness 疗法 Aspirin is a certain cure for a headache. 阿斯匹林是治头痛的妙药。 v. make a sick person well 治愈 The doctor cured the pain in my back. 医生治好了我的腰疼。 genetics n. 遗传学 biochemistry n. 生物化学 educator n. 教育工作者；教育家 distance n. the space between two places 距离；远处 The picture looks better at a distance. 这幅图远看更佳。 lifelong adj. 毕生的；终身的 a lifelong friendship [bachelor] 终身的友谊 [单身汉] hopeful adj. feeling or giving hope 抱希望的；有希望的 They feel hopeful about their future. 他们对前途充满希望。 well-prepared Z adj. 做好准备的 in store (for) saved for future use; in reserve; on hand; be about to happen 贮藏着；准备着；就 要到来 We must keep some of these in store (for next year). 我们得贮存一些(供明年使用)。 cheat v. do something that is not honest 欺骗；作弊 They cheated her into marrying him. 他们骗她与他结婚。 He cheated on (=in) the examination. 他考试作弊。 n. 欺骗行为 n.[c] someone who is not honest 骗子 wrist n. the place where the hand joins the arm 腕 I wear my watch on my wrist. 我把手表戴在手腕上。 require vt. need something 需要；要求 The plan requires careful thought. 这计划需要仔细考虑。 vt. to ask (for) 要求 All students are required to take this examination. 要求所有的学生都参加这次考试。 identify vt. say or show who someone is or what something is 认出；识别；鉴定 Can you identify your brother in this picture? 你能在这张照片上认出你哥哥吗？ Program(me) vt. 制作…的节目；计划 old-fashioned adj. 老式的；过时的 reality n. what is true 现实；实际；真实 This is not imagination but reality. 这不是空想，而是现实。 imitate v. copy someone or something; try to do the same as someone or something else 模仿；仿效 A parrot imitates the human voice. 鹦鹉模仿人说话的声音。 v. make a likeness of; make or do something closely resembling; reproduce 仿制 The workers imitate a diamond with crystal. 工人们用水晶仿造钻石。 virtual adj.实质上的；事实上的；实际上的 He was the virtual leader of the movement. 他是该运动实际上的领袖。 absurd adj. 荒谬的；不合理的 an absurd claim 一个荒谬的/不合理的要求 lifelike adj. 栩栩如生的；逼真的 definition n. group of words that tell what another word means 定义；解释；限定 You should give a definition. 你应该下个定义。 Unit 7 Living with disease Words and expressions live with to put up with; learn to accept 忍受；顺应 I disliked the situation but had to live with it. 我不喜欢这种状态但必须忍受它。 deadly adj. likely to kill people or animals 致命的 Cancer is a deadly disease. 癌是一种致命的疾病。 imaginary adj. not real,only in the mind 不真实的；想象中的；虚构的 It isn't real--it's only imaginary. 那不是真的，那只不过是想象出来的罢了。 narrative n. story or tale; orderly account of events 叙述；讲述 My narrative ends. 我的叙述结束了。 adj. in the form of narrative 叙述的；叙述体的 He is a writer of great narrative power. 他是个叙述手法高超的作家。 quiz n.[c] game where you try to answer questions 问答比赛；知识测验 I'm going to have a physics quiz tomorrow. 明天我们将进行物理测验。 false adj. wrong, not true, lying 假的；不真实的；错误的 The thief gave a false name to the police. 小偷给警察报了个假名字。 infect vt. give a disease to someone 传染；感染 My brother has infected me with a bad cold. 我哥哥把重感冒传染给我。 infection n. illness 传染病；感染 The mosquito communicates infection. 蚊子传染病菌。 inject vt. put medicine, etc, into the body with a special needle 注射 He injected my arm with penicillin. 他给我的手臂注射盘尼西林。 virus n.[c] 病毒 a virus disease 病毒引起的疾病 transmit vt. send over; pass through, pass on 传送；传播 The news will be transmitted by radio. 这消息将由电台播送。 via prep. by way of 经由 He flew to Europe via the North Pole. 他经由北极飞到欧洲。 prep. by means of 凭借 The Olympics were telecast live via satellite. 奥运比赛经由人造卫星做实况转播。 route n.[c] a way to go; a road or course to travel from one place to another 路；路线 Which route did you choose? 你挑选了哪条路？ blood n.[u] red liquid flowing through the body 血；血液 Blood was trickling from his mouth. 鲜血从他嘴里一滴一滴地流出来。 n.[u] family; birth; descent 血统 They're near in blood. 他们血统相近。 prevention n. 预防；阻止 Prevention of disease is very important. 预防疾病是很重要的。 persuade vt. make someone believe or do something by talking to him 说服；劝导； I have persuaded him to give up smoking. 我已说服了他戒烟。 heroin n. 海洛因 immune adj. [对传染病、病毒等] 免疫的；有免疫 (性) 的[to, from] be immune to [from] smallpox 对天花有免疫力的 defenseless adj. 无防备的；不设防的 a defenseless city 不设防的城市 illness n. the state of being ill; disease 病；疾病 He is suffering from a serious illness. 他身患重病。 treatment n. way of curing an illness; doctor's care 疗法；治疗 She is now under(medical) treatment. 她现在正在治疗中。 n. way you behave towards someone or something 对待；处理 We received good treatment. 我们受到很好的款待。 unprotected sdj. 无保护的；无防卫的 sex n. the difference between male and female 性；性别 Write down your name, age and sex. 把你的姓名、年龄和性别写下来。 adj. 性的；与性有关的 transfusion n. 输血；输液 (a) blood transfusion 输血 contract vt. 染上(疾病、习惯等) vi. to make a contract 缔结（合同） He has contracted for the building of the house of 20,000 dollars. 他以二万元承揽建造这幢房子。 die of stop living because of something 因…致死；病(饿、冻)死 In old days, my father died of hunger and cold. 在旧社会，我父亲死于饥寒交迫。 lack n. not be enough 缺乏；不足 He cannot do the work for lack of skill. 由于缺乏技术，他不能做这项工作。 v. not have something important or necessary 缺乏；欠缺 We lacked both time and money. 我们缺少时间和金钱。 proper adj. right, correct 恰当的；合适的 It must be done in the proper way. 这件事必须以恰当的方式来做。 available adj. ready for use or service 可用的；有效的 They have tried all available means to open the door. 他们曾试用所有有用的方法来开这门。 discourage vt. make someone lose hope 使失去信心；使泄气 Though the village was hit by a big flood the villagers were not discouraged. 村子虽然遭了严重水灾，可是村民们并不气馁。 cheer v. shout to show that you are pleased 欢呼；喝采 The crowds cheered as the old man ran to the finish. 老人跑到终点，人群欢呼起来。 v. make someone happy 使高兴；使快慰 He was encouragingly cheered by the crowd. 人群向他发出令人鼓舞的欢呼。 n.[c] 欢呼；喝采 The curtain went up amid cheers. 幕在欢呼声中升起。 cheer (...) up become more cheerful 高兴起来；振作起来 Every one of us cheered up at the news that the experiment had proved a complete success. 一听到实验完全成功的消息，我们大家都高兴起来。 become happy; make someone happy 高兴；使振奋 I tried to cheer her up by telling her the news. 我把这消息告诉了她，想使她高兴起来。 suffer from v. experience something painful, unpleasant, sorrow or grief 遭受（痛苦、不幸、疾 病等） He is suffering from toothache. 他牙正痛。 network n. a netting or net; any system of lines that cross 网；网状系统 specialist n.[c] expert; someone who knows a lot about something 专家 n.[c] doctor who knows a lot about one part of the body or one sort of disease 专科医生 curable adj. 可医治的；医得好的 meaningful adj. 富有意义的；意味深长的 a meaningful glance 意味深长的一瞥 defensive adj. protecting; defending 保卫的；防御的 They were on the defensive. 他们采取守势。 fierce adj. strong and dangerous 激烈的； 凶猛的 There was some fierce fighting. 发生了激烈的战斗。 invisible adj. that cannot be seen 看不见的 Wind is invisible. 风是看不见的。 stranger n. someone whom one does not know 陌生人；新来者 They never talk to strangers. 他们从不跟生人谈话。 diagnose vt. to discover the nature of (a disease) 诊断 The doctor diagnosed my illness as smallpox. 医生诊断我的病为天花。 sample n.[c] small piece that shows what the rest is like; one example of a group of things 样品；范例 The salesman showed some samples of dress material. 店员展示一些布料样品。 cell n. a very small division of a living matter 细胞 All animals and plants are made up of cells. 一切动植物都是由细胞构成的。 n. 小房间；单人牢房 disrupt vt. 扰乱；破坏 contagious adj. 传染的；感染的 radiation n.[c] something radiated; the energy thus sent out in the form of waves or particles 放射物；辐射线 A metal called uranium gave off a kind of radiation. 一种叫铀的金属会发出一种射线。 n.[u] the act or process of radiating; esp. the sending out of radiant energy, as from radio-active substances 辐射 the radiation of heat from a stove 热量从火炉放出 strength n. the quality of being strong in body or mind 体力；精力 The little boy hasn't the strength to lift that heavy box. 这小男孩没有那么大力气把那个很重的箱子提起来。 recover v. become well, happy, etc. again 恢复；复原 I hope you will soon recover. 希望你早日康复。 fighter n. a person that fights a person that is able or eager to fight 战士；斗争者 The two fighters will meet next week for the boxing championship. 那两位拳击运动员将在一周进行比赛争夺冠军。 contrary adj. opposed; opposite 相反的 He has a contrary opinion (idea, etc.) 他有一个相反的看法（想法）。 on the contrary strong words to show that the opposite is true 正相反；恰恰相反 'You look ill, Ben.' 'On the contrary, I feel fine!' “本，你看上去好像病了。” “恰恰相反，我感觉非常好！” for the moment 暂时；目前 free from not having something 没有…的；不受……的影响 You are free from care. 你无忧无虑。 category n.[c]分类；种类；部门 They were put into two categories. 他们被分成两个部门。 Unit 8 First aid Words and expressions aid n. help; something that gives help 帮助；援助 This new dictionary is a great aid to me. 这本新词典对我很有帮助。 vt. give help to 援助；救助 The classmates aided him in his English study. 同班同学帮助他学习英语。 first aid (to sb) (对某人进行)急救 drown vi. die in water because you cannot breathe 淹死；溺死 The little girl fell into the lake and drowned. 小女孩掉进湖里淹死了。 vt. kill someone or something by putting it in water 把…淹死 He was drowned in the river. 他在河里淹死了。 bleed vi. lose blood 流血；失血 Your arm is bleeding, put a bandage on it. 你的手臂在流血，用绷带包扎一下。 choke vi. be unable to breathe 窒息；哽/呛住 (fig.) choke with anger. （喻）怒气哽喉 vt. stop the breath of (an animal or person) by pressing the throat or by blocking it up 使窒息；使 哽呛住 He choked the child to death. 他扼死那小孩。 ink n.[u] coloured liquid for writing and printing 墨水；油墨 You must write it in ink. 你必须用墨水书写。 wire n. a long thread of metal 金属线；电线 Electricity moves along wires. 电流沿着电线运动。 catch fire 着火；燃烧 container n. something into which you can put things 容器；集装箱 Baskets, boxes, bottles and bags are all containers. 篮子、盒子、瓶子和提包都是容器。 electrical adj. concerning electricity 电的；与电有关的 Robert is an electrical engineer. 罗勃特是一个电气工程师。 upside n. the upper side 上边；上部 The upside of a coin usually has a head on it. 硬币正面常有个头像。 upside down 颠倒着；倒转着 scream v. to cry out loudly in fear, pain or anger, etc.尖叫 She screamed when she saw a snake. 她看见一条蛇，尖声大叫起来。 n. loud cry or noise 尖叫；尖锐剌耳的声音 Then came an excited scream of joy. 然后发出一声狂喜的尖叫声。 witness vt. see something happening 目击；目睹 He witnessed a murder. 他亲眼目睹一起谋杀案件。 n.[c] someone in a law court who tells about what he saw 证人；目击者 The witness said he heard the shots. 证人说他听到了枪声。 keep in mind 记住 calm adj. quiet; still; not stormy or windy; not stirred up; peaceful 安静的；平静的；无风 浪的；不激动的 The policeman was very calm after the accident. 事故发生以后警察很镇静。 v. make or become calm(使)平静；(使)镇定 The familiar uniform calmed him. 熟悉的（解放军）服装使他安静下来了。 panic v. to act in fear 使恐慌；十分惊慌 The children panicked. 孩子们十分惊恐。 n. strong fear that spreads quickly and makes people do wild things 恐慌；惊慌 The crowd ran out in a panic. 群众惊惶失措地跑出去。 ambulance n.[c] special van that carries people who are ill or hurt 救护车；流动 医院 We'll send the ambulance to pick him up. 我们要派一辆救护车把他接走。 response n. 回答；应答 make no response 不回答；不回应；不应答 n. 反应 She got [received] little response from the audience. 听众对她几乎没什么反应。 conscious adj. awake and knowing what is happening 神志清醒的；有知觉的 The police cannot speak to him because he isn't conscious. 因为他神志不清，警察无法跟他谈话。 adj. known to oneself; having the power of feeling perceiving and thinking 自觉的；有意识的 Man is a conscious being. 人类是有意识的。 unconscious adj. 失去意识的；无意识的；昏迷的 He fell/became unconscious. 他失去意识/昏迷了。 airway n. 呼吸道；航道；航空公司 (=airlines) British Airways 英国航空 (公司) tip v. move something so that it leans to one side; lean to one side（使）倾斜 The boat tipped dangerously. 船危险地倾斜着。 slight adj. small; not important or bad 微小的；轻微的 I have a slight headache. 我的头有点痛。 chest n.[c] 胸；胸腔 circulate vi. go round; pass from place to place; move round in a course 流通；循环； 传播 Blood circulates through our bodies. 血液在我们体内循环。 circulation n. the act of going round; circulating 流通；循环；传播 An electric fan keeps the air in circulation. 电扇使空气流通。 pulse n. beat of the heart that you feel in different part of the body 脉搏 The nurse felt the pulse in his wrist. 护士在他的手腕上号脉。 wound n.[c] a damaged place in the body (usually by a gun or a sword)创伤，伤口（一 般指枪伤或刀伤） It was a very serious wound, so we took him to the hospital. 伤势很重，因此我们把他送到医院去。 revive vt. 使…复活；使…苏醒 He managed to revive the half-drowned girl. 他总算使那个快淹死的女孩活了过来。 recovery n. a return to health or one's ordinary condition 痊愈；复原 He made a quick recovery. 他康复得很快。 chin n. the front of the lower jaw 下颏；下巴 The beard grows too fast on the chin. 下巴的胡子长得太快。 roll over 翻转；倒转 blanket n.[c] a woolen cloth be used on bed to keep warm 毛毯；毯子 It was very cold in the tent; I had to hide my face under the blanket. 帐篷里很冷，我只好把脸缩在毯子里。 motorcycle n. 摩托车 weave vt. 编织 (wove, weaved; woven, wove, weaved) A spider weaves a web to catch prey. 蜘蛛为捕猎昆虫而织网。 sudden adj. happening quickly and unexpectedly 突然的；忽然的；意外的 There was a sudden change in the weather. 天气突然变了。 adj. quick; hasty 快的；匆忙的；立刻的 Then the crowd disperses all of a sudden and I don't know what's up. 然后人群突然散开，我不知道发生了什么事情。 SOS n.[c] 遇难 [求救] 信号 in honour of to show you think a lot of someone 向…表示敬意；为庆祝…；为纪念… There is a party tonight in honour of the new chairman. 为向新主席表示欢迎将举行晚会。 bite n. cutting something with teeth 咬；一口（食物） Alan took a bite from her apple. 阿兰咬了一口苹果。 n. some place on skin made by teeth 咬伤 It is a mosquito bite. 蚊子叮的疙瘩。 vt. cut something with the teeth 咬 (bit; bitten, bit) The dog has bitten my leg. 狗咬了我的腿。 vt. sting 螫；叮 I was bitten in the leg by a mosquito. 我腿上被蚊子叮了一口。 tap n. sort of handle that you turn to let water, gas, etc. come out of a pipe 开关；龙头 When you want a bath, you turn on the tap. 当你要洗澡时，打开水龙头。 loose adj. free; not tied, etc. 松的；松散的 I tied the boat to the tree but it has come loose. 我把船系在树上，可后来松开了。 bandage n. 绷带；包扎带 explanation n. the act of explaining 解释；说明 After repeated explanation the students understood. 经过反复的解释，学生们总算明白了。 kit n.[u] set of tools that a workman has for his job 工具袋；用品箱 in case of 假使；以防 thermometer n. [c] 温度计；寒暑表 flashlight n.[c] an electric hand light（美）手电筒 You can see this for yourself by experimenting with a flashlight. 你自己用一个手电筒试验一下就会明白。 n.[c] a light that goes on for taking photos indoors 闪光灯 a list of 一张……的清单 Unit 9 Saving the earth Words and expressions ecology n. 生态；生态学 coal n. 煤；煤炭 issue n. 发行（物）；（报刊）期号；问题 v. 发行；发表；颁布 environmentalist n. 环保人士 summarize v. 概括；总结 content n. what is contained in something 内容；目录 What are contents of this trunk? 这箱子里是些什么东西？ n. the amount contained 容量；含量 Its carbon content is 4%. 炭的含量是百分之四。 R X adj. happy; pleased 快乐；满意 Don't be content with such a small success. 不要满足于这样小的成功。 vt. satisfy 使满意；使满足 We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only. 我们切不可满足于仅仅有一点书本知识。 the United Nations 联合国 representative n. someone whose job is to say or do something in the name of other people 代表；代理人 I have the honor to have been sent as their representative. 我很荣幸被派来作他们的代表。 adj. serving as an example; typical 有代表性的；典型的 Beijing is a representative Chinese city. 北京是一个典型的中国城市。 South Africa 南非 sustainable adj. 可持续的；能维持的 killer n.[c] 杀人者；凶手；致命之物 contaminant vt.& n. 弄脏；污染 sanitation n. 公共卫生；环境卫生 access n. 接近；进入 [to] Few men have direct access to the King. 很少人能接近国王。 n. 通路；入口[to] an access to the bus station 通往巴士站的路 rural adj. (对都市 (urban) 而言的) 乡下的；乡村的；田园的 rural life 田园 [乡村] 生活 poverty n.[u] being poor 贫穷；贫乏 In the old society, the labouring people suffered from poverty and illness. 在旧社会，劳动人民贫病交加。 violence 名词 n. violent action 暴力(行为) You find a lot of violence in some American films. 有些美国电影里有大量的暴力行为。 n. the state of being violent 猛烈；强烈 The wind blew with great violence. 风猛烈地吹着。 take part in 参加…；参与… premier n.[c] 总理；首相 stress v. speak firmly to show that what one is saying is important 强调；着重 Mum stressed that Jacky should be home by ten o'clock. 妈妈强调，杰基一定要在十点钟之前回家。 n. pressure; compelling force 压力；紧张 His vacation freed him from the stress of his job. 他的假期使他消除了工作所带来的紧张。 equality n. the state of being equal 同等；平等 In some countries black people do not have equality with white people. 在某些国家黑人没有和白人同等的权利。 fairness n. 公平；公正 It is in fairness to you 这对你很公道。 responsibility n. 责任；职责 [for, of, to] I will take the responsibility of [for] doing it. 我会负责做那件事。 cooperation n. the act of cooperating 合作；协作 We work in perfect cooperation. 我们工作十分协调。 prosper vi. 兴隆；繁荣 His business has prospered. 他的生意兴隆。 take action 采取行动 What action are we going to take? 我们准备采取什么行动？ air conditioner 空调 willingness n.[u] 乐意；心甘情愿 I expressed my willingness to support the cause. 我表示乐意支持该项运动。 harmony n. 和谐；调和 in [out of] harmony (with...) (与…) 协调 [不协调] put an end to 结束 wipe vt. to make dry or clean with cloth, etc. 擦；揩 The blackboard has been wiped clean. 黑板擦干净了。 wipe out clean the inside of something 清洗……内部 Wipe out the bath before you use it. 使用浴盆前先把里面擦洗干净。 kill people; totally destroy a place, etc. 消灭；彻底摧毁 The earthquake wiped out many villages. 地震摧毁了许多村庄。 per prep. for each; in each 每；每一 My car can go 140 kilometres per hour. 我的汽车每小时能跑一百四十公里。 alternative adj. (二者之间)只能选其一的；二者任择其一的 We have two alternative courses, surrender or death. 我们只有两条路,投降或死亡。 adj. 可替换的；可供选择的 We have no alternative other. 我们毫无选择余地。 n.[c]二者之间的选择；二者选一 You have the alternative of riding or walking. 你可以在坐车和步行中选择一种。 n.[c] 可供选择的办法/替换物 I had no alternative but to accept the offer. 我除了接受该项提议之外,别无选择。 car-pooling X iN 合伙用车 defend vt. speak or write to help someone in trouble 为…辩护 He had a good lawyer to defend him. 他有一个好律师为他辩护。 vt. guard someone or something; fight to keep away dangerous things or people 防守；保卫 The people defended the town against the foreign invaders. 人民保卫城镇，抵抗外国侵略者。 incorrect adj. not correct; wrong 不正确的；错误的 To say 2+2=5 is incorrect. 说二加二等于五是不正确的。 affect vt. produce a result; affect on; influence 产生效果；影响 Hot weather affects his health. 炎热的天气影响他的健康。 vt. touch the heart of; work on the feelings of 使感动；被感动 His speech affected the audience deeply. 他的讲话深深打动了听众。 vt. (of diseases) attack（指疾病）侵袭；感染 His lungs are affected. 他的肺部有病。 advise vt. to tell somebody what you think he should do 劝告；建议 Who is the best man to advise me on the question? 在这个问题上谁作我们的参谋最好？ advise sb (not) to do sth 劝某人(不)做谋事 I advise him to wait. 我建议他等待。 Unit 10 Frightening nature Words and expressions frightening iN adj. 令人恐惧的；可怕的 hurricane n. 飓风 threat n.[c] 恐吓；威胁 Wild life is under threat everywhere. 野生动物到处受到 (灭绝的) 威胁。 on end standing on one end, standing (unnaturally) upright 竖着；直立 Place the box on end. 把箱子竖着放。 terrify vt. make someone very afraid 恐怖；吓唬 The thunder terrified the small children. 雷声把小孩吓坏了。 erupt v. burst out 喷发；爆发 Smoke and flames came out of the volcano as it erupted. 火山爆发时，浓烟和火焰一起喷了出来。 eruption n. 爆发 bury vt. put a person or thing in the ground, in a grave, etc.埋葬；掩埋 The place is the ground where a dead person is buried. 这里是埋葬死者的地方。 vt. hide in the ground; cover up 掩蔽；隐藏 He buried his head in his hands. 他两手捂/抱着脑袋。 ash n. powder that is left after something has burnt 灰；灰烬 The house was burned to ashes. 这所房子烧成灰烬了。 mud n.[u] soft, wet earth 烂泥；稀泥 After the football match Philip was covered with mud. 足球赛完了，菲力普浑身是泥。 draw one’s attention (to) 吸引某人的注意 rise vi. become higher or more 上升；增涨 (rose; risen) The sun was rising when we got to the top of the mountain. 太阳出来时我们来到了山顶。 vi. get out of bed 起床 When do you rise in the morning? 你早上什么时候起床？ spot n. place 地点；场所 The policeman ran to the spot immediately. 警察立即跑到了现场。 n. small, round mark 点；斑点 A tiger has stripes and a leopard has spots. 老虎身上有条纹，而豹有花斑。 n. dirty mark 污点；疵点 There were black spots all over it. 这上面到处是黑点。 vt. see someone or something 认出；出现 He spotted his friend in the crowd. 他在人群中认出了他的朋友。 dirt n.[u] mud, dust, or anything not clean 污物；泥土；肮脏 Your cap is covered with dirt. 你的帽子满是灰尘。 sight n. something that one sees 情景；景象 After the fire, the house was a terrible sight. 大火之后房子简直惨不忍睹。 n. the distance over which one can see 视线；眼界 The school is in sight. 学校可以看见了。 n. something that is seen 瞥见 Out of sight, out of mind. （谚）眼不见，心不想。 n. seeing 视力 She wears glasses because she has bad sight. 她戴眼镜，因为她视力不好。 at hand 不远；快到；在身边 Spring was at hand. 春天快到了。 He is always at hand to help me. 他随时在近旁帮助我。 courage n.[] the ability to face danger or difficulty without fear 勇气；胆量 Trevor showed great courage when he saved the child from the burning house. 特里弗在烈火中把孩子从屋里抢救出来时表现得非常英勇。 flee v. run away 逃；逃走 The enemy had fled (from) the village when our men arrived. 我们的人到达时，敌人已逃离村子了。 urge vt. try and make a person or animal do something 催促；力劝；强烈要求 They urged him to action. 他们催促他采取行动。 n. strong wish 迫切欲望；强烈要求 I was afraid of the boy and I had an urge to run away from him.我害怕那个男孩，我很想跑开。 arrival n. 到达；抵达[at, in] On his arrival at the airport, he called a taxi. 他一到飞机场就叫了计程车。 calm down become calm (使)平静下来 He is terribly excited. We must try to calm him down. 他激动得厉害，我们必须想法使他平静下来。 bath n. big basin where you sit to wash yourself 澡盆；浴缸 Clean out the bath. 请把澡盆清理干净。 n. washing the whole body 洗澡 We love to take cold baths in winter. 我们喜爱在冬天洗冷水澡。 bathe vi. swim or play in the sea, river, etc. (在河或海里)洗浴；游泳；弄湿 Let's go bathing in the river. 我们到河里去洗澡吧。 pillow n. a soft thing on which you rest your head when you sleep 枕头 daylight n.[u] time when it is light 白昼；日光；黎明 The milkman was up before daylight. 天亮前送奶人就起床了。 sulphur n. 硫磺 immediately adv. at once; without delay 立即；立刻；马上 Please answer my question immediately. 请立刻回答我的问题。 fresh adj. new and clean 新鲜的 These vegetables are fresh from our garden. 这些蔬菜是刚从我们的菜园摘下的。 adj. new, not used 新的，未用过的 Is there any fresh news? 有什么新消息吗？ farewell int. 再见! 一路平安! (farewell 比 good-bye 文言,且为旧式的说法) web n. 网；网络 inch n.[c] measure of length 英寸 There are 12 inches in a foot. 一英尺等于十二英寸。 n.[c] small amount 少量 board n. 船舷；木板；边缘 on board 上船/车/飞机； 在船/车/飞机上 barometer n.[c] 气压计；晴雨表 knock about 连续打击；冲击；碰撞 steamship n. 汽船；轮船 all of a sudden suddenly 突然地；冷不防 unbelievable adj. 难以置信的；不可信的 It is unbelievable that he did it for himself. 他独力做了那件事,真是令人难以置信。 live through experience and survive 度过；经受住 She has lived through two world wars. 她经历过两次世界大战。 crash n.[c] an accident; two things coming together hard 碰撞；坠毁； There was an airplane crash last week. 上周有架飞机坠毁。 big noise when something falls, breaks, etc. 破裂(声) n. [c] I heard crash as the tree fell. 树倒下来时我听到哗啦一声响。 ton n. measure of weight(=1,016 kilograms) 吨（一吨＝1,016 公斤） In some countries, one ton is 1,000 kg. 在有些国家里一吨等于一千公斤。 deck n. floor of a ship or bus 甲板；舱面 The wave swept over the deck. 海浪冲刷着甲板。 as though as if; as it would be; if 好像；仿佛 He speaks as though he understood. 他说话的口气就象他已理解了似的。 waterfall n.[c] a place in a river where water falls along way over rocks 瀑布 In spring there are many waterfalls on the mountain. 春天山上有许多瀑布。 uncomfortable adj. not comfortable 不舒服的；不自在的 He felt uncomfortable with foreigners. 他与外国人在一起感到不自在。 aloud adv. in a loud voice 大声地 He shouted aloud for help. 他大声呼救。 adv. speaking so that people can hear 出声地 It is far better to read aloud than to read in silence. 朗读远胜于默读。 reading n. 读数；阅读；读物 puff n. a short, quick movement of air or smoke 喷；吹；噗的一声；一阵/股 A puff of wind blew out the candle. 一阵风吹熄了蜡烛。 swear v. make a strong promise; promise in the name of god 发誓；咒骂 (swore; sworn) He swore to speak the truth. 他宣誓要说实话。