通用版2021高考英语一轮复习考点一冠词练习含解析

通用版2021高考英语一轮复习考点一冠词练习含解析

专题一　语法基础 考点一　冠词 限时25分钟 一、用适当的冠词填空，不需要填冠词的画“/”‎ ‎1．________ tiger is ________ dangerous animal.‎ 答案：A/The; a　句意：老虎是一种危险的动物。第二空表泛指用a；表种类可以用a/an或the，tiger的首字母发音为辅音音素，第一空用A/The表示类指均可。‎ ‎2．Jim, ________ student, is studying hard.‎ 答案：a　a student作为同位语使用，表泛指，对Jim进行解释说明。‎ ‎3．I don't think the experiment is ________ failure. At least we have gained ________ experience for future success.‎ 答案：a; /　failure表示“失败”的概念时，是不可数名词；表示具体的“失败的人或事物”时，则为可数名词。类似的单词还有：danger, surprise, pleasure, success, honour, difficulty等。experience作“经历”讲时，是可数名词；作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词。‎ ‎4．George couldn't remember when he first met Mr Anderson, but he was sure it was ________ Sunday because everybody was at ________ church.‎ 答案：a; /　句意：乔治不记得他是什么时候初见安德森先生的，但是他确定那是一个星期天，因为大家都在做礼拜。第一空用a表示泛指；at church “做礼拜”，at the church “在教堂”。‎ ‎5．Of the two poems, I like the shorter one better. I think it's really ________ most interesting one.‎ 答案：a　该空泛指一首非常有趣的诗。most相当于very，表示“非常”。‎ ‎6．Exploring ________ space is exciting, yet dangerous.‎ 答案：/　space意为“太空”时是抽象名词，其前不用冠词。‎ ‎7．There was ________ chair by the window. On ________ chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.‎ 答案：a; the　句意：窗户旁边有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一个婴儿。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词a；第二空指上文提到的那把椅子，应用定冠词the。‎ ‎8．All the fellow workers were shocked by the news that Bob was appointed ________ director of the factory.‎ 答案：‎ - 14 -‎ ‎/　句意：所有工友对于鲍勃被任命为工厂主管的这一消息感到很震惊。表职位或官衔的名词作补语时，前面多不带冠词。‎ ‎9．I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.‎ 答案：the; a　句意：我无法告诉你去往威尔逊家的路，因为我们村子里没有一个叫威尔逊的人。way后面有介词短语作定语，是特指，因此way前应用定冠词；表示人名的专有名词Wilson在此泛指“一个叫威尔逊的人”，所以其前用不定冠词。‎ ‎10．Tom is ________ taller of the two boys.‎ 答案：the　当用于比较级前表示“两者中较……的”时，应用定冠词the。‎ ‎11．I fell in love with the city ________ first time I came here.‎ 答案：the　句意：我第一次来这里的时候就爱上了这座城市。在序数词first前应用定冠词the。‎ ‎12．The man caught the thief by ________ arm.‎ 答案：the　句意：那人抓住了小偷的胳膊。“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位”为固定结构，故应填the。‎ ‎13．He was born in ________ 1990s when his mother worked in a factory.‎ 答案：the　句意：他出生于二十世纪九十年代，那时他的母亲在一家工厂工作。the 1990s “二十世纪九十年代”，在表示世纪、年代的词前应用定冠词the。‎ ‎14．It was ________ great shock to the girl when word came that her close friend died in the severe earthquake of Haiti.‎ 答案：a　shock意为“震惊；打击”，此处被形容词great修饰，是抽象名词具体化的用法，表示“一件很震惊的事”，所以用不定冠词。‎ ‎15．________ Mr Li is now waiting for you on the first floor.‎ 答案：A　不定冠词用于姓名或姓氏前表示泛指，意为“有个；某一”。‎ ‎16．You'd better go abroad by ________ plane so as to get there earlier.‎ 答案：/　表示交通工具的名词与by连用时，名词前不用冠词。‎ ‎17．We have no classes on ________ Sunday, so we often go to play ________ football.‎ 答案：/; /　句意：我们星期日不上课，因此我们经常去踢足球。表示星期、球类运动的名词前通常不用冠词。‎ ‎18．________ moon travels around ________ earth.‎ 答案：The; the　句意：月亮围着地球转。表示世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the。‎ ‎19．Telling Chinese stories well is ________ effective way to raise ________ influence of Chinese culture.‎ 答案：an;‎ - 14 -‎ ‎ the　句意：讲好中国故事是提高中国文化影响力的有效途径。effective是一个元音音素开头的单词，前面使用an; influence后面有定语of Chinese culture，故特指中国文化的影响力。‎ ‎20．In ________ era when everyone is from the media, the Internet live broadcast area needs to maintain integrity and become a window into good social trends.‎ 答案：an　句意：在一个每个人都来自媒体的时代，网络直播需要保持它的诚实性和成为一个通向良好社会趋势的窗口。空格后面的era是一个元音音素开头的单词，且此处表泛指，故填an。‎ ‎21．You might not hear any gunshot, but the US has started war against China—________ biggest trade war in economic history.‎ 答案：the　句意：你可能没有听到枪声，但是美国已经发动了对中国的战争——经济史上最大的贸易战。形容词最高级前面应用the。‎ ‎22．In my opinion, we should head east, though the arrow on the sign points to ________ west.‎ 答案：the　方位词east, west, south, north等既可以用作副词也可以用作名词。该句head east结构中， east用作副词，修饰动词head。空格处在介词to之后， west在此用作名词。方位名词前通常用定冠词the。‎ ‎23．Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.‎ 答案：a; the　句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的事情阻碍了。第一空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二空in the way是固定搭配，意为“挡道”或“阻碍”。‎ ‎24．Last weekend I went fishing with ________ Smiths. We had a good time.‎ 答案：the　句意：上周末，我和史密斯夫妇去钓鱼了。我们玩得很高兴。姓氏的复数之前用定冠词the表示一家人或夫妇俩。‎ ‎25．The website asks visitors to join in the movement to reduce ________ number of illiterate people in the world.‎ ‎26．Many Internet users make ________ most of the halfprice promotion and it is a good opportunity for online shopkeepers to get their names known. ‎ 答案：the　句意：许多网络用户会最大限度地利用半价销售活动，并且这对于网络商家来说也是一次让他们的店铺出名的好机会。 make the most of “充分利用”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎27．Studies in China have shown that a person who can write well should have ________ good knowledge of between 3,000 and 4,000 characters.‎ 答案：a　句意：在中国的研究证明一个能够写得好的人，应当熟练地掌握3,000到4,000个汉字。have a good knowledge of “精通，熟练掌握”，为固定搭配。‎ - 14 -‎ ‎28．The more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes. ‎ 答案：the　“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”为固定结构，表示 “越……，越……”。‎ ‎29．Mr Smith asked you to repeat ________ phone number ________ second time so that he could set it down. ‎ 答案：the; a　第一空特指双方都知道的东西，要用定冠词the；第二空表示“再一次”，要用a second time。‎ ‎30．The Spring Festival is ________ special holiday for most Chinese when the whole family will get together. ‎ 答案：a　句意： 春节对于大多数中国人来说是个特殊的节日，那时全家人会聚在一起。 holiday作“假日，节日”讲时是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。‎ 二、单句改错 ‎1．Miss Zhang teaches the physics to all the students from different grades in the school. ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉第一个the　此处physics “物理”，是一个表学科的名词，前面不用冠词。‎ ‎2．I have learned it for almost half month. ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：half后加a　此处表示“半个月”应该使用half a month。‎ ‎3．It is not rare in 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：1990s前加the　在表示世纪、年代的词前要加定冠词the。‎ ‎4．The building was set up in a September of 1990.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：a→the　此处特指1990年的9月，故应用定冠词the。‎ ‎5．A beggar though Bob is, he is generous to the poor.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：A beggar→Beggar　当though/as引导让步状语从句且从句中的表语前置时，如果表语是单数可数名词，前面的冠词要省去。‎ ‎6．On the Earth Day, my classmates and I decided to do something for our school. ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉the　Earth - 14 -‎ ‎ Day是一个节日名词，前面通常不加冠词。少数节日前面加the，如农历八月十五中秋节(the MidAutumn Festival)，农历九月初九重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。‎ ‎7．But in that case, we will learn little about world.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：world前加the　句意：但是，在那种情况下，我们对世界的认识就会很少。world前通常加定冠词the，表示特指。‎ ‎8．We had wonderful supper in a small Indian village.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：wonderful前加a　表示三餐的名词前一般不用冠词，但是当表示三餐的名词前有修饰语时，前面需加不定冠词。‎ ‎9．We can use the library around a clock since it opens 365 days a year and 24 hours a day. ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：第一个a→the　此处around the clock “昼夜不停”，是一个固定词组。‎ ‎10．Apples are sold by the weight and coal is sold by the ton.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉第一个the　the常用于表时间或度量单位的名词前，如：by the hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但是size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。‎ ‎11．At that time, I was having a trouble studying English and my scores fell. ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉a　此处have trouble (in) doing sth. “做某事有困难”，是一个固定词组。‎ ‎12．I have been a English guide for two years after graduation. ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：a→an　此处English是一个元音音素开头的单词，故将a改为an。‎ ‎13．His father is so talented that he is a teacher and a poet.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉第二个a　句意：他的父亲如此多才多艺，既是位老师又是位诗人。如果两个名词指同一个人或物，那么这两个名词共用一个不定冠词。‎ ‎14．Remember you only have one chance, that is, you will never get the second one. ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：the→a　此处a用在序数词前面表示“又一，再一”的意思。‎ ‎15．The secondhand car is still in a good condition.‎ - 14 -‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉a　in good condition “状况良好”，为固定搭配，中间不用冠词。‎ 不定冠词和定冠词 一、不定冠词的用法 ‎1．不定冠词后面的单词的发音是以辅音音素开头时，不定冠词用a。例如：a student, a European country。而不定冠词后面的单词的发音是以元音音素开头时，不定冠词用an。例如：an apple, an honest boy。‎ ‎2．表类别或泛指。‎ A child needs not only food and clothes, but love as well.‎ ‎3．当抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时(即抽象名词具体化)，前面用不定冠词。‎ The party held last weekend was a great success.‎ ‎4．表示“一”或“每一”概念。‎ Tom drives his car at 60 miles an hour.‎ ‎5．表示不明身份或说话人不清楚的人或事物。常译作“一个叫……的人/物”。‎ A Smith called you just now.‎ ‎6．不表示比较意义的形容词最高级前可用不定冠词。‎ ‎ Hiking is a most interesting outdoor activity.‎ ‎7．不表示顺序而是表示“又一，再一”的序数词前用不定冠词。‎ They have a second house in the country.‎ ‎8．knowledge/grasp/command/collection/understanding等抽象名词后接of ... 时，前面用不定冠词。‎ He has a good knowledge of English.‎ ‎9．独一无二的事物前有修饰成分时可用不定冠词。‎ a full moon一轮满月　a brandnew world一个崭新的世界 ‎10．表示三餐、星期、月份、季节等的名词前有形容词修饰或表示特定含义时前用不定冠词。‎ ‎ I remember it was on a rainy Monday that he left his hometown.‎ ‎11．不定冠词的特殊位置：‎ 不定冠词与such/what连用时，习惯上置于它们之后；当一个单数可数名词前有rather/quite修饰时，不定冠词习惯上放在这些词之后。‎ I never meet such a kind teacher like her.‎ It was rather a success.‎ 二、定冠词的用法 - 14 -‎ ‎1．特指双方都知道的或上文中提到的人或物。‎ What a pity that you couldn't be there to receive the prize!‎ ‎2．用在形容词或分词前，表一类人或物。‎ ‎ Many of the injured are still in a serious condition.‎ ‎3．用在姓氏名词的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。‎ I paid a visit to the Turners last week.‎ ‎4．用在方位名词、西洋乐器名词和宇宙中独一无二的事物前。‎ the east东部　play the piano弹钢琴 the universe宇宙　the moon月亮 ‎5．用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)、最高级和形容词only, very (恰好的), same前。‎ It's the first time that I have been to China.‎ Which story is the more interesting of the two?‎ We were the only people there.‎ ‎6．用于固定结构“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位”中。‎ hit sb. in the face/on the nose 打某人的脸/鼻子 ‎7．用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。‎ The foreigners who come to China all want to travel to the Great Wall.‎ ‎8．用在表示世纪、年代的词前。‎ The book was published in the 1980s.‎ ‎9．the用于表示时间或度量单位的名词前，如：by the hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但是size/weight/time这些名词跟by连用时不加冠词。‎ Workers are usually paid by_the_hour.‎ These goods are sold by_weight.‎ ‎10．用在江、河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前。‎ The Yangtze River is what I want to visit most.‎ 定冠词用法口诀 特指、熟悉和重提，复数姓氏、最高级；‎ 独一无二和年代，序数词、方位和乐器；‎ 普通名词专有化，固定结构要牢记。‎ 三、含有冠词的某些固定短语 make the best/most of 充分利用 by the way 顺便说一下 - 14 -‎ in the way 挡道 on the spot 在现场 on the whole 总的来说 all of a sudden 突然 for the time being 暂时 in a word 总而言之 do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙 in a low voice 低声地 in a hurry 匆忙 限时25分钟 一、用适当的冠词填空，不需要填冠词的画“/”‎ ‎1．(2019·浙江高考)Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in ________ action in Europe.‎ 答案：/　action意为“战斗；作战”时，为不可数名词，killed in action为固定表达，意为“阵亡”。‎ ‎2．(2019·天津高考)Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as ________ people and as ________ nation.‎ 答案：a; a　句意：了解历史对于我们作为一个国家和民族认识自我是至关重要的。这里用不定冠词表示“某类人或物”。‎ ‎3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to ________ bathroom.‎ 答案：the　go to the bathroom “去洗手间”，为固定表达。‎ ‎4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Learning English as ________ second language can be a painful experience.‎ 答案：a　此处意为“把英语作为一门第二语言来学习”，表示“一种”，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎5．(2020·贵阳市普通高中高三年级摸底考试)In the library, books on history are my favorites, from which I get a better understanding of human civilization and ________ progress in China and abroad.‎ 答案：/　progress意为“进步”，为不可数名词，故其前不能用不定冠词。‎ ‎6．(2020·合肥市高三调研性检测)Payne's selfless act make ________ news across the country.‎ 答案：/　news为不可数名词，故前面不加冠词，make news “制造新闻”。‎ - 14 -‎ ‎7．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.‎ 答案：the　根据后面的“past 25 years”可知，是在过去的25年的时间内，属于特指的时间，故填the。‎ ‎8．(2019·广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered ________ apology of his own.‎ 答案：an　此处空格后面的apology的首字母发音以元音音素开头，根据语境，强调给予他个人的道歉，故使用an。‎ ‎9．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)We may think we're ________ culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new.‎ 答案：a　a culture泛指一种文化。‎ ‎10．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Many of us love July because it's ________ month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance.‎ 答案：the　后面的when引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词month，属于特指的一个月份。‎ ‎11．(2018·北京高考)When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was ________ battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. ‎ 答案：a　句意：当我30多岁开始跑步的时候，我意识到跑步是一场对抗自己的战役，不是一场竞争，与我是否健壮也没多大关系。此处a表示“一场，一次”，具有数量的意思。‎ ‎12．(2018·天津高考)Relearning ________ art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.‎ 答案：the　句意：重新学习观察我们周围世界的艺术非常简单，尽管这需要练习并要求改掉一些旧习惯。特指“……的艺术”，故使用the。‎ ‎13．(2018·浙江高考)They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use ________ same reusable bags for years.‎ 答案：the　根据空格后面的same可知，前面使用定冠词the。‎ ‎14．(2018·江苏高考)In ________ 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted (享有) a special meat soup called consommé.‎ 答案：the　年代和世纪前面使用定冠词the，属于固定用法。‎ ‎15．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate ________ first annual International Jazz Day.‎ 答案：the　序数词前要用定冠词the表示顺序。‎ ‎16．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I got a rescue call from ________ woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground.‎ - 14 -‎ 答案：a　此处第一次提到woman，表泛指，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎17．(2019·大连六校联考)I consider myself very lucky because I was ________ only one of my friends who had his dad around.‎ 答案：the　only前一般用定冠词，表示“唯一的”。‎ ‎18．(2020·惠州市高三第一次调研)Last Friday, ________ class meeting was held. Some parents were invited, including my father and mother.‎ 答案：a　此处表泛指，表示“举行了一次班会”，又class的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。‎ ‎19．(2019·浙江高考)He finds old military (军队的) medals for ________ sale in antique stores and on the Internet.‎ 答案：/　for sale意为“出售；待售”，为固定短语。‎ ‎20．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)With shinning dark eyes, he seems like ________ kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.‎ 答案：the　此处特指“who would enjoy public speaking”的小孩，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎21．(2019·河南省巩义市高中毕业班模拟)To ease the worldwide communication among nations, we should create ________ common language and provide courses of it.‎ 答案：a　句意：为了缓解世界上各个国家之间的交流障碍，我们应该创建一种共同的语言，并提供课程。此处表示泛指一种共同的语言，故使用a。‎ ‎22．(2020·石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试)It also publishes literary works, but mainly short stories and poems, as well as humorous sketches (小品) and its unique style of ________ New Yorker cartoons.‎ 答案：the　某些报刊杂志的名称前要加定冠词the，the New Yorker 《纽约客》。‎ ‎23．(2019·厦门模拟)Rosy came in for ________ coffee and told me the firecrackers outside kept her awake last night.‎ 答案：a　句意：罗西进来点了一杯咖啡，告诉我昨晚外面的鞭炮声吵得她一直睡不着。coffee为不可数名词，但是当表示“点餐”时，可以用a coffee, two coffees代替a cup of coffee, two cups of coffee，故此处用不定冠词。‎ ‎24．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Developed by two doctors in ________ US Department of Agriculture, it's ________ excellent water collector.‎ 答案：the; an　US Department of Agriculture是由普通名词构成的专有名词，前面用定冠词the; collector是单数可数名词，并且表泛指，且excellent的发音以元音音素开头，故前面用不定冠词an。‎ ‎25．(2017·浙江高考)For Pahlsson, its return was ________ wonder.‎ 答案：a　此处wonder属抽象名词具体化，前面要用a。a wonder指“一个奇迹”。‎ - 14 -‎ ‎26．(2019·肇庆市蓝精灵中学高三月考)If you are interested in ________ certain article or you think it of great importance, you can download and store it for future use.‎ 答案：a　空格后面的certain表示“某种，某一”，通常与不定冠词a连用，构成a certain修饰后面的名词。‎ ‎27．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I'm facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.‎ 答案：the　at the top of one's lungs意为“声嘶力竭”，此处表示大猩猩声嘶力竭地发出吼叫声。故填the。‎ ‎28．(2019·中央民大附中月考)Besides, you can just put the contents of the basket into your suitcase if you are in ________ hurry to leave for the airport.‎ 答案：a　句意：此外，如果你急于赶赴机场，你可以把篮子中的东西放进你的行李箱。此处be in a hurry to do sth.是固定短语，意为“急于做某事”。‎ ‎29．(2020·惠州市高三第一次调研)This year's festival will include ________ record of 190 films from 50 countries, including 110 premieres (首映)．‎ 答案：a　句意：今年的电影节将创造一个记录，收到来自50个国家的190部电影报名，其中110部是首映。根据句意可知，填不定冠词a。‎ ‎30．(2019·浙江高考)Zachariah Fike has ________ unusual hobby.‎ 答案：an　此处泛指“一个不平常的爱好”，又因unusual的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。‎ 二、单句改错 ‎1．(2018·天津高考)When I was 17, I read the magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：第一个the→a　根据句意，此处表示当“我”17岁的时候，“我”在一本杂志上读到一篇文章，a在此处表示泛指，故改为a。‎ ‎2．(2018·北京高考)A possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：A→The　介词短语of selfdriving robot cars作possibility的后置定语，起修饰限定的作用，故将A改为The，表示特指。此处特指无人驾驶机器人汽车的可能性。‎ ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Wang serves as the head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA)．‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ - 14 -‎ 答案：去掉第一个the　此处head of the Architecture Department “建筑系主任”，是一个头衔，表示职位和头衔的名词前面不需要定冠词the。‎ ‎4．(2018·江苏高考)Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on the social media for their sense of selfworth, a major study warned.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉the　“social media”是一个抽象名词，前面一般不使用冠词，故去掉the。‎ ‎5．(2018·浙江高考)The cars that drove American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：American前加the　American Dream前面一般使用the。‎ ‎6．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：the→a　句意：作为一个孩子，我爱看动画片。此处是泛指而非特指，故将the改为a。‎ ‎7．(2017·北京高考)Many people who live along the coast make the living in fishing industry.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：第二个the→a　句意：许多住在沿海地区的人靠渔业为生。make a living “谋生”，为固定短语。‎ ‎8．(2017·江苏高考)In 1963 the UN set up a World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：a→the　句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，它的目标之一就是消除世界上的饥饿。因为世界粮食计划署是普通名词构成的专有名词，故用the。‎ ‎9．(2017·江苏高考)Working with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as the doctor.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：最后一个the→a　as a doctor “作为一名医生”，“a/an＋名词(单数)”表类别。‎ ‎10．(2019·天津高考)However, technology is also an application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：an→the　application为抽象名词，此处特指“对科学知识的运用”，故application前应用定冠词the。‎ - 14 -‎ ‎11．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You can use me as the last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：the→a　句意：您可以将我作为最后的选择，如果没有其他志愿者，那么我将做。此处没有特指或比较的含义，只是表达“一个最后选择”，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎12．(2020·陕西省第一学期摸底检测)But it is pity that there are a lot of people who don't know the importance of time.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：pity前加a　It is a pity that ... “……是很可惜的”为固定句式。‎ ‎13．(2019·西宁市四中一模)Weighing too much can damage your health, and obesity is the growing problem for both kids and adults around the world.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：第一个the→a　此处表示泛指，意思是“一个日益严重的问题”，故使用不定冠词a。‎ ‎14．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to the close.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：第二个the→a　come to a close “结束；终止”，为固定用法。‎ ‎15．(2020·南昌市重点中学高三年级段考)Besides, taking a bike is environmentally friendly means of transport.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：is后加an　means of transport意为“交通方式”，此处表示“骑自行车是一种环境友好型交通方式”，需要用不定冠词；且environmentally的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。‎ 零冠词 一、零冠词 ‎1．物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、国名、人名前通常不用冠词。‎ By getting close to nature,_you can really get refreshed.‎ school, hospital, church等词表示抽象意义时，其前常不用任何冠词；但是当这些词表示场所时要加冠词。‎ He is very ill and has to go to hospital. ‎ I am going to the_hospital to visit a sick friend.‎ ‎2．不可数名词、复数名词表泛指或类指时。‎ - 14 -‎ It isn't worthwhile spending so much time on minor problems.‎ Bicycles are still a popular means of transport in China.‎ ‎3．名词前已有限定词时。‎ His car is much more expensive than mine.‎ ‎4．表示三餐、球类、棋类、学科、季节、年、月、星期等的名词前。‎ He has milk and bread for breakfast every day.‎ Of all the subjects, I like physics best.‎ Autumn is a harvest season.‎ ‎5．在称呼或表示官衔、职位的名词前，不加冠词。‎ Mr Smith was elected president of our school.‎ ‎6．as, though引导的让步状语从句中的表语置于句首且表语是单数可数名词时。‎ Boy as/though he is, Justine has traveled to quite a few countries.‎ ‎7．与by连用的表示交通工具和通讯方式的名词之前。‎ It's quicker by_air than by sea. ‎ I sent the letter by_airmail. ‎ ‎　‎ 二、含有零冠词的某些固定短语 lose heart 灰心 on business 出差 out of work 失业 on holiday 度假 at risk 有危险 on fire 失火 under repair 处于维修中 heart and soul 全心全意 in danger 处于危险中 in (out of) order 秩序井然(无序)‎ at dusk/noon/dawn/daybreak/midnight 在黄昏/正午/黎明/拂晓/午夜 零冠词用法口诀 代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数。‎ 学科交通三餐饭，季节星期月份前。‎ 棋类球类语言前，称呼习语和头衔。‎ as/though倒装较特殊，零冠词用法要记全。‎ - 14 -‎