【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题名词考点解读（6页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题名词考点解读（6页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 名词考点解读 在高考中，语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。‎ 在语法填空和短文改错中，解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分，判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。‎ ‎(一)语法填空常考点 ‎1．名词复数的规则变化 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mum — she never suspects.‎ ‎②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ‎ 一般在名词词尾直接加s：‎ day天→days　　change变化→changes member成员→members painting油画→paintings friend朋友→friends nation国家→nations interest利益→interests book书→books paintings (painting)．‎ ‎③(2016·聊城模拟)In the rush hour, there were so many cars and buses (bus) on the road, so I was stuck.‎ ‎④(2016·江西九校联考)More than 300 coaches (coach) have been invited to the meeting.‎ 词尾是s, x, ch, sh时，一般加es：‎ bus公共汽车→buses　fox狐狸→foxes coach教练→coaches 注意：stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。‎ ‎⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent studies (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.‎ ‎⑥(2016·四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.‎ 词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为ies：‎ study研究→studies　enemy敌人→enemies difficulty困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s：‎ guy家伙→guys key钥匙→keys ‎⑦(2016·郑州5月模拟)For several weeks, Mrs. Edwards hoped to be one of the lucky housewives (housewife) like many of her friends.‎ 词尾是f或fe时，多将f或fe变为ves：‎ shelf架子→shelves　　　knife刀子→knives wolf狼→wolves housewife家庭主妇→housewives ‎⑧(2016·潍坊二模)They took some photos (photo) when they visited China.‎ ‎⑨(2016·太原模拟)The little boy ate so many fried potatoes (potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn.‎ 词尾是o的名词，有些直接加s，有些加es：‎ piano钢琴→pianos　 photo相片→photos zoo动物园→zoos tomato番茄→tomatoes potato土豆→potatoes ‎2．名词复数的不规则变化 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2016·大庆高三第一次模拟)Unfortunately, a great many deer (deer) have been killed in the past decade.‎ 单复数同形的名词：‎ sheep 绵羊　　deer鹿　　means手段　　works工厂 series系列　　aircraft飞行器　　Chinese中国人 ‎②(2016·江西八校一模)However, the grass under our feet (foot) is green enough. As an old saying goes, he who is content with what he has is always happy. Happiness consists in contentment.‎ 自身有特殊变化的名词：‎ child孩子→children　man男人→men woman女人→women tooth牙→teeth foot脚；英尺→feet mouse老鼠→mice medium传播媒介→media crisis危机→crises ‎3．名词的固定搭配 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2014·全国卷样题)Oh, dear. I really must be losing my memory/mind. Now, why did I put on my coat？‎ ‎②(2014·辽宁高考)Unbelievable！Oh ..., if you don’t mind, I’ll stop and take a deep breath.‎ ‎③(2016·江西上饶三模)They are always gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making preparations (prepare) for the long cold winter.‎ ‎④(2015·湖北高考改编)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall.‎ ‎(1)动词＋名词 lose one’s memory/mind　　　　失忆/精神错乱 keep one’s word/promise 守信用，遵守诺言 ‎ take a breath 喘口气 lose one’s balance 失去平衡 ‎(2)动词＋名词＋介词 cause damage to 给……造成损伤 have mercy on/show mercy to 怜悯……‎ take pride in 以……为自豪 ‎ make preparations for 为……作准备 ‎(3)动词＋介词＋名词 put into practice 实行，实施 come to life 苏醒过来，活跃起来 get into trouble 陷入麻烦 ‎(二)短文改错常考点 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 我来改正 常设错点(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.‎ ‎②(2016·四川高考)Mom has a fulltime job, but she has to do most of the houseworks.‎ ‎③(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. ‎ ‎①knowledges→knowledge ‎②houseworks→housework ‎③airs→air 可数名词与不可数名词的错用 误把不可数名词当作可数名词，例如纯抽象名词progress, freedom, luggage, advice, housework, fun, information, weather, anger等都只能用作不可数名词。‎ ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.‎ ‎⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. ‎ ‎⑥(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for ‎ ‎④year→years ‎⑤parent→parents ‎⑥第一个hour→hours 可数名词单复数的错用 ‎(1)有些名词常以复数形式出现，例如shoulders, trousers, parents等；‎ ‎(2)可数名词前有数词、数量词、some或one of ...等修饰，则该名词应用复数形式；‎ ‎(3)在指示代词this, that后用单数名词；在these, those后用复数名词。‎ one hour every day.‎ ‎[名词专练]‎ ‎1．As we know, McDonald’s is one of the bestknown restaurants (restaurant) in the US and even around the world.‎ ‎2．Yesterday the firemen (fireman) examined the ground but were not able to find any clues to the cause of the fire.‎ ‎3．If a young man wants to become a singer, he should take some special courses (course) in this area because they will help him improve singing abilities. ‎ ‎4．As far as I know, two car thieves (thief) have been caught in our community.‎ ‎5．We have made preparations (prepare) to move to new offices.‎ ‎6．—How can I take the medicine, sir?‎ ‎—Just follow the directions (direct) on the bottle.‎ ‎7．It is not what you are thinking about but how you can put it into practice that counts.‎ ‎8．The dream of going to the firstclass universities attracts us greatly and we have made up our minds to achieve it.‎ ‎9．She cycled round the corner, lost her balance and fell off.‎ ‎10．Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. On the other hand,_it could just put you in debt.‎