【英语】【专题12特殊句式（教学案）-2019年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍

【英语】【专题12特殊句式（教学案）-2019年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍

‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 热点题型一 倒装句 ‎ 例1、In front of the farmhouse ________ (lie) a peasant boy.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】lay ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎1全部倒装 ‎(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, on the wall, under the tree等置于句首，且主语是名词时。‎ ‎①John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.‎ 约翰打开门，那儿站着一位他从来没见过的女孩。‎ ‎②Just in front of the bus lies an injured man, all covered with blood.‎ 公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。‎ ‎(2)代词such放在句首，且在句中作表语时。‎ Such are the facts; no one can deny them.‎ 这些就是事实；没有人可以否认。‎ ‎(3)为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密，常将作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首，引起全部倒装。‎ ‎①Seated in the first line are some advanced workers.‎ 坐在第一排的是一些资深工人。‎ ‎②Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.‎ 许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。‎ 注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。‎ ‎③Away they went.‎ 他们走了。‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ ‎________ (sit) under the tree was a charming girl aged about seventeen or eighteen.‎ ‎【解析】考查动词形式变化。根据句式结构可以判断，该句为全部倒装，句子主语是“a charming girl”，用进行时态，故填sitting。句意：在树下坐着一个十七八岁的女孩。‎ ‎【答案】Sitting 热点题型二 部分倒装 例2、 From the picture we know, ________ happy do the children feel that they are wild with joy.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】So ‎【提分秘籍】 ‎ ‎(1)so/neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词＋主语(表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物)‎ ‎①If Joe's wife won't go to the party, neither will he.‎ 如果Joe的妻子不参加晚会，他也不去。‎ ‎②She has been to New York. So have I.‎ 她去过纽约，我也去过。‎ 注意：so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。‎ ‎－It is too hot.‎ ‎－So it is.‎ ‎——天太热了。‎ ‎——是啊，的确很热。‎ ‎(2)表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时 当not, never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, no, nowhere, not only, not until, at no time, by no means, in no way等词或短语位于句首时。‎ ‎①Not a single song did she sing at yesterday's party.‎ 在昨天的晚会上她一首歌也没有唱。‎ ‎②At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon.‎ 在任何情况下中国决不会第一个使用核武器。‎ ‎(3)在so/such...that...句型中，若so/such...提到句首时 In such a hurry did he leave the office that he forgot to lock the door.‎ 他离开办公室时太匆忙了，结果忘了锁门。‎ ‎(4)当“only＋状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时 Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.‎ 只有在我朋友来了之后，电脑才修好。‎ ‎(5)表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他时，句子要倒装 Much as I like it, I'll not buy it.‎ 尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。‎ Pretty as she is, she is not proud.‎ 尽管她很漂亮，但她一点也不自负。‎ Try as he would, he might fail again.‎ 尽管他还会试，但可能还会失败。‎ ‎(6)hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., not only...but also...等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。‎ ‎①Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.‎ 他一听到这个消息就哭了。‎ ‎②The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers' energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons.‎ 电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。‎ ‎(7)在省略if的虚拟条件句中(当条件从句中有were，had, should时)‎ ‎①Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.‎ 要是早复习了功课，你有可能就通过考试了。‎ ‎②Should it not rain, we would go for a picnic tomorrow.‎ 要是明天不下雨，我们就可以去野餐了。‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ Only by communicating with each other more frequently ________ they clear away the misunderstandings and solve the conflict.‎ ‎【解析】根据句式结构可以看出，该题考查的是倒装句，“only＋状语”位于句首，主句要部分倒装，结合语意可知答案是can。句意：只有通过经常沟通，他们才能清除误会，解决问题。‎ ‎【答案】can 热点题型三 强调句 例3．【2018·天津】 It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.‎ A. which B. that C. when D. where ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎ 【变式探究】[2017·天津卷] It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbours.‎ A．who B．where ‎ C．which D．that ‎【答案】D 【解析】考查强调句型。本句强调的是when I got back to my apartment。强调句的判断方法是先将It is/was与that去掉，然后检验此句是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断“When I got back to my apartment，I first came across my new neighbours.”句子成分完整，由此可断定本句是强调句，空格处应填that。句意：正是当我回到我的公寓时，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。‎ ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎1强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语或状语等。‎ It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.‎ 给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少而是我们将多少爱投入到我们所从事的事业中。‎ ‎2强调句的特殊句式 强调句的特殊句式 结构构成 例句 一般疑问句 Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？‎ Was it Tom who was to blame？‎ 就是汤姆应负责任吗？‎ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋句子其他部分？‎ The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today？‎ 那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？‎ 强调句的特殊句式 结构构成 例句 not until句式 It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分 ‎ It was not until midnight that we got home because of traffic jams.‎ 因为交通阻塞，直到半夜我们才到家。‎ not...but...句式 It is not...＋that...，but.../It is not...but...that...‎ It is not quantity but quality that counts.‎ 重要的不是数量而是质量。‎ ‎ 3．用助动词强调谓语 如果要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中的谓语动词，我们在该动词前加助动词do, does或did。‎ ‎①Many of the films are from the USA, but we do give awards to films from other countries.‎ 许多电影来自于美国，但我们的确也给其他国家的影片颁奖。‎ ‎②He did come to see you last Sunday, but you were out.‎ 他上周日的确来看过你，但是你出去了。‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ It was with great joy ________ Tom received the news ________ his lost son had been found.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】that that 热点题型四 省略句 例4、－I'm sorry to tell you that you made a mistake in your test.‎ ‎－How can that be? I did it as ________ (tell) in class.‎ ‎【解析】根据结构可知考查状语从句中省去“主语＋be”的形式。tell的逻辑主语是I，两者之间为被动关系，故填told。句意：——很抱歉告诉你，你在考试中犯了一个错误。——怎么会这样？我就是按课上讲的做的啊！‎ ‎【答案】told ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎ 1．在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。‎ ‎①The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health.‎ 实验表明，如果有规律地进行适量运动能强身健体。‎ ‎②Get up early tomorrow, if not (you don't get up early), you will miss the first bus.‎ 明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。‎ ‎2．I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。‎ ‎①－Do you think it will rain?‎ ‎－I hope not (that it will not rain)．‎ ‎——你认为会下雨吗？‎ ‎——我希望不下。‎ ‎②－Do you believe our team will win?‎ ‎－I guess so.‎ ‎——你相信我们队会赢吗？‎ ‎——我猜会赢。‎ ‎3．不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。‎ ‎(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid/glad/happy, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等的后边。‎ I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to.‎ 我请他去看电影，但他不想去。‎ ‎－Will you join in the game?‎ ‎－I'd be glad to.‎ ‎——你愿意加入做游戏吗？‎ ‎——我很高兴加入。‎ ‎(2)如果不定式中含有be, have, have been，通常保留be, have和have been。‎ ‎－Are you a sailor?‎ ‎－No, but I used to be.‎ ‎——你是海员吗？‎ ‎——不，但我过去是。‎ 热点题型五 反意疑问句及其他 例5、 A bit more effort, I think, ________ you will settle the problem.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】and ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎ 1反意疑问句 ‎(1)祈使句式的反意疑问句 ‎①肯定的祈使句，简短问句用will you/won't you。‎ ‎②否定的祈使句，简短问句用will you。‎ ‎③let's和let us引导的祈使句：let's表“建议，征询”之意时，含听话者在内，故简短问句用shall we；let us表“建议、征询”之意时，不含听话者在内，故简短问句用will you。‎ Let's go out for a walk after supper, shall we?‎ 晚饭后我们散散步，好吗？‎ ‎1反意疑问句 ‎(1)祈使句式的反意疑问句 ‎①肯定的祈使句，简短问句用will you/won't you。‎ ‎②否定的祈使句，简短问句用will you。‎ ‎③let's和let us引导的祈使句：let's表“建议，征询”之意时，含听话者在内，故简短问句用shall we；let us表“建议、征询”之意时，不含听话者在内，故简短问句用will you。‎ Let's go out for a walk after supper, shall we?‎ 晚饭后我们散散步，好吗？‎ ‎2句型：祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋简单句(多用将来时)‎ ‎(1)祈使句/名词短语＋and＋简单句表示“如果……，就……”‎ ‎①“Only two centimeters higher，and you will break the world record，” encouraged the coach.‎ ‎“再高两厘米，你将打破世界纪录”，教练鼓励说。‎ ‎②Bring the flowers into a warm room and they'll soon open.‎ 将花放到暖和的房间里，它们将会很快开放。‎ ‎(2)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋简单句表示“……否则……”‎ Don't drive so fast or/otherwise you'll have an accident.‎ 不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。‎ 注意：分词作状语结构＋主句与该句型，如不细心容易弄混，关注有没有连词即可。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1.【2018·北京】In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.‎ A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎2.【2018·天津】 It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.‎ A. which B. that C. when D. where ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。‎ ‎1. [2017·天津卷] It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbours.‎ A．who B．where ‎ C．which D．that ‎【答案】D 【解析】考查强调句型。本句强调的是when I got back to my apartment。强调句的判断方法是先将It is/was与that去掉，然后检验此句是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断“When I got back to my apartment，I first came across my new neighbours.”句子成分完整，由此可断定本句是强调句，空格处应填that。句意：正是当我回到我的公寓时，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。‎ ‎1.【2015·湖南】31.Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.‎ A. to keep B. to have kept C．keep D．have kept ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而that引导的是宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。‎ ‎2.【2015·天津】3. Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home. ‎ A. she realized B. has she realized ‎ C. she has realized D. did she realize ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎3.【2015·湖南】21.It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.‎ A. which B. that C. where D. how ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据分析：此句是It was…开头且去掉It was，when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.是一个完整意义上的句子，故判断此句是一个强调句，强调when we were returning home；强调句常用句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)… 。句意：正是在我回家的时候我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时感觉是多么令人愉悦。故选B ‎1．(2014·大纲全国卷)Not only ________the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.‎ ‎【答案】do ‎ ‎【解析】考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅希望涨工资，还希望减少工时。not only...连接并列分句置于句首时，其后要用倒装。‎ ‎2．(2014·湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart ________ good relationships with others.(will you keep, you will keep)‎ ‎【答案】will you keep ‎ ‎【解析】考查倒装句式和时态。句意：只有当你能找到内心的安宁时，你才能与他人保持良好的关系。本句以Only开头，故主句部分要用部分倒装，且根据句意可知，主句需用一般将来时。‎ ‎3．(2014·福建卷)It was the culture, rather than the language, ________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.‎ ‎【答案】that ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．(2014·天津卷)Give me a chance, ________I'll give you a wonderful surprise.‎ ‎【答案】and ‎ ‎【解析】考查连词。句意：给我一个机会，我会给你一个惊喜。从句子的意思来看，前后两句为顺承关系。“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”，两个分句之间是顺承关系，其中祈使句可以是名词短语。‎ ‎5．(2014·陕西卷)No sooner ________ Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.‎ ‎【答案】had ‎ ‎【解析】本题考查倒装句以及时态。句意：莫言一登上舞台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner...than...“一……就……”是一个固定搭配，而且主句通常用过去完成时态；no sooner置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。这个句子转化为陈述句为：Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.‎ ‎6．(2014·四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr. Smith got angry?‎ ‎【答案】that ‎ ‎【解析】考查强调句。句意：史密斯先生生气是因为杰克上学迟到了吗？强调句用来引起他人注意，其结构是：“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who. . . ”，可译为：“正是……”或“就是……”。强调句的一般疑问句结构是：Is/Was it...that/who...？本题中是对原因状语从句“because Jack came late for school”进行强调。‎ ‎7．(2014·湖南卷)________(make) what you're doing today important, because you're trading a day of your life for it.‎ ‎【答案】Make ‎ ‎【解析】考查特殊句式。句意：让你今天所做的(变得)重要，因为你是在以付出你生命中的一天来交换的。“because you're trading”是一个原因状语从句，故前面应是主句，是一个完整的句子，make是动词原形，构成一个祈使句。‎ ‎8．(2014·湖南卷)All we need ________(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.‎ ‎【答案】is ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9．(2014·湖南卷)It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ________ makes life happy.‎ ‎【答案】that ‎ ‎【解析】考查强调句型。句意：让生活快乐的不是做我们喜欢的事，而是喜欢我们必须要做的事。It's...that...是一个强调句型。‎ ‎10. (2014·四川卷)________me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.‎ ‎【答案】Call ‎ ‎【解析】考查特殊句式。句意：明天给我打电话，我就告诉你实验结果。分析句子结构可知，这是“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式，因此应用动词原形开头。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎