湖南师大附中2020届高三4月适应性测试英语试题 Word版含解析

湖南师大附中2020届高三4月适应性测试英语试题 Word版含解析

- 1 - 2020 届高三适应性训练 1 英语试题 本试题卷分为听力、阅读理解、语言知识运用和写作四个部分，共 14 页。时量 120 分钟。满 分 150 分。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。 第一节 (共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍 。 例： How much is the shirt? A．￡19.15. B．￡9.18. C．￡9.15. 答案是 C。 1. What will the man do next? A. Give Sam a call. B. Find an expert. C. Buy a computer. 2. What does the woman want to be now? A. A singer. B. A doctor. C. A teacher. 3. How will Sophie spend her weekend? A. Doing her job. B. Staying at home. C. Visiting her friend. 4. Where did the woman buy her shoes? A. In a store. B. In a supermarket. C. On the Internet. 5. What's the relationship between the speakers? A. Friends. B. Salesman and customer. C. Boss and employee. 第二节(共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后， 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. Who did the man go on holiday with? A. His parents. B. His friends. C. His relatives. - 2 - 7. Where didn't the man go? A. Edinburgh. B. St. Andrews. C. Highlands. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。 8. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. In a school. C. At a bank. 9. What does the woman do at last? A. Check her account. B. Open a savings account. C. Open a checking account. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. What did the man drink? A. Tea. B. Juice. C. Cola. 11. What was the cause of the man’s problem? A. He ate too much. B. He needed exercise. C. He didn't sleep well. 12. How often should the man take the pills a day? A. Once. B. Twice. C. Three times. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. What is William doing at the beginning of the conversation? A. Reading a book. B. Watching a video. C. Looking at Facebook. 14. What are the speakers discussing? A. Why Steve Jobs started his company. B. How Steve Jobs felt about his company. C. How the name the Apple Computer came from. 15. How many reasons does Tammy mention? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. 16. What did Steve Jobs think of the company name? A. He thought the name was funny. B. He thought the name was too simple. C. He thought the name represented his company well. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 - 3 - 17. What did Ulysses S. Grant do for Yellowstone National Park? A. He gave it a name. B. He signed a law to protect it. C. He made it larger than before. 18. What activity is popular in Yellowstone? A. Rock climbing. B. Camping. C. Fishing. 19. In what state is the main attraction located? A. Wyoming. B. Montana. C. Idaho. 20. What is located under Yellowstone Lake? A. Colorful rocks. B. Green mountains. C. A volcano. 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Christmas may be the time of year for giving and spending time with loved ones, but not everyone feels an overwhelming sense of joy when festivities begin. Thousands of Reddit users have revealed the things they hate about Christmas. PETER: It causes a heavy financial burden. “Having to spend a substantial (大量的、实质的) amount of money on family members. I have to buy gifts for my grandparents, my parents, my siblings, my wife’s parents and her siblings, the dogsand one cousin, because we do Secret Santa amongst the cousins. I love Christmas, but it costs me too much!” MCCAIN: Exams ruin everything. “In the UK we have our exams in January so that your Christmas holiday can be used to study. I didn’t have an enjoyable break until I finished university.” SUSAN: Awkward family gatherings. “Having everyone point out that I’m still single at family gatherings as if I’m unaware.” JANET: Choosing presents. “I don’t really want items anymore, so I don’t expect anything on Christmas, - 4 - but I am expected to give gifts, but I usually just don’t know what to give.” ELIZABATH: Shopping hell. “I hate the way people act when shopping for Christmas. It’s almost like Black Friday every weekend at the big stores.” JACKSON: Feeling like you have to buy presents. “The pressure of buying gifts. Can’t we just enjoy each other’s company without comparing who bought the better stuff?” Mr Green: Christmas jingles. “I pretty much can’t stand most Christmas music.” Prof Smith: It’s too commercial. “The commercialization of it. Even as an atheist (无神论者), I think the Christ part has been taken out of it.” Dr Martin: Putting up decorations too early. “People put up Christmas decorations way before Christmas.” CAROL: The office Christmas party. “My office Christmas party. We have to pay to go and it’s so boring. Saying that you don’t want to attend is like pulling teeth.” 1. Who is possibly forced into a marriage? A. Dr. Martin. B. JACKSON. C. SUSAN. D. PETER. 2. What do JACKSON and JANET have in common? A. They hate to spend much money on Christmas gifts. B. They have to give gifts to everyone in the family. C. They are happy to compare gifts while purchasing. D. They are faced with the problems caused by gift giving. 3. What do we know from the passage? A. Exams follow the Christmas holiday in Britain. B. Christmas music makes too much noise. C. People are clear about what Christmas gifts to buy. D. Colleagues enjoy their office Christmas parties a lot. - 5 - 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 【解析】 这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，数千名 Reddit 用户通过个人举例，说明讨厌圣诞节的原因 。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。由 SUSAN 所讲的话 Having everyone point out that I’m still single at family gatherings as if I’m unaware.(让所有人在家庭聚会上指出我还是单身，好像我不知道似 的)可知，SUSAN 可能会被迫结婚。故选 C 项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。由 JANET 所说的话 I don’t really want items anymore, so I don’t expect anything on Christmas, but I am expected to give gifts, but I usually just don’t know what to give. (我真的不想再买东西了，所以我对圣诞节什么都不期望，但我应该送礼 物，但我通常只是不知道该送什么)及 JACKSON 所讲的话 The pressure of buying gifts. Can’t we just enjoy each other’s company without comparing who bought the better stuff?(买礼物的压力。我们就不能在不比较谁买了更好的东西的情况下享受彼此的陪伴吗？ )可推断出，他们两位都因为礼物带来的问题而困扰。故选 D 项。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。由 MCCAIN 的说话中 In the UK we have our exams in January so that your Christmas holiday can be used to study. I didn't have an enjoyable break until I finished university.(在英国，我们一月份有考试，这样你的圣诞假期就可以用来学习了。 直到大学毕业，我才有一个愉快的假期)可知，在英国 1 月份是考试时间，而圣诞节是 12 月 25 日，所以在英国考试是在圣诞节之后进行的。故选 A 项。 B A girl, who made headlines around the world when she survived almost two weeks alone in the Siberian wilderness, has won a Russian children’s beauty contest for her bravery. Karina Chikitova, who clung (抱着) on to her loyal puppy, fought to stay alive in a forest full of brown bears and wolves. The promising ballerina celebrates her 10th birthday on Boxing Day and has already won the Mini Miss Yakutia contest. In August 2014 she was found after a dozen days and nights lost in the remote taiga, sleeping on a bed of long grass and eating wild berries to stay alive. Karina - 6 - had followed her father into the woods but he had no idea she was trailing him. Then just four years old, she hugged her puppy Naida for warmth in the shivering (颤抖 的) cold before the dog found its way home to a remote village, urging rescuers not to give up, and to go and find the little girl. Karina’s trial was seen as so remarkable that a statue was erected (竖起) of her and the dog in regional capital Yakutsk. A popular children’s book was also written about her, and her fame as a Mowgli seems to have led this remote village girl to amazing new opportunities. Karina was “excited” after she easily won the Mini Miss contest in a social media poll for her rare experience when she was little, making her a young ambassador for Yakutia, Russia’s diamond region, the coldest inhabited place in the world. She is seen as a promising ballerina, already studying full time in Yakutsk, some 350 miles from her home. “I want to become a ballerina and dance Swan Lake,” she said. “I have also learned how to play the piano.” Bilingual Karina is doing well at school, where she has a talent for maths, and is learning English to add to her fluent Yakut and Russian. When she was found, her rescuer said: “She was sitting deep in grass, completely silent. I didn’t actually notice her. She saw me and stretched her arms forward. I picked her up. She was dead scared.” Later Karina said: “It was Naida who rescued me. I was really scared. But when we were going to sleep I hugged her, and together we were warm.” 4. How did the girl get lost in the wildness? A. She traced her father there but he was not aware of it. B. She was forgotten there by her careless father. C. She followed her little dog and lost the way. D. She loved running around and got lost. 5. Why did the girl win the Children’s beauty contest? A. Her exceptional talent in ballet dancing. B. Her whole-hearted devotion to academic performance. C Her inspiring survival in the wildness.. - 7 - D. Her impressive charm and prettiness. 6. What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A. Karina was highly thought of by the public. B. A best-seller became Karina’s favorite. C. A statue was built in honor of Karina’s hometown. D. A handsome amount of money was awarded to Karina. 7. Which words can best describe this girl? A. Courageous and hesitant. B. Confident and honest. C. Arrogant and fortunate. D. Diligent and ambitious. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. A 7. D 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Karina Chikitova 在西伯利亚荒野中独自生存了近两周，这引 发了全世界的关注。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。由第二段的 Karina had followed her father into the woods but he had no idea she was trailing him.(卡丽娜跟着她父亲进了树林，但他不知道她在跟踪他)可知，父 亲并不知道女儿跟着来了，所以是被粗心的父亲遗忘了。故选 A 项。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段的 A girl, who made headlines around the world when she survived almost two weeks alone in the Siberian wilderness, has won a Russian children’s beauty contest for her bravery.(一个女孩在西伯利亚荒野中独自生存了近两个星期，成为了全世 界的头条新闻，她因勇敢赢得了俄罗斯儿童选美比赛)可知，是因为她在荒野中鼓舞人心的生 存和勇敢，让她赢得了比赛。故选 C 项。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段的 Karina’s trial was seen as so remarkable that a statue was erected ( 竖 起 ) of her and the dog in regional capital Yakutsk. A popular children’s book was also written about her, and her fame as a Mowgli seems to have led this remote village girl to amazing new opportunities.(卡丽娜的尝试被视为是如 此引人注目，以至于在该地区首府雅库茨克为她和这只狗立了一座雕像。一本很受欢迎的关 于她的儿童读物也被写了出来，而她作为莫格利人的名声似乎让这个偏远的乡村女孩获得了 - 8 - 惊人的新机会)可知，卡丽娜受到公众的高度评价。故选 A 项。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。由最后一段的“I want to become a ballerina and dance Swan Lake,” she said. “I have also learned how to play the piano.” Bilingual Karina is doing well at school, where she has a talent for maths, and is learning English to add to her fluent Yakut and Russian.”(“我想成为一名芭蕾舞演员和舞蹈天鹅湖，”她说。“我还学 会了弹钢琴。”双语的卡丽娜在学校表现很好，她在数学方面很有天赋，她正在学习英语， 以增加她流利的雅库特语和俄语)可知，小女孩想成为芭蕾舞女演员，并且在努力学习钢琴、 数学和英语。由此可知，小姑娘是勤奋的、有抱负的。故选 D 项。 C Connie Monroe clicks a button, turns her wrist and watches as her neighborhood floods. The reed-covered shorelines are first to go. Then, the baseball fields at Fleming Park. By the time seawater reaches the senior center, it has covered streets, flooding more than a dozen complexes that she can see. Monroe moves her head up and down, side to side, taking in the simulated (模拟的) view. This is what could happen to Turner Station, a historic African American community, as sea levels rise. “Everything’s underwater. The school is underwater. Our house is underwater,” Monroe says. A frown (皱眉) forms below the virtual reality headset. “Is the water really supposed to get that high?” Climate change presents many challenges to coastal communities, but one of the most worrisome problems is: how do you show people — and convince them — of a possible future? “It’s one thing to hear or read the news that sea levels could rise as high as 7 feet in Maryland by the end of the century under worst-case situations, but it’s another to imagine what that will look like in your own backyard,” says Jackie Specht, the coastal science program manager. “And if it’s hard to imagine, it’s hard to face and prioritize.” Communicating the realness and immediacy of the climate threat is important to climate researchers and those aiming to prevent its causes. But it’s also paramount - 9 - to communities faced with coming changes that are already unavoidable. Climate projects need public support and input. That’s why Monroe and other residents at this recent community meeting are being directed to sit in metal chairs, put on virtual reality headsets and watch their homes flood. Virtual reality is an immersive (沉浸式的) experience that can trick the human brain into thinking it’s real. But tricking people is not the goal of the sea level rise simulation being used at Turner Station, says Juliano Calil, one of the program’s developers. The goal, he says, “is to help folks visualize the impacts of climate change and the solutions, and also discuss the trade-off between them.” 8. What would you see in Turner Station as sea levels rise? A. Shorelines covered by reeds. B. Baseball fields used as parks. C. Streets blocked with bricks. D. Buildings drowned in water. 9. What does Jackie Specht suggest in Paragraph 5? A. People are relatively safer in their backyards. B. People don’t feel on the scene through the news. C. The severity of disaster is beyond imagination. D. The sea level is bound to rise 7 feet in Maryland. 10. Why is the virtual reality experience provided in the community meeting? A. To prove climate threat. B. To seek public backing. C. To help scientific research. D. To introduce VR technology. 11. Which of the following best explains the underlined words “the trade-off” in the last paragraph? A. The balance. B. The conflict. C. The business. D. The similarity. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，由于气候变化导致海平面上升会给人类带来严重后果，但人 们没意识到严重性，所以采用 VR 技术，让人们身临其境，提醒人们保护环境。 【8 题详解】 - 10 - 细节理解题。由第二段的 By the time seawater reaches the senior center, it has covered streets, flooding more than a dozen complexes that she can see.(海水到达高级中心时，已 经覆盖了街道，淹没了她能看到的十几个建筑群)可知，当海平面上升的时候，Turner Station 的建筑都将被淹没在水中。故选 D 项。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。由第五段 Jackie Specht 的话 It’s one thing to hear or read the news that sea levels could rise as high as 7 feet in Maryland by the end of the century under worst-case situations, but it’s another to imagine what that will look like in your own backyard(听到或看到最坏情况下马里兰州的海平面可能在本世纪末上升到 7 英尺的消息 是一回事，但想象一下在你自己的后院会是什么样子则是另一回事)可知，他认为在新闻上听 到或看到关于海平面上升的报道是一码事，想象自家后院将遭受的影响是另外一码事。由此 推断出，新闻并不能给居民一种身临其境的感觉。故选 B 项。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。由倒数第三段 Climate projects need public support and input. That’s why Monroe and other residents at this recent community meeting are being directed to sit in metal chairs, put on virtual reality headsets and watch their homes flood.(气候项 目需要公众的支持和投入。这就是为什么在最近的社区会议上，门罗和其他居民被指示坐在 金属椅上，戴上虚拟现实耳机，看着他们的家里洪水泛滥)可知，之所以在社区提供 VR 体验， 是寻求公众的支持。故选 B 项。 【11 题详解】 词义猜测题。由最后一段 The goal, he says, “is to help folks visualize the impacts of climate change and the solutions, and also discuss the trade-off between them.”(他 说，目标是“帮助人们直观地看到气候变化的影响和解决方案，并就它们之间的 the trade-off 进行讨论。”）可知，the trade-off between them 中的 them 指的是 the impacts of climate change 和 thesolutions，联系上下文，可推断应该是在气候变化的影响和解决方案之间进行 权衡。由此推知，划线词组意为“权衡”。故选 A 项。 D From talking robots to driverless vehicles, technology has become so advanced that the previously impossible seems to occur on a daily basis. And yet-we still have no cure for the common cold. - 11 - Why can't we stop the common cold? According to Peter Barlow, a scientist at Edinburgh Napier University, the main challenge lies in the many different types of cold viruses that belong to the rhinoviruses(鼻病毒). There are at least 160 types.They mutate(突变) so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems. In other words, a single cure isn't likely to work on every type of cold. However, researchers from Stanford University and the University of California, San Francisco, have found a possible answer. They discovered a protein(蛋白质) that the viruses need. All the viruses were unable to replicate(复制) inside cells without a gene that produces a specific protein called SETD3. To identify the gene which produces the specific protein, researchers used a gene-editing technique to test all genes in the human genome (基因组). Namely, they randomly disabled a single gene in each of the cells, so that the cells lacked one or another of every gene in our genome. These genetically modified cells were then exposed to the rhinoviruses, which cause the common cold. The team then looked at which gene was missing in cells that continued to grow. As it turned out, the one that stood out was SETD3, which makes a protein of the same name. Carette said the plan is to find a drug which can temporarily disable the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans. “We have identified a fantastic target that all rhinoviruses require and depend on. Take that away and the virus really has no chance,” said Carette. 12. Which does Peter Barlow think is a problem for fighting the common cold? A. The poor immunity of patients. B. The large variety of viruses. C. The lack of enough cures. D. The side effects of drugs. 13. What do we know about the gene-editing study in Paragraph 4? A. All genetically modified cells survived B. Some genes in our genome were ignored C. It located the gene responsible for SETD3 D. It exposed the harm of the rhinoviruses. 14. How should we stay away from the common cold according to Carette? - 12 - A. Apply gene-editing to human genes B. Avoid contacts with colds patients C. Prevent cold viruses from mutating D. Develop a drug to switch off SETD3 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Potential defense found for cold viruses B. Secrets behind the human genes C Real causes of the common cold D. Puzzles over rhinoviruses solved 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 【解析】 本文为说明文。技术已经变得如此先进，以前不可能的事情似乎每天都在发生。不过我们仍 然没有治愈普通感冒的方法，然而来自斯坦福大学和加州大学旧金山分校的研究人员找到了 一个可能的答案。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段 the main challenge lies in the many different types of cold viruses that belong to the rhinoviruses(鼻病毒). There are at least 160 types.They mutate(突变) so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems.可知彼得·巴洛认为病毒种类繁多是对抗普通感冒存在的问题，故 选 B。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句 The team then looked at which gene was missing in cells that continued to grow. As it turned out. the one that stood out was SETD3, which makes a protein of the same name.可知，研究发现了 SETD3 蛋白基因，故选 C。 【14 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“We have identified a fantastic target that all rhinoviruses require and depend on. Take that away and the virus really has no chance,” said Carette.可知，根据 Carette 的观点，我们可以开发一种药物来消除 SETD3，从而远离普通的 感冒，故选 D。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意。通读全文，尤其根据第二、三段的来自斯坦福大学和加州大学旧金山分校的研究， 可知本文主要讲述对感冒病毒的可能的防御方法，故选 A。 第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) . - 13 - 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A new device is helping those who are blind to see. It does this in a new way by helping them experience the world around them. The technology is called Orion, manufactured by a company called Second Sight. ___16___ From being able to see absolutely nothing to suddenly seeing little flickers of light, the blind can move around alone, telling where a doorway is and where the sidewalk begins or ends. ___17___ One is a small device placed in the brain. There is also a video camera on sunglasses and a processing device carried in a person’s clothes. When the user points the camera, a signal goes to the processor and then back to the glasses. The glasses then communicate wirelessly with the device in the brain. The information causes a pattern to develop in the part of the brain called the visual cortex (皮 质). ___18___ And it all happens in seconds. Jason Esterhuizen is one of just two people in the U.S. testing this technology. He lost his eyesight after a car accident. He never thought he would be able to see light or movement again. But with the movement of a switch, his world suddenly grows brighter. ___19___For example, it is easier and safer for him to cross the road because he can look down and just follow the white line that's painted on the road. Researchers believe that one day this technology could benefit people who have lost their vision because of illnesses like glaucoma (青光眼) or diabetes. ___20___ A. It may also help those with poor vision or who were born blind. B. The new technology generally uses several parts. C. He is amazed to have the functional vision again. D. It is meant to help these people regain some independence. E. He can do everyday activities that he once could not. F. In this way, users detect movements and shapes of light. G It basically performs the functions of what the eye normally does. 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. E 20. A 【解析】 【分析】 . - 14 - 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款新的技术设备，它可以使盲人重获光明。 【16 题详解】 由下一句“从什么都看不见，到突然看到微弱的闪光，盲人可以独自走动，分辨门口在哪里， 人行道的起点或终点在哪里。”可知，承接下文，D 选项“这意味着能帮助这些人重新获得一 些独立。”切题；该选项中的 some independence 对应下文中的 the blind can move around alone 等。故选 D 项。 【17 题详解】 由下两句“一个是放在大脑里的小装置。太阳镜上还有一个摄像机和一个在衣服上携带的处 理设备。”可知，承接下文，B 选项“这项新技术一般由几个部分组成。”切题；该选项中的 several parts 对应下文中的 a small device，a video camera 和 a processing device。故选 B 项。 【18 题详解】 由上文三句话“当用户指向相机时，一个信号进入处理器，然后返回眼镜。然后，眼镜与大 脑中的设备进行无线通信。这些信息导致大脑中称为视觉皮层的部分形成一种模式。”可知， 此处介绍这种技术设备是如何运转的，承接上文，F 选项“通过这种方式，用户可以检测光的 运动和形状。”切题；该选项是上文的结果。故选 F 项。 【19 题详解】 由上一句“但随着一个开关的移动，他的世界突然变得更加光明。”和下一句“比如说，他 过马路比较容易，也比较安全，因为他可以向下看，只需顺着马路上画的白线走。”可知， 承接上下文，E 选项“他能做他以前做不到的日常活动。”切题；该选项中的 everyday activities 对应下文中的 cross the road。故选 E 项。 【20 题详解】 由上一句“研究人员相信，有一天，这项技术可以帮助那些因青光眼或糖尿病等疾病而丧失 视力的人。”可知，承接上文，A 选项“它也可以帮助那些视力差或天生失明的人。”切题； 该选项中的 also help 对应上文中的 benefit。故选 A 项。 【点睛】第一、通读全文，了解文章大意。这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为 以后的理解做铺垫。 第二、明确关联关系。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文 都有联系。例如第 1、2 小题都与它们的下文有联系。 第三、带入通读，复查。 - 15 - 做完题目切忌直接离开，这时我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看做一片行 文通顺语意连贯的文章来读，这时如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空， 就要复查了，注意：七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫做“ 连错”，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其它空。 第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。 The term “the imaginary audience” was invented by American child psychologist David Elkind in 1967. It is defined as a psychological state in an adolescent, ___21___ by the belief that people around are eagerly watching or listening to him or her. This is because ___22___ are aware of the physical changes ___23___ in their bodies. And they are ___24___ concerned with how everyone is ___25___ these changes. The ___26___ of the imaginary audience are common. Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look ___27___ to others. Or they would follow different ongoing ___28___ that may help them fit into society. If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion, teens would___29___ like that just to give a good ______30______ on their imaginary audiences. Teens also worry about the ______31______ mistakes they make in social settings. A blackhead could make an adolescent girl ______32______ all day as she feels that she is being watched and ______33______. ______34______, in reality, there are only a small percentage of people who are actually interested in how somebody else ______35______. Though “the imaginary audience” is considered to be a ______36______, it is a natural process in which an adolescent tries to develop a better understanding of his or her ______37______ with the world. As an individual's perception (理解) of the world ______38______, he or she will gain more ______39______ viewpoints on his or her roles among people, rather than imaginary ones. Thus, the effects of imaginary audiences will gradually ______40______. 21. A. misled B. held C. driven D. represented - 16 - 22. A. adults B. teenagers C. elders D. professors 23. A. occurring B. fighting C. hiding D. meeting 24. A. suddenly B. gradually C. strongly D. randomly 25. A. viewing B. facing C. accepting D. making 26. A. causes B. requirements C. examples D. results 27. A. elegant B. plain C. sweet D. smart 28. A. events B. trends C. tips D. principles 29. A. dress B. behave C. talk D. live 30. A. comment B. assessment C. impression D. instruction 31. A. strangest B. biggest C. fastest D. slightest 32. A. wonder B. relax C. sweat D. laugh 33. A. judged B. refused C. attracted D. reported 34. A. Therefore B. However C. Moreover D. Instead 35. A. sounds B. feels C. smells D. looks 36. A. disorder B. relief C. pity D. blessing 37. A. competition B. association C. comparison D. satisfaction 38. A. reduces B. shows C. works D. matures 39. A. narrow B. permanent C. realistic D. personal 40. A. run out B. fade away C. set in D. come back 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. D 39. C 40. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，假想观众的定义、特点和影响。 【21 题详解】 - 17 - 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它被定义为青少年 一种心理状态，表现为相信周围的人都在热 切地注视或倾听他或她。A. misled 误导；B. held 拿着；C. driven 开车；D. represented 表 现、代表。由语境可知，本句是“假想观众”的定义，其主要特征表现为：认为周围的人热 切地关注/倾听他或她。故选 D 项。 【22 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是因为青少年意识到他们身体的变化。A. adults 成年人；B. teenagers 青少年；C. elders 老人；D. professors 教授。由上文的 a psychological state in an adolescent 可知，此处指青少年意识到他们身体内发生的变化。故选 B 项。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是因为青少年意识到他们身体的变化。A. occurring 发生；B. fighting 斗争；C. hiding 躲藏；D. meeting 见面。由语境可知，此处指青少年意识到他们身 体内发生的变化。故选 A 项。 【24 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们强烈地关心每个人是如何看待这些变化的。A. suddenly 突然 地；B. gradually 渐渐地；C. strongly 强烈地；D. randomly 随意地。由语境可知，本句继 续讲述原因，即青少年强烈地关注所有人是如何看待这些身体变化的。故选 C 项。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们非常关心每个人是如何看待这些变化的。A. viewing 看待； B. facing 面对；C. accepting 接受；D. making 使……。由语境可知，此处指青少年强烈地 关注所有人是如何看待这些身体变化的。故选 A 项。 【26 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：假想观众的例子很常见。A. causes 原因；B. requirements 需求 ；C. examples 例子；D. results 结果。由语境可知，本段介绍了“假想观众”存在的例子。 故选 C 项。 【27 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：十几岁的孩子会不断地换衣服，让别人觉得自己整洁而漂亮。 A. elegant 优雅的；B. plain 清楚的，朴素的；C. sweet 甜美的；D. smart 整洁而漂亮的、 衣着讲究的。由本句 Teens would repeatedly change their clothes 以及语境可知，青少年勤 换衣服是为了看起来整洁而漂亮。故选 D 项。 【28 题详解】 的 - 18 - 考查名词词义辨析。句意：或者他们会跟随不同的发展趋势，这些发展趋势帮助他们融入社 会。A. events 事件；B. trends 趋势；C. tips 提示，小费；D. principles 原则。由语境可 知，本句仍旧是说明青少年关注穿着，青少年还会跟随不同的潮流以融入社会。故选 B 项。 【29 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果穿格子衬衫和牛仔裤是现在的时尚，青少年会穿成这样只是 为了给他们的假想观众留下好印象。A. dress 穿着；B. behave 表现；C. talk 谈话；D. live 住。由上文的 If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion 可知，为 了给“假想观众”留下好的印象，青少年会那样穿着。故选 A 项。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果穿格子衬衫和牛仔裤是现在的时尚，青少年会穿成这样只是 为了给他们的假想观众留下好印象。A. comment 评论；B. assessment 评估；C. impression 印象；D. instruction 指导、说明。由上文语境可知，青少年跟着潮流穿格子衬衫和牛仔裤 是为了给“假想观众”留下好的印象。故选 C 项。 【31 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：青少年也担心他们在社交场合犯的最轻微的错误。A. strangest 最奇怪的；B. biggest 最大的；C. fastest 最快的；D. slightest 最轻微的。由下文语境可 知，一个黑头会让一个青春期的女孩辛苦一整天，说明青少年担心他们在社交场合中犯最轻 微的过失。故选 D 项。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个黑头会让一个青春期的女孩辛苦一整天，因为她觉得自己被 人监视和评判。A. wonder 想知道；B. relax 放松；C. sweat 流汗、辛苦地干；D. laugh 大 笑。由下文的 she feels that she is being watched 可知，此处指一个黑头就能让一个青春期 女生辛苦一整天。故选 C 项。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个黑头会让一个青春期的女孩辛苦一整天，因为她觉得自己被 人监视和评判。A. judged 评判；B. refused 拒绝；C. attracted 吸引；D. reported 报道。 由上文语境可知，一个黑头会让一个青春期的女孩辛苦一整天，因为她总感觉她在被人关注 以及评价着。故选 A 项。 【34 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，实际上，只有一小部分人对别人的长相感兴趣。A. Therefore - 19 - 因此；B. However 然而；C. Moreover 而且；D. Instead 代替。由语境可知，前后两句表转折 ，所以用 However。故选 B 项。 【35 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，实际上，只有一小部分人对别人的长相感兴趣。A. sounds 听起来；B. feels 感觉；C. smells 闻；D. looks 看起来。由语境可知，此处指只有小部分人 真正对他人看起来怎样感兴趣。故选 D 项。 【36 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然“假想观众”被认为是一种紊乱，但这是一个青少年试图更 好地理解自己与世界联系的自然过程。A. disorder 紊乱，疾病；B. relief 解脱；C. pity 遗 憾；D. blessing 祝福。由下文的 it is a natural process 可知，此处指“假想观众”被认 为是一种紊乱。故选 A 项。 【37 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然“假想观众”被认为是一种紊乱，但这是一个青少年试图更 好地理解自己与世界的联系的自然过程。A. competition 竞争；B. association 联系；C. comparison 比较；D.satisfaction 满意。由语境可知，“假想观众”是一种自然过程，在这 个过程中，青少年能更好地理解他或她与世界的联系。故选 B 项。 【38 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个人对世界的感知成熟时，他或她会对自己在人与人之间的 角色获得更现实的观点，而不是想象中的角色。A. reduces 减少；B. shows 展示；C. works 工作；D. matures 成熟。由下文语境可知，是随着个体对世界的理解的成熟，他或她对自己 在人群里的角色将获得更切合实际的看法。故选 D 项。 【39 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一个人对世界的感知成熟时，他或她会对自己在人与人之间 的角色获得更现实的观点，而不是想象中的角色。A. narrow 狭窄的；B. permanent 永久的； C. realistic 实际的、现实的；D. personal 个人的。由下文的 rather than imaginary ones 可知，此处指随着个体对世界的理解的成熟，他或她对自己在人群里的角色将获得更切合实 际的看法，而不是想象中的角色。故选 C 项。 【40 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，假想观众的影响将逐渐消失。A. run out 用光；B. fade away 逐渐消失；C. set in 开始；D. come back 回来。由上文语境可知，随着个体对世界的理解的 - 20 - 成熟，他或她对自己在人群里的角色将获得更切合实际的看法，所以“假想观众”的影响会 逐渐消退。故选 B 项。 第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), first conducted in 2000, ___41___(be) an international assessment hosted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) which measures 15-year-old students’ reading, mathematics, and science literacy every three years. The latest 2018 PISA found ___42___ 15-year-olds in Beijing, Shanghai and the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang (B-S-J-Z) ranked No.1 in all three core subjects. ___43___ were followed by students from Singapore and China’s two special administrative regions — Macao and Hong Kong. The top OECD countries were Estonia, Canada, Finland and Ireland. The OECD's PISA 2018 ___44___ (test) around 600,000 15-year-old students in 79 countries and regions on reading, science, and mathematics. The main focus was on reading, with most students doing the test on computers. In B-S-J-Z, socio-economically ___45___(advantage) students outperformed disadvantaged students in reading ___46___ 82 score points in PISA 2018. This is not ___47___ (significant) different from the average difference between the two groups (89 score points) across OECD countries. School principals in B-S-J-Z reported more staff ___48___(short) and less material deficiency than the OECD average. In almost every education system, girls expressed greater fear of failure than boys, and this gender gap was considerably ___49___(wide)amongst top-performing students. In B-S-J-Z, students spent 31.8 hours in the classroom on average, ______50______ (rank) fourth among all 79 countries and regions. The learning efficiency of students in B-S-J-Z ranked 44th, 46th and 54th for reading, math and science, respectively, and the students' satisfaction about learning only ranked 61st. 【答案】41. is 42. that - 21 - 43. They 44. tested 45. advantaged 46. by 47. significantly 48. shortage 49. wider 50. ranking 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，国际学生评估计划（PISA）对 79 个国家和地区的 15 岁学生 进行了评估，北京、上海和江浙地区的学生脱颖而出，本文对这次结果进行了分析。 【41 题详解】 考查动词时态。本句主要介绍的是“国际学生评估计划”的组织机构和评估内容，应用一般 现在时表述。故填 is。 【42 题详解】 考查宾语从句。found 后接一个宾语从句，从句为陈述句，不缺成分，无意义，所以用引导词 that。故填 that。 【43 题详解】 考查代词。代词 they 指代的是上文中提到的 15-year-olds in Beijing, Shanghai and the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang (B-S-J­Z )，首字母大写。故填 They。 【44 题详解】 考查动词时态。由 The OECD’s PISA 2018 可知，动作已发生，应用一般过去时。故填 tested 。 【45 题详解】 考查形容词。名词 students 要形容词修饰，由后文的 disadvantagedstudents 可知，此处用 形容词 advantaged。故填 advantaged。 【46 题详解】 考查介词。由语境可知，此处指“高出 82 分”，by 表示数量、程度等以……之差。故填 by。 【47 题详解】 考查副词。修饰形容词 different，应用副词。故填 significantly。 【48 题详解】 考查名词。由语境可知，此处指“人员短缺”，谓语 reported 后面要名词做宾语，所以用名 词形式。故填 shortage。 - 22 - 【49 题详解】 考查形容词比较级。由语境可知，此处指“这种性别差距在表现最好的学生中要更大”，所 以用形容词比较级。故填 wider。 【50 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。此句已有谓语动词 spent 且无连词，rank 用非谓语形式，主语 students 和 动词 rank 是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词（doing）表主动，做状语。故填 ranking。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 We all agree that we should recycle less — at home, in the office or when out and about. But for material to be actually recycled, they first need to find their way to the right waste stream so that they can be then collected and taken to the right place for recycling. This is what the process of sorting allows us to do it. For effective recycling we need effectively sorting — and this needs to happen first, in our own home and second, in dedicated sorting plants to that waste collected from our doorstep and collecting points is taken. When you put a plastic bottle in the right recycling bag and bin, you are helped sort recyclable waste so that the right material can be fed into the right recycling process. Unless sorting does not happen, a lot of recyclable materials can end up in landfills or be burned, with valuable resources lose from our economy. Sorting at home is first step towards recycling. 【答案】1. less → more 2. material → materials - 23 - 3. 去掉 it 4. effectively → effective 5. that → which 6. and → or 7. helped → helping 8. Unless → If 9. lose → lost 10.在 first 前面加 the 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，为了实现有效的回收利用，我们需要进行有效的分类，在家 里分类是走向回收的第一步。 【详解】1. 考查语境理解。由语境可知，此处指“我们都同意我们应该回收更多”，所以应 用 more。故将 less 改为 more。 2. 考查名词复数。由语境可知，此处指“许多材料”，material 可数名词，应用名词的复数 形式。故将 material 改为 materials。 3. 考查表语从句。is 后面是一个表语从句，引导词 what 在从句中做 do 的宾语，因此去掉 it 。故去掉 it。 4. 考查副词。动名词 sorting 需要形容词来修饰，所以用形容词 effective。故将 effectively 改为 effective。 5. 考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，dedicated sorting plants 是先行词，指物，分析句子 可知，是 waste collected from our doorstep and collecting points is taken to dedicated sorting plants，所以用“介词+ which（物）”，即 to which。故将 that 改为 which。 6. 考查连词。由语境可知，此处指“或者”，应用并列连词 or。故将 and 改为 or。 7. 考查现在分词。由语境可知，此处指“正在帮忙”，现在进行时（am/is/are doing），应 用现在分词（doing）。故将 helped 改为 helping。 8. 考查条件状语从句。由语境可知，此处指“如果”，应用从属连词 If。故将 Unless 改为 If 。 9. 考查过去分词。此处是“with +名词+非谓语形式”结构，名词短语 valuable resources 和 动词 lose 是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故将 lose 改为 lost。 - 24 - 10. 考查冠词。由语境可知，此处指“第一步”，应用“the +序数词”（第……）。故在 first 前面加 the。 第二节 书面表达(满分 25 分) 52.假定你是李华，你们班的英国交换生 Candy 在汉语水平考试（HSK）口语测试中发挥失常， 未能拿到二级口语证书。她很沮丧，请你写封邮件安慰她，要点如下： 1. 表示理解并肯定其付出的努力； 2. 帮助其分析失利原因； 3. 鼓励其继续为目标奋斗。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已为你写好。 Dear Candy, ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Candy I’m sorry to hear that you didn’t do well in your HSK Ⅱ oral test and didn’t get the certificate. I quite understand you feeling upset. Definitely, you have made great efforts and tried all means possible to train your oral Chinese. But it is rather challenging after all, with so many pronunciations and tones. Sometimes even a native speaker can feel confused. So it's not uncommon for a foreigner to suffer the defeat at the first trial. Don’t be discouraged; just actively practice and communicate with the locals more, which will help you pass the , - 25 - test. Then you are sure to achieve your goal! Are you feeling better now? Don’t hesitate to ask me for help if necessary. Best wishes and good luck! Yours’ Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封邮件安慰在汉语水平考试（HSK）口语测试中发挥 失常的英国交换生 Candy，让其不要沮丧，振作起来。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求：1. 表示理解并肯定其付出的努力； 2. 帮助其分析失利原因； 3. 鼓励其继续为目标奋斗。 第二步：列提纲（重点词组） oral test；get the certificate；make great efforts；after all；communicate with； hesitate to do sth. 第三步：连词成句 1. I’m sorry to hear that you didn’t do well in your HSK Ⅱ oral test and didn’t get the certificate. 2. you have made great efforts and tried all means possible to train your oral Chinese. 3. But it is rather challenging after all, with so many pronunciations and tones. 4. just actively practice and communicate with the locals more, 5. Don’t hesitate to ask me for help if necessary. （根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题） 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, - 26 - Finally, In the end, At last, Last but not least 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only…but (also), including, also 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause(从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…, On the other hand… Some…, while others…, as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 5 表换一种方式表达：In other words, that is to say, 6.表进行举例说明：For example; For instance; such as + n/doing 7.表陈述事实：In fact, frankly speaking 8.表选择：either…or…, or 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意 思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如 which will help you pass the test 这句话中用了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句；使用了非常好的短语，如 oral test，get the certificate，make great efforts，communicate with，hesitate to do sth.等，为文章 增色不少；并注意了句子的衔接，如 Definitely，But，So，Then。全文中没有中国式英语 的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然， 为文章增色添彩。 - 27 -