2019届二轮复习短文语法填空专题有提示词为非谓语动词解题指导（一）：了解句法功能，判断非谓语形式

2019届二轮复习短文语法填空专题有提示词为非谓语动词解题指导（一）：了解句法功能，判断非谓语形式

‎2019届二轮复习短文语法填空专题有提示词为非谓语动词解题指导（一）：了解句法功能，判断非谓语形式 技法一 ‎ 了解句法功能，判断非谓语形式 分析句子所缺少的成分，以便选择恰当的形式。非谓语动词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语。理解非谓语动词的句法功能是判断非谓语形式的关键。‎ ‎(一)作目的状语时用不定式，且只能用不定式的一般式 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.‎ 解析：to see　句意：你不必跑得很快，也不必跑很长时间就见到效果。不定式短语to see作目的状语。‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality.‎ 解析：to improve　句意：政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来改善水质。故用不定式to improve作目的状语。‎ ‎3．(2017·6月浙江高考)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring (cook) a meal.‎ 解析：to cook　根据语境可知，Pahlsson摘掉钻戒的目的是做饭，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to cook。‎ ‎(二)作伴随状语、方式状语和结果状语时用现在分词 ‎4．(2018·江苏高考改编)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.‎ 解析：exceeding　句意：在这段时期大约创造了13 500个新工作，超过了市场分析家认为的12 000 的预期数字。分析句子结构可知，were created是谓语，空处应用非谓语动词形式。再结合语境可知，此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。‎ ‎5．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.‎ 解析：using　逻辑主语people 与use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词using作方式状语。‎ ‎6．Finally I refused to attend classes， (shut) myself in my room for hours.‎ 解析：shutting　句意：最后，我拒绝上课，把自己关在房间几个小时。refused和shut之间没有并列连词，故可判断设空处应为非谓语动词作状语。主语I与shut之间为逻辑上的主动关系，且shut与refused同时发生，故设空处表示伴随，故填shutting。注意：shut的现在分词形式需要双写“t”。‎ ‎7．(2018·浙江宁波九校联考)I like staying up late (watch) TV, surfing the Internet or doing something I’m fond of.‎ 解析：watching　逻辑主语I与watch之间为主动关系，表示伴随状态，故填现在分词watching。‎ ‎8．(2019·河北唐山一次调研)What’s worse, his wife abandoned him， (leave) him alone with his sixyearold younger son.‎ 解析：leaving　句意：更糟糕的是，他的妻子离他而去，留下他自己和6岁的小儿子。设空处作结果状语，主语his wife与leave为逻辑上的主动关系，故填leaving。‎ ‎(三)作介词的宾语时用动名词 ‎9．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.‎ 解析：dying　reduce one’s risk of ...“降低某人……的风险”，此处介词of后跟动名词形式， 故填dying。‎ ‎10．(2018·沈阳质量检测)You could easily pay with your smartphone by (scan) the seller’s QR code.‎ 解析：scanning　空处作介词by的宾语，故用动名词形式。‎ ‎(四)缺少主语常用动词ing 形式 ‎11．(2018·北京高考改编) (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.‎ 解析：Traveling/To travel　句意：沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣且有益的体验。分析句子结构可知，空处所在短语在句中作主语，应用动名词或动词不定式形式。‎ ‎12．(2018·辽宁铁岭协作体一联)Above all, I have come to understand that (bring) happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.‎ 解析：bringing　句意：首先，我开始明白了赠人玫瑰、手留余香的道理。设空处在宾语从句中作主语，且表示抽象概念，故用动名词作主语。‎ ‎(五)非谓语动词作表语修饰物时用v.ing，修饰人时用v.ed 形式 ‎13．(2018·河南八市重点高中二次质检)I felt hopeless and alone, and more (depress) than I knew was possible.‎ 解析：depressed　句意：我感到绝望、孤独及前所未有过的沮丧。设空处作felt的表语，故填depressed。‎ ‎14．(2018·江西红色七校一联)It is (shock) that some investment banks even judge candidates by whether they wear brown shoes.‎ 解析：shocking　句意：令人震惊的是：一些投资银行甚至根据他们是否穿棕色鞋子来判断应聘者。shocking“令人震惊的”；shocked“感到震惊的”。‎