高考英语一轮复习板块3不可忽视的小词--代词冠词介词第1讲代词教学案牛津译林版 2

高考英语一轮复习板块3不可忽视的小词--代词冠词介词第1讲代词教学案牛津译林版 2

第1讲　代词 ‎[全国卷考情分析]‎ 题型 典题试做 命题解读 语 法 填 空 ‎1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give it/running a try.‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them (they) alive.‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using it every day.‎ ‎1.考查人称代词的主格和宾格；‎ ‎2．考查物主代词的基本用法；‎ ‎3．考查it的基本用法；‎ ‎4．考查不定代词和替代词的基本用法。‎ 考点一 代词的分类 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·安庆模拟) At the end of the Qing Dynasty, after closed China came under the influence from abroad, many old hutongs lost ________(they) former neat arrangement.‎ their　[考查代词。根据空后的名词短语“former neat arrangement”可知，空处修饰该名词短语，作定语，故用形容词性物主代词。]‎ ‎2．(2019·河南洛阳第一次统考)“As soon as he opens ________ (he) mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese are very surprised and they feel proud of him，” said his music teacher.‎ his　[考查代词。根据语境mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mouth，在句中作定语。]‎ ‎3．(2019·山东师大附中二模)At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced ________ (her)．‎ herself　[句意：那时，一位迷人的年轻女士注意到了我的书，向我走来并作自我介绍。设空处作宾语，该空处与主语an attractive young lady指同一人，故用反身代词herself。]‎ 7‎ ‎4．(2019·重庆第一次调研)There are mainly 3 stone areas. One big area seems to be deep and dark red.________ two areas seem almost yellow and green. It looks as if someone spilled(泼洒) many colors of paint over the huge areas.‎ Another　[考查限定词。根据上文中的3 stone areas和One big area可知，这里用Another。Another two areas表示“另外两个地区”。]‎ 代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。‎ 分类 单数 复数 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 人称 代词 主格 I you he，‎ she，it we you they 宾格 me you him，‎ her，it us you them 物主 代词 形容 词性 my your his，‎ her，its our your their 名词性 mine yours his，‎ hers，its ours yours theirs 反身代词 my‎ self your‎ self himself，‎ herself，‎ itself our‎ selves your‎ selves them‎ selves 指示代词 this，that，such these，those，such 相互 代词 宾格 each other，one another 所有格 each other's，one another's 不 定 代 词 普通 不定 代词 some，any，no，somebody，anybody，‎ nobody，someone，anyone，no one，‎ something，anything，nothing，none 个体 代词 all，every，each，other，another，either，‎ neither，both，half，everybody，everyone，‎ everything 数量 many，much，(a)few，(a)little，a lot of，‎ 7‎ 代词 lots of，a great deal，a great many 疑问代词 who，whom，whose，which，what 连接代词 who，whom，whose，which，what ‎(用法请参阅名词性从句部分)‎ 关系代词 who，whom，whose，which，that ‎(用法请参阅定语从句部分)‎ 考点二 不定代词 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·泰安模拟)As far as I am concerned, cycling is a good solution. For one thing, bicycles don't need any petrol and they are energysaving. For ________， bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't give off waste gas.‎ another　[句意：在我看来，骑自行车是一个不错的解决方案。一方面，自行车不需要汽油，并且节能；另一方面，自行车也很环保，因为它们不会释放任何废气。for one thing... for another...表示“一方面……另一方面……”。]‎ ‎2．(2019·新疆第二次检测)Nowadays reference books have become a problem of great concern for ________ the teachers and the students.‎ both　[考查固定搭配。固定搭配both...and...意为“两者都”，符合语境，故用both。]‎ ‎3．(2019·安徽六校联考)I'll spend half of my holiday practising English and the ________ half learning drawing.‎ other　[句意：我将花假期的一半时间练习英语，另一半时间学画画。根据句意可知，整个假期分为两半，确定范围为两者，故只能用other。]‎ ‎4．(2019·福建福州十三中高三期中)Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do ________ for the people of his town.‎ something　[结合句意可知，此处表示想要为人们做某事，故填 something。]‎ ‎1．all，both，either，any，none，neither 都 任何一个 都不 部分否定 两者 both either neither＝‎ not either both和 not连用 三者或 all any none＝‎ all和 7‎ 三者以上 not any not连用 The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but neither contained any useful suggestions.‎ 以这个调查为基础，研究团队做了两个报告，但是两个都不包含任何有用的建议。‎ ‎—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?‎ ‎——我什么时候(给你)打电话方便，上午还是下午？‎ ‎—Either.I'll be in all day.‎ ‎——都可以，我将一整天都在家。‎ ‎2．none，nothing，no one/nobody none none既指人也指物，后面可接of短语，一般用来回答how many，how much 和which的提问 nothing nothing只指物，后面不能接of短语，用来回答what的提问 no one/‎ nobody no one和nobody只指人不指物，其后不接of短语，一般回答who的提问 Even if the answer seemed a little strange，nobody but I doubted it.‎ 尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪，但是除了我之外没人怀疑它的正确性。‎ Niki is always full of ideas，but none is useful to my knowledge.尼基点子总是很多，但是据我所知，没有一个是有用的。‎ ‎[易错提醒]　部分否定和全部否定 ‎(1)no one，none，nobody，nothing，not...any/either以及“no＋名词”都表示全部否定；‎ ‎(2)all，both，everyone/everybody/everything以及“every＋名词”与not 连用时，表示部分否定。‎ ‎3．the other，another，others，the others the other the other指两个人或物中的“另一个”，常与one连用，构成“one...the other...”(一个……；另一个……)‎ another 单独使用，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。常与one连用，构成one...another...泛指“一个……另一个……”‎ others，the ‎ others others泛指“其余的人或物”，相当于“other＋可数名词复数”，不能作定语，常构成some...others...。the others特指“其余的所有人或物”，相当于“the other＋可数名词复数”‎ To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one barefoot against the other.‎ 7‎ 为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，两只光脚丫互相蹭着。‎ ‎(福建卷)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in others，knives and forks.‎ 在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。‎ 考点三 it的用法 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·山东东营一模)________ is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.‎ It　[句意：人们普遍认为，在我们的教育体制里，社会经济背景不佳的年轻人往往会表现欠佳。it作形式主语，“that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system”为主语从句，是真正的主语。 ]‎ ‎2．(2019·河北唐山第一次调研)I realized ________ was foolish to judge AI that way.‎ it　[句意：我意识到那样判断人工智能是愚蠢的。设空处需用it作形式主语，本句中的to judge AI that way为真正的主语。]‎ ‎3．(2019·安庆模拟)He admitted that when________ comes to repairing a computer，he had little knowledge of it.‎ it　[句意：他承认，当说到维修电脑时，他对此一无所知。when it comes to...意为“当说到……”，为固定句型。故填it。]‎ ‎4．(2019·重庆模拟)I hate ________ when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.‎ it　[句意：我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟。it常常与某些动词连用构成固定句式，例如hate/dislike it when...；appreciate/help it if...等。]‎ ‎1．指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。还指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。‎ ‎(北京高考)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.‎ 由于当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。‎ ‎[易错提醒]　替代词(it，that，one)的用法区别 it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或物 that 替代上文出现的“the＋不可数名词或单数可数名词”，表特指同类事物中的一个。其复数形式为those 7‎ one 替代上文出现的“a/an＋单数可数名词”，表泛指同类事物中的一个。其复数形式为ones ‎2．it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。‎ It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.‎ 对学生来说非常清楚的是他们应该为他们的将来做好准备。‎ The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.‎ 这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们区分开来。‎ ‎3．含有it的常考短语或句型。‎ ‎(1)It depends.视情况而定。‎ Take it easy.别着急。‎ believe it or not信不信由你 make it成功，做到，约定时间 as someone puts it像某人所说的那样 When it comes to...当涉及/谈到……‎ keep it in mind that...把……铭记在心 ‎(2)It's (high) time that sb.should do/did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。‎ It's the first/second/...time that sb.have/has done sth.是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事。‎ It is/has been...since...自从……多久了。‎ It will be/was...before...要过……时间才……‎ It is/was＋时间点＋when...当……时候，时间是……‎ ‎(3)It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...‎ ‎【技法点拨】‎ 在语法填空中：‎ ‎1．人称、物主、反身代词词类：“成分”是关键 ‎(1)如果句中缺主语，则用人称代词的主格；‎ ‎(2)如果句中缺宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；‎ ‎(3)如果句中缺定语，则用形容词性物主代词；‎ ‎(4)如果主语和宾语代表同一个人或物，宾语则用反身代词。‎ ‎2．不定代词类：“范围”要搞清 ‎(1)二者选其一用either；都不选用neither；都选用both；‎ ‎(2)三者或以上的任何一个用any；都不选用none；都选用all。‎ 7‎ ‎3．it类：“指代”要辨明 ‎(1)如果指代上下文同一事物，用it；‎ ‎(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离用it；‎ ‎(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语用it。‎ 7‎