专题10书面表达（讲）-2017年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题10书面表达（讲）-2017年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

www.ks5u.com ‎2017届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲案】‎ 专题10 书面表达 ‎【构建知识体系】‎ 基础写作 考点1记叙文型书面表达 考点2应用文型书面表达 考点3说明文型书面表达 考点4议论文型书面表达 ‎2015-2016年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计 试卷 新课标Ⅰ 新课标Ⅱ 年份 ‎2015年 ‎2016年 ‎2015年 ‎2016年 命题形式 文字提示 文字提示 文字提示 文字提示 写作内容 给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，内容是美国节日风俗和中学生生活 暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历(résumé)。给外教Ms Jenkins 写信 邀请外教一起去敬老院陪老人过重阳节 校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学生摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信 体裁 应用文(书信)‎ 应用文(书信)‎ 应用文(电子邮件)‎ 应用文(书信)‎ ‎【考纲解读】‎ 考试大纲 要求 考纲解读 根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：‎ 书面表达的评分标准：1.信息内容的完整性(Completeness)；2.信息内容的连贯性(Coherence)‎ ‎（1）准确使用语法和词汇；（2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。‎ 要求考生根据所给情景，用英语写一篇100个单词左右的短文。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。‎ ‎；3.句子结构的正确性(Correctness)；4.句子结构的复杂性(Variety)。‎ ‎【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向 假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历(résumé)。给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。‎ 注意：1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version: ‎ Dear Ms Jenkins，‎ I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favour.‎ In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a parttime job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my job application and personal résumé. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal résumé， so I don't even know if there is something to pay attention to. So, I'm writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can help me.‎ Looking forward to your reply. And I'd be really thankful.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎ 假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学生摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信，请他提供作品。信的内容包括：‎ ‎1．主题：环境保护；‎ ‎2．展览时间；‎ ‎3．投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool.com。 ‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ One possible version: ‎ Dear Peter，‎ ‎ Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and you've always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school. This is surely a good change for more people to see them. If you want to join, you can send your photos to intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.‎ ‎ Hope to hear from you soon.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎ 假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1．表示歉意；‎ ‎2．说明原因；‎ ‎3．另约时间。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ One possible version: ‎ Dear Bob，‎ I am sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. I have just found that I have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon. I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.‎ Shall we go on Saturday morning? We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books. If it is convenient for you, let's meet at 8：30 outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time suits you best. I should be available any time after school next week.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎【高考预测】‎ 纵观近几年全国高考试题，虽未出现此类题型，但可以预测2017年全国高考试题可能会 ‎①‎ 题材贴近考生的学习和生活。历年来全国高考书面表达的题材都非常贴近考生的学习生活，如：就暑假赴英学习英语向招生大学询问有关情况、邀请外教一起去敬老院陪老人过重阳节、畅想十年后的自己等。可以预料2017年高考写作题的题材还会在这些范围之内，并为考生所熟悉。‎ ‎②写作的体裁主要是应用文。命题形式多为文字提示或文字+图表，以书信为主。  ‎ ‎【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点　‎ 考点一 记叙文型书面表达 ‎【例1】 ‎ 假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a greener earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。‎ 注意：词数不少于60。‎ 提示词：地球日Earth Day ‎ ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【思路点拨】 该情景作文是关于环保类话题“地球日”活动，写出时间、地点、人物、事件和感想，最后上升到环保或社会责任均可。‎ ‎【内容要点】 1. 获知信息 ‎2. 创作 ‎3. 发布(或宣传)‎ ‎4. 演讲 One possible version: ‎ Actions for a greener earth ‎ A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth. ‎ ‎ Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We brought to our classroom wornout clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles, and turned those into dolls, handbags, tissue boxes and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighbourhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school. ‎ ‎ We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.‎ ‎ ‎ 规律方法1：记叙文型书面表达 记叙文是以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体，包括记人、记事方面的故事、日记、游记、新闻、通讯等。记叙文通常要将时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果这六个要素交代清楚。通常使用第一人称或第三人称来写，第一人称主要用于写自传或本人的经历，第三人称用于写他人的经历或事迹。写作时要注意以下几点：‎ ‎(1)注意不要漏掉信息点，但也不要为了生动而随意添加信息。‎ ‎(2)信息点的表述不一定完全按照题目所给的顺序，可能要适当重组。要特别注意故事发展的线索和时间顺序等。‎ ‎(3)记叙文写作的时态多数用一般过去时，但也要注意灵活运用其他时态。‎ ‎(4)高考中记叙文的话题通常是与中学生的生活阅历有关，如校园生活、旅游、交通、交友等，因此平时要注意积累这些方面的词汇。 ‎ ‎【变式精练】（北京市第八十中学2016届高三下学期开学（零模）检测）‎ 第二节（20分） ‎77.假设你是红星中学高二（1）班的学生李华。下面四幅图描述了上周五你在放学路上，撞倒一位骑车老人并实施救助的过程。请根据图片的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记。‎ 注意： 1．文章的开头已为你写好；2．词数不少于60。 ‎4‎ ‎3‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ Last Friday ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Possible version:‎ Last Friday, as usual I rode my bike home. But at a crossing, I accidentally knocked an old man off his bike. I hurried over and found his leg was injured. Nervous and worried, I called my mom and told her what had happened. We decided to take him to the hospital first.‎ Soon after we arrived at the hospital, my mother came. The doctor gave the old man a thorough examination. To our delight and relief, there was nothing seriously wrong with him. We thanked the doctor and left.‎ After that, we went back to where the bike was parked only to find it didn’t work. So I immediately found a repairman to get it fixed. Before the old man left, my mom offered him our cell phone number in case he needed to contact us. Then the old man got on his bike and we waved goodbye to each other.‎ The accident made me realize that in the first place we should be careful to avoid accidents, but once they occur, we should take responsibility.‎ ‎【亮点说明】‎ 所写内容连贯、结构紧凑，运用了多样的句式和丰富的词汇。比如：Nervous and worried做状语，地点状语从句where the bike was parked 和动词不定式only to find it didn’t work以及 get it fixed还有in case，once等连词有效地使语句间连接紧凑。‎ 考点：考查图画作文。‎ 考点二 应用文型书面表达 ‎【例2】‎ 假如你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意。请给该校写一封信，询问有关情况。（箭头所指内容）‎ 注意：1.词数100左右 ‎ 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文流畅。‎ 3. 参考词汇：住宿—accommodation ‎【答案】‎ Dear Sir/Madam,‎ I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.I’ve seen your ad,and I’d like to know something more about your six-week English course.First,when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week?Besides,I wish there would not be too many students in a class.I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.Would there be host family or university dormitory?‎ I am looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours faithfully,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】李华计划暑假期间去英国学习英语为期六周,看到广告后自己感觉有一些问题广告里不清楚，想要给校方写信咨询有关事项，考生要清楚这是一封信，要符合信的格式。这是考生非常熟悉的一个应用文文体。考生要注意动词时态的变化，以一般现在时为主，兼有将来时，比如：功课什么时间开始?这是将来的事情。注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。使用一些高级句型和词汇来提高作文档次。‎ ‎【亮点说明】短文用了一些短语，增加了文章的色彩，如：plan to do sth ;would like to do sth;pay for; look forward to doing/sth等；用了一些过渡词如：First ；Besides等，使文章过渡自然；用了一些连词使句子结构复杂化不再单一。如：I’d also like to know ‎ how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.并且wish后用了虚拟语气，增加了文章的亮点。‎ 考点：考查书信应用文。‎ 规律方法2：应用文型基础写作 应用文是指在日常生活和工作中为某种具体的实用目的而写的文体，主要有书信、通知、海报、请柬、请假条、便条、日记、启事、祝辞、履历表等。应用文的语言力求平实、准确、简洁。由于应用文的使用广泛而频繁，其表达的内容结构严谨、易于理解掌握，所以写作时要注意以下几点：‎ ‎(1)正式的应用文有比较规范的格式，但高考中的基础写作至今尚未考查过格式，只要求准确地表达正文内容。‎ ‎(2)注意时态，如日记常用过去时态，通知、请柬通常要用将来时态，而履历表用现在时态。‎ ‎(3)应用文的写作往往有一些特定的习惯语句或套话，这些语句在考试中可能会被考查到，所以要重点掌握。 ‎ ‎ 【变式精练】‎ 一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“十年后的我”，请根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。‎ ‎1.家庭：‎ ‎2．工作：‎ ‎3.业余生活。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右：‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯：‎ ‎3.开头语已为你写好。‎ I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 用到了宾语从句in whatever I do、I will work in a computer company as a program designer等，这些都给 朴素的语言带来了亮点。‎ 考点：考查提纲作文。‎ 考点三 说明文型基础写作 ‎【例3】‎ 以下是一本图书的基本信息及相关报道。‎ 基本信息：‎ ‎(1)书名：Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother ‎(2)作者：Amy Chua，美籍华人，耶鲁大学教授 ‎(3)出版时间：2010年 ‎(4)内容：作者用中国传统方式教育两个女儿的故事 ‎(5)效应：引发中美教育方式孰优孰劣的讨论 相关报道：‎ ‎(1)中文版：2011年初开始在中国销售 ‎(2)意外反应：多数中国妈妈不赞同作者的做法 ‎(3)最新消息：17岁的大女儿已被哈佛大学和耶鲁大学录取 参考词汇：耶鲁：Yale；哈佛：Harvard 写作内容 根据以上信息写一篇图书介绍，内容包括：‎ ‎1．图书的基本信息；‎ ‎2．图书的相关报道。‎ 写作要求 只能用5个句子表达全部内容。‎ 评分标准 句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ The book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother written by Amy Chua，a Chinese American，who is a professor in Yale University，was published in 2010.The book is about how the author educated her two daughters with Chinese traditional education mode，which brought about heated discussion about which is better between Chinese education mode and American education mode.In early 2011，the book came onto the market in China.Contrary to people’s expectations，most of the Chinese mothers are not in favor of the author’s way she educated children.However，according to the latest news，her elder daughter，has been admitted into Yale University as well as Harvard University.‎ ‎【名师点拨】‎ 内容提示中共有10个要点，第一个句子包含了书名、作者名、籍贯、职业以及出书时间5个要点，而且句式中有过去分词作定语，同位语和定语从句，该句不仅信息量大而且句式复杂而又流畅。第二个句子包含书的内容及效应，其句式结构复杂，先是介后宾语从句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，同时定语从句中还含有一个宾语从句，体现了语言基本功的扎实。另外，后三个句子中的过渡性词汇使用恰当：in early 2011；contrary to people’s expectations；however；as well as等。一篇好的作文首先是要点齐全，第二是句式丰富、高级，第三是过渡性词汇恰当。‎ 规律方法3：说明文型基础写作 说明文是用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化、结果的文章。高考中，说明文常见的话题有：产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。近几年的说明文主要是即时性的说明文。写这类文章需注意以下几点：‎ ‎(1)首先要读题审题，弄清需要介绍的内容，把握信息要点，不可遗漏也不能添加。‎ ‎(2)写作内容要条理清楚、层次分明。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法和因果法等； 说明自然环境方面的内容常用时空次序法和分类法等。‎ ‎(3)时态常用一般现在时，若是介绍其历史，要用一般过去时； 语态可能用到被动语态； 若是介绍地点环境等，要善于运用there be结构。 ‎ ‎【变式精练】【2015届广东省中山一中等七校高三第一次联考】‎ 中国的传统节日中秋节马上就要到了，你的美国笔友Mike请你在他们的校报上介绍一下中秋节的情况，请你根据下表写一篇短文。‎ ‎【写作内容】中秋节简介 时间 每年阴历八月十五日，是中国最重要的传统节日之一。‎ 范围 中国及亚洲其它一些国家都会庆祝。‎ 象征 人们认为月亮是团圆、运气、财富的象征，在那天会互相表达祝福。‎ 方式 在那一天，人们通常回家与家人团聚，共聚晚餐。人们还会吃月饼，那是一种圆圆的饼，里面有肉、果仁、鸡蛋等。‎ ‎【写作要求】只能使用5个英语句子表达全部内容。‎ ‎【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ The Mid-autumn Festival, which is one of the most important traditional festivals in China, falls on August 15th of the Lunar calendar every year. Not only is it popular in China but it is also celebrated in many other Asian countries. People believe that the moon is a symbol of reunion, luck and fortune, and it is a custom to express best wishes to the beloved ones at this particular time. On that day people usually go back home to have family reunion, enjoying a large meal with their family. They will also eat moon cakes, which are round cakes with meat, eggs, nuts and other things inside. ‎ ‎【名师点拨】‎ ‎1.节日的介绍一般应包括过节的时间、方式，有时还会说到节日的历史和意义。因传统节日是年年过的, 所以用一般现在时。‎ ‎2. 必须使用亮点句型：特别是从句、非谓语动词，句子要尽可能长一点。‎ 考点四 议论文型基础写作 ‎【例4】（浙江省杭州市五校联盟2016届高三年级上学期第一次诊断）‎ 第二节：书面表达（满分30分）‎ 近年来，很多父母选择陪伴孩子读书学习，陪读已成为一种普遍现象。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文，内容应包括：‎ ‎1．简要描述陪读现象；‎ ‎2．分析父母陪读的原因（2至3个）；‎ ‎3．发表你对此的看法。‎ 注意：词数120词左右。‎ Should Our Parents Accompany Us in Studying at School?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ ‎【答案】‎ Should Our Parents Accompany Us in Studying at School?‎ In recent years, many parents choose to accompany their children in studying, which has aroused a wide concern.‎ These parents are willing to leave their hometown, even quit their jobs to follow their children into the campus. Most of them rent an apartment nearby so as to take good care of their children. Parents consider it necessary to offer a better living condition to the kids. Meanwhile, it can allow them to keep track of the kids’ academic performance.‎ Nevertheless, what they’ve ignored is that it will get their kids into the habit of being dependent. Thus, they will never develop the ability of self-control in the future.‎ Trust leads to independence. So it seems to me that parents should create room for children’s growth and study in order to ensure their overall development.‎ ‎【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，用Meanwhile, so，Nevertheless和 thus使层次分明，而且使用了多种句式和结构。比如主语从句和表语从句what they’ve ignored is that it will get their kids into the habit of being dependent ，it seems to me that…和非限制性定语从句which has aroused a wide concern.。还有短语willing to, keep track of等。‎ 考点：考查提纲作文。‎ 规律方法4：议论文型基础写作 议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，以表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是：观点正确、概括得当、有实际意义，能恰当地综合运用各种表达方式； 论据的基本要求是：真实可靠、充分典型； 论证的基本要求是：推理必须符合逻辑。议论文的写作要注意以下几点：(1)准确找出论点、论据及其之间的相互关系，即找出要点。‎ ‎ (2)合理安排材料的顺序，即论点、论据和结论之间的表述方式。(3)注意文章的时态、语态等。议论文通常用一般现在时，但叙述过去的事实时，应用过去时态； 预测将来的事情时，要用将来时态。议论文也经常使用被动语态； 有时假设一种虚拟情况时，还需要用虚拟语气。‎ ‎ 【变式精练】根据下图为某英语杂志写一篇题为“The importance of communication”的稿件，描述下面的漫画内容并谈谈自己的观点。‎ ‎1. 描述图片；‎ ‎2. 简单举例以表达个人观点。‎ 只能用5个句子表达全部内容。‎ 句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ The importance of communication We can see from the picture that just beside the door, two men are holding a heavy box and they are very tired, with sweat pouring down from their faces. Though each of them makes great efforts to move the box, it still stays at the same place, for they have opposite opinions in their minds. One thinks that it should be carried out of the room, while the other considers that it should be carried in.‎ If they share their opinions, they can reach an agreement and work together to move the box much more easily and save a lot of time and energy. ‎ So good communication is the first step towards effective work.‎ ‎【名师点拨】‎ 以漫画为素材的书面表达，内容一般分为两个部分：1.仔细观察并介绍漫画的内容。2.根据漫画的内容写出与之相关的评论，也就是把表面现象上升到理性的高度。成文时要注意前后两部分的内容长度，应该基本相当。‎