专题07情态动词和虚拟语气-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

专题07情态动词和虚拟语气-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【2019年高考命题预测】‎ 高考研究英语中常用的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；特别是注意“情态动词+完成式”是高考中的重点所在。‎ 高考中的虚拟语气一般与情态动词结合进行考查。每年高考试题中都会出现一定的题目。‎ ‎【考点定位】2019考纲解读和近几年考点分布 （1） 考纲要求 ‎ 情态动词是各地高考试题中的必考项目，每年高考单独命题区单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。新课标卷主要在语法填空和短文改错中考查。考点依次是：推测(可能性)→请求/允许→必要性→特殊用法。试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。‎ （2） 命题规律 一、主要考查的是真实的语境中对情态动词的理解和把握，其语境的情景更加逼真，设问角度将综合化、细微化。‎ 二、近几年，情态动词重点考查情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法，以及情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等”方面的用法。‎ ‎【考点pk】 名师考点透析 虚拟语气考点透析 考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法 ‎ ‎1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时（be动词用were）+其他成分+if+ should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如： ‎ ‎①If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party. ‎ A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not ‎ ‎3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如： ‎ If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. ‎ A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to ‎ 考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 ‎ 在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如： ‎ It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. ‎ A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen ‎ C. should fall D. were to fall ‎ 考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ‎ 在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。例如： ‎ ‎—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York？ ‎ ‎—I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to. ‎ A. will not be sent；that B. not be sent；that ‎ C. should not be sent；what D. should not send；what ‎ 情态动词考点透析 考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查 ‎ 情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。例如： ‎ ‎1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.‎ ‎ A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could ‎ ‎2. —Jim is very sick these days．He coughs so badly,‎ ‎ —In my opinion, he really ____ listen to the doctor and cut down on smoking．‎ ‎ A．should B．can ‎ ‎ C．may D．need ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】本题考查情态动词用法。句意：——吉姆这些天病得厉害，咳嗽不止。——依我看，他真的应该听医生话，少吸些烟。根据语境“吉姆这些天病得厉害，咳嗽不止”推断，说话者会认为“吉姆应该听医生的话，少吸些烟”，故空格中应该填should，表示“应该；理应”。 ‎ ‎3. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady. ‎ A. might B. need C. should D. would ‎ ‎【解析】should 表示说话人感情，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等。在此句中表示说话人一种惊奇的语气。 句意为：你不可能想象出体面的绅士竟然对一位女士那么粗鲁。答案是 C。 ‎ 分析：高考对情态动词基本含义的考查，仍然集中在常用的情态动词上。对常用情态动词的含义，要掌握的既准确又要全面，特别是shall, should, can, may 四个常用情态动词的含义较多，不易理解，复习时应当引起重视。‎ 二、情态动词表示推测的考查 ‎ ‎2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ______ your lecture. ‎ A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended ‎ C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended ‎ ‎3. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? ‎ A. can B. should C. may D. must ‎ ‎【解析】can表示可能性。布什先生按时做一切事，他怎么可能开幕式迟到呢？答案是：A。 ‎ ‎4. I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter? ‎ ‎—It ______ true because there was little snow there.‎ ‎ A. may not be B. won’t be ‎ C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be ‎ ‎【解析】may not be : 可能不是；won’t be：不会是；couldn’t be：不可能是； mustn’t be ：一定不是。根据提供情境there was little snow 说明山里滑雪是件不可能的事，may not ‎ 语气不如couldn’t强。答案是：C。 ‎ 分析：高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在must, can, could, may, might上，准确掌握它们使用的场合，是解决问题的关键。Must 用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测；can, could用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能性推测；may, might用于陈述句，表示可能性推测；用于否定陈述句中，can’t （不可能）的语气比may not（可能不）强。此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的推测,对过去推测用情态动词+have done ，对现在推测用情态动词+ 动词原形。 ‎ 三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查 ‎ 情态动词＋have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。 ‎ ‎1. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ______ come, but why didn’t you?‎ ‎ A. must have B. should ‎ C. need have D. ought to have ‎ ‎3. Oh, I‘m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.‎ ‎ A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten ‎ C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat ‎ 考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查 ‎1. Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? ‎ ‎—I______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. ‎ A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t ‎ ‎2. Your phone number again? I ______ quite catch it . ‎ ‎—It’s 86184867. ‎ A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t ‎ ‎【解析】记住电话号码并非难事，未完全听清楚电话号码并非能力的事，此处只是说没有完全听清楚电话号码，所以，应选A。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【三年高考】 16、17、18高考试题及其解析 ‎2018年高考英语试题 ‎1.【2018·北京】12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.‎ A. need B. should C. can D. must ‎【答案】C 点睛：can的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，会；2. (表示推测)可能，可能会；3.（表示允许，请求）可以；4.（表示客观可能性）有时会。‎ ‎2.【2018·北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.‎ A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。‎ 点睛：1. 表示对现在的虚拟：if条件句用一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do；2. 表示对过去的虚拟：if条件句用过去完成时，主句用would/might/could/should+have done；3. 表示对将来的虚拟：if条件句用were to do/should do/一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do。‎ ‎3.【2018·天津】15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。‎ 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。‎ ‎4.【2018·天津】10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.‎ A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left ‎【答案】D 点睛：情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点：第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词 + have done；如果是对现在事情的推测，才用情态动词+v原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测，表示“一定”，could为不肯定推测，表示“可能”，这样就能选出正确答案。‎ ‎5.【2018·江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.‎ A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。‎ 点睛：本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。3．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住前句There is a good social life in the village的时态是一般现在时，可以判断出此题wish用于对现在的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。‎ ‎6.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.‎ A. would B. should C. could D. might ‎【答案】B 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较： It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。） It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。）‎ ‎2017年高考英语试题 ‎【2017·北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.‎ A. must B. should C. can D. need ‎【答案】C 试题分析：A. must 必须 B. should 应该 C. can 能 D. need 需要。句意:Samuel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书，此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。‎ 考点：考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need, should等 ‎1. can 的用法：‎ ‎ ① 表示能力 “能，会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。‎ ‎ ② 表示请求或许可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗? ‎ ‎ ③ 表示猜测 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢? ‎ ‎ 2.may 的用法：‎ ‎①表示请求或允许 “可以”“准许” eg: May I go home，please?请问我可以回家吗? ‎ ‎ ② 表示可能性 “ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。 ‎ ‎ 注：might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。‎ ‎ eg: ① He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定) ‎ ‎ ②You might also get a headache when you work too hard，当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛 ‎3. must的用法：‎ ‎ ①表示义务、必要或命令 “必须、应该” eg: You must come early tomorrow．你明天得早来。 ‎ ‎ ② 表示推测时“肯定，一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢. ‎ ‎ ③ must not 禁止，不许 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。 ‎ 注意： ①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用 don't have to 或needn't 。而不用mustn't ‎ ‎ eg: ---Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？‎ ‎ ---No, you don't have to/ needn't. 不，你不必。‎ ‎ ② can 和 must在 表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。‎ ‎ eg: ①It can not be Li Lei 那个人不可能是李磊 ‎ ‎② It must be Li Lei 那个人肯定是李磊。‎ ‎4. need 的用法：‎ ‎ ① 情态动词 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。‎ ‎ eg: You needn't come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。‎ ‎ ② 行为动词 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。‎ eg: ①You don't need to go now. 你不必现在就走。‎ ‎ ② I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下 ‎ ③ Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？‎ need的用法的助记口诀：‎ 实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。‎ 情态动词表“需要”，没有人称 数之变。 其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。‎ ‎【2017·北京卷】34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened. ‎ A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put ‎【答案】A 试题分析：句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。‎ 1、 陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）‎ 2、 祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）‎ 3、 虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.‎ 一、 虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法 真实条件句 If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.‎ 虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）‎ If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.‎ if从句的谓语动词 主句谓语动词 ‎1.与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ would/could/might/should+动词原形 ‎2.与过去事实相反 had done ‎ would/could/might/should+have done ‎3.与将来事实可能相反 a.动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ b.should+动词原形（不能用would）‎ c.were to+动词原形 would/could/might/should+动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反 if从句：动词过去式（be---were）‎ 主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形 If we had time, we would go with you.‎ If I were you, I shouldn’t do that.‎ If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.‎ 2. 与过去事实相反 if从句：had done 主句：would/could/might/should+have done If the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded.‎ I could have done it better if I had been more careful.‎ If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come.‎ ‎3.与将来事实可能相反 if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ ‎ b.should+动词原形（不能用would）‎ ‎ c.were to+动词原形 主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形 If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.‎ If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.‎ If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.‎ Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.‎ 4. 错综时间条件句 在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。‎ If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.‎ If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now.‎ If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.‎ ‎(有时时间会省略） ‎ 5. 含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。‎ They would not be able to live without him.（如果没有）‎ He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.‎ ‎（要不是）=if it had not been for If only you had worked with greater care!(要是......就好了）‎ You would have done the same thing in her position.‎ With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.‎ 6. 虚拟结合条件句 在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。‎ I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.‎ ‎（实------虚）‎ ‎=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.‎ He would have bought the piano, but he didn’t have enough money.‎ ‎（虚------实）‎ ‎=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money. ‎ 7. 省略if倒装条件句 在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。‎ If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.‎ ‎ =Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.‎ If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.‎ ‎ =were I you, I wouldn’t do that.‎ If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.‎ ‎ =Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.‎ ‎【2017·江苏卷】22. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it ‎【答案】B ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在虚拟语气中，be动词只能用were；虚拟条件句省去连词if时，从句主谓部分倒装：Were/Had/Should+主 语+谓语动词...‎ e.g. Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。‎ I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。‎ Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。‎ 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, ‎ Hadn’t置于句首。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气和倒装 ‎【2017·天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.‎ A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎【答案】C 考点：考查情态动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。 daren’t通常表示“不敢”，shouldn’t强调的是没有义务，必要性；needn’t表示“不需要”，mustn't 表示不许，语气比较强烈，它们之间有明显不同。‎ ‎【2017·天津卷】15. —Do you have Betty’s phone number?‎ ‎—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.‎ A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：--你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？--有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。，根据标志词otherwise，否则相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadn't have her phone number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。‎ ‎【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：　2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have ‎ done　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气是根据标志词otherwise和句意推断出主句是对过去的虚拟。‎ ‎2016年高考英语试题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·北京】31. I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.‎ A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t ‎【答案】A 考点：考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need,should, had better.‎ ‎1. can 的用法：‎ ‎ ① 表示能力 “能，会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。‎ ‎ ② 表示请求或许可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗? ‎ ‎ ③ 表示猜测 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢? ‎ ‎ 2.may 的用法：‎ ‎①表示请求或允许 “可以”“准许” eg: May I go home，please?请问我可以回家吗? ‎ ‎ ② 表示可能性 “ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。 ‎ ‎ 注：might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。‎ ‎ eg: ① He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定) ‎ ‎ ②You might also get a headache when you work too hard，当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛 ‎3. must的用法：‎ ‎ ①表示义务、必要或命令 “必须、应该” eg: You must come early tomorrow．你明天得早来。 ‎ ‎ ② 表示推测时“肯定，一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢. ‎ ‎ ③ must not 禁止，不许 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。 ‎ 注意： ①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用 don't have to 或needn't 。而不用mustn't ‎ ‎ eg: ---Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？‎ ‎ ---No, you don't have to/ needn't. 不，你不必。‎ ‎ ② can 和 must在 表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。‎ ‎ eg: ①It can not be Li Lei 那个人不可能是李磊 ‎ ‎② It must be Li Lei 那个人肯定是李磊。‎ ‎4. need 的用法：‎ ‎ ① 情态动词 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。‎ ‎ eg: You needn't come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。‎ ‎ ② 行为动词 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。‎ eg: ①You don't need to go now. 你不必现在就走。‎ ‎ ② I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下 ‎ ③ Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？‎ need的用法的助记口诀：‎ 实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。‎ 情态动词表“需要”，没有人称 数之变。 其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。‎ ‎2.【2016·北京】34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.‎ A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell ‎【答案】B 考点：考查虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。‎ 1、 陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）‎ 2、 祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）‎ 3、 虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.‎ 一、 虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法 真实条件句 If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.‎ 虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）‎ If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.‎ If it snowed tomorrow, we would stay at the home.‎ if从句的谓语动词 主句谓语动词 ‎1.与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ would/could/might/should+动词原形 ‎2.与过去事实相反 had done ‎ would/could/might/should+have done ‎3.与将来事实可能相反 a.动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ b.should+动词原形（不能用would）‎ c.were to+动词原形 would/could/might/should+动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反 if从句：动词过去式（be---were）‎ 主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形 If we had time, we would go with you.‎ If I were you, I shouldn’t do that.‎ If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.‎ 2. 与过去事实相反 if从句：had done 主句：would/could/might/should+have done If the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded.‎ I could have done it better if I had been more careful.‎ If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come.‎ ‎3.与将来事实可能相反 if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ ‎ b.should+动词原形（不能用would）‎ ‎ c.were to+动词原形 主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形 If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.‎ If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.‎ If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.‎ Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.‎ 4. 错综时间条件句 在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。‎ If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.‎ If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now.‎ If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.‎ ‎(有时时间会省略） ‎ 5. 含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。‎ They would not be able to live without him.（如果没有）‎ He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.‎ ‎（要不是）=if it had not been for If only you had worked with greater care!(要是......就好了）‎ You would have done the same thing in her position.‎ With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.‎ 6. 虚拟结合条件句 在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。‎ I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.‎ ‎（实------虚）‎ ‎=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.‎ He would have bought the piano, but he didn’t have enough money.‎ ‎（虚------实）‎ ‎=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money. ‎ 7. 省略if倒装条件句 在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。‎ If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.‎ ‎ =Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.‎ If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.‎ ‎ =were I you, I wouldn’t do that.‎ If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.‎ ‎ =Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.‎ ‎3.【2016·江苏】27.If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.‎ A. had not been B. should not be C. were not to be D. should not have been ‎【答案】A ‎【名师点睛】‎ 有时条件从句和主句所表示的动作在时间上可以不一致（例如一个与过去事实相反，另一个与现在事实相反），这种虚拟条件句就称为错综时间虚拟条件句。在这种条件句中，动词的形式要根据具体情况进行调整。‎ 例句：‎ She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense.‎ 如果她有一些常识的话，她就决不会像那样做了。         ‎ If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday.‎ 假如我有自行车，昨天早就借给你了。‎ 句型说明： 错综时间条件句中，特别注意时间状语，在这种情况下必须明确给以时间或通过上下文可明白看出时间不同，否则就按一般时间搭配使用。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气 ‎4.【2016·天津】5. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。故选B。‎ 考点：考查情态动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。couldn’t通常表示“没有能力”，wouldn’t带有意愿色彩，shouldn’t强调的是没有义务，必要性；needn’t表示“没有需要”，之间有明显不同。‎ ‎5.【2016·天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.‎ ‎ A. were injured B. would be injured ‎ C. had been injured D. would have been injured ‎【答案】D ‎【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：　2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have ‎ done　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气比较明显，if条件句使用了过去完成进行时和过去相反，没有倒装形式，学生容易看出。‎ ‎6.【2016·浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.‎ A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气， if条件句用的had done，而且省略it，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：　2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气比较明显，if条件句省略了if，将had提前，说明使用了过去完成进行时和过去相反，学生看出这点就容易做题了。‎ ‎7.【2016·浙江】17. George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .‎ A. must have gone B. might have gone C. can't have gone D. needn't have gone ‎【答案】C 考点：考查情态动词+have done。‎ ‎【名师点睛】熟练掌握情态动词的用法，对准确理解语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解、听力理解中含有情态动词的句子是很有益处的，并且在写作中也可能会用到情态动词。因此，我们应当学好情态动词，尤其要掌握好常用情态动词的用法。情态动词+have done的用法：情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。注意不同的情态动词和have done搭配的含义。表示推测的can have done一般用于疑问和否定句中。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. ‎ ‎42.be made考查固定词组。sth be made of精美的筷子可能非由金或银制成的筷子莫属。…某物由......制成，情态动词后跟动词原形，故填be made。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎【2016·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. ‎ ‎8.删除can或can改为should 考查虚拟语气。动词suggest作为建议的时候，后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”,所以本句可以删除can或can改为should。‎ ‎2015年高考英语试题 ‎1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer?‎ ‎—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.‎ A .may B .can C . must D .dare ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.‎ A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气。‎ ‎3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.‎ A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written ‎ C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】 考查虚拟语气 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测建议等含义，表示的含义不是客观存在的事实，此类的题目一般难度不大，主要找对时间状语，并且看分清时间状语与主句还是从句有关系，再来确定用对现在，过去还是将来的虚拟。‎ ‎4.【2015·重庆】12. You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.‎ A. must B. can C. will D. shall ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选A。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】must 表推测的用法 must 表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形。You have worked hard all day. You must be tired 你辛苦一整天，一定累了（对现在情况的推测判断）I didn’t hear the ‎ phone. I must have be asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。‎ ‎5.【2015·浙江】4. It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.‎ ‎ A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D needn’t ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。‎ ‎6.【2015·天津】7. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.‎ A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查情态动词。分析此题需抓住后句for my classmates here are very friendly to me.可知此处为本没有必要做某事，mightn’t也许不；mustn’t不允许；couldn’t不可能。再根据句意可以选出正确答案。‎ ‎7.【2015·天津】13. I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.‎ A. will be B. would be ‎ C. have been D. had been ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。3．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住时间状语last Tuesday，可以判断出此题wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。‎ ‎8.【2015·四川】2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!‎ A .must B. may C. can D. will ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选择A，意为：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】考查情态动词的用法。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析。因此考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别，然后根据句意选择正确的选项。选项B意为可能；选项C意为能够、有时会；选项D意为会、愿意等。根据句意，是说话人提出的要求，故选择A，表示必须。‎ ‎9.【2015·陕西】21. You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.‎ A. should B. need C. shall D. may ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，同样是“可能”can表示“客观上可能”，may/might表示“不太确定的可能”，should“按道理”应该。弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。‎ ‎10.【2015·陕西】23. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.‎ A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所以选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】虚拟语气表示一些事与愿违或和事实不符的情况。有一些规则要记忆，如一些固定句型，还有要记住这些句型中动词的形式。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，和过去相反用过去完成时，和将来相反用could/would do sth。‎ ‎11.【2015·福建】27.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.‎ ‎—Oh, it's too bad. You have made full preparations.‎ A. must B. can C. would D. should ‎【答案】D.‎ ‎【考点定位】考查考查情态动词+have done结构 ‎【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。‎ ‎12.【2015·江苏】28. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.‎ A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。‎ ‎【考点定位】虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。‎ ‎13.【2015·安徽】32.It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.‎ A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气和错综时间虚拟语气。比较常见的是if引导的虚拟条件句，由otherwise, or, without等引出的相反的情况被称为“含蓄虚拟语气”。or引出相反的情况，对过去虚拟，主句用would+have done，但是主句中有“now”，表示与现在相反，因此用would+动词原形。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【两年模拟】2017、2018名校模拟题及其答案解析 ‎2018年模拟题 ‎1．【北京市丰台区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】Even a small personal computer store vast amounts of information.‎ A. might B. can C. ought to D. has to ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：即使是一台小型个人电脑也能储存大量的信息。A. might可能；B. can能，会；C. ought to应该；D. has to不得不。此处表示一种能力，故答案为B。‎ ‎2．【北京市丰台区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】We packed all the hooks in wooden boxes so that they damaged.‎ A. don’t get B. won’t get C. didn’t get D. wouldn’t get ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查情态动词和时态。句意：我们把所有的钩子都装在木箱里，这样它们就不会被损坏。根据主句用过去时，这里表示“不会”，是将来可能的状态，故用过去将来时态，故答案为D。‎ ‎3．【北京市丰台区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】David didn’t attend his daughter’s graduation ceremony, but he does wish he there.‎ A. should be B. would be C. had been D. were ‎【答案】C ‎【点睛】‎ 虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中 动词wish后的宾语从句中，谓语动词须用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。通常有三种形式：①对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望时，宾语从句的谓语用：would(could, might)+动词原形。例：I wish he would try again. 我希望他再试一次。②表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，宾语从句的谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时。例：I wish I knew how to program the new computer.③对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时，宾语从句的谓语用“过去完成时或could/would have done”的形式。例：I wish you had come to our New Year’s party.‎ ‎4．【北京市朝阳区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】Come here, Mary. If you stand at this angle, you ______ just see the sunset.‎ A. must B. need C. can D. should ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查情态动词辨析。A. must必须；B. need需要；C. can能，会；D. should应该。句意：玛丽，到这儿来。如果你站在这个角度，就能看到日落。根据句意可知，此处应该表示能够，故选C.‎ ‎5．【北京市西城区2018届高三一模】Passengers _____ talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus off the road.‎ A. would not B. must not C. may not D. need not ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：当公共汽车开动时，乘客不得与司机交谈，因为这将把他的注意力从路上转移开。A. would not不会；B. must not禁止，不允许；C. may not可能不会；D. need not不必。此处表示“禁止，不允许”，故选B。‎ ‎6. 【北京市丰台区2018届高三上学期期末】—I’m sorry. I at you the other day.‎ ‎—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.‎ A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查情态动词shouldn’t have done的用法。前句中有明显的时间状语the other day (几天前)，事情发生在过去。句意是“对不起，前几天我不应该对你大嚷大叫。”所以要用“shouldn’t have done”。‎ ‎7. 【北京市房山区2016-2017学年度高三年级第二学期第一次模拟】—Mum, I am worrying about my pet dog while we are away.‎ ‎—Boy, you _____. Our neighbor has offered to help us.‎ A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎【答案】C ‎8.【北京市石景山区2018届高三上学期期末】Don’t live in the past, and you _____ focus your mind on the future.‎ A. may B. should C. will D. need ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查情态动词。A. may 或许，可能； B. should 应该； C. will 将要； D. need需要。句意：不要活在过去，你应该把你的注意力集中在未来。故选B。‎ ‎9. 【北京市通州区2017届高三第一次模拟】----I feel cold. ____ I close the window?‎ ‎----Sure. Go ahead!‎ A. Shall B. Need C. Would D. Should ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查情态动词。上句：我感到冷。我可以把窗户关住吗？下句：当然可以，关吧。Shall用于问句的第一、三人称中表示征求建议、许可。故选A。‎ ‎10.（2018·滨海7校联考）—Are you coming to Jeff’s party?‎ ‎—I’m not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead.‎ A. must B. would C. should D. might ‎【答案】D 考点：情态动词辨析 ‎【吉林省长春市2018届高三年级四模】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ No matter where you are, humans are constantly measuring and checking time. Some of us are good at it—planning and doing things ahead of time, ___41___others are always trying to beat the clock and do things at the eleventh hour.‎ Tardiness (拖拉) can be serious. If you ___42___ (be) one minute late for work, would you resign? It may sound extreme, but that is exactly ___43___ occurred in the UK upper chamber of parliament, the House of Lords, in January 2018. International development minister Lord Bates arrived one minute late, and, as a result, was unable to answer a ___44___ (schedule) question. Instead of trying ___45___ (make) up for lost time, as many might do, he resigned on ___46___ spot. He apologized for his discourtesy (无礼) and stated that he was ashamed. His resignation, though, ___47___ (reject) by the UK prime minister.‎ So, how late is too late? Many cultures take punctuality very seriously. In contrast, others seem to view tardiness ___48___ just the normal way of things. What is considered acceptable is based on culture. That is, if you don’t mind waiting, it might be best to attend your ___49___ (appoint) in good time. And if the worst comes to the worst, remember the old English proverb, “ ____50____ (well) late than never.”‎ ‎【答案】41. while ‎ ‎42. were 43. what ‎ ‎44. scheduled ‎ ‎45. to make ‎ ‎46. the 47. was rejected ‎ ‎48. as 49. appointment(s) ‎ ‎50. Better ‎【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了不同文化中人们对迟到的不同看法。‎ ‎41. 考查连词。该空的前一句说“我们中的一些人擅长提前计划和做事情”，后一句说“其他的人总是试图在最后一刻赶时间做事情”，两句话之间是对比关系，所以这里应该填连词while。‎ ‎43. 考查连接代词。本句是表语从句，从句中缺少的成分是主语，这里的主语指代的是事情，所以用what。‎ ‎44. 考查形容词。在冠词a和名词question之间应该用形容词，所以把schedule变成形容词形式scheduled（预定的）。‎ ‎45. 考查动词不定式。固定搭配try to do sth（试图干某事），所以这里填to make。‎ ‎46. 考查定冠词。固定短语on the spot（在现场）。句意：他并没有像许多人那样，试图弥补失去的时间，而是当场辞职。所以这里应该填冠词the。‎ ‎47. 考查时态和语态。根据本段时态和句意可知，主语resignation和reject为动宾关系，故用过去时的被动形式。句意：尽管他的辞呈被英国首相拒绝了。故用was rejected。‎ ‎48. 考查介词。固定搭配view…as…把…看作….。句意：相比之下，其他人似乎认为迟到是正常的事情。所以这里填as。‎ ‎49. 考查名词。形容词性物主代词后面应该跟名词。句意：如果你不介意等的话，最好在合适的时间去参加你的约会。所以这里填appointment(s)。‎ ‎50. 考查副词比较级。英语谚语“Better late than never”(迟做总比不做好)。所以这里应该填Better。‎ ‎2017年模拟题 ‎1. 【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】—Where are you going to hang the picture?‎ ‎—I haven’t decided yet. I ________ hang it in the dining room.‎ A. might B. must C. need D. would ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你准备把这幅画挂在哪？——我还不确定，可能会把它挂在餐厅。根据前一句可知，此人并不确定要把这幅画挂在哪，may/might可表示“可能性”，故选A。‎ ‎2. 【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】 If you were to have a few minutes free, I______ the opportunity to ask you one more question.‎ A. would appreciate B. would have appreciated C. were to appreciate D. had appreciated ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你有几分钟的空闲时间，我将会珍惜这个机会再问您一个问题。将来时的虚拟语气中，从句为：if+主语+were to do/should do/动词过去式，主句为：主语+should/would +do，故选A。‎ ‎3. 【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】We      be careful with the words we say when we are angry.‎ A. may B. can C. might D. should ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：当我们生气的时候我们应该注意我们的话。should表“应该”，符合语境，故选D。‎ ‎4. 【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】 Without our team's great effort, the art exhibition last week ____such a great success.‎ A. wouldn't be B. won't be C. wouldn't have been D. won't have been ‎【答案】C ‎5. 【2017届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟】After making the speech, he went through it in his mind to reflect where he_________ better.‎ A. could do B. would do C. could have done D. would have done ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查情态动词与虚拟语气。句意：演讲完成之后，他在脑子里想了一遍，反省还有哪些地方他本来可以做得更好。could have done表示未曾实现的能力：即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能够”等，故选C。‎ ‎6. 【2017届江苏省南通、扬州、泰州、淮安四市高三下学期第三次模拟】—I can’t think why he ______ so angry. I meant no offence.‎ ‎—It’s typical of him to be sensitive.‎ A. should have been B. must have been C. might have been D. can have been ‎【答案】A ‎【名师点睛】‎ 情态动词+have done用法总结：‎ 一、 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。‎ ‎1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。‎ ‎2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。‎ 二、 “can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。‎ ‎1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。‎ ‎2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。‎ 三、 “can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。‎ ‎1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？‎ ‎2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？‎ 四、 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。‎ He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。‎ 五、 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。‎ ‎—What has happened to George?‎ ‎—I don't know. He may have got lost.‎ ‎—乔治发生了什么事？——我不知道，他可能迷路了。‎ 六、 “might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。‎ ‎1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。‎ ‎2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。‎ 七、 “would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。‎ ‎1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。‎ ‎2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。‎ 八、 “should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。‎ ‎1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。‎ ‎2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。‎ 九、 “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。‎ I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。‎ You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。‎ 十、 “need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。‎ I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。‎ He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。‎ would like to have done sth 本打算做某事 I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.‎ would rather +have done 当时宁愿做了 或没做 I would rather have refuse his offer ‎7.【2017届天津市河北区高三总复习质量检测（二）】One of our rules is that every student    wear school uniform while at school.‎ A. might B. could C. shall D. will ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】C 考察情态动词。句义：我们的规定就是每个学生在校期间都要穿校服。Shall用语二三人称，表示警告，命令，允诺，威胁，本句市中是规定。故C正确。‎ ‎8.【2017届天津市十二重点中学高三毕业班联考（二）】The new supermarket has announced that the first to purchase goods on the opening day      get a big prize.‎ A. must B. shall C. would D. could ‎【答案】B ‎9. 【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】 Obviously,a good habit      help us to speed up to reach our destinations.‎ A. need B. must C. can D. shall ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：显而易见，一个好习惯能帮助我们加速到达目的地。need需要；must必须；can能；shall应该；故选C。‎ ‎10. 【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】—Can't you drive a little faster?‎ ‎—No. If I ________ another speeding ticket, my dad would take away my car.‎ A. would get B. would have got C. had got D. got ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——你就不能开的更快一点？——不能，如果我再有一个超速罚单，我爸爸会带走我的车。根据语境，表示与现在事实相反，所以用一般过去时，故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 ‎1.—Penny’s baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table.‎ ‎—Luckily for her. She ________ sick or even died.‎ A. could have got B. should have got C. must have got D. will have got ‎【答案】A ‎2. — What happened to the young trees we planted last week?‎ ‎— The trees __________ well, but I didn’t water them.‎ A. might grow B. would have grown C. needn’t have grown D. would grow ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。would have done表示对过去已发生的事情的推测，表示“可能……”，句意：——我们上星期种的小树怎么了？——如果我过去给它浇水的话，它可能已经长得很好了。故最佳答案是B项。【名师点睛】‎ 虚拟语气 在表示假想的、虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，‎ 此题是与过去事实相反的虚拟，主句应该用would have done。would have done 是对过去事情的虚拟，本可以做却没做，第二空根据后面使用了转折but 来看，表示事实上没有浇水，是过去的事实，用一般过去式。‎ ‎3. The new supermarket announced that the first to purchase goods on the opening day______________ get a big prize.‎ A. must B. will C. shall D. need ‎【答案】C 考点：考查情态动词。‎ ‎4.    ______more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Interact games, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.‎ A. If I devoted B. Had I devoted C. Would I be devoted D. Should I be devoted ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查时间错综的虚拟条件句。此处主句用过去完成时，表示与过去的事实相反，如果省略if要用倒装句；从句用would + 动词原形的形式，表示与现在的事实相反。‎ ‎5. ----Why didn’t you call me?‎ ‎----Oh, my cell-phone ran out of power, otherwise I _________ you.‎ A. would call B. would have called C. called D. had called ‎15.D考察虚拟语态的辨析。由题意，我的手机没电了，否则我会打给你，“否则我会打给你”是对过去事实的虚拟，故选D。‎ ‎6. You ______ use your cell phone here in our hospital because of the disturbance to the electronic equipment! It’s forbidden.‎ A. shouldn’t B. may not C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：因为会对电子设备造成干扰，所以在医院里禁止使用手机。 A. shouldn’t 不应该。B. may not 可能不，表否定推测，语气较弱。C. needn’t 没必要。D. mustn’t表禁止。故答案为D。‎ 考点：考查情态动词的用法 ‎7. The boy might have drowned but for the fact that his father _________ beside him on the deck at that time.‎ A. was standing B. stood C. had stood D. would have stood ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：要不是因为那个男孩的父亲当时在甲板上站在他旁边，他可能就会溺水了。but for要不是，引导含蓄虚拟条件句，在此相当于if it hadn’t been for；the fact后跟同位语从句，对其补充说明，父亲站在男孩身旁是事实，因此从句不使用虚拟语气；根据“at that time”可知，应该用过去进行时，故选A。‎ ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气和时态 ‎8. The match sounds fantastic; how I wish I _________ it like you.‎ A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. have watched ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。 句意：那场比赛听上去真是精彩。我多么希望像你一样看过那场比赛啊！此题考查I wish后面的从句中虚拟语气的用法。依据前面句子的意思可以看出比赛已经发生过了，所以I wish后面的从句中要用虚拟语气，用过去完成时来表示与过去事实相反，故选B。‎ ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气 ‎9. Tell your parents if you’re sad or struggling with something. They _______ not know that you’re having problems.‎ A. must B. should C. could D. might ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：遇到问题要告诉父母，不然他们可能不知道。故用might表示“可能”。must与not连用表示 “禁止”；should应该；could能够。故选D项。‎ 考点：情态动词 ‎10. My goal for 2016 is to achieve the goals of 2015, which I______ in 2014, as I promised in 2013 and planed in 2012.‎ ‎ A. could have done B. might have done C. should have done D. would have done ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查情态动词 ‎11. Depression, a mental problem that often results from fierce competition and great pressures in life, _______ be a destructive illness if not treated properly.‎ A. must B. should C. need D. can ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：沮丧——通常是由于生活中的激烈竞争和巨大压力造成的精神问题，如果不妥善应对，可能会成为一种破坏性的疾病。can表示“可能会，有时会”。must 必须；should应该；need需要。故选D项。‎ 考点：情态动词 ‎12. It is in life as in a journey. One _______ as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.‎ A. must B. may C. can D. shall ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：生命就是一次旅程。凡事一知半解不如不知。may as well此处表示“不妨，还是……的好”，用于提出建议。故选B项。‎ 考点：情态动词 ‎13.—What do you think of her performance in the match?‎ ‎—He _______, but today was not his day.‎ A. need have scored B. could have scored C. should score D. would ‎ score ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 句意：—你认为他在比赛中的表现怎么样？—他本能够得分的，但今天他不走运。could have done“本能够（本可以）做，但实际上未做”。‎ 考点：虚拟语气 ‎14．— Tom fell off the bike yesterday, but he is all right now.‎ ‎     — What a lucky dog! He _________ himself badly.‎ ‎     A. should injure        B.  could have injured          C. should have injured    D. might injure ‎ ‎【答案】B 考点：考查情态动词的完成式 ‎15. Meanwhile, ________ Wal-Mart succeed at shrinking its environmental footprint and lowering prices for green products, both the planet and the company will profit．‎ A. would B. could C.should D. might ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：，句意：同时,如果沃尔玛在减少环境足迹和降低绿色产品价格方面成功的话,这个星球和公司都将获利。这里使用should，是if虚拟条件句的省略倒装，相当于If Wal-Mart should succeed at shrinking its environmental footprint…., 所以选C。‎ 考点：考查情态动词 ‎16. According to the school rules, no students carrying cell phones ______ be allowed to enter the campus.‎ A. must B. shall C. should D. need ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 句意：根据学校规定，不允许学生携带手机进校园。shall用于法律,法规,公文,条约中,表示义务或规定,一般用于第三人称。‎ 考点：情态动词 ‎17．“The money _________all go to his son, according to the will made by Mr Green,” declared the judge.‎ A. should B. must C .shall D. may ‎【答案】C。‎ 考点：考查情态动词 ‎18. — Tom knocked into the banisters（栏杆） last night while driving, but she is all right.‎ ‎— He is lucky. He himself badly.‎ A. could have injured  B. might injure C. should have injured  D. should injure ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 句意：--玛丽昨晚开车的时候撞到了栏杆上，但是她没事。--她很幸运，她本来可能伤的很严重的。因为玛丽没事，所以伤的严重只是虚拟语气，因为是对过去的虚拟，所以排除BD，should have done本应该做而没做，不符合句意，could have done过去本可能做而没做，所以选A。‎ 考点：考查情态动词的虚拟语气 ‎19. — I didn’t watch the program “Where are we going, Dad?” yesterday.‎ ‎— I________, either, if my father hadn’t reminded me.‎ A．wouldn’t have　　　 B．didn’t C．wouldn’t 　　D．hadn’t ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：--昨天我没有看《爸爸去哪里》。--如果我爸爸没有提醒我，我也不会看的。从条件句if ‎ my father hadn’t reminded me.可知是和过去相反的虚拟语气，主句用would have done，所以选C。‎ 考点：考查虚拟条件句 ‎20. This nationwide smog should serve as a reminder to all, indicating a high time that we ______ on what we've done to the environment. ‎ A. have reflected B. are reflecting C. will reflect D. reflected ‎ ‎【答案】D 考点：考查虚拟语气 ‎ ‎